v3.25.2
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
Loans Held for Sale
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, $2.08 billion in CCBX loans were transferred to loans held for sale, with $2.04 billion in loans sold. These loans were sold at par. The Company sells CCBX loans to manage loan portfolio size by partner and by loan category. Partner loan limits are established and documented in the relevant partner agreement. There were $60.5 million loans held for sale as of June 30, 2025 and $20.6 million loans held for sale as of December 31, 2024.
Loans Held for Investment
The composition of the loan portfolio is as follows as of the periods indicated:
June 30,December 31,
20252024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
Community Bank
Commercial and industrial loans$149,926 $150,395 
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land development loans194,150 148,198 
Residential real estate loans198,844 202,064 
Commercial real estate loans1,310,882 1,374,801 
Consumer and other loans:
Other consumer and other loans12,230 13,542 
Gross Community Bank loans receivable1,866,032 1,889,000 
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines$199,675 $109,017 
All other commercial & industrial loans
26,142 33,961 
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans234,786 267,707 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards533,925 528,554 
Other consumer and other loans686,321 664,780 
Gross CCBX loans receivable1,680,849 1,604,019 
Total gross loans receivable3,546,881 3,493,019 
Net deferred origination fees and premiums(6,551)(6,454)
Loans receivable$3,540,330 $3,486,565 
Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the balances in the preceding table of loans receivable, was $20.2 million and $20.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was included in accrued interest receivable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest on loans is net of an allowance of $602,000 and zero at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Included in commercial and industrial loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, is $199.7 million and $109.0 million, respectively in capital call lines, provided to venture capital firms through one of our BaaS clients. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards by our BaaS client and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every line/loan.
Consumer and other loans includes overdrafts of $14.6 million and $7.4 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Community bank overdrafts were $18,000 and $147,000 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively and CCBX overdrafts were $14.6 million and $7.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The Company has pledged loans totaling $918.1 million at June 30, 2025 and $933.9 million at December 31, 2024, for borrowing lines at the FHLB and FRB. Loans are pledged to increase and maintain the borrowing capacity of the Bank in the event of a liquidity crisis.
The balance of SBA and United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") loans and participations sold and serviced for others totaled $2.6 million and $4.1 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The gross balance of Main Street Lending Program (“MSLP”) loans participated and serviced for others, totaled $46.3 million at June 30, 2025 and $50.3 million at December 31, 2024, with $2.4 million in MSLP loans on the balance sheet and included in commercial and industrial loans at June 30, 2025 compared to $2.6 million at December 31, 2024. Servicing is retained on the gross balance.
The Company, through the Bank, at times purchases individual loans at fair value as of the acquisition date. The Company held purchased loans with remaining balances that totaled $4.5 million and $6.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Unamortized premiums on these loans totaled $87,000 and $117,000 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are amortized into interest income over the life of the loans. These loans are included in the applicable loan category depending upon the collateral and purpose of the individual loan.
The Company, through the Bank, has purchased participation loans with remaining balances totaling $27.2 million and $29.2 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These loans are included in the applicable loan category depending upon the collateral and purpose of the individual loan and underwritten to the Bank's credit standards.
The Company, through the Bank, purchased loans from CCBX partners, at par, through agreements with those CCBX partners, and those loans had a remaining balance of $157.0 million as of June 30, 2025 and $208.0 million as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, $153.6 million is included in consumer and other loans and $3.4 million is included in commercial and industrial loans, compared to $202.7 million in consumer and other loans and $5.4 million in commercial and industrial loans as of December 31, 2024.
The following is a summary of the Company’s loan portfolio segments:
Commercial and industrial loans – Commercial and industrial loans are secured by business assets including inventory, receivables and machinery and equipment of businesses located generally in the Company’s primary market area and capital calls on venture and investment funds. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are $26.1 million in unsecured CCBX partner loans. Loan types include revolving lines of credit, term loans, PPP loans, and loans secured by liquid collateral such as cash deposits or marketable securities. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are loans to other financial institutions. The Company issues letters of credit on behalf of its customers. Risk arises primarily due to the difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrowers. In addition, the recoverability of the Company’s investment in these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the recovery of the Company’s investment is dependent upon the borrower’s ability to collect amounts due from its customers.
As of June 30, 2025, $199.7 million in outstanding CCBX capital call lines are included in commercial and industrial loans compared to $109.0 million at December 31, 2024. Capital call lines are provided to venture capital firms and investment funds. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards by our CCBX partner and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every line/loan. These loans bear a lower rate of interest, but have less credit risk due to the way the loans are structured compared to other commercial loans.
Construction, land and land development loans – The Company originates loans for the construction of 1-4 family, multifamily, and Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) properties in the Company’s market area. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks primarily due to construction completion and timing risk, the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, government regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans, as adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market, which could affect the borrower’s ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. The Company occasionally originates land loans for the purpose of facilitating the ultimate construction of a home or commercial building. The primary risks include the borrower’s ability to pay and the inability of the Company to recover its investment due to a material decline in the fair value of the underlying collateral.
Residential real estate loans – Residential real estate includes various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. Included in this segment are first and second lien single family loans, occasionally purchased by the Company to diversify its loan portfolio, and rental portfolios secured by one-to-four family homes. The primary risks of residential real estate loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateral, and significant increases in interest rates which may make the loan unprofitable.
As of June 30, 2025, $234.8 million in loans originated through CCBX partners are included in residential real estate loans, compared to $267.7 million at December 31, 2024. These home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate and are accessed by using a credit card. Home equity lines of credit are classified as residential real estate per regulatory guidelines.
Commercial real estate (includes owner occupied and non-owner occupied) loans – Commercial real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. We have commercial mortgage loans totaling $380.8 million that are collateralized by owner-occupied real-estate and $553.9 million that are collateralized by non-owner-occupied real estate, as well as $363.7 million of multi-family residential loans and $12.4 million of farmland loans, as of June 30, 2025. The primary risks of commercial real estate loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateralized real estate and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate loan unprofitable. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy.
Consumer and other loans – The community bank originates a limited number of consumer loans, generally for banking customers only, which consist primarily of lines of credit, saving account secured loans, and auto loans. CCBX originates consumer loans including credit cards, consumer term loans and secured and unsecured lines of credit. This loan category includes overdrafts. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral, if any.
As of June 30, 2025, $1.22 billion in CCBX loans are included in consumer and other loans compared to $1.19 billion at December 31, 2024. Not included in this category are home equity lines of credit that are secured by residential real estate and are accessed by using a credit card of $234.8 million and $267.7 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These credit card accessed home equity lines of credit are classified as residential real estate per regulatory guidelines.
The following chart breaks out our consumer loan portfolio by segment and type of loan as of June 30, 2025. The largest portion of our consumer portfolio is comprised of CCBX installment loans and credit card loans. These loans are further divided to show the total secured and unsecured amounts in each of these categories. The average overall outstanding consumer loan balance is small at $895.
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)Outstanding Balance
% of Total Outstanding Balance Consumer Loans
Average Loan BalanceNumber of Loans
CCBX consumer loans
Installment loans - cash secured$128,861 10.5 %
Installment loans - unsecured542,228 43.9 
Installment loans - total671,089 54.4 $0.8 796,927
Credit cards - cash secured364 0.0 
Credit cards - unsecured533,561 43.3 
Credit cards - total533,925 43.3 1.6 337,749
Lines of credit676 0.1 0.9 715
Other loans14,556 1.2 0.1 240,653
Community bank consumer loans
Lines of credit178 0.0 5.7 31
Installment loans738 0.1 30.8 24
Other loans11,314 0.9 32.6 347
Total$1,232,476 100.0 %$0.9 1,376,446
The following chart breaks out our consumer loan portfolio by segment and type of loan as of December 31, 2024. The largest portion of our consumer portfolio is comprised of CCBX installment loans and credit card loans. These loans are further divided to show the total secured and unsecured amounts in each of these categories. The average overall outstanding consumer loan balance is small at $1,044.
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)Outstanding Balance
% of Total Outstanding Balance Consumer Loans
Average Loan BalanceNumber of Loans
CCBX consumer loans
Installment loans - cash secured$127,014 10.5 %
Installment loans - unsecured529,783 43.9 
Installment loans - total656,797 54.4 $1.0 690,596
Credit cards - cash secured211 0.0 
Credit cards - unsecured528,343 43.8 
Credit cards - total528,554 43.8 1.8 301,799
Lines of credit722 0.1 1.4 524
Other loans7,261 0.6 — 163,026
Community bank consumer loans
Lines of credit181 0.0 5.7 32
Installment loans1,917 0.2 68.5 28
Other loans11,444 0.9 30.6 374
Total$1,206,876 100.0 %$1.0 1,156,379
Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The following table illustrates an age analysis of past due loans as of the dates indicated:
30-89
Days Past
Due
90 Days
or More
Past Due
Total
Past Due
CurrentTotal
Loans
90 Days or
More Past
Due and
Still
Accruing
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
June 30, 2025
Community Bank
Commercial and industrial
   loans
$1,977 $93 $2,070 $147,856 $149,926 $— 
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and
   land development
— 1,697 1,697 192,453 194,150 — 
Residential real estate— — — 198,844 198,844 — 
Commercial real estate453 — 453 1,310,429 1,310,882 — 
Consumer and other loans17 — 17 12,213 12,230 — 
Total community bank$2,447 $1,790 $4,237 $1,861,795 $1,866,032 $— 
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines$— $— $— $199,675 $199,675 $— 
All other commercial &
   industrial loans
1,600 926 2,526 23,616 26,142 926 
Real estate loans:
Residential real
   estate loans
3,133 1,817 4,950 $229,836 $234,786 1,817 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards22,448 27,366 49,814 $484,111 $533,925 23,116 
Other consumer and
   other loans
25,049 6,808 31,857 654,464 686,321 6,775 
Total CCBX $52,230 $36,917 $89,147 $1,591,702 $1,680,849 $32,634 
Total Consolidated$54,677 $38,707 $93,384 $3,453,497 3,546,881 $32,634 
Less net deferred
   origination fees and
   premiums
(6,551)
Loans receivable$3,540,330 
30-89
Days Past
Due
90 Days
or More
Past Due
Total
Past Due
CurrentTotal
Loans
90 Days or
More Past
Due and
Still
Accruing
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
December 31, 2024
Community Bank
Commercial and industrial
   loans
$97 $— $97 $150,298 $150,395 $— 
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and
   land development
— — — 148,198 148,198 — 
Residential real estate— — — 202,064 202,064 — 
Commercial real estate— — — 1,374,801 1,374,801 — 
Consumer and other loans— 13,535 13,542 — 
Total community bank$104 $— $104 $1,888,896 $1,889,000 $— 
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines$— $— $— $109,017 $109,017 $— 
All other commercial &
   industrial loans
1,950 1,006 2,956 31,005 33,961 1,006 
Real estate loans:
Residential real
   estate loans
3,335 2,608 5,943 $261,764 $267,707 $2,608 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards27,652 36,505 64,157 $464,397 $528,554 $34,490 
Other consumer and
   other loans
19,840 5,224 25,064 $639,716 $664,780 $4,989 
Total CCBX52,777 45,343 98,120 1,505,899 1,604,019 43,093 
Total Consolidated52,881 45,343 98,224 3,394,795 3,493,019 43,093 
Less net deferred
   origination fees and
   premiums
(6,454)
Loans receivable$3,486,565 
There were $32.6 million in CCBX loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2025, and $43.1 million as of December 31, 2024. This is attributed to loans originated through CCBX lending partners which continue to accrue interest up to 180 days past due. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $31.6 million and $41.8 million, respectively of loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are covered by credit enhancements provided by our CCBX partners that protect the Bank against losses.
The accrual of interest on community bank loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due or when they are 90 days past due as to either principal or interest, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection.  Installment/closed-end, and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners typically continue to accrue interest until 120 and 180 days past due, respectively and an allowance is recorded through provision expense for these expected losses. Some CCBX partners have instituted a collection practice that places certain loans on nonaccrual status to improve collectibility. As of June 30, 2025, $20.1 million of these nonaccrual CCBX loans were less than 90 days past due, compared to $17.2 million as of December 31, 2024. For installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners with balances outstanding beyond 120 days and 180 days past due, respectively, principal and capitalized interest outstanding is charged off against the allowance and accrued interest outstanding is reversed against interest income. These consumer loans are reported as nonperforming/substandard, 90 days or more days past due and still accruing.
When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued interest is reversed from current period earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is removed, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least six months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual.
An analysis of nonaccrual loans by category consisted of the following at the periods indicated:
June 30,December 31,
20252024
Total NonaccrualNonaccrual with No ACLNonaccrual with
ACL
Total NonaccrualNonaccrual with No ACLNonaccrual with
ACL
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
Community Bank
Commercial and industrial loans$2,145 $2,052 $93 $100 $100 $— 
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land
   development
1,697 1,697 — — — — 
Total Community Bank nonaccrual loans$3,842 $3,749 $93 $100 $100 $— 
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans$188 $— $188 $234 $— $234 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards20,140 — 20,140 10,262 — 10,262 
Consumer and other consumer loans4,063 — 4,063 8,967 — 8,967 
Total CCBX nonaccrual loans$24,391 $— $24,391 $19,463 $— $19,463 
Total Consolidated nonaccrual loans$28,233 $3,749 $24,484 $19,563 $100 $19,463 
In some circumstances, the Company modifies loans in response to borrower financial difficulty, and generally provides for a temporary modification of loan repayment terms. In order for a modified loan to be considered for accrual status, the loan’s collateral coverage generally will be greater than or equal to 100% of the loan balance, the loan is current on payments, and the borrower must either prefund an interest reserve or demonstrate the ability to make payments from a verified source of cash flow for an extended period of time, usually at least six months in duration.
There was one modified loan for a community bank borrower experiencing financial difficulty in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and no community bank loans were modified in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company has no commitment to lend additional amounts to this borrower.
The following table presents the community bank loan that was both experiencing financial difficulty and was modified during the year by class and by type of modification for the periods indicated with the percentage of community bank loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the total of
each class of community bank loans. Also presented is the financial effect of the loan modification to the borrower experiencing financial difficulty for the year ended as indicated.
.
Financial Effect of the Loan Modifications
June 30, 2025Principal Forgiveness & Interest Rate ReductionTotalTotal Class of Financing ReceivablePrincipal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate Reduction
(dollars in thousands)
Community Bank
Commercial and industrial loans$91 $91 0.06 %$82 9.75 %
Total $91 $91 — %$82 9.75 %
December 31, 2024Principal Forgiveness & Interest Rate ReductionTotalTotal Class of Financing ReceivablePrincipal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate Reduction
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
Community Bank
Commercial and industrial loans$101 $101 0.07 %$82 9.75 %
Total$101 $101 0.01 %$82 9.75 %
The following table presents the CCBX loans at June 30, 2025 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and were modified during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2025 by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the total CCBX loans of each class is also presented below.
June 30, 2025Principal ForgivenessTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionPrincipal Forgiveness & Payment DelayTotalTotal Class of Financing Receivable
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$— $1,535 $— $149 $1,684 6.44 %
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards14,194 — 34,388 — 48,582 9.10 
Other consumer and other loans— 7,119 — 3,163 10,282 1.50 
Total $14,194 $8,654 $34,388 $3,312 $60,548 1.71 %
December 31, 2024Principal ForgivenessTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionPrincipal Forgiveness & Payment DelayPrincipal Forgiveness, Payment Delay & Term ExtensionTotalTotal Class of Financing Receivable
(dollars in thousands)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$— $1,790 $— $235 $— $2,025 5.96 %
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards11,067 — 17,287 — — 28,354 5.36 
Other consumer and other loans— 6,873 — 8,645 34 15,552 2.27 
Total $11,067 $8,663 $17,287 $8,880 $34 $45,931 1.32 %
The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $44,000 to the borrowers included in the table above as of June 30, 2025.
The performance of loans modified is monitored to understand the effectiveness of the modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that have been modified in the last 12 months:
June 30, 202530-89
Days Past
Due
90 Days
or More
Past Due
Total Past Due
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$403 $144 $547 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards15,498 12,886 28,384 
Other consumer and other loans1,593 576 2,169 
Total CCBX$17,494 $13,606 $31,100 
December 31, 202430-89
Days Past
Due
90 Days
or More
Past Due
Total Past Due
(dollars in thousands)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$281 $139 $420 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards9,436 11,181 20,617 
Other consumer and other loans1,055 388 1,443 
Total CCBX$10,772 $11,708 $22,480 
The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the preceding 12 months ended June 30, 2025:
June 30, 2025Principal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted Average Term Extension (years)
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$60 — %1.8
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards10,831 15.1 n/a
Other consumer and other loans4,809 — 2.0
Total CCBX$15,700 15.1 %1.9
December 31, 2024Principal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted Average Term Extension (years)
(dollars in thousands)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$138 — %1.4
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards7,938 14.6 n/a
Other consumer and other loans6,001 — 1.7
Total CCBX$14,077 14.6 %0.8
The following table presents the total of loans that had a payment default during the preceding 12 months ended June 30, 2025 and which were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the twelve months prior to that default.
June 30, 2025Principal ForgivenessTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionPrincipal Forgiveness & Payment DelayTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$— $957 $— $— $957 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards6,186 — 25,289 — 31,475 
Other consumer and other loans— 3,892 — 341 4,233 
Total$6,186 $4,849 $25,289 $341 $36,665 
December 31, 2024Principal ForgivenessTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionPrincipal Forgiveness & Payment DelayTotal
(dollars in thousands)
CCBX
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans
$— $1,070 $— $77 $1,147 
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards10,417 — 12,050 — 22,467 
Other consumer and other loans— 4,184 — 1,715 5,899 
Total$10,417 $5,254 $12,050 $1,792 $29,513 
Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. Therefore, the loan balance is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.
Credit Quality and Credit Risk
Federal regulations require that the Company periodically evaluate the risks inherent in its loan portfolio. In addition, the Company’s regulatory agencies have authority to identify problem loans and, if appropriate, require them to be reclassified. The Company establishes loan grades for loans at the origination of the loan. Changes to community bank loan grades are considered at the time new information about the performance of a loan becomes available, including the receipt of updated financial information from the borrower and after loan reviews. For consumer loans, the Bank follows the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy for subsequent classification in the event of payment delinquencies or default. Typically, an individual loan grade will not be changed from the prior period unless there is a specific indication of credit deterioration or improvement. Credit deterioration is evidenced by delinquency, direct communications with the borrower or other borrower information that becomes known to management. Credit improvements are evidenced by known facts regarding the borrower or the collateral property. The Company classifies some loans as Watch or Other Loans Especially Mentioned (“OLEM”). Loans classified as Watch are performing assets but have elements of risk that require more monitoring than other performing loans and are reported in the OLEM column in the following table. Loans classified as OLEM are assets that continue to perform but have shown deterioration in credit quality and require close monitoring. There are three classifications for problem loans: Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Substandard loans have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Revolving (open-ended loans, such as credit cards) and installment (closed end) consumer loans originated through CCBX partners typically continue to accrue interest until they are charged-off at 120 days past due for installment loans (primarily unsecured loans to consumers) and 180 days past due for revolving loans (primarily credit cards) and are classified as substandard once they are 90 days past due. CCBX partners may place certain loans on nonaccrual status prior to achieving these past due timelines. Doubtful loans have the weaknesses of loans classified as Substandard, with additional characteristics that suggest the weaknesses make collection or recovery in full after liquidation of collateral questionable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values. There is a high possibility of loss in loans classified as Doubtful. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continued classification of the credit as a loan is not warranted. If a loan or a portion thereof is classified as Loss, it must be charged-off, meaning the amount of the loss is charged against the allowance for credit losses, thereby reducing that reserve.
Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination.
The following tables show the risk category of community bank loans by year of origination for the periods indicated, based on the most recent analysis performed as of each period end:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Community Bank20252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of June 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial loans
Risk rating
Pass$39,115 $10,020 $41,508 $11,372 $3,900 $5,841 $31,011 $2,857 $145,624 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned97 17 — — 1,251 — 792 — 2,157 
Substandard— — — 1,961 — — 184 — 2,145 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial and industrial loans - All
   other commercial and industrial loans
$39,212 $10,037 $41,508 $13,333 $5,151 $5,841 $31,987 $2,857 $149,926 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Community Bank20252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of June 30, 2025
Real estate loans - Construction, land and land
development loans
Risk rating
Pass$79,500 $81,740 $22,106 $2,126 $742 $2,055 $3,518 $— $191,787 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned— — — 666 — — — — 666 
Substandard— — — 1,697 — — — — 1,697 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total real estate loans - Construction, land
   and land development loans
$79,500 $81,740 $22,106 $4,489 $742 $2,055 $3,518 $— $194,150 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Real estate loans - Residential real estate loans
Risk rating
Pass$13,465 $28,398 $36,027 $37,915 $24,061 $25,907 $30,548 $435 $196,756 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned— — — — — — 235 — 235 
Substandard1,853 — — — — — — — 1,853 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total real estate loans - Residential real
   estate loans
$15,318 $28,398 $36,027 $37,915 $24,061 $25,907 $30,783 $435 $198,844 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Real estate loans - Commercial real estate loans
Risk rating
Pass$134,993 $254,389 $263,092 $212,818 $118,643 $283,605 $11,032 $1,804 $1,280,376 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned15,378 — 8,788 3,469 149 2,722 — — 30,506 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total real estate loans - Commercial real
   estate loans
$150,371 $254,389 $271,880 $216,287 $118,792 $286,327 $11,032 $1,804 $1,310,882 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Community Bank20252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of June 30, 2025
Consumer and other loans - Other consumer and
other loans
Risk rating
Pass$212 $40 $8,254 $— $218 $3,325 $181 $— $12,230 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total consumer and other loans - Other
   consumer and other loans
$212 $40 $8,254 $— $218 $3,325 $181 $— $12,230 
Current period gross charge-offs$15 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $15 
Total community bank loans receivable
Risk rating
Pass$267,285 $374,587 $370,987 $264,231 $147,564 $320,733 $76,290 $5,096 $1,826,773 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned15,475 17 8,788 4,135 1,400 2,722 1,027 — 33,564 
Substandard1,853 — — 3,658 — — 184 — 5,695 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total community bank loans$284,613 $374,604 $379,775 $272,024 $148,964 $323,455 $77,501 $5,096 $1,866,032 
Current period gross charge-offs$15 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $15 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Community Bank20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial loans
Risk rating
Pass$12,016 $11,654 $43,490 $13,139 $8,109 $7,634 $31,022 $21,496 $148,560 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned— 18 — 38 — — 1,679 — 1,735 
Substandard— — — — — — 100 — 100 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial and industrial loans - All
   other commercial and industrial loans
$12,016 $11,672 $43,490 $13,177 $8,109 $7,634 $32,801 $21,496 $150,395 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $92 $— $— $— $167 $— $— $259 
Real estate loans - Construction, land and land
development loans
Risk rating
Pass$34,089 $70,297 $34,937 $4,501 $755 $2,180 $600 $— $147,359 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned— 160 — 679 — — — — 839 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total real estate loans - Construction, land
   and land development loans
$34,089 $70,457 $34,937 $5,180 $755 $2,180 $600 $— $148,198 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Community Bank20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of December 31, 2024
Real estate loans - Residential real estate loans
Risk rating
Pass$13,194 $30,332 $37,576 $37,834 $25,838 $27,159 $26,565 $15 $198,513 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned— — 1,084 — — 180 — 1,270 
Substandard2,281 — — — — — — — 2,281 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total real estate loans - Residential real
   estate loans
$15,475 $30,332 $38,660 $37,834 $25,844 $27,159 $26,745 $15 $202,064 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Real estate loans - Commercial real estate loans
Risk rating
Pass$96,199 $302,470 $279,902 $219,503 $129,904 $310,251 $8,982 $1,657 $1,348,868 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned15,359 — 3,184 5,248 156 1,986 — — 25,933 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total real estate loans - Commercial real
   estate loans
$111,558 $302,470 $283,086 $224,751 $130,060 $312,237 $8,982 $1,657 $1,374,801 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $41 $223 $— $— $264 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Community Bank20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of December 31, 2024
Consumer and other loans - Other consumer and
other loans
Risk rating
Pass$1,447 $53 $8,269 $$249 $3,337 $185 $— $13,542 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total consumer and other loans - Other
   consumer and other loans
$1,447 $53 $8,269 $$249 $3,337 $185 $— $13,542 
Current period gross charge-offs$31 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $31 
Total community bank loans receivable
Risk rating
Pass$156,945 $414,806 $404,174 $274,979 $164,855 $350,561 $67,354 $23,168 $1,856,842 
Other Loan Especially Mentioned15,359 178 4,268 5,965 162 1,986 1,859 — 29,777 
Substandard2,281 — — — — — 100 — 2,381 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Total community bank loans$174,585 $414,984 $408,442 $280,944 $165,017 $352,547 $69,313 $23,168 $1,889,000 
Current period gross charge-offs$31 $92 $— $— $41 $390 $— $— $554 
The Company considers the performance of the CCBX loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. For CCBX loans, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following tables present the loans in CCBX based on payment activity for the periods indicated:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
CCBX20252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of June 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial loans - Capital call lines
Payment performance
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $199,675 $— $199,675 
Nonperforming— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial and industrial loans - Capital
   call lines
$— $— $— $— $— $— $199,675 $— $199,675 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial and industrial loans - All other
commercial and industrial loans
Payment performance
Performing$— $220 $16,563 $2,738 $— $$5,501 $— $25,028 
Nonperforming— 38 716 91 — — 269 — 1,114 
Total commercial and industrial loans - All
   other commercial and industrial loans
$— $258 $17,279 $2,829 $— $$5,770 $— $26,142 
Current period gross charge-offs$173 $$2,790 $445 $$$226 $— $3,645 
Real estate loans - Residential real estate loans
Payment performance
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $229,941 $3,028 $232,969 
Nonperforming— — — — — — 1,817 — 1,817 
Total real estate loans - Residential real estate
   loans
$— $— $— $— $— $— $231,758 $3,028 $234,786 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $3,157 $— $3,157 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
CCBX20252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of June 30, 2025
Consumer and other loans - Credit cards
Payment performance
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $490,634 $35 $490,669 
Nonperforming— — — — — — 43,256 — 43,256 
Total consumer and other loans - Credit cards$— $— $— $— $— $— $533,890 $35 $533,925 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $57,731 $— $57,731 
Consumer and other loans - Other consumer and
other loans
Payment performance
Performing$244,711 $267,183 $107,384 $31,763 $1,191 $141 $23,110 $— $675,483 
Nonperforming308 3,443 4,986 1,752 197 147 — 10,838 
Total consumer and other loans - Other
   consumer and other loans
$245,019 $270,626 $112,370 $33,515 $1,388 $146 $23,257 $— $686,321 
Current period gross charge-offs$5,142 $14,292 $11,376 $3,540 $285 $35 $8,248 $— $42,918 
Total CCBX loans receivable
Payment performance
Performing$244,711 $267,403 $123,947 $34,501 $1,191 $147 $948,861 $3,063 $1,623,824 
Nonperforming308 3,481 5,702 1,843 197 45,489 — 57,025 
Total CCBX loans$245,019 $270,884 $129,649 $36,344 $1,388 $152 $994,350 $3,063 $1,680,849 
Current period gross charge-offs$5,315 $14,295 $14,166 $3,985 $289 $39 $69,362 $— $107,451 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
CCBX20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial loans - Capital call lines
Payment performance
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $109,017 $— $109,017 
Nonperforming— — — — — — — — — 
Total commercial and industrial loans - Capital
   call lines
$— $— $— $— $— $— $109,017 $— $109,017 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial and industrial loans - All other
commercial and industrial loans
Payment performance
Performing$1,049 $22,974 $3,952 $$12 $— $4,729 $— $32,721 
Nonperforming— 856 141 — — — 243 — 1,240 
Total commercial and industrial loans - All other
    commercial and industrial loans
$1,049 $23,830 $4,093 $$12 $— $4,972 $— $33,961 
Current period gross charge-offs$503 $11,845 $1,956 $$$— $986 $— $15,297 
Real estate loans - Residential real estate loans
Payment performance
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $255,779 $9,320 $265,099 
Nonperforming— — — — — — 2,608 — 2,608 
Total real estate loans - Residential real estate
   loans
$— $— $— $— $— $— $258,387 $9,320 $267,707 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $5,006 $— $5,006 
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
CCBX20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
As of December 31, 2024
Consumer and other loans - Credit cards
Payment performance
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $483,755 $47 $483,802 
Nonperforming— — — — — — 44,752 — 44,752 
Total consumer and other loans - Credit cards$— $— $— $— $— $— $528,507 $47 $528,554 
Current period gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $130,825 $— $130,825 
Consumer and other loans - Other consumer and other
loans
Payment performance
Performing$430,398 $153,522 $44,967 $1,902 $47 $192 $19,796 $— $650,824 
Nonperforming1,727 7,324 4,042 732 — 15 116 — 13,956 
Total consumer and other loans - Other
   consumer and other loans
$432,125 $160,846 $49,009 $2,634 $47 $207 $19,912 $— $664,780 
Current period gross charge-offs$13,759 $34,352 $14,702 $3,580 $24 $282 $10,710 $— $77,409 
Total CCBX loans receivable
Payment performance
Performing$431,447 $176,496 $48,919 $1,907 $59 $192 $873,076 $9,367 $1,541,463 
Nonperforming1,727 8,180 4,183 732 — 15 47,719 — 62,556 
Total CCBX loans$433,174 $184,676 $53,102 $2,639 $59 $207 $920,795 $9,367 $1,604,019 
Current period gross charge-offs$14,262 $46,197 $16,658 $3,582 $29 $282 $147,527 $— $228,537 
Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL")
CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement which protects the Bank by reimbursing most losses. In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans, reclassified negative deposit accounts and accrued interest receivable on CCBX loans. When the provision for CCBX credit losses and provision for unfunded commitments are recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements). Expected losses are recorded in the allowance for credit losses. The credit enhancement asset is reduced when credit enhancement payments are received from the CCBX partner or taken from the partner's cash reserve account. CCBX partners provide for credit enhancements that provide protection to the Bank from credit and fraud losses by reimbursing the Bank for the losses. If the partner is unable to fulfill its contracted obligations then the Bank could be exposed to the loss of the reimbursement and credit enhancement income. In accordance with the program agreement for one CCBX partner, the Company is responsible for credit losses on approximately 5% of a $296.3 million loan portfolio that are without credit enhancement reimbursements. At June 30, 2025, 5% of this portfolio represented $19.8 million in loans. The partner is responsible for reimbursing credit losses on approximately 95% of this portfolio and for fraud losses on 100% of this portfolio. The Company earns 100% of the interest income on the aforementioned $19.8 million of loans.
The following tables summarize the allocation of the ACL, as well as the activity in the ACL attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio, as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024:
Commercial
and
Industrial
Construction,
Land, and
Land
Development
Residential
Real
Estate
Commercial
Real Estate
Consumer
and Other
Unallocated Total
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
ACL balance, March 31, 2025
$10,066 $4,531 $13,443 $8,110 $147,028 $— $183,178 
Provision for credit losses or (recapture)221 734 239 (810)30,545 — 30,929 
10,287 5,265 13,682 7,300 177,573 — 214,107 
Loans charged-off(1,738)— (1,552)— (50,490)— (53,780)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off205 — 94 — 4,168 — 4,467 
Net charge-offs(1,533)— (1,458)— (46,322)— (49,313)
ACL balance, June 30, 2025
$8,754 $5,265 $12,224 $7,300 $131,251 $— $164,794 
       
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025       
ACL balance, December 31, 2024
$11,051 $3,439 $12,250 $8,456 $141,798 $— $176,994 
Provision for credit losses or (recapture)787 1,826 3,035 (1,160)80,825 — 85,313 
 11,838 5,265 15,285 7,296 222,623 — 262,307 
Loans charged-off(3,645)— (3,157)— (100,664)— (107,466)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off561 — 96 9,292 — 9,953 
Net charge-offs(3,084)— (3,061)(91,372)— (97,513)
ACL balance, June 30, 2025
$8,754 $5,265 $12,224 $7,300 $131,251 $— $164,794 
       
       
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024       
ACL balance, March 31, 2024$10,831 $6,551 $14,650 $7,503 $100,406 $— $139,941 
Provision for credit losses or (recapture)4,968 (441)1,744 (184)55,803 — 61,890 
 15,799 6,110 16,394 7,319 156,209 — 201,831 
Loans charged-off(3,870)— (864)— (50,473)— (55,207)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off271 — — 1,981 — 2,254 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(3,599)— (862)— (48,492)— (52,953)
ACL Balance, June 30, 2024
$12,200 $6,110 $15,532 $7,319 $107,717 $— $148,878 
       
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024       
ACL Balance, December 31, 2023$8,894 $6,386 $13,049 $7,441 $81,611 $— $117,381 
Provision for credit losses or (recapture)11,379 (276)4,486 (122)125,941 — 141,408 
20,273 6,110 17,535 7,319 207,552 — 258,789 
Loans charged-off(8,567)— (2,007)— (103,627)— (114,201)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off494 — — 3,792 — 4,290 
Net charge-offs(8,073)— (2,003)— (99,835)— (109,911)
ACL Balance, June 30, 2024
$12,200 $6,110 $15,532 $7,319 $107,717 $— $148,878 
There was a provision for unfunded commitments of $1.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and a provision for unfunded commitments of $435,000 and $4.1 million, respectively for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. There was a provision recapture for accrued interest receivable of $182,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and a provision of $602,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 on CCBX loans, there was no provision for accrued interest receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
The following table presents the collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of the dates indicated:
Real EstateBusiness AssetsTotalACL
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
June 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial loans$— $2,144 $2,144 $93 
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate3,551 — 3,551 — 
Total$3,551 $2,144 $5,695 $93 
Business AssetsTotalACL
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial loans$100 $100 $— 
Total$100 $100 $—