5. Balance Sheet Components

Investments

Convertible Promissory Note

On August 9, 2024, Denali Capital Acquisition Corp. (“Denali”) issued a convertible promissory note (the “Convertible Promissory Note”) in the total principal amount of up to $180,000 to the Company. The Convertible Promissory Note was issued with an initial principal balance of $15,063.74, with the remaining $164,936.26 drawable at Denali’s request and upon the consent of the Company prior to the maturity of the Convertible Promissory Note. The Convertible Promissory Note matures upon the earlier of (i) the effective date of the consummation of Denali’s initial business combination or (ii) the date of the liquidation of Denali. Any future drawdowns of the remaining $164,936.26 principal amount available under the Convertible Promissory Note are expected to fund future one-month extensions as necessary to provide additional time for Denali to complete a business combination. At the option of the Company, upon consummation of an initial business combination, the Convertible Promissory Note may be converted in whole or in part into additional Class A ordinary shares of Denali, at a conversion price of $10.00 per ordinary share (the “Conversion Shares”). The terms of the Conversion Shares will be identical to those of the private placement shares that were issued to Denali Capital Global Investments, LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), in connection with Denali’s initial public offering (the “IPO”). In the event that Denali does not consummate an initial business combination, the Convertible Promissory Note will be repaid only from funds held outside of the trust account established in connection with the IPO or will be forfeited, eliminated or otherwise forgiven. No interest shall accrue on the unpaid principal balance of the Convertible Promissory Note. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the Convertible Promissory Note was $123.1 thousand and $75.3 thousand, respectively, as a result of additional draws after the initial amount.

Semnur Business Combination Agreement and Sponsor Interest Purchase Agreement

On August 30, 2024, Semnur entered into an agreement and plan of merger (as may be amended or restated from time to time in accordance with its terms, including by Amendment No. 1 thereto, dated as of April 16, 2025 (“Amendment No.1”), the “Semnur Business Combination Agreement”) with Denali and Denali Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Denali (“Denali Merger Sub”). On July 22, 2025, Semnur entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Semnur Business Combination Agreement with Denali and Denali Merger Sub (“Amendment No. 2”). See Note 13 for the additional discussion of Amendment No. 2.

The Semnur Business Combination Agreement provides that, among other things, (i) on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Denali Merger Sub will merge with and into Semnur, with Semnur surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Denali (the “Semnur Business Combination”), and (ii) prior to the closing of the Semnur Business Combination, Denali will migrate to and domesticate as a Delaware corporation in accordance with Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “DGCL”), and de-register in the Cayman Islands in accordance with Section 206 of the Cayman Companies Act (the “Domestication”). Upon the closing of the Semnur Business Combination, it is anticipated that Denali will change its name to “Semnur Pharmaceuticals, Inc.” (“New Semnur”). Shares of Denali common stock following the Domestication are hereinafter referred to as “New Semnur Common Shares”. Shares of Denali Series A preferred stock following the Domestication are hereinafter referred to as “New Semnur Preferred Shares”. Warrants to purchase New Semnur Common Shares following the Domestication are hereinafter referred to as “New Semnur Warrants”.

In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Semnur Business Combination Agreement, following the Domestication and at the effective time of the Semnur Business Combination (the “Effective Time”): (i) each share of Semnur Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be automatically converted into the right to receive, without interest, a number of New Semnur Common Shares equal to the Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Semnur Business Combination Agreement); (ii) each share of Series A preferred stock of Semnur issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be automatically converted into the right to receive, without interest, (a) one New Semnur Preferred Share and (b) one-tenth of one New Semnur Common Share, and (iii) subject to Denali’s receipt of the Option Exchange Approval (as defined in the Semnur Business Combination Agreement), each option to purchase a share of Semnur Common Stock that is then outstanding shall be converted into the right to receive an option to purchase a number of New Semnur Common Shares as determined by the Exchange Ratio upon substantially the same terms and conditions as are in effect with respect to such option immediately prior to the Effective Time, with the exercise price thereof adjusted by the Exchange Ratio. Pursuant to Amendment No. 1, among other things, the parties agreed to (i) modify certain covenants of the parties to address the potential delisting of the Denali ordinary shares and warrants from the Nasdaq Capital Market, (ii) extend the Outside Date (as defined in Amendment No. 1) to September 30, 2025, and (iii) require Denali to amend its organizational documents to extend the period of time within which Denali can complete a business combination to December 11, 2025, or such other date that is mutually agreed to by Semnur and Denali.

The Company defers specific incremental costs directly attributable to the Semnur Business Combination, such as legal, accounting and other general and administrative costs. After the consummation of the Semnur Business Combination, these costs will be classified in stockholders’ deficit as a reduction of additional paid-in capital recorded as a result of the Semnur Business Combination. In the event the Semnur Business Combination Agreement is terminated, all deferred offering costs will be reclassified to general and administrative expenses in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, deferred offering costs related to the Semnur Business Combination totaled $8.3 million and $6.0 million, respectively, and were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the execution and delivery of the Semnur Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor and the Company entered into a Sponsor Interest Purchase Agreement (the “SIPA”) dated August 30, 2024 (the “Signing Date”). Pursuant to the SIPA, the Company agreed to purchase 500,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of Denali (the “Purchased Interests”) that are currently held by the Sponsor. The aggregate consideration for the purchase and sale of the Purchased Interests is as follows: (i) $2,000,000 (the “Cash Consideration”) and (ii) 8,571 shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to the SIPA, the Company has paid the Cash Consideration on the Signing Date and has agreed to issue Common Stock to the Sponsor contingent upon and following the occurrence of the Effective Time. The Company accounted for this promise to issue shares at a future date as an equity classified instrument as it is indexed to the Company’s own stock and meets the conditions to be classified in equity under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Purchased Interests will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into one New Semnur Common Share at the effective time of the Domestication pursuant to the terms of the Semnur Business Combination Agreement. The Company determined it does not have significant influence over Denali and accounted for the Purchased Interests as equity securities at the transaction price, which consists of the $2,000,000 paid by the Company to the Sponsor and the value of the 8,571 shares of the Common Stock at the closing price of $40.25 per share on the Signing Date for a total of $2.3 million. The Company elected to subsequently measure the investment at cost less any impairment. As of each of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s investment in the Purchased Interests had a balance of $2.3 million. No impairment loss was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Property and equipment, net

The Company recognized depreciation expense of $2.0 thousand and $4.0 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $3.0 thousand and $8.0 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Accrued Expenses