9. Financial Instruments and Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, various techniques and assumptions can be used to estimate fair value. The definition of the fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs for which significant valuation assumptions are unobservable in a market and therefore value is based on the best available data, some of which is internally developed and considers risk premiums that a market participant would require.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, revolving line of credit, and long-term debt. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their carrying value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company’s revolving line of credit is based on a variable interest rate and is reflected in the financial statements at carrying value which approximates fair value at June 30, 2025. The Company’s long-term debt is based on a fixed interest rate, and its carrying amount approximates fair value at June 30, 2025. The fair value of the revolving line of credit and long-term debt is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and is estimated based on quoted market prices.