Note 13. Stock Based Compensation

The Company has established a Company an incentive plan, 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The plan grants incentives to select persons who can make, are making and continue to make substantial contributions to the growth and success of the Company, to attract and retain the employment and services of such persons and to encourage and reward such contributions by providing these individuals with an opportunity to acquire or increase stock ownership in the Company through either the grant of options or restructured stock. The 2019 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee or such other committee as is appointed by the Board of Directors pursuant to the 2019 Plan (the “Committee”). The Committee has full authority to administer and interpret the provisions of the 2019 Plan including, but not limited to, the authority to make all determinations with regard to the terms and conditions of an award made under the 2019 Plan. On February 8, 2021, the Shareholders consented, and the Board of Directors approved, the amendment of the 2019 Plan to increase the maximum number of Shares that may be issued thereunder by 138,889 Shares to 277,778 Shares. On May 24, 2022, the Shareholders consented, and the Board of Directors approved the amendment of the 2019 Plan to increase the maximum number of Shares that may be issued thereunder by 222,222 Shares to 500,000 Shares.

The Board of Directors of the Company may from time to time, in its discretion grant to directors, officers, consultants and employees of the Company, non-transferable options to purchase common shares. The options are exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of the grant.

The following table reflects the continuity of stock options for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

The average fair value of stock options granted was estimated to be 3.40 per share for the period ended June 30, 2024, and the closing stock price on June 30, 2024, was $7.20 per common share.

The average fair value of stock options granted was estimated to be $92.60 per share for the period ended June 30, 2023, and the closing stock price on June 30, 2023, was approximately $45.00 per common share.

Stock-based compensation expense attributable to stock options was approximately $1,169,803 and $3,664,500 for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, there was approximately $265,200 unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options outstanding, and the weighted average vesting period for those options was 2 years.

The value of each grant is estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option model with the following assumptions for options granted during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

The basis for the above assumptions are as follows: the dividend rate is based upon the Company’s history of dividends; the risk-free interest rate for periods within the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant; the expected term was calculated based on the Company’s historical pattern of options granted and the period of time they are expected to be outstanding; and expected volatility was calculated based upon historical trends in the Company’s stock prices.

Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Based on historical experience of forfeitures, the Company estimated forfeitures at 0% for each of the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

There were 213,214 shares available for issuance as of November 11, 2024, under the 2019 Plan as amended.