Basis of Presentation (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidation | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION: As used in these notes, as well as in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “the Corporation” refer to Isabella Bank Corporation, a Michigan corporation and registered financial holding company, our wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Isabella Bank, and our other consolidated subsidiaries. References to the “Bank” refer to Isabella Bank.
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| Basis of Accounting | The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 (this “Form 10-Q”) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. For further information, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).
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| Segment Reporting, Policy | OPERATING SEGMENTS: Segment information is prepared on the same basis that our CEO, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), manages our segments, evaluates financial results, and makes key operating decisions. While the CODM monitors the revenue streams of our various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a corporate-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the banking-related operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. The segment is also distinguished by the level of information provided to the CODM, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business, which are then aggregated if operating performance, products and services, and geographical regions are similar. The CODM will evaluate the financial performance of our business components by evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing our reportable segment and in the determination of allocating resources. Further, the CODM uses revenue streams to evaluate product pricing and significant expenses to assess performance and evaluate return on assets. Consolidated net income is used to benchmark results against our competitors. Benchmarking and monitoring of budget to actual results are used in assessment performance and in establishing compensation. Revenue from banking operations consists primarily of loan and investment interest, deposit related fees, and wealth fees. Interest expense, provision for credit losses, compensation, and occupancy and equipment costs provide the significant expenses in our banking operations. All operations are domestic.
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| Reclassification | RECLASSIFICATIONS: Certain amounts reported in the interim 2024 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the 2025 presentation. Additionally, certain amounts reported as commercial and industrial loans have been reclassified as commercial real estate loans to conform to the June 30, 2025 presentation. Our accounting policies are materially the same as those discussed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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| Loans Receivable | Loans that we have the intent and ability to hold in our portfolio are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for any charge-offs, the ACL, and deferred fees or costs. Unless a loan has a nonaccrual status, interest income is accrued over the term of the loan based on the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are capitalized and recognized as a component of interest income over the term of the loan using the appropriate amortization method. Net unamortized deferred loan costs were $3,268 and $3,330 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Commercial and agricultural loans include loans for commercial real estate, commercial operating loans, advances to mortgage brokers, farmland and agricultural production, and loans to states and political subdivisions. Repayment of these loans is dependent upon the successful operation and management of a business. We minimize our risk by limiting the amount of direct credit exposure to any one borrower to $18,000. Borrowers with direct credit needs of more than $18,000 may be serviced through the use of loan participations with other commercial banks. Commercial and agricultural real estate loans commonly require loan-to-value limits of 80% or less. Depending upon the type of loan, past credit history, and current operating results, we may require the borrower to pledge accounts receivable, inventory, property, or equipment. Government agency guarantee may be required. Personal guarantees and/or life insurance beneficiary assignments are generally required from the owners of closely held corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships. In addition, we may require annual financial statements, prepare cash flow analyses, and review credit reports. We offer adjustable-rate mortgages, construction loans, and fixed rate residential real estate loans which have amortization periods up to a maximum of 30 years. We consider the anticipated direction of interest rates, balance sheet duration, the sensitivity of our balance sheet to changes in interest rates, our liquidity needs, and overall loan demand to determine whether or not to sell fixed rate loans to Freddie Mac. Our lending policies generally limit the maximum loan-to-value ratio on residential real estate loans to 100% of the lower of the appraised value of the property or the purchase price. Private mortgage insurance is typically required on loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 80% unless the loan qualifies for government guarantees. Underwriting criteria for originated residential real estate loans generally include: •Evaluation of the borrower’s ability to make monthly payments. •Evaluation of the value of the property securing the loan. •Ensuring the payment of principal, interest, taxes, and hazard insurance generally does not exceed 28% of a borrower’s gross income. •Ensuring all debt servicing does not exceed 40% of income. •Verification of acceptable credit reports. •Verification of employment, income, and financial information. Appraisals are performed by independent appraisers and are reviewed for appropriateness. Generally, mortgage loan requests are reviewed by our mortgage loan committee or through a secondary market underwriting system; loans in excess of $1,000 require the approval of one or more of the following committees: Internal Loan Committee, the Executive Loan Committee, or the Board of Directors. Consumer loans include secured and unsecured personal loans. Loans are amortized for a period of up to 15 years based on the age and value of the underlying collateral. The underwriting emphasis is on a borrower’s perceived intent and ability to pay rather than collateral value. No consumer loans are sold to the secondary market.
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| Nonaccrual Loan Status | The accrual of interest on commercial and agricultural loans, as well as residential real estate loans, is discontinued at the time a loan is 90 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of short-term collection. Upon transferring a loan to nonaccrual status, we perform an evaluation to determine the net realizable value of the underlying collateral. This evaluation is used to help determine if a charge-off is necessary. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual term of the loan. In all cases, a loan is placed in nonaccrual status at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. When a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest accrued in the current calendar year, but not collected, is reversed against interest income while interest accrued in prior calendar years, but not collected, is charged against the ACL. Loans may be returned to accrual status after six months of continuous performance and achievement of current payment status. Accrued interest receivable on loans was $5,858 and $6,384 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
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| Internal Credit Risk Ratings | Internally assigned credit risk ratings are reviewed, at a minimum, when loans are renewed or when management has knowledge of improvements or deterioration of the credit quality of individual credits. Descriptions of the internally assigned credit risk ratings for commercial and agricultural loans are as follows: 1. EXCELLENT – Substantially Risk Free Credit has strong financial condition and solid earnings history, characterized by: •High liquidity, strong cash flow, low leverage. •Unquestioned ability to meet all obligations when due. •Experienced management, with management succession in place. •Secured by cash. 2. HIGH QUALITY – Limited Risk Credit with sound financial condition and a positive trend in earnings supplemented by: •Favorable liquidity and leverage ratios. •Ability to meet all obligations when due. •Management with successful track record. •Steady and satisfactory earnings history. •If loan is secured, collateral is of high quality and readily marketable. •Access to alternative financing. •Well defined primary and secondary source of repayment. •If supported by guaranty, the financial strength and liquidity of the guarantor(s) are clearly evident. 3. HIGH SATISFACTORY – Reasonable Risk Credit with satisfactory financial condition and further characterized by: •Working capital adequate to support operations. •Cash flow sufficient to pay debts as scheduled. •Management experience and depth appear favorable. •Loan performing according to terms. •If loan is secured, collateral is acceptable, and loan is fully protected. 4. SATISFACTORY – Acceptable Risk Credit with bankable risks, although some signs of weaknesses are shown: •Would include most start-up businesses. •Occasional instances of trade slowness or repayment delinquency – may have been 10-30 days slow within the past year. •Management’s abilities are apparent yet unproven. •Weakness in primary source of repayment with adequate secondary source of repayment. •Loan structure generally in accordance with policy. •If secured, loan collateral coverage is marginal. To be classified as less than satisfactory, only one of the following criteria must be met. 5. SPECIAL MENTION – Criticized Credit constitutes an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitutes an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific loan: •Downward trend in sales, profit levels, and margins. •Impaired working capital position. •Cash flow is strained in order to meet debt repayment. •Loan delinquency (30-60 days) and overdrafts may occur. •Shrinking equity cushion. •Diminishing primary source of repayment and questionable secondary source. •Management abilities are questionable. •Weak industry conditions. •Litigation pending against the borrower. •Loan may need to be restructured to improve collateral position or reduce payments. •Collateral or guaranty offers limited protection. •Negative debt service coverage, however, the credit is well collateralized, and payments are current. 6. SUBSTANDARD – Classified Credit is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. There is a distinct possibility we will implement collection procedures if the loan deficiencies are not corrected. Any commercial loan placed in nonaccrual status will be rated “7” or worse. In addition, the following characteristics may apply: •Sustained losses have severely eroded the equity and cash flow. •Deteriorating liquidity. •Serious management problems or internal fraud. •Original repayment terms liberalized. •Likelihood of bankruptcy. •Inability to access other funding sources. •Reliance on secondary source of repayment. •Litigation filed against borrower. •Interest non-accrual may be warranted. •Collateral provides little or no value. •Requires excessive attention of the loan officer. •Borrower is uncooperative with loan officer. 7. VULNERABLE – Classified Credit is considered “Substandard” and warrants placing in nonaccrual status. Risk of loss is being evaluated and exit strategy options are under review. Other characteristics that may apply: •Insufficient cash flow to service debt. •Minimal or no payments being received. •Limited options available to avoid the collection process. •Transition status, expect action will take place to collect loan without immediate progress being made. 8. DOUBTFUL – Workout Credit has all the weaknesses inherent in a “Substandard” loan with the added characteristic that collection and/or liquidation is pending. The possibility of a loss is extremely high, but its classification as a loss is deferred until liquidation procedures are completed, or reasonably estimable. Other characteristics that may apply: •Normal operations are severely diminished or have ceased. •Seriously impaired cash flow. •Original repayment terms materially altered. •Secondary source of repayment is inadequate. •Survivability as a “going concern” is impossible. •Collection process has begun. •Bankruptcy petition has been filed. •Judgments have been filed. •Portion of the loan balance has been charged off. 9. LOSS – Charge-off Credit is considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification is for charged-off loans but does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value. These loans are further characterized by: •Liquidation or reorganization under bankruptcy, with poor prospects of collection. •Fraudulently overstated assets and/or earnings. •Collateral has marginal or no value. •Debtor cannot be located. •Over 120 days delinquent.
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| Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans | The credit quality of our loan portfolio is continuously monitored and is reflected within the ACL for loans. The ACL is an estimate of expected losses inherent within our loan portfolio. The ACL is adjusted by a credit loss expense, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries. The ACL is evaluated on a regular basis for appropriateness. Our periodic review of the collectability of a loan considers historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The primary factors behind the determination of the level of the ACL are specific allocations for loans individually evaluated, historical loss percentages, delinquency status, and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance and credit loss expense in those future periods. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the ACL has two basic components: a component of individual loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans; and a pooled component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics. For a loan that does not share risk characteristics with other loans, an individual analysis is performed to measure an allowance. Loans in nonaccrual status are individually evaluated for specific allocation of the allowance using the fair value of collateral, less costs to sell if foreclosure is probable, or the discounted cash flow method. We do not recognize interest income on loans in nonaccrual status. For loans not classified as nonaccrual, interest income is recognized daily, as earned, according to the terms of the loan agreement and the principal amount outstanding. In determining the allowance for credit losses, we derive an estimated credit loss assumption from a model that categorizes loan pools based on loan type and credit risk ratings or delinquency bucket. This model calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan class by considering the probability of default, based on the migration of loans from performing to loss by credit risk ratings or delinquency buckets using life-of-loan analysis, and the historical severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred per loan class. The default and severity factors used to calculate the allowance for credit losses for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans are adjusted for differences between the historical period used to calculate historical default and loss severity rates and expected conditions over the remaining lives of the loans in the portfolio. These qualitative factors are used to adjust the historical probabilities of default and severity of loss so that they reflect management's expectation of future conditions based on a reasonable and supportable forecast. To the extent the lives of the loans in the portfolio extend beyond the period for which a reasonable and supportable forecast can be made, the model reverts back to the historical rates of default and severity of loss. Qualitative factors include: •Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses; •Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; •Changes in interest rates; •Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic factors; •Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans; •Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans; •Lack of current financial information; •Competition, legal, and regulatory; and •Changes in the value of underlying collateral.
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| Fair Value Measurement | Under fair value measurement and disclosure authoritative guidance, we group assets and liabilities measured at fair value into three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded, and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value, based on the prioritization of inputs in the valuation techniques. These levels are:
The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Transfers between measurement levels are recognized at the end of reporting periods. Fair value measurement requires the use of an exit price notion which may differ from entrance pricing. Generally, we believe our assets and liabilities classified as Level 1 or Level 2 approximate an exit price notion.
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| Earnings Per Share | Basic earnings per common share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share includes additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may be issued relate solely to outstanding shares in the Directors Plan and grant awards under the RSP. Earnings per common share have been computed based on the following for the:
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