Note 12 – Stock-Based Compensation

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 the Board of Directors granted 621,510 time-based restricted stock units and 329,580 performance-based restricted stock units, which relates to the annual grant to our employees and Board of Directors. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Board of Directors granted 427,966 time-based restricted stock units and 205,944 performance-based restricted stock units, which relates to the annual grant to our employees and Board of Directors.

Time-based restricted stock units are issued with the fair value equal to the closing market price of Metallus common shares on the date of grant. These restricted stock units do not have any performance conditions for vesting. Expense is recognized over the service period, adjusted for any forfeitures that occur during the vesting period. The weighted average fair value of the restricted stock units granted during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $14.06 per share.

Performance-based restricted stock units issued in 2025 vest based on achievement of a total shareholder return (“TSR”) metric. The TSR metric is considered a market condition, which requires Metallus to reflect it in the fair value on grant date using an advanced option-pricing model. The fair value of each performance share was therefore determined using a Monte Carlo valuation model, a generally accepted lattice pricing model under ASC 718 – Stock-based Compensation. The Monte Carlo valuation model, among other factors, uses commonly-accepted economic theory underlying all valuation models, estimates fair value using simulations of future share prices based on stock price behavior and considers the correlation of peer company returns in determining fair value. The fair value of the performance-based restricted stock units granted during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $17.31 per share.