5. Related Party Transactions

Related party transactions include transactions with the Company’s officers, directors and affiliates.

Employment Agreements with Officers

During July and August 2020, the Company entered into one-year employment agreements with each of its executive officers at that time, consisting of Dr. John S. Kovach, Eric J. Forman, Dr. James S. Miser, and Robert N. Weingarten, payable monthly, as described below. These employment agreements were automatically renewable for additional one-year periods unless terminated by either party upon 60 days written notice prior to the end of the applicable one-year period, or by death, or by termination for cause. Except as noted below, these employment agreements were automatically renewed for additional one-year periods in July and August 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024.

The Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Kovach dated July 15, 2020, effective October 1, 2020, to provide for Dr. Kovach to continue to act as the Company’s President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer, with an annual salary of $250,000. The employment agreement with Dr. Kovach terminated upon his death on October 5, 2023.

The Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. James S. Miser, M.D., effective August 1, 2020, to act as the Company’s Chief Medical Officer, with an annual salary of $150,000. Effective May 1, 2021, Dr. Miser’s annual salary was increased to $175,000. Dr. Miser was required to devote at least 50% of his business time to the Company’s activities. On May 29, 2024, the Company elected not to renew its employment agreement with Dr. Miser, as a result of which such employment agreement expired on July 31, 2024. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company paid $43,750 and $87,500, respectively, to Dr. Miser under this employment agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods.

The Company entered into an employment agreement with Eric J. Forman effective July 15, 2020, as amended on August 12, 2020, to act as the Company’s Chief Administrative Officer, with an annual salary of $120,000. Mr. Forman is the son-in-law of Gil Schwartzberg (deceased), a former member of the Company’s Board of Directors who died on October 30, 2022 and was a significant stockholder of and consultant to the Company, and is the son of Dr. Stephen Forman, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. Julie Forman, the wife of Mr. Forman and the daughter of Gil Schwartzberg, is Vice President of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, at which firm the Company’s cash is on deposit and with which the Company maintains a continuing banking relationship. Effective May 1, 2021, Mr. Forman’s annual salary was increased to $175,000. Additionally, effective November 6, 2022, Mr. Forman was promoted to Vice President and Chief Operating Officer with an annual salary of $200,000. The employment agreement with Mr. Forman terminated upon his resignation as an officer of the Company effective December 31, 2024. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company paid $50,000 and $100,000, respectively, to Mr. Forman under this employment agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods. Additionally, Mr. Forman was provided a monthly office rent allowance, pursuant to which the Company paid $3,780 and $9,098 during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2024.

The Company entered into an employment agreement with Robert N. Weingarten effective August 12, 2020 to act as the Company’s Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with an annual salary of $120,000. Effective May 1, 2021, Mr. Weingarten’s annual salary was increased to $175,000. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid $43,750 and $43,750, respectively, to Mr. Weingarten under this employment agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid $87,500 and $87,500, respectively, to Mr. Weingarten under this employment agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods.

The Company entered into an employment agreement with Bastiaan van der Baan effective September 26, 2023 to act as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, with an annual salary of $150,000. Effective October 6, 2023, Mr. van der Baan was appointed as Chairman of the Board of Directors upon the death of Dr. Kovach on October 5, 2023. Effective June 16, 2025, the employment agreement was amended to provide that Mr. van der Baan will serve as President and Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. Mr. van der Baan’s annual salary may be increased from time to time at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. In addition, Mr. van der Baan is eligible to receive an annual bonus as determined at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. The term of the employment agreement is for three years and is automatically renewable for additional one-year periods unless terminated by either party, subject to early termination provisions as described in the employment agreement. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid $39,724 and $38,163, respectively, to Mr. van der Baan under this employment agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid $77,201 and $76,579, respectively, to Mr. van der Baan under this employment agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods.

On May 31, 2024, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Dr. Jan H.M. Schellens, M.D., Ph.D. Pursuant to the agreement, effective July 1, 2024, the Company engaged Dr. Schellens as a consultant, and, effective August 1, 2024, as the Company’s Chief Medical Officer. The term of the agreement is in effect from July 1, 2024 until the earliest of (i) termination by either party upon sixty days’ notice, (ii) Dr. Schellens’ death or disability, or (iii) termination by the Company for breach as provided in the agreement. Under the agreement, Dr. Schellens provides his services for two days per week with the specific days in each week based on arrangements agreed to from time to time between Dr. Schellens and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Company pays Dr. Schellens an annual compensation of 104,000 Euros (approximately $122,000 as of June 30, 2025), payable on a monthly basis. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid $29,811 and $0, respectively, to Dr. Schellens under this consulting agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid $57,315 and $0, respectively, to Dr. Schellens under this consulting agreement, which costs are included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods. Effective as of July 31, 2025, the Company agreed to accept the resignation of Dr. Schellens and to terminate his consulting agreement, to allow Dr. Schellens to pursue other employment opportunities.

Effective as of June 15, 2022, Dr. René Bernards was appointed to the Company’s Board of Directors as an independent director. Dr. Bernards is a leader in the field of molecular carcinogenesis and is employed by the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam. Upon his appointment, it was agreed that Dr. Bernards would receive annual compensation for his services on the Board of Directors only in the form of cash, in lieu of the annual June 30 grant of stock options as provided to the Company’s other non-officer directors. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded charges to general and administrative costs in the consolidated statements of operations of $0 and $0, respectively, with respect to his annual cash board compensation. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded charges to general and administrative costs in the consolidated statements of operations of $0 and $10,000, respectively, with respect to his annual cash board compensation.

In conjunction with the Company’s efforts to preserve cash during 2024, effective with the quarter ended June 30, 2024, Dr. Bernards agreed to receive equity-based compensation for his services on the Board of Directors, for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 through December 31, 2024. In order to reconcile his Board of Directors compensation with that of the other non-officer directors, Dr. Bernards has agreed to receive the same Board of Directors compensation, both in form and amount, as the other non-officer directors for the year ending December 31, 2025.

Previously, on October 8, 2021, the Company had entered into a Development Collaboration Agreement (subsequently amended and extended) with the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, one of the world’s leading comprehensive cancer centers, and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, a major independent cancer research center, to identify the most promising drugs to be combined with LB-100, and potentially LB-100 analogues, to be used to treat a range of cancers, as well as to identify the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the identified combinations (see Note 8).

Effective June 16, 2025, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Geordan Pursglove pursuant to which Mr. Pursglove was appointed as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors for a term of three years, subject to automatic termination if the Company did not complete a successful financing that would enable it to maintain its listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market by July 3, 2025, which was accomplished on July 2, 2025. Under the employment agreement, Mr. Pursglove will receive an annual salary of $240,000, which may be increased from time to time in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. At his election, Mr. Pursglove’s compensation will be payable in cash and/or restricted shares of common stock, or a combination thereof. He will also be eligible to receive an annual bonus as determined in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors in the form of cash or equity, or a combination thereof. Mr. Pursglove will not receive any additional compensation for serving as Chairman of the Board of Directors. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company paid $10,000 to Mr. Pursglove under this employment agreement, which cost is included in general and administrative costs in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for such periods.

Effective as of July 3, 2025, the end of the first trading day of the Company’s common stock immediately following the successful completion of the above referenced financing, as an inducement to Mr. Pursglove to join the Company, as a signing bonus, Mr. Pursglove was granted a stock option to purchase 350,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.83 per share (the closing market price on the grant date), for a term of five years, exercisable on a cashless basis and vesting 50% on the grant date, 25% on September 30, 2025, and 25% on December 31, 2025, subject to continued service. The stock option grant was not issued under the Company’s 2020 Stock Incentive Plan. The stock option agreement provides for certain registration rights and for accelerated vesting upon the occurrence of certain events, including early termination of the agreement that is not the result of his voluntary termination or termination for cause, a sale or change in control of the Company, or a sale, licensing or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. The total fair value of the stock options to purchase 350,000 shares of common stock, as calculated pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $728,671 ($2.0819 per share), which will be charged to operations from July 3, 2025 through December 31, 2025.

Compensatory Arrangements for Members of the Board of Directors

Effective April 9, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a comprehensive cash and equity compensation program for the non-officer directors for their services on the Board of Directors, which was subsequently amended effective May 25, 2022, July 9, 2024, and March 21, 2025. Subsequent to June 30, 2025, the Board of Directors commenced a review of this compensation program and is considering further revisions.

Officers who also serve on the Board of Directors are not compensated separately for their service on the Board of Directors.

Cash compensation for directors, payable quarterly, is as follows:

Base director compensation - $20,000 per year (except for Dr. Bernards, who was paid an additional annual cash fee of $40,000, in lieu of the annual June 30 grant of stock option as described below, through March 31, 2024)

Chairman of audit committee – additional $10,000 per year

Chairman of any other committees – additional $5,000 per year

Member of audit committee – additional $5,000 per year

Member of any other committees – additional $2,500 per year

In conjunction with the Company’s efforts to preserve cash, the Board of Directors approved amendments to this compensation program, such that for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 through December 31, 2025, the non-officer directors (including Dr. Bernards) have received or will receive, in lieu of cash compensation, stock options exercisable for a period of five years, vesting immediately, to purchase common stock at an exercise price based on the closing market price upon issuance, with the amount of such stock options equal to the cash payment such director would otherwise have been entitled to receive for such quarter, divided by their quarterly value as determined pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

Equity compensation for directors is as follows:

Appointment of new directors – The Company grants options to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock, exercisable for a period of five years, at the closing market price on the date of grant, vesting 50% on the grant date and the remaining 50% vesting 12.5% on the last day of each calendar quarter beginning in the quarter immediately subsequent to the date of the grant until fully vested, subject to continued service. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, for a nominee to the Board of Directors who is restricted by their respective institution or employer from receiving equity-based compensation, in lieu of the grant of such stock options, the Company may elect to pay a one-time cash fee of $100,000 to such director, payable upfront.

Annual grant of options to directors – Effective on the last business day of the month of June, the Company grants options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock, exercisable for a period of five years, at the closing market price on the date of grant, vesting 12.5% on the last day of each calendar quarter beginning in the quarter immediately subsequent to the date of grant until fully vested, subject to continued service. If any director has served for less than 12 full calendar months on the grant date, the amount of such stock option grant is prorated based on the length of service of such director. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, for a nominee to the Board of Directors who is restricted by their respective institution or employer from receiving equity-based compensation, in lieu of the grant of such stock options, the Company may elect to pay an annual cash fee of $40,000 to such director, payable quarterly.

Total cash compensation paid to non-officer directors was $0 and $0, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Total cash compensation paid to non-officer directors was $0 and $38,819, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Stock-based compensation granted to members of the Company’s Board of Directors, officers and affiliates is described at Note 6.

A summary of related party costs, including compensation under employment and consulting agreements and fees paid to non-officer directors for their services on the Board of Directors, for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, is presented below.

Summary of Related Party Costs