NOTE 8 – CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The total number of shares of stock which the corporation shall have authority to issue is 160,000,000 shares, of which 150,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value shall be designated as common stock and 10,000,000 shares of $0.0001 shall be designated as preferred stock. The preferred stock authorized by the Company’s Articles of Incorporation may be issued in one or more series. The Board of Directors of the Corporation is authorized to determine or alter the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions granted or imposed upon any wholly unissued series of preferred stock, and within the limitations or restrictions stated in any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors originally fixing the number of shares constituting any series, to increase or decrease (but not below the number of shares of any such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any such series subsequent to the issue of shares of that series, to determine the designation and par value of any series and to fix the numbers of shares of any series.

Common Stock - As of March 31, 2025, the Company had 3,364,939 shares of its common stock issued and outstanding, and on December 31, 2024, the Company had 2,116,191 shares of its common stock issued and outstanding. All share amounts have been adjusted for the Company’s 20-1 reverse stock split effective December 31, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no capital distributions.

On June 16, 2023, the Company completed a public offering issuing 107,500 shares of our common stock, 67,500 pre-funded warrants, 153,125 Series A Warrants and 153,125 Series B Warrants, for net proceeds of approximately $3.0 million, after offering costs. The pre- funded warrants are immediately exercisable, at a price of $0.0001 per share, with no expiration date. The Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants are referred to herein together as the “Series Warrants.” The shares of common stock and Series Warrants were purchased together and then immediately separable and were issued separately. Each Series Warrant to purchase one share of common stock has an exercise price of $33.00 per share, and is initially exercisable commencing six months from the date of the offering. The Series Warrants are exercisable for a term of five years following the initial exercise date. As of December 31, 2024, all of the pre-funded warrants had been exercised for a total of 175,000 shares of common stock issued as a result of the public offering.

On December 28, 2023, the Company granted pre-funded warrants exercisable to acquire up to 60,000 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $1,200,000. The pre-funded common stock purchase warrants can be exercised at a price of $0.0001 per share, with no expiration date. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company and the third-party borrower agreed to amend the note as a result of the decline in the publicly traded common stock price. The amount of pre-funded warrants exercisable to acquire up to 60,000 shares of common stock was amended to 100,000 shares of common stock, and the total principal balance of the note agreement was increased from $1,000,000 to $1,100,000. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant was partially pre-funded in connection with $100,000 and a $1,100,000 subscription receivable at a 6% per annum interest rate due on November 29, 2024. On August 12, 2024, the third-party assigned shares of common stock in a privately held company for the equivalent amount of principal and accrued interest owed, which satisfied the subscription receivable in full. See Note 10, Investments, for additional information.

On February 8, 2024, the Company granted pre-funded warrants exercisable to acquire up to 200,000 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $2,400,000. The pre-funded common stock purchase warrants can be exercised at a price of $0.0001 per share, with no expiration date. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant was partially pre-funded in connection with $500,000 and a $1,900,000 subscription receivable at a 6% per annum interest rate due on December 31, 2024. On August 12, 2024, the third-party assigned shares of common stock in a privately held company for the equivalent amount of principal and accrued interest owed, which satisfied the subscription receivable in full. See Note 10, Investments, for additional information.

Treasury Stock – There was no treasury stock at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Preferred Stock – The Company has 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, of which 10,000 have been designated as Series A preferred stock. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 6,520 shares of Series A preferred stock issued and outstanding, and at March 31, 2025, the Company had 3,800 shares of Series A preferred stock issued and outstanding.

On June 13, 2024, the Company performed an initial Series A preferred stock closing and raised $4.3 million in a sale to accredited investors (collectively, the “Series A Investors”) of 4,300 shares of the Company’s series A preferred stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, in a financing led by CJC Investment Trust, an entity controlled by board member Christopher Calise, in a combination of cash and short- term collateralized promissory notes. The series A investors also received non-voting equity ownership interest in the Company’s two newly formed subsidiaries, SNAP Biosciences Inc. and GEAR Therapeutics Inc.

On July 31, 2024, the Company performed a second closing as part of its series A preferred stock offering and raised $1.3 million, at a purchase price of $1,000 per share.

On September 4, 2024, the Company performed a third closing as part of its series A preferred stock offering and raised $225,000, at a purchase price of $1,000 per share.

On December 23, 2024, the Company performed a fourth closing as part of its series A preferred stock offering and raised $695,000 at a purchase price of $1,000 per share.

On February 6, 2025, the Company completed its successful closure of the remaining $5.7 million of its Series A preferred stock offering, completing the total $10.0 million financing round. This includes the $250,000 subscription receivable recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2025.

Throughout the quarter ended March 31, 2025, 6,200 shares of the 10,000 series A preferred shares were converted to common stock.

The series A investors currently have an aggregate 15% non-voting equity ownership interest in the Company’s two newly formed subsidiaries, SNAP Biosciences Inc. and GEAR Therapeutics Inc.

The key terms of the Series A Preferred Stock are as follows:

Conversion. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder, subject to the beneficial ownership and, if applicable, the primary market limitations described below, into such number of shares of the Company’s common stock as is equal to the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be converted, multiplied by the stated value of $1,000 (the “Stated Value”), divided by the then conversion price. The initial conversion price is $0.40 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, and similar transactions. In addition, the Series A Preferred Stock will automatically convert into shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to the beneficial ownership and, if applicable, the primary market limitations described below upon the consummation of a fundraising transaction in which the Company raises gross proceeds of at least $20 million.

Rank. The Series A Preferred Stock will be senior to the Company’s common stock and any other class of the Company’s capital stock that is not by its terms senior to or pari passu with the Series A Preferred Stock.

Dividends. The holders of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to dividends equal, on an as-if-converted to shares of the Company’s common stock basis (in each case after applying the beneficial ownership and, if applicable, the primary market limitations described below), to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Company’s common stock when, as, and if such dividends are declared on shares of the Company’s common stock.

Liquidation. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding will be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders, before any payment shall be made to the holders of the Company’s common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) the Stated Value, plus any dividends accrued but unpaid thereon, or (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series A Preferred Stock been converted (in each case after applying the beneficial ownership and, if applicable, the primary market limitations described below) into the Company’s common stock immediately prior to such event.

Voting. On any matter to be acted upon or considered by the stockholders of the Company, each holder of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote on an “as converted” basis (after applying the beneficial ownership and primary market limitations described below).

Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The Company will not affect any conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, and a holder will not have the right to receive dividends or convert any portion of its Series A Preferred Stock, to the extent that prior to the conversion such holder (together with such holder’s affiliates, and any persons acting as a group together with such holder or any of the holder’s affiliates) beneficially owns less than 20% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and, after giving effect to the receipt of dividends or the conversion, the holder (together with such holder’s affiliates, and any persons acting as a group together with such holder or any of the holder’s affiliates) would beneficially own 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

Exchange Limitation. Unless the approval of the Company’s stockholders is not required by the applicable rules of Nasdaq for issuances of the Company’s common stock in excess of 19.99% of the outstanding common stock as of June 14, 2024 (the “Market Limit”), or unless the Company has obtained such approval, the Company shall not affect any conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, including, without limitation, any automatic conversion, and a holder shall not have the right to receive dividends on or convert any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock, to the extent that, after giving effect to the receipt of the Company’s common stock in connection with such dividends or conversion, the holder would have received in excess of its pro rata share of the Market Limit.

Stock Based Compensation –

Stock Based Compensation

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity is as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $597,791 and $96,889, respectively, for stock-based compensation expense related to stock options. As of March 31, 2025, unamortized stock-based compensation for stock options was $1,799,928 to be recognized through December 31, 2027.

The options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions:

Options/Stock Awards – On March 4, 2025, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 87,375 shares of our common stock under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, to various officers, directors, employees and consultants, at an average exercise price of $10.52 per share. On January 6, 2025, the Company granted a stand-alone option to a consultant to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.72 per share. The options are fully vested and carry a one-year term. On June 13, 2024, the Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) of the Company’s Board of Directors, and the Board of Directors, approved the grant to David Mehalick, the Company’s CEO, under the Company’s 2022 equity incentive plan, of options exercisable to acquire up to 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price $6.20 per share. The options are fully vested and carry a 10-year term. On January 10, 2024, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 1,535,000 shares of our common stock under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, to various officers, directors, employees and consultants, at an average exercise price of $0.65 per share. On January 27, 2023, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 67,875 shares of our common stock under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, to various officers, directors, employees and consultants, at an average exercise price of $32.60 per share. The Company had also granted a stand-alone option to a former employee to purchase up to 5,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $200 per share, however, the stand-alone option expired by its terms on January 31, 2024. On October 2, 2023, the Company granted additional options to purchase an aggregate of 15,000 shares of our common stock to two employees at an average price of $21.40.

Common Stock Warrants –

All common stock warrants outstanding, are listed in the table below:

Subscription receivable – In September 2023, the Company agreed to issue 25,000 shares of common stock to the borrower for a principal sum amount of $500,000. On August 12, 2024, the Company was transferred and assigned $522,667, the sum of principal and accrued interest owed as of June 30, 2024, of shares of common stock in a privately held company by the third-party borrower. As a result of this assignment agreement, the subscription receivable is paid in full, and $522,667 is recorded as an investment at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In September 2023, the Company agreed to issue 100,000 shares of common stock to the borrower for a principal sum amount of $2,000,000. On August 12, 2024, the Company was transferred and assigned $2,090,667, the sum of principal and accrued interest owed, of shares of common stock in a privately held company by the third-party borrower. As a result of this assignment agreement, the subscription receivable is paid in full, and $2,090,667 is recorded as an investment at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In December 2023, the Company agreed to grant pre-funded warrants exercisable to acquire up to 60,000 shares of common stock to the borrower for a principal sum amount of $1,000,000. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company and the third-party borrower agreed to amend the note as a result of the decline in the publicly traded common stock price. The amount of pre-funded warrants exercisable to acquire up to 60,000 shares of common stock was amended to 100,000 shares of common stock, and the total principal balance of the note agreement was increased from $1,000,000 to $1,100,000. On August 12, 2024, the Company was transferred and assigned $1,132,869, the sum of principal and accrued interest owed, of shares of common stock in a privately held company by the third-party borrower. As a result of this assignment agreement, the subscription receivable is paid in full, and $1,132,869 is recorded as an investment at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In February 2024, the Company agreed to grant pre-funded warrants exercisable to acquire up to 200,000 shares of common stock to the borrower for a principal sum amount of $1,900,000. On August 12, 2024, the Company was transferred and assigned $1,944,879, the sum of principal and accrued interest owed, of shares of common stock in a privately held company by the third-party borrower. As a result of this assignment agreement, the subscription receivable is paid in full, and $1,944,879 is recorded as an investment at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In June 2024, in connection with the Company’s series A preferred stock offering, the Company closed on subscription agreements totaling $2,100,000, which the Company collected in full in February 2025.

At March 31, 2025, the Company recorded subscription receivable of $250,000 resulting from two Series A subscription agreements where preferred shares have been issued as part of the February 6, 2025 closing.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement – On November 1, 2024, the Company entered into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) with Yorkville pursuant to which the Company has the right to sell to Yorkville up to $20,000,000 of common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA, from time to time during the term of the SEPA. The Company also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with Yorkville pursuant to which it will register the resale of shares of common stock issued to Yorkville pursuant to the SEPA. Sales of common stock to Yorkville under the SEPA, and the timing of any such sales, are at the Company’s option, and the Company is under no obligation to sell common stock to Yorkville under the SEPA, except in connection with notices that may be submitted by Yorkville in certain circumstances as described below.

Each advance (each, an “Advance”) the Company requests in writing to Yorkville under the SEPA (notice of such request, an “Advance Notice”) may be for a number of shares of common stock up to such amount as is equal to 100% of the average daily volume traded of the common stock during the five trading days immediately prior to the date the Company requests each Advance. The shares of common stock purchased pursuant to an Advance delivered by the Company will be purchased at a price equal to 95% of the lowest daily VWAP of the shares of common stock during the three consecutive trading days commencing on the date of the delivery of the Advance Notice, other than the daily VWAP on a day in which the daily VWAP is less than a minimum acceptable price as stated by the Company in the Advance Notice or there is no VWAP on the subject trading day. The Company may establish a minimum acceptable price in each Advance Notice below which the Company will not be obligated to make any sales to Yorkville. “VWAP” is defined as the daily volume weighted average price of the shares of Common Stock for such trading day on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P.

The SEPA will automatically terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) December 1, 2027, provided that the Convertible Note (defined in Note 5) has been fully repaid or (ii) the date on which the Company shall have made full payment of Advances pursuant to the SEPA. The Company has the right to terminate the SEPA at no cost or penalty upon five trading days’ prior written notice to Yorkville, provided that there are no outstanding Advance Notices for which shares of common stock need to be issued and the Company has paid all amounts owed to Yorkville pursuant to the Convertible Note. The Company and Yorkville may also agree to terminate the SEPA by mutual written consent.

Any purchase under an Advance would be subject to certain limitations, including that Yorkville shall not purchase or acquire any shares that would result in it and its affiliates beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the then outstanding voting power or number of shares of common stock or any shares that, aggregated with shares issued under all other earlier Advances, would exceed 19.99% of all shares of common stock outstanding on the date of the SEPA (the “Exchange Cap”), unless the Company obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules.

In connection with the execution of the SEPA, the Company agreed to pay a commitment fee of $200,000 to Yorkville, payable as follows: (i) $80,000 payable when the SEPA was entered into, in the form of the issuance of 20,000 shares of common stock, representing $80,000 divided by the closing price as of the trading day immediately prior to the date of the SEPA, and (ii) $120,000 payable in cash or by way of an Advance on the date upon which the Company has first received Advances in the aggregate amount of $5,000,000.

Additionally, Yorkville agreed to advance to the Company, in exchange for the Convertible Note, an aggregate principal amount of $1,304,758 (see Note 5 for a description of the Convertible Note). At any time while the SEPA is in place that there is a balance outstanding under the Convertible Note, Yorkville may deliver a notice (an “Investor Notice”) to the Company to cause an Advance Notice to be deemed delivered to Yorkville and the issuance and sale of shares of Common Stock to Yorkville pursuant to an Advance. Yorkville may select the amount of the Advance in an amount not to exceed the balance owed under the Convertible Note outstanding on the date of delivery of such Investor Notice. The shares will be issued and sold to Yorkville pursuant to an Investor Notice at a per share price equal to the conversion price that would be applicable to the amount of the Advance selected by Yorkville if such amount were to be converted as of the date of delivery of the Investor Notice. Yorkville will pay the purchase price for such shares to be issued pursuant to the Investor Notice by offsetting the amount of the purchase price to be paid by Yorkville against an amount outstanding under the Yorkville Note.

Additionally, the Company, at its option, shall have the right, but not the obligation, to redeem early a portion or all amounts outstanding under the Convertible Note at a redemption amount equal to the outstanding principal balance being repaid or redeemed, plus a 5% prepayment premium, plus all accrued and unpaid interest; provided that (i) the Company provides Yorkville with no less than ten trading days’ prior written notice thereof and (ii) on the date such notice is issued, the VWAP of the common stock is less than the Fixed Price.