v3.25.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

a)Basis of presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

b)Principles of consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances between the Company, and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 

c)Use of estimates

 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, the valuation of accounts receivable, prepayments, and other receivables, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, the recoverability of long-lived assets and provision necessary for contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

d)Cash

 

Cash include cash on hand, cash accounts, interest bearing savings accounts. The Group maintains most of the bank accounts in the PRC. Cash balances in bank accounts in PRC are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or other programs.

 

e)Accounts receivable, net

 

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at original invoiced amount less an estimated allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Group usually determines the adequacy of reserves for doubtful accounts based on individual account analysis and historical collection trends. The Group establishes a provision for doubtful receivables when there is objective evidence that the Group may not be able to collect amounts due. The allowance is based on management’s best estimates of specific losses on individual exposures, as well as a provision on historical trends of collections. Based on management of customers’ credit and ongoing relationship, management makes conclusions whether any balances outstanding at the end of the period will be deemed uncollectible on an individual basis and on aging analysis basis. The provision is recorded against accounts receivables balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable. The Group considers there is no allowance for doubtful accounts for the year ended March 31, 2025 and $162,500 allowance for doubtful accounts for the year ended March 31, 2024.

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

f)Long-term investment

 

Long-term investments represent the Group’s investment in privately held company. The Group applies the equity method of accounting to account for an equity investment, in common stock or in-substance common stock, according to ASC Topic 323, Investment—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323”), over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control. Under the equity method, the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the equity investees are recorded in share of results of equity investees in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) and its share of post-acquisition movements of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a component of shareholders’ equity. The Group records its share of the results of equity investments on one quarter in arrears basis. The excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the underlying equity in net assets of the equity investee represents goodwill and intangible assets acquired. When the Group’s share of losses in the equity investee equals or exceeds its interest in the equity investee, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless the Group has incurred obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of the equity investee, or the Group holds other investments in the equity investee.

 

g)Property and equipment, net

 

Property and equipment are recorded at cost including the cost of improvements and stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are provided on the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 

Server hardware   5 years
Vehicles   5 years

 

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterment which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income in other income or expenses.

 

Direct costs that are related to the construction of property and equipment and incurred in connection with bringing the assets to their intended use are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress is transferred to specific property and equipment, and the depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

 

h)Intangible assets, net

 

Intangible assets with definite lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated average useful lives, which are as follows:

 

Acquired software   5 years
Purchased courseware   5 years
Copyrights   5 years

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

i)Lease

 

Leases are classified at lease commencement date as either a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease is a finance lease if it meets any of the following criteria: (a) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term. (b) the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (c) the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (d) the present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset or (e) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. When none of the foregoing criteria is met, the lease shall be classified as an operating lease.

 

For a lessee, a lease is recognized as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding liability at lease commencement date. The lease liability is calculated at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid by using the lease term and discount rate determined at lease commencement. The right-of-use asset is calculated as the lease liability, increased by any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments, reduced by any lease incentives received before lease commencement. The right-of-use asset itself is amortized on a straight-line basis unless another systematic method better reflects how the underlying asset will be used by and benefits the lessee over the lease term.

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this ASU require an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months. Recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. The amendments also require certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted ASC 842, effective as of the beginning of the first period presented, by using a modified retrospective transition approach in the accompanying financial statements of the Company. The adoption of this standard had an immaterial impact on the Company’s financial position, with no material impact on the results of operations and cash flows.

 

j)Impairment of long-lived assets

 

The Group evaluates its long-lived assets with finite lives for impairment in accordance with ASC 360-10 whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment by comparing carrying amount of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived assets over their fair value.

 

k) Convertible Bonds

 

Per the ASU 2020-06, it simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. A debt with an embedded conversion feature shall be accounted for in its entirety as a liability and no portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the convertible debt instrument shall be accounted for as attributable to the conversion feature. Convertible bond will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost.

 

l)Fair value of financial instruments

 

The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the exchange price that would be received from an asset or paid to transfer a liability (as exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments and market rates of interest.

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

ASC 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

 

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
  
Level 2 - Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
  
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

 

The Group considers the carrying amount of its financial assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepayment and other current asset, other receivables, related party receivable, accounts payable, other payable and related party payable approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 owing to their short-term nature or present value of the assets and liabilities.

 

m)Revenue recognition

 

The Group has adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) effective as of April 1, 2018. The Group has chosen to use the full retrospective transition method, under which it is required to revise its consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017, as if ASC 606 had been effective for those periods. Under ASC 606, the Group recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Group expects to receive in exchange for the goods. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606, the Group performs the following five steps: (1) identify the contracts with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Group applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods it transfers to the customer.

 

The Company’s revenue is principally derived from technology services including software development as well as comprehensive cloud services for private companies, academic institutions and government agencies in PRC, which is recognized proportionally over the time throughout service period. As the Company was obliged to perform the services and the transaction prices were determined by the Company and customers, the Company recognized the revenue as a principal.

 

The Company also generates revenue from software system sales for the purpose of intelligent office operation, resource scheduling and management for private companies in PRC. The product sales revenue is recognized upon the time the customer signs the acceptance note. As the Company was obliged to provide the products and the transaction prices were determined by the Company and customers, the Company recognized the revenue as a principal.

 

The Company also generated revenue from the rendering of education services as principal to the members through an online education platform under Wuxi Wangdao prior to the termination of VIE on March 17, 2025. The Company recognizes service revenues on a gross basis as the Company is responsible to fulfill the promise to provide specified services. Revenues are recognized proportionally over the time throughout the service period or the VIE termination date, March 17, 2025, whichever is earlier. Upon the termination of VIE, the Company is no longer responsible for remaining unfulfilled performance obligations related to education services generated from the online education platform under Wuxi Wangdao.

 

Consistent with the criteria of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), the Group recognizes revenues when the Group satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised service to a customer. In accordance with ASC 606, the Group evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of education services and related costs or the net amount earned as revenue. As the Group obtains control of the specified education services before they are transferred to the customers, thus the revenues should be recognized in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the specified services transferred.

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

n)Cost of revenue

 

Cost of revenue is mainly composed of a copyright fee and related expenses for courseware and content development, website maintenance and information technology technicians and other employees, depreciation and amortization expenses, server management and bandwidth service fees paid to third-party providers and other miscellaneous expenses.

 

o)Allowance for expected losses

 

Accounts receivable are recorded at original invoiced amount less an estimated allowance for uncollectible accounts. The management determines the adequacy of allowance for expected losses based on individual account analysis and historical collection situation. When the management believes an allowance is necessary, the allowance is provided against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the statement of income. Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for expected losses when the collection is not probable. The Group considers there is no allowance and $162,500 for expected losses for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

p)Employee benefit expenses

 

All eligible employees of the Group are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, welfare subsidies, unemployment insurance, pension benefits and housing funds through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan and accrues for these benefits based on certain percentages of the qualified employees’ salaries. The Group recorded employee benefit expenses $101,196 and $125,461 of for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

The Company grants share-based compensation to the management. The ordinary shares of the Company will be vested on the maturity date as assigned on bonus letter to the management, subject to their remaining in the continuous service of the Company or its affiliates on such date. The Company recorded employee benefit expenses over the period of service term as assigned in the bonus letter.

 

q)Selling and marketing expenses

 

Selling and marketing are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC 720-35. Among these, marketing and promotion costs were $557 and $31,990 for years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

r)Research and development costs

 

Research and development expenses consist of compensations and benefit expenses to the technology development personnel. Research and development expenses are primarily incurred in the development of new features and general improvement of the technology infrastructure to support its business operations. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred unless such costs qualify for capitalization as software development costs. In order to qualify for capitalization, (i) the preliminary project should be completed, (ii) management has committed to funding the project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended, and (iii) it will result in significant additional functionality in the Group’s services. No research and development costs were capitalized for all years presented as the Group has not met all of the necessary capitalization requirements.

 

s)Income taxes

 

The Group follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 (“ASC 740”), Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Group records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rate is recognized in tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date of the change in tax rate.

 

The Group accounted for uncertainties in income taxes in accordance with ASC 740. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit recognized in accordance with ASC 740 are classified in the consolidated statements of income as income tax expense.

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Uncertain tax positions

 

The guidance on accounting for uncertainties in income taxes prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Guidance also applies to the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Group’s uncertain tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. The Group recognizes interest and penalties, if any, under accrued expenses and other current liabilities on its balance sheet and under other expenses in its consolidated statement of operations. There were no interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.

 

t)Value added tax (“VAT”)

 

The Group is subject to VAT and related surcharges on revenue generated from the rendering of education services to the members through online education platform. The Group records revenue net of output VAT. This output VAT may be offset by qualified input VAT paid by the Group to suppliers. Net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is recorded in the line item of tax payable on the consolidated balance sheets.

 

The Group is subject to VAT at the rate of 6% depending on whether the entity is a general tax payer, and related surcharges on revenue generated from providing services. Entities that are VAT general taxpayers are allowed to offset qualified input VAT, paid to suppliers against their output VAT liabilities.

 

u)Ordinary Shares

 

The Company accounts for repurchased ordinary shares under the cost method and include such treasury shares as a component of the common shareholders’ equity. Cancellation of treasury shares is recorded as a reduction of ordinary shares, additional paid-in capital and retained earnings, as applicable. An excess of purchase price over par value is allocated to additional paid-in capital first with any remaining excess charged entirely to retained earnings.

 

v)Related parties

 

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.

 

w)Statutory reserves

 

The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are required to make appropriations to certain non-distributable reserve funds.

 

In accordance with China’s Company Laws, the Company’s PRC subsidiary that are Chinese companies, must make appropriations from their after-tax profit (as determined under the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises as promulgated by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC GAAP”)) to non-distributable reserve funds including (i) statutory surplus fund and (ii) discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be at least 10% of the after-tax profits calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the respective company. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the respective company.

 

Pursuant to the laws applicable to China’s Foreign Investment Enterprises, the Company’s subsidiaries that are foreign investment enterprises in China have to make appropriations from their after-tax profit (as determined under PRC GAAP) to reserve funds including (i) general reserve fund, (ii) enterprise expansion fund and (iii) staff bonus and welfare fund. The appropriation to the general reserve fund must be at least 10% of the after tax profits calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the reserve fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the respective company. Appropriations to the other two reserve funds are at the respective company’s discretion. The use of the general reserve fund, statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted to the offsetting of losses to increase the registered capital of the respective company. These reserves are not allowed to be transferred out as cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except under liquidation.

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

x)Earnings per share

 

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as Net profit divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

 

y)Foreign currency translation

 

The Group’s principal country of operations is the PRC. The financial position and results of its operations are determined using RMB, the local currency, as the functional currency. The consolidated financial statements are reported using U.S. Dollars as the reporting currency. The results of operations and the statement of cash flows denominated in foreign currency are translated at the average rate of exchange during the reporting period. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are translated at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. The equity denominated in the functional currency is translated at the historical rate of exchange at the time of capital contribution. Because cash flows are translated based on the average translation rate, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in consolidated statements of changes in equity. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

 

The value of RMB against U.S. Dollar may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of RMB may materially affect the Group’s consolidated financial condition in terms of reporting. The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in the consolidated financial statements:

 

   March 31, 2025  March 31, 2024  March 31, 2023
Year-end spot rate  US$1= 7.1782 RMB  US$1= 7.0950 RMB  US$1= 6.8717 RMB
Average rate  US$1= 7.1349 RMB  US$1= 7.1157 RMB  US$1= 6.8855 RMB

 

 

z)Comprehensive income / (loss)

 

Comprehensive income/(loss) is defined as the changes in shareholders’ equity during a period arising from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive income or loss is reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss). Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), as presented on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consists of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

aa) Dividends

 

Dividends are recognized when declared. No dividends were declared for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Group does not have any present plan to pay any dividends on ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. The Group currently intends to retain the available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand the business.

 

ab) Warrants

 

According to the SPA, the Company issued a purchase right to the Investor under which the Company will issue predetermined ordinary shares for a fixed cash consideration at a future date (the “Warrants”).

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The Warrants were accounted for as equity instruments to the Company, since:

 

i)The Warrants were indexed to the Company’s own stock, since:

 

The Warrants will be exercised upon the ODI approval, which is not based on an observable market, or an observable index.
   
The exercise price is fixed by the SPA and Supplement Agreement, and the number of Underlying Shares to be issued is also fixed divided by the fixed purchase price per share.

 

ii)The Warrants were classified in shareholders’ equity, since:

 

The Warrants will be settled only by gross physical delivery of ordinary shares by the Company.
   
The Company has the ability to settle the Private Placement in ordinary shares.
   
The number of Underlying Shares to be issued is explicitly fixed at the total consideration divided by the fixed purchase price per share, with no adjustment provision.
   
No requirement for cash settlement in the agreements.
   
There are no cash settled top-off or make-whole provisions.

 

ac)Segment reporting

 

In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Group has only one reportable segment since the Group does not distinguish revenues, costs and expenses by operating segments in its internal reporting, and reports costs and expenses by nature as a whole. The Group’s CODM, who has been identified as the CEO, reviews the consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group as a whole. As the Group generates all of its revenue in the PRC, no geographical segments are presented. For segment information, the primary financial statements are to be referred as the Group only has one single reportable segment.

 

ad)Concentration of risks

 

Exchange Rate Risks

 

The Company’s Chinese subsidiaries may be exposed to significant foreign currency risks from fluctuations and the degree of volatility of foreign exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the RMB. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the RMB denominated cash and cash equivalents amounted to $979,005 and $486,663, respectively.

 

Currency Convertibility Risks

 

Substantially all of the Group’s operating activities are transacted in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the People’s Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People’s Bank of China or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with other information such as suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.

 

 

SKILLFUL CRAFTSMAN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Concentration of Credit Risks

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to concentration of credit risks consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable, the balances of which stated on the consolidated balance sheets represented the Group’s maximum exposure. The Group places its cash and cash equivalents in good credit quality financial institutions in China. In China, the insurance coverage of each bank is RMB 500,000 (approximately $72,000). Management believes that the credit risk on cash in bank is limited because the counterparties are recognized financial institutions.

 

These service fees are collected by Union Pay, a financial institution of high credit quality, in lump-sum for a specific contracted service period when the service contract is signed, and all the remaining amount would be settled within 2-3 days.

 

ae)Risks and uncertainties

 

The operations of the Group are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Group’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy. The Group’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political, regulatory and social conditions in the PRC. Although the Group has not experienced losses from these situations and believes that it is in compliance with existing laws and regulations including its organization and structure disclosed in Note 1, this may not be indicative of future results.

 

af)Recently announced accounting standards

 

The Group considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASU”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

 

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses: The amendments in this ASU require public companies to disclose, in interim and year-end reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the financial statements. These disclosures are effective beginning with 2027 annual reports, and interim reports beginning with the first quarter of 2028. Early adoption is permitted on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of adoption of these provisions on the consolidated financial statements

 

The Group does not believe recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards would have a material effect on the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows.

 

ag)Recently adopted accounting standards

 

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The purpose of the amendment is to enable investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for the year ending March 31, 2025.

 

None of the new standards above have a material impact on the financial statement of the Company by the Company’s evaluation.

 

ah) Going Concern

 

These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which implies the Company will continue to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had accumulated losses of $4,232,288 since inception, a working capital deficit of $115,688, and negative operating cash flows of $831,606. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon financial support from its stockholders, the ability of the Company to obtain necessary equity financing to continue operations, and the attainment of profitable operations. However, the Company cannot be certain that such capital (from its shareholders or third parties) will be available to us or whether such capital will be available on terms that are acceptable to the Company. If we are unable to raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms, we will have insufficient funds to operate our business or pursue our planned growth. In considering our forecast for the next twelve months and the current cash and working capital as of the filing of this Form 20-F, such matters create a substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to meet their financial needs and continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts, or amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from this uncertainty.