We utilize various financial instruments, including loan commitments, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit, to support our customers’ financing needs. These instruments expose us to varying degrees of credit, liquidity, and interest rate risk that are not fully reflected on the consolidated balance sheet. The associated credit risk is evaluated and recorded as a reserve for unfunded lending commitments, which is presented separately on the consolidated balance sheet.

We are involved in various legal proceedings or governmental inquiries, which may include litigation in court, arbitral proceedings, investigations, examinations, and other actions initiated or considered by governmental and self-regulatory agencies. Litigation may pertain to lending, deposit and other customer relationships, supplier and contractual issues, employee matters, intellectual property matters, personal injuries and torts, regulatory and legal compliance, and other matters. While most matters involve individual claims, we are also subject to putative class action claims and similar broader claims. Proceedings, investigations, examinations, and other actions initiated or considered by governmental and self-regulatory agencies may relate to our banking, investment advisory, trust, securities, and other products and services; and our customers’ involvement in money laundering, fraud, securities violations and other illicit activities or our policies and practices concerning such customer activities. Additionally, these actions may pertain to our compliance with the broad range of banking, securities and other applicable laws and regulations. At any given time, we may be responding to subpoenas, requests for documents, data, and testimony relating to these matters and engaging in discussions to resolve them.

•Two civil cases, Lifescan, Inc. and Johnson & Johnson Health Care Services v. Jeffrey C. Smith, et. al., brought against us in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey in December 2017, and Roche Diagnostics and Roche Diabetes Care Inc. v. Jeffrey C. Smith, et. al., brought against us in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey in March 2019. In these cases, certain manufacturers and distributors of medical products seek to hold us liable for allegedly fraudulent practices of a borrower of the Bank who filed for bankruptcy protection in 2017. Discovery is substantially complete for most parties in both cases. However, final rulings on certain dispositive motions remain outstanding, and other dispositive motions have yet to be filed or ruled upon. No trial dates have been set for either case.

•Cayon and Reesor v. Zions Bancorporation, N.A. is an arbitration matter pending before Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services. The claimants have asserted claims for unpaid overtime, meal and rest break violations, and failure to reimburse work-related expenses. They have also initiated a related action under the California Private Attorneys General Act. The arbitration is in the discovery phase, with a final hearing scheduled for February 2026.

•Carlson v. Zions Bancorporation, N.A. is a putative class action case pending in the Superior Court of San Diego County, California. Plaintiff has asserted violations of California law for alleged non-payment of certain work-related expenses incurred by company employees. Plaintiff has also initiated a related action under the California Private Attorneys General Act. The putative class action is in the discovery phase, with trial set for February 2026.

At least quarterly, we review both outstanding and new legal matters utilizing the latest information available. If we determine that a loss from a matter is probable and can be reasonably estimated, we establish an accrual for the best estimate of the loss. If no amount within a range of probable losses is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, we establish an accrual for the minimum amount in that range. For matters where a loss is not probable, we do not establish an accrual. Once established, accruals are adjusted to reflect any developments related to the matters.

We also assess whether we can determine the range of reasonably possible losses for significant matters where the likelihood of a loss is not remote. Due to the difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal matters, discussed subsequently, we can meaningfully estimate such a range for only a limited number of cases. Based on information available at June 30, 2025, the estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses for these matters is zero to approximately $15 million in excess of amounts accrued. The matters underlying this estimated range will change over time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate. Matters for which a meaningful estimate is not possible are not included within this estimated range; therefore, this estimated range does not represent our maximum loss exposure.

Based on our current knowledge, we believe that our estimated liability for litigation and other legal actions and claims, as reflected in our accruals and determined in accordance with applicable accounting guidance, is adequate. We also believe that any liabilities in excess of the amounts currently accrued, if any, arising from litigation and other legal actions and claims for which an estimate is possible, will not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. However, given the significant uncertainties involved in these matters, and the potentially large or indeterminate damages sought in some cases, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows for any given reporting period.

Any estimate or determination regarding the future resolution of litigation, arbitration, governmental or self-regulatory examinations, investigations or similar matters is inherently uncertain and involves significant judgment. This is particularly true in the early stages of a legal matter, when legal issues and facts have not been fully articulated, reviewed, analyzed, and vetted through discovery, trial or hearing preparation, substantive and productive mediation or settlement discussions, or other actions. It is also especially true for class actions and similar claims involving multiple defendants, matters with complex procedural requirements or substantive issues, novel legal theories, and examinations, investigations, and other actions conducted or brought by governmental and self-regulatory agencies, where the normal adjudicative process is not applicable. As a result, we are often unable to determine whether a favorable or unfavorable outcome is remote, reasonably likely, or probable, or to estimate the amount or range of a probable or reasonably likely loss, until relatively late in the course of a legal matter, sometimes not until a number of years have elapsed. Consequently, our judgments and estimates relating to claims will change over time in light of developments, and actual outcomes will differ from our estimates. These differences may be material.