The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state taxes with respect to its allocable share of any taxable income or loss of Holdings as well as any stand-alone income or loss it generates. Holdings is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal and most applicable state and local income tax purposes and generally does not pay income taxes in most jurisdictions. Instead, Holdings’ taxable income or loss is passed through to and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including the Company. Despite its status as a partnership in the U.S., Holdings’ foreign subsidiaries are taxable entities operating in foreign jurisdictions. As such, these foreign subsidiaries may record a tax expense or benefit in jurisdictions where a valuation allowance has not been recorded.

On December 13, 2021, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with the then-existing non-controlling interest holders (the “TRA”) that provides payments to be made to non-controlling interest holders of approximately 85% of the amount of any tax benefits realized by the Company as a result of increases in the Company’s share of the tax basis in the net assets of Holdings resulting from any redemptions of member units in exchange for Class A common stock or cash as well as tax basis increases attributable to payments made under the TRA. The Company expects to benefit from the remaining 15% of any tax benefits realized. No exchanges

of units occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, 1,946,408 units were redeemed which resulted in an increase in the tax basis of the Company’s investment in Holdings and generated additional deferred tax assets of $3.6 million and a liability under the TRA of $2.8 million.

On a quarterly basis, the Company estimates the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year and makes changes, if necessary, based on new information or events. The estimated annual effective tax rate is forecasted based on actual historical information and forward-looking estimates and is used to provide for income taxes in interim reporting periods. The Company also recognizes the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, such as the effects of changes in tax laws or rates and impacts from settlements with tax authorities, discretely in the quarter in which they occur. The Company recorded income tax expense of $2.2 million and $0.07 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $3.8 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company continues to evaluate its deferred tax assets each period to determine if a valuation allowance is required based on whether it is more likely than not that some portion of these deferred tax assets will not be realized. As part of the Company’s analysis, it considered both positive and negative factors that impact profitability and whether those factors would lead to a change in the estimate of its deferred tax assets that may be realized in the future. Based on the Company’s analysis, it has recorded a valuation allowance on its foreign deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2025. The Company will continue to assess the likelihood of the realization of its deferred tax assets and the valuation allowance will be adjusted accordingly.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "Act") was signed into law in the United States, which contains a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses, including the temporary and permanent extension of expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. Accordingly, the Company is currently evaluating the provisions of the Act including the potential implications for its deferred tax assets, valuation allowance assessments, and effective tax rate. At this time, the financial impact of the new legislation cannot be reasonably estimated.