Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	16. Commitments and Contingencies Brazil Tax Liability Our subsidiary, WestRock, is challenging claims by the Brazil Federal Revenue Department that we underpaid taxes as a result of amortization of goodwill generated by the 2002 merger of two of its Brazilian subsidiaries. The matter has proceeded through the Brazil Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (“CARF”) principally in two proceedings, covering tax years 2003 to 2008 and 2009 to 2012. WestRock was assessed additional taxes, penalties, and interest in both CARF proceedings. In the proceeding for the tax years 2003 to 2008, WestRock was also assessed penalties and interest for fraud, but WestRock won the fraud claim in the proceeding for the tax years 2009 to 2012. WestRock subsequently filed two lawsuits in Brazilian federal courts seeking annulment of the adverse CARF decisions. In February 2025, the federal court adjudicating the WestRock challenge to CARF's decision against WestRock for the 2003 and 2008 period issued a ruling in favor of WestRock nullifying the financial assessments in that case. The decision of the federal court was appealed by the tax authorities. We assert that we have no liability in these matters. The total amount in dispute in the two cases before CARF and in the annulment actions relating to the claimed tax deficiency was R$770 million ($142 million) as of June 30, 2025, including various penalties and interest. Resolution of the tax positions could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and results of operations or materially benefit our results of operations in future periods depending upon their ultimate resolution. Asbestos-Related Litigation We have been named as a defendant in asbestos-related personal injury litigation, primarily in relation to the historical operations of certain companies that have been acquired by the Company. To date, the costs resulting from the litigation, including settlement costs, have not been significant. We accrue for the estimated value of pending claims and litigation costs using historical claims information, as well as the estimated value of future claims based on our historical claims experience. As of June 30, 2025, there were approximately 720 such lawsuits. We believe that we have substantial insurance coverage, subject to applicable deductibles and policy limits, with respect to asbestos claims. We also believe we have valid defenses to these asbestos-related personal injury claims and intend to continue to contest these matters vigorously. Should the Company’s litigation profile change substantially, or if there are adverse developments in applicable law, it is possible that the Company could incur significantly more costs resolving these cases. We record asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are deemed probable. In assessing the probability of insurance recovery, we make judgments concerning insurance coverage that we believe are reasonable and consistent with our historical dealings and our knowledge of any pertinent solvency issues surrounding the insurers. The Company currently does not expect the resolution of pending asbestos litigation and proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had estimated liabilities in respect of these matters of $81 million and estimated insurance recoveries of $50 million. 16. Commitments and Contingencies - continued Italian Competition Authority Investigation In August 2019, the Italian Competition Authority (the “AGCM”) notified approximately 30 companies, of which Smurfit Kappa Italia, a subsidiary of Smurfit Westrock, was one, that an investigation had found the companies to have engaged in anti-competitive practices, in relation to which the AGCM levied a fine of approximately $138 million on Smurfit Kappa Italia, which was paid in 2021. In October 2019, Smurfit Kappa Italia appealed the AGCM’s decision to the First Administrative Court of Appeal (TAR Lazio), however Smurfit Kappa Italia was later notified that this appeal had been unsuccessful. In September 2021, Smurfit Kappa Italia filed a further appeal to the Council of State which published its ruling in February 2023. While some grounds of appeal were dismissed, the Council of State upheld Smurfit Kappa Italia’s arguments regarding the quantification of the fine. As a result, the AGCM was directed to recalculate Smurfit Kappa Italia’s fine. On March 7, 2024, the AGCM notified Smurfit Kappa Italia that its fine had been reduced by approximately $18 million. Smurfit Kappa Italia has appealed the amount of this reduction and a decision on that appeal is expected later in 2025. Separate to these proceedings regarding the fine, in May 2023, Smurfit Kappa Italia filed an application with the Council of State for revocation of the February 2023 ruling to the extent that it failed to consider certain pleas that had been raised by Smurfit Kappa Italia on appeal. That application was rejected in July 2025. After publication of the AGCM’s August 2019 decision, a number of purchasers of corrugated sheets and boxes initiated litigation proceedings against Smurfit Kappa companies, alleging that they were harmed by the alleged anti-competitive practices and seeking damages. In addition, other parties have threatened litigation against Smurfit Westrock seeking damages (either specified or unspecified). The Company believes it has significant defenses to the damages claims and intends to vigorously defend the current and any future litigation. International Arbitration Against Venezuela Smurfit Kappa, which is now a subsidiary of Smurfit Westrock, announced in 2018 that due to the Government of Venezuela’s measures, Smurfit Kappa no longer exercised control over the business of Smurfit Kappa Carton de Venezuela. Smurfit Kappa’s Venezuelan operations were therefore deconsolidated in the third quarter of 2018. Later that year, Smurfit Kappa’s wholly owned subsidiary, Smurfit Holdings BV, filed an international arbitration claim against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela before the World Bank’s International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) seeking compensation for Venezuela’s unlawful seizure of its Venezuelan business as well as for other arbitrary, inconsistent and disproportionate State measures that destroyed the value of its investments in Venezuela. Following the exchange of written submissions, an oral hearing was held in September 2022 in Paris. On August 28, 2024, upon the completion of its deliberations, the arbitral tribunal issued an award granting Smurfit Holdings BV, then a wholly owned subsidiary of Smurfit Westrock, compensation in excess of $469 million, plus legal costs of $5 million, plus interest from May 31, 2024, until the date of payment (the “Award”). In September 2024, Smurfit Holdings BV initiated proceedings against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to enforce the Award. In December 2024, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela applied to ICSID to annul the Award. An Annulment Committee has since been formed by ICSID to decide on this application. Other Litigation We are a defendant in a number of other lawsuits and claims arising out of the conduct of our business. While the ultimate results of such suits or other proceedings against us cannot be predicted as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe the resolution of these other matters will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

16. Commitments and Contingencies

Brazil Tax Liability

Our subsidiary, WestRock, is challenging claims by the Brazil Federal Revenue Department that we underpaid taxes as a result of

amortization of goodwill generated by the 2002 merger of two of its Brazilian subsidiaries. The matter has proceeded through the

Brazil Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (“CARF”) principally in two proceedings, covering tax years 2003 to 2008 and 2009 to

2012. WestRock was assessed additional taxes, penalties, and interest in both CARF proceedings. In the proceeding for the tax years

2003 to 2008, WestRock was also assessed penalties and interest for fraud, but WestRock won the fraud claim in the proceeding for

the tax years 2009 to 2012. WestRock subsequently filed two lawsuits in Brazilian federal courts seeking annulment of the adverse

CARF decisions. In February 2025, the federal court adjudicating the WestRock challenge to CARF's decision against WestRock for

the 2003 and 2008 period issued a ruling in favor of WestRock nullifying the financial assessments in that case. The decision of the

federal court was appealed by the tax authorities.

We assert that we have no liability in these matters. The total amount in dispute in the two cases before CARF and in the annulment

actions relating to the claimed tax deficiency was R$770 million ($142 million) as of June 30, 2025, including various penalties and

interest. Resolution of the tax positions could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and results of operations or materially

benefit our results of operations in future periods depending upon their ultimate resolution.

Asbestos-Related Litigation

We have been named as a defendant in asbestos-related personal injury litigation, primarily in relation to the historical operations of

certain companies that have been acquired by the Company. To date, the costs resulting from the litigation, including settlement costs,

have not been significant. We accrue for the estimated value of pending claims and litigation costs using historical claims information,

as well as the estimated value of future claims based on our historical claims experience. As of June 30, 2025, there were

approximately 720 such lawsuits. We believe that we have substantial insurance coverage, subject to applicable deductibles and policy

limits, with respect to asbestos claims. We also believe we have valid defenses to these asbestos-related personal injury claims and

intend to continue to contest these matters vigorously. Should the Company’s litigation profile change substantially, or if there are

adverse developments in applicable law, it is possible that the Company could incur significantly more costs resolving these cases. We

record asbestos-related insurance recoveries that are deemed probable. In assessing the probability of insurance recovery, we make

judgments concerning insurance coverage that we believe are reasonable and consistent with our historical dealings and our

knowledge of any pertinent solvency issues surrounding the insurers. The Company currently does not expect the resolution of

pending asbestos litigation and proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial

condition or cash flows. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had estimated liabilities in respect of these matters of $81 million and

estimated insurance recoveries of $50 million.

16. Commitments and Contingencies - continued

Italian Competition Authority Investigation

In August 2019, the Italian Competition Authority (the “AGCM”) notified approximately 30 companies, of which Smurfit Kappa

Italia, a subsidiary of Smurfit Westrock, was one, that an investigation had found the companies to have engaged in anti-competitive

practices, in relation to which the AGCM levied a fine of approximately $138 million on Smurfit Kappa Italia, which was paid in

2021.

In October 2019, Smurfit Kappa Italia appealed the AGCM’s decision to the First Administrative Court of Appeal (TAR Lazio),

however Smurfit Kappa Italia was later notified that this appeal had been unsuccessful. In September 2021, Smurfit Kappa Italia filed

a further appeal to the Council of State which published its ruling in February 2023. While some grounds of appeal were dismissed,

the Council of State upheld Smurfit Kappa Italia’s arguments regarding the quantification of the fine. As a result, the AGCM was

directed to recalculate Smurfit Kappa Italia’s fine. On March 7, 2024, the AGCM notified Smurfit Kappa Italia that its fine had been

reduced by approximately $18 million. Smurfit Kappa Italia has appealed the amount of this reduction and a decision on that appeal is

expected later in 2025.

Separate to these proceedings regarding the fine, in May 2023, Smurfit Kappa Italia filed an application with the Council of State for

revocation of the February 2023 ruling to the extent that it failed to consider certain pleas that had been raised by Smurfit Kappa Italia

on appeal. That application was rejected in July 2025.

After publication of the AGCM’s August 2019 decision, a number of purchasers of corrugated sheets and boxes initiated litigation

proceedings against Smurfit Kappa companies, alleging that they were harmed by the alleged anti-competitive practices and seeking

damages. In addition, other parties have threatened litigation against Smurfit Westrock seeking damages (either specified or

unspecified). The Company believes it has significant defenses to the damages claims and intends to vigorously defend the current and

any future litigation.

International Arbitration Against Venezuela

Smurfit Kappa, which is now a subsidiary of Smurfit Westrock, announced in 2018 that due to the Government of Venezuela’s

measures, Smurfit Kappa no longer exercised control over the business of Smurfit Kappa Carton de Venezuela. Smurfit Kappa’s

Venezuelan operations were therefore deconsolidated in the third quarter of 2018. Later that year, Smurfit Kappa’s wholly owned

subsidiary, Smurfit Holdings BV, filed an international arbitration claim against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela before the

World Bank’s International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) seeking compensation for Venezuela’s unlawful

seizure of its Venezuelan business as well as for other arbitrary, inconsistent and disproportionate State measures that destroyed the

value of its investments in Venezuela. Following the exchange of written submissions, an oral hearing was held in September 2022 in

Paris.

On August 28, 2024, upon the completion of its deliberations, the arbitral tribunal issued an award granting Smurfit Holdings BV,

then a wholly owned subsidiary of Smurfit Westrock, compensation in excess of $469 million, plus legal costs of $5 million, plus

interest from May 31, 2024, until the date of payment (the “Award”). In September 2024, Smurfit Holdings BV initiated proceedings

against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to enforce the Award. In December 2024, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela applied

to ICSID to annul the Award. An Annulment Committee has since been formed by ICSID to decide on this application.

Other Litigation

We are a defendant in a number of other lawsuits and claims arising out of the conduct of our business. While the ultimate results of

such suits or other proceedings against us cannot be predicted as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe the

resolution of these other matters will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.