Organization, Description of Business, and Basis of Presentation	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization, Description of Business, and Basis of Presentation	Note 1 – Organization, Description of Business, and Basis of Presentation Organization and Description of Business Prairie Operating Co. (individually or together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is an independent oil and gas company focused on the acquisition and development of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). The Company’s assets and operations are strategically located in the oil region of rural Weld County, Colorado, within the Denver–Julesburg Basin (the “DJ Basin”). The Company believes that the DJ Basin is one of the premier resource plays in the U.S., as Weld County boasts some of the lowest break-even prices in the U.S., and has a long production history which has proven and consistent results. The productivity of this resource is demonstrated by the integral role that Weld County holds in Colorado’s energy economy, having produced approximately 85% of Colorado’s oil production to date. As of June 30, 2025, the Company’s assets included approximately 50,000 net leasehold acres in, on and under approximately 70,000 gross acres. The Company strives to deliver energy in an environmentally efficient manner by deploying next-generation technology and techniques. In addition to growing production through its drilling operations, the Company intends to continue growing its business through accretive acquisitions, such as the NRO Acquisition (as defined herein), which closed in October 2024, and the Bayswater Acquisition (as defined herein), which closed in March 2025, focusing on assets with the following criteria: (i) producing reserves, with opportunities to add accretive, undeveloped bolt–on acreage; (ii) ample, high rate–of–return inventory of drilling locations that can be developed with cash flow reinvestment; (iii) strong well–level economics; (iv) liquids–rich assets; and (v) accretive valuation. Refer to Note 3 – Acquisitions for a discussion of the Bayswater Acquisition and the NRO Acquisition. Bayswater Acquisition On February 6, 2025, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Bayswater PSA”) with Bayswater Resources, LLC, Bayswater Fund III-A, LLC, Bayswater Fund III-B, LLC, Bayswater Fund IV-A, LP, Bayswater Fund IV-B, LP, Bayswater Fund IV-Annex, LP, and Bayswater Exploration & Production, LLC (collectively, “Bayswater”), pursuant to which it agreed to acquire certain oil and natural gas assets (the “Bayswater Assets”) from Bayswater for a purchase price of $602.8 million, subject to certain closing price adjustments, payable in cash and 3,656,099 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) (the “Equity Consideration” and collectively, the “Bayswater Acquisition”). The Company closed the Bayswater Acquisition on March 26, 2025, at which time the Company paid approximately $482.5 million in cash to Bayswater, $15.0 million of which was deposited in escrow pending the Company’s acquisition of additional working interest (the “Additional Working Interest Acquisition”), which Bayswater acquired and assigned to the Company on April 11, 2025, and issued the Equity Consideration to Bayswater (collectively, the “Bayswater Purchase Price”). The Company funded the cash portion of the Bayswater Purchase Price with cash on hand, the proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock in a public offering, the proceeds from the issuance of the 148,250 shares of Series F Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Series F Preferred Stock”), and borrowings under its Credit Facility (as defined herein). Refer to Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Common Stock, Note 13 – Mezzanine Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Series F Preferred Stock, and Note 10 – Debt for a discussion of the Credit Facility. Previously, the Company focused on cryptocurrency mining until the sale of its cryptocurrency miners in January 2024. Upon the closing of the Crypto Sale (as defined herein), the Company exited the cryptocurrency mining business. All results and activities from these assets and operations have been classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 4 – Discontinued Operations for a discussion of those discontinued operations. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company owns 100% of the equity interest of Prairie Operating Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Prairie LLC”), which is considered a variable interest entity for which the Company is the primary beneficiary, as the Company is the sole managing member of Prairie LLC and has the power to direct the activities most significant to Prairie LLC’s economic performance, as well as the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits that are potentially significant. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 were derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10–K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Certain disclosures have been condensed or omitted from these condensed financial statements; however, management believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related note disclosures included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Liquidity Analysis During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company had net income attributable to Prairie Operating Co.’s common stockholders of $48.5 million and a net loss attributable to Prairie Operating Co.’s common stockholders of $45.0 million, respectively. The Company cannot predict if it will be able to sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis and extended periods of losses and negative cash flow may prevent it from successfully operating and expanding its business. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $10.7 million, a working capital deficit of $64.2 million, and an accumulated deficit of $86.7 million. On March 26, 2025, the Company, as borrower, amended and restated its reserve-based credit agreement, dated as of December 16, 2024 (the “Credit Facility”), with Citibank, N.A. (“Citi”), as administrative agent, and the financial institutions party thereto (the “Amended & Restated Credit Agreement”). The Credit Facility is scheduled to mature on March 26, 2029, and the Amended & Restated Credit Agreement provides for a maximum credit commitment of $1.0 billion under the Credit Facility. Further on March 26, 2025, the Company issued Common Stock in a public offering, resulting in proceeds of $41.4 million, net of $2.4 million of underwriting discounts and commissions, and issued the Series F Preferred Stock, resulting in approximately $137.2 million of net proceeds, after deducting the advisor fees and offering expenses. Additionally, on March 26, 2025, the Company closed the Bayswater Acquisition, using cash on hand, the proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock in a public offering, the proceeds from the issuance of the Series F Preferred Stock, and borrowings under its Credit Facility. Refer to Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Common Stock, Note 13 – Mezzanine Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Series F Preferred Stock, and Note 10 – Debt for a discussion of the Credit Facility. On June 20, 2025, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Truist Securities, Inc., as managers (together, the “Managers”). Pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement, the Company has the option to sell shares of its Common Stock up to an aggregate offering price of $75.0 million through the Managers (the “ATM Offering”). Sales of the shares of Common Stock sold under the ATM Offering, if any, will be made under the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on May 2, 2025, and the prospectus supplement dated June 20, 2025 relating to the ATM Offering filed with the SEC, in each case, as may be amended or supplemented from time to time. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has not issued any shares under the ATM Offering. Refer to Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity for a further discussion of the ATM Offering. The assessment of liquidity requires management to make estimates of future activity and judgments about whether the Company can meet its obligations, have adequate liquidity to operate, and maintain compliance with the applicable financial covenants of its Amended & Restated Credit Agreement, as discussed in Note 10 – Debt. Significant assumptions used in the Company’s forecasted model of liquidity in the next 12 months include its current cash position and ability to manage spending. Based on an assessment of these factors, management expects that the Company’s cash balance, expected revenues from its existing producing wells, including those acquired in the Bayswater Acquisition, and the liquidity available under its Credit Facility, proceeds from the ATM Offering, and potential offerings under the effective Form S-3 registration statement will be sufficient to meet its obligations over the next 12 months and fulfil the financial covenant requirements under its Credit Facility Agreement, as discussed in Note 10 – Debt. As discussed above, following the amendment of the Company’s Credit Facility in March 2025, which increased the borrowing base to $475.0 million, the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement becoming effective in December 2024, and the launch of the ATM Offering in June 2025, the Company has the ability to access funds through various sources to meet its working capital needs. The Company’s ability to borrow under its Amended & Restated Credit Agreement does not require action on the part of management, other than requesting the borrowing. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has availability of $88.0 million under the Credit Facility, which is more or equal to its liquidity needs; therefore, substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern does not exist. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserve quantities and estimated future cash flows associated with proved reserves, reserves of credit losses, accruals for potential liabilities, the valuation of the subordinated promissory note (the “Subordinated Note”) warrants issued in the third quarter of 2024, discussed further in Note 10 – Debt, the valuation of the Series F Preferred Stock, discussed further in Note 13 – Mezzanine Equity, the fair value of commodity derivative instruments, and the realization of deferred tax assets. Segment Information The Company operates in one business segment: the acquisition, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs (the “Operating Segment”), primarily in the DJ Basin. This is consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Company’s executive team, which is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and includes the Chief Operating Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, and Executive Vice President of Operations. The Company’s Operating Segment produces and sells crude oil, natural gas, and NGL volumes, which is reported as oil, natural gas, and NGL revenue on its consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company’s revenue recognition policy and other accounting policies for its Operating Segment are the same as its company-wide accounting policies discussed below in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The Operating Segment’s major customers during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are also discussed below in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Additionally, the Company did not have any intra-entity sales or transfers during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024, and the Operating Segment’s significant expenses are the same as those reported on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The CODM assesses the performance of the Operating Segment and decides how to allocate resources based on the Company’s net income (loss), as reported on the consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, net income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations is used to monitor budget versus actual results of the Operating Segment and to benchmark against the Company’s competitors. The CODM’s measure of the Operating Segment assets is reported as total assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Organization, Description of Business, and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Organization, Description of Business, and Basis of Presentation

Note 1 – Organization, Description of Business, and Basis of Presentation

Organization and Description of Business

Prairie Operating Co. (individually or together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is an independent oil and gas company focused on the acquisition and development of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). The Company’s assets and operations are strategically located in the oil region of rural Weld County, Colorado, within the Denver–Julesburg Basin (the “DJ Basin”). The Company believes that the DJ Basin is one of the premier resource plays in the U.S., as Weld County boasts some of the lowest break-even prices in the U.S., and has a long production history which has proven and consistent results. The productivity of this resource is demonstrated by the integral role that Weld County holds in Colorado’s energy economy, having produced approximately 85% of Colorado’s oil production to date.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company’s assets included approximately 50,000 net leasehold acres in, on and under approximately 70,000 gross acres. The Company strives to deliver energy in an environmentally efficient manner by deploying next-generation technology and techniques. In addition to growing production through its drilling operations, the Company intends to continue growing its business through accretive acquisitions, such as the NRO Acquisition (as defined herein), which closed in October 2024, and the Bayswater Acquisition (as defined herein), which closed in March 2025, focusing on assets with the following criteria: (i) producing reserves, with opportunities to add accretive, undeveloped bolt–on acreage; (ii) ample, high rate–of–return inventory of drilling locations that can be developed with cash flow reinvestment; (iii) strong well–level economics; (iv) liquids–rich assets; and (v) accretive valuation. Refer to Note 3 – Acquisitions for a discussion of the Bayswater Acquisition and the NRO Acquisition.

Bayswater Acquisition

On February 6, 2025, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Bayswater PSA”) with Bayswater Resources, LLC, Bayswater Fund III-A, LLC, Bayswater Fund III-B, LLC, Bayswater Fund IV-A, LP, Bayswater Fund IV-B, LP, Bayswater Fund IV-Annex, LP, and Bayswater Exploration & Production, LLC (collectively, “Bayswater”), pursuant to which it agreed to acquire certain oil and natural gas assets (the “Bayswater Assets”) from Bayswater for a purchase price of $602.8 million, subject to certain closing price adjustments, payable in cash and 3,656,099 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) (the “Equity Consideration” and collectively, the “Bayswater Acquisition”).

The Company closed the Bayswater Acquisition on March 26, 2025, at which time the Company paid approximately $482.5 million in cash to Bayswater, $15.0 million of which was deposited in escrow pending the Company’s acquisition of additional working interest (the “Additional Working Interest Acquisition”), which Bayswater acquired and assigned to the Company on April 11, 2025, and issued the Equity Consideration to Bayswater (collectively, the “Bayswater Purchase Price”). The Company funded the cash portion of the Bayswater Purchase Price with cash on hand, the proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock in a public offering, the proceeds from the issuance of the 148,250 shares of Series F Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Series F Preferred Stock”), and borrowings under its Credit Facility (as defined herein). Refer to Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Common Stock, Note 13 – Mezzanine Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Series F Preferred Stock, and Note 10 – Debt for a discussion of the Credit Facility.

Previously, the Company focused on cryptocurrency mining until the sale of its cryptocurrency miners in January 2024. Upon the closing of the Crypto Sale (as defined herein), the Company exited the cryptocurrency mining business. All results and activities from these assets and operations have been classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 4 – Discontinued Operations for a discussion of those discontinued operations.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company owns 100% of the equity interest of Prairie Operating Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Prairie LLC”), which is considered a variable interest entity for which the Company is the primary beneficiary, as the Company is the sole managing member of Prairie LLC and has the power to direct the activities most significant to Prairie LLC’s economic performance, as well as the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits that are potentially significant.

The condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 were derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10–K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Certain disclosures have been condensed or omitted from these condensed financial statements; however, management believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related note disclosures included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Liquidity Analysis

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company had net income attributable to Prairie Operating Co.’s common stockholders of $48.5 million and a net loss attributable to Prairie Operating Co.’s common stockholders of $45.0 million, respectively. The Company cannot predict if it will be able to sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis and extended periods of losses and negative cash flow may prevent it from successfully operating and expanding its business. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $10.7 million, a working capital deficit of $64.2 million, and an accumulated deficit of $86.7 million.

On March 26, 2025, the Company, as borrower, amended and restated its reserve-based credit agreement, dated as of December 16, 2024 (the “Credit Facility”), with Citibank, N.A. (“Citi”), as administrative agent, and the financial institutions party thereto (the “Amended & Restated Credit Agreement”). The Credit Facility is scheduled to mature on March 26, 2029, and the Amended & Restated Credit Agreement provides for a maximum credit commitment of $1.0 billion under the Credit Facility. Further on March 26, 2025, the Company issued Common Stock in a public offering, resulting in proceeds of $41.4 million, net of $2.4 million of underwriting discounts and commissions, and issued the Series F Preferred Stock, resulting in approximately $137.2 million of net proceeds, after deducting the advisor fees and offering expenses. Additionally, on March 26, 2025, the Company closed the Bayswater Acquisition, using cash on hand, the proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock in a public offering, the proceeds from the issuance of the Series F Preferred Stock, and borrowings under its Credit Facility. Refer to Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Common Stock, Note 13 – Mezzanine Equity for a discussion of the issuance of Series F Preferred Stock, and Note 10 – Debt for a discussion of the Credit Facility.

On June 20, 2025, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Truist Securities, Inc., as managers (together, the “Managers”). Pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement, the Company has the option to sell shares of its Common Stock up to an aggregate offering price of $75.0 million through the Managers (the “ATM Offering”). Sales of the shares of Common Stock sold under the ATM Offering, if any, will be made under the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on May 2, 2025, and the prospectus supplement dated June 20, 2025 relating to the ATM Offering filed with the SEC, in each case, as may be amended or supplemented from time to time. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has not issued any shares under the ATM Offering. Refer to Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity for a further discussion of the ATM Offering.

The assessment of liquidity requires management to make estimates of future activity and judgments about whether the Company can meet its obligations, have adequate liquidity to operate, and maintain compliance with the applicable financial covenants of its Amended & Restated Credit Agreement, as discussed in Note 10 – Debt. Significant assumptions used in the Company’s forecasted model of liquidity in the next 12 months include its current cash position and ability to manage spending. Based on an assessment of these factors, management expects that the Company’s cash balance, expected revenues from its existing producing wells, including those acquired in the Bayswater Acquisition, and the liquidity available under its Credit Facility, proceeds from the ATM Offering, and potential offerings under the effective Form S-3 registration statement will be sufficient to meet its obligations over the next 12 months and fulfil the financial covenant requirements under its Credit Facility Agreement, as discussed in Note 10 – Debt.

As discussed above, following the amendment of the Company’s Credit Facility in March 2025, which increased the borrowing base to $475.0 million, the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement becoming effective in December 2024, and the launch of the ATM Offering in June 2025, the Company has the ability to access funds through various sources to meet its working capital needs. The Company’s ability to borrow under its Amended & Restated Credit Agreement does not require action on the part of management, other than requesting the borrowing. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has availability of $88.0 million under the Credit Facility, which is more or equal to its liquidity needs; therefore, substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern does not exist.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

These estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserve quantities and estimated future cash flows associated with proved reserves, reserves of credit losses, accruals for potential liabilities, the valuation of the subordinated promissory note (the “Subordinated Note”) warrants issued in the third quarter of 2024, discussed further in Note 10 – Debt, the valuation of the Series F Preferred Stock, discussed further in Note 13 – Mezzanine Equity, the fair value of commodity derivative instruments, and the realization of deferred tax assets.

Segment Information

The Company operates in one business segment: the acquisition, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs (the “Operating Segment”), primarily in the DJ Basin. This is consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Company’s executive team, which is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and includes the Chief Operating Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, and Executive Vice President of Operations.

The Company’s Operating Segment produces and sells crude oil, natural gas, and NGL volumes, which is reported as oil, natural gas, and NGL revenue on its consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company’s revenue recognition policy and other accounting policies for its Operating Segment are the same as its company-wide accounting policies discussed below in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The Operating Segment’s major customers during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are also discussed below in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Additionally, the Company did not have any intra-entity sales or transfers during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024, and the Operating Segment’s significant expenses are the same as those reported on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The CODM assesses the performance of the Operating Segment and decides how to allocate resources based on the Company’s net income (loss), as reported on the consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, net income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations is used to monitor budget versus actual results of the Operating Segment and to benchmark against the Company’s competitors. The CODM’s measure of the Operating Segment assets is reported as total assets on the consolidated balance sheets.