Related Party Transactions |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related Party Transactions | 10. Related Party Transactions The Company entered into an advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Advisor. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is responsible for sourcing, evaluating and monitoring the Company’s investment opportunities and making decisions related to the acquisition, origination, management, financing and disposition of the Company’s assets, in accordance with the Company’s investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by the Company’s board of trustees. Management and Performance Fee As compensation for its services provided pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is paid a management fee (the “Management Fee”) equal to 1.25% of NAV per annum for the outstanding Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, and Class I shares, payable monthly in arrears. The Company does not pay the Advisor the Management Fee with respect to the Class E shares. In calculating the Management Fee, the Company uses its NAV before giving effect to accruals for the Management Fee, Performance Fee, shareholder servicing fees or distributions payable on common shares. The Management Fee may be paid, at the Advisor’s election, in cash, Class I shares or Class E shares, or any combination thereof. To the extent that the Advisor elects to receive any portion of the Management Fee in Class I shares or Class E shares, the Company may repurchase such Class I shares or Class E shares from the Advisor at a later date. Any Class I shares or Class E shares obtained by the Advisor will not be subject to the Company’s share repurchase plan, including the repurchase limits and any Early Repurchase Deduction. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, Management Fees earned by the Advisor were approximately $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. See “Temporary Waiver of Management Fees” below for further information. The Advisor may be entitled to receive a performance fee (the “Performance Fee”) which is accrued monthly and payable quarterly (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect) in arrears. The Performance Fee will be an amount, not less than zero, equal to (i) 12.5% of the cumulative Core Earnings (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) for the immediately preceding four calendar quarters (each such period, a “4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period”), subject to a hurdle rate, expressed as an annual rate of return on average adjusted capital, equal to 5.0% (the “Annual Hurdle Rate”), minus (ii) the sum of any performance fees paid to the Advisor with respect to the first three calendar quarters in the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period. For purposes of the Performance Fee, “adjusted capital” means cumulative net proceeds generated from sales of the Company’s Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares (including proceeds from the DRIP) reduced for distributions from dispositions of the Company’s investments paid to Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I shareholders and amounts paid to Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I shareholders for share repurchases pursuant to the share repurchase plan. The Advisor will not earn a Performance Fee for any calendar quarter until the Company’s Core Earnings for the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period exceeds the Annual Hurdle Rate. Once the Company’s Core Earnings exceed the Annual Hurdle Rate, the Advisor is entitled to a “catch-up” fee equal to the amount of Core Earnings in excess of the Annual Hurdle Rate until the Company’s Core Earnings for the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period exceed a percentage of average adjusted capital equal to the Annual Hurdle Rate divided by 0.875 (or 1 minus 0.125) for the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period. Thereafter, the Advisor is entitled to receive 12.5% of the Company’s Core Earnings. Proportional calculation methodologies to be applied prior to the completion of four full calendar quarters are defined in the Advisory Agreement. The Performance Fee may be paid, at the Advisor’s election, in cash, Class I shares or Class E shares, or any combination thereof. The Company does not pay the Advisor a Performance Fee on Class E shares. To the extent that the Advisor elects to receive any portion of the Performance Fee in Class I shares or Class E shares, the Company may repurchase such Class I shares or Class E shares from the Advisor at a later date. Any Class I shares or Class E shares obtained by the Advisor will not be subject to the share repurchase plan, including the repurchase limits and any Early Repurchase Deduction. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Advisor earned Performance Fees of $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively, which the Advisor elected to receive as cash. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Advisor did not earn performance fees. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Advisor earned Performance Fees of $0.1 million, which were paid to the Advisor in the form of 6,342 Class E shares in April 2024. Temporary Waiver of Management Fees On October 16, 2024, the Board of Trustees approved Amendment No. 1 to the Advisory Agreement (“Advisory Agreement Amendment”), which amends, among other things, the provisions of the Advisory Agreement related to the waiver of the Management Fee. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement Amendment, the Advisor agreed to an additional waiver of the Management Fee beginning on January 1, 2025, and continuing until the earlier of (x) July 1, 2026 and (y) the six months following the month in which the Company’s cumulative gross proceeds generated from sales of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares (excluding proceeds from (i) DRIP and (ii) any investment from Strategic Investors (as defined in the Advisory Agreement Amendment)) exceeds $300.0 million (measured from and including subscriptions in January 2025). As a result of this temporary waiver, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Advisor did not earn any Management Fees. Due to Advisor The Company may retain certain of the Advisor’s affiliates, from time to time, for services relating to the Company’s investments or its operations, which may include capital markets services, restructuring services, valuation services, underwriting and diligence services, and special servicing, as well as services related to mortgage servicing, group purchasing, consulting/brokerage, capital markets/credit origination, loan servicing and asset management, property, title and other types of insurance, management consulting and other similar operational and investment matters. The following table details the components of Due to advisor as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Accrued operating expenses The Advisor agreed to advance certain of the Company’s operating expenses through December 1, 2024. The Advisor had incurred operating costs on the Company’s behalf of $5.6 million and $5.1 million, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company will reimburse the Advisor for all such advanced operating expenses ratably over a 60-month period following January 1, 2026. Operating expenses incurred after December 1, 2024, are paid by the Company as incurred (or promptly thereafter). Accrued organization and offering costs The Advisor agreed to advance organization and offering costs on behalf of the Company (including legal, accounting, and other expenses attributable to the organization, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and shareholder servicing fees) through December 1, 2024. The Advisor had incurred organization and offering costs on the Company’s behalf of $3.2 million, consisting of offering costs of $2.4 million and organization costs of $0.8 million, and $3.1 million, consisting of offering costs of $2.3 million and organization costs of $0.8 million, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The organization costs are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the offering costs are charged to equity. The Company will reimburse the Advisor for all such advanced organization and offering expenses ratably over a 60-month period following January 1, 2026. Organization and offering expenses incurred after December 1, 2024, are paid by the Company as and when incurred (or promptly thereafter). Accrued affiliate service provider expenses The Company may retain or the Advisor may retain pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, certain of the Advisor’s affiliates, from time to time, to provide services relating to the Company’s investments or its operations, which may include capital markets services, restructuring services, valuation services, underwriting and diligence services, and special servicing, as well as services related to mortgage servicing, group purchasing, healthcare, consulting/brokerage, capital markets/credit origination, loan servicing and asset management, property, title and other types of insurance, management consulting and other similar operational and investment matters. The Company has engaged Rinaldi, Finkelstein & Franklin, L.L.C., which is counsel to the Sponsor and its affiliates and is owned and controlled by Ellis F. Rinaldi, Co-General Counsel and Senior Managing Director of Starwood Capital and certain of its affiliates, to provide legal services to us on market terms. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the amounts incurred for these services provided were an insignificant amount and $0.1 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the amounts incurred for these services provided were an insignificant amount. The Company has incurred legal expenses from third party law firms whose lawyers have been seconded to affiliates of Starwood Capital for the purpose of providing legal services in Europe to investment vehicles sponsored by Starwood Capital. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the amounts incurred for these services provided were an insignificant amount. Accrued Shareholder Servicing Fees The Company entered into a deal manager agreement (the “Dealer Manager Agreement”) with Starwood Capital L.L.C. (the “Dealer Manager”), on October 31, 2023. The Dealer Manager is entitled to receive shareholder servicing fees of 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV for Class T shares and Class S shares. For Class T shares such shareholder servicing fee includes an advisor shareholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer shareholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV for the Class T shares. However, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the advisor shareholder servicing fee and the dealer shareholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares. The Class D shares will incur a shareholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class D shares. The Dealer Manager anticipates that substantially all of the shareholder servicing fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Dealer Manager did not retain any shareholder servicing fees, respectively. The Company accrues the estimated amount of the future shareholder servicing fees payable to the Dealer Manager for Class T, Class S, and Class D shares based on the estimated hold period of those shares. Accrued shareholder servicing fees were $8.8 million and $7.3 million as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Related Party Share Ownership
As of June 30, 2025, the Advisor, its employees, and its affiliates, including the Company’s trustees, hold an aggregate of $34.1 million in the Company, held as Class E common shares of the Company. |