During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we paid $18.7 million for business acquisitions, which included $12.6 million for deferred business acquisition and earn-out obligations for acquisitions completed in prior years. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we paid $44.2 million for business acquisitions, which included $39.3 million of payments relating to acquisitions in 2024 and $4.9 million for deferred business acquisition and earn-out obligations related to acquisitions completed in prior years.


($ in millions)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Number of acquisitions with earn-out payments subject to the achievement of certain performance criteria	12		13
Maximum earn-out payments (undiscounted)	$	78.2	108.0
Short-term earn-out liabilities (fair value)(1)	5.2		12.0
Long-term earn-out liabilities (fair value)(1)	13.9		23.8

Assuming the achievement of the applicable performance criteria, we anticipate making these earn-out payments over the next five years. Refer to Note 7, Fair Value Measurements, and Note 10, Restructuring and Acquisition Charges, for additional discussion of our earn-out liabilities.

Goodwill and unamortized intangibles as of June 30, 2025 consisted of: (i) goodwill of $4,715.8 million, (ii) identifiable intangibles of $630.0 million amortized over their remaining finite useful lives and (iii) $52.0 million of identifiable intangibles with indefinite useful lives that are not amortized. Notable portions of our goodwill and unamortized intangibles are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, which means a portion of the movements in the reported book value of these balances is attributable to movements in foreign currency exchange rates.

In conjunction with our new organizational structure described more fully in Note 4, Business Segments, we reassessed our reporting units as of January 1, 2025. As a result of the changes in Real Estate Management Services and Leasing Advisory, we reassigned goodwill to these reporting units using a relative fair value approach. Under this methodology, the fair value of each impacted reporting unit was determined using a combination of the income approach and the market approach, and this resulting relative fair value was used to reassign the balance of goodwill.

We considered the change to Real Estate Management Services and Leasing Advisory reporting units a triggering event requiring the testing of our goodwill for impairment as of January 1, 2025. We performed a quantitative test relying on the discounted cash flow ("DCF") method, an income approach, and a market approach in determining the estimated fair value of these reporting units. Our analysis relied on significant judgments and assumptions in determining the inputs, specifically, forecasted revenue growth, forecasted profitability margin and the discount rate used to present value the estimated future cash flows. Our analysis indicated that no impairment existed as the estimated fair value of both Real Estate Management Services and Leasing Advisory reporting units exceeded their respective carrying value.


(in millions)	Real Estate Management Services		Leasing Advisory	Capital Markets Services	Investment Management	Software and Technology Solutions	Consolidated
Balance as of January 1, 2025	$	961.2	1,372.6	1,971.5	55.9	250.1	$	4,611.3
Additions, net of adjustments	—		—	6.6	—	—	6.6

Impact of exchange rate movements	16.5		35.4	44.5	1.6	(0.1)	97.9
Balance as of June 30, 2025	$	977.7	1,408.0	2,022.6	57.5	250.0	$	4,715.8

The following tables detail, by intangible type, movements in the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our identifiable intangibles.


(in millions)	MSRs		Other Intangibles	Consolidated
Gross Carrying Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	851.1	543.8	$	1,394.9
Additions, net of adjustments	40.6		0.5	41.1
Adjustment for fully amortized intangibles	(24.5)		(1.2)	(25.7)
Impact of exchange rate movements	—		10.0	10.0
Balance as of June 30, 2025	$	867.2	553.1	$	1,420.3

Accumulated Amortization
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	(380.0)	(290.8)	$	(670.8)
Amortization expense, net(1)	(55.4)		(34.0)	(89.4)
Adjustment for fully amortized intangibles	24.5		1.2	25.7
Impact of exchange rate movements	—		(3.8)	(3.8)
Balance as of June 30, 2025	$	(410.9)	(327.4)	$	(738.3)

Net book value as of June 30, 2025	$	456.3	225.7	$	682.0

(1) Included in this amount for MSRs was $2.3 million relating to write-offs due to prepayments of sold warehouse receivables for which we retained the servicing rights. Amortization of MSRs is included in Revenue within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.


(in millions)	MSRs		Other Intangibles	Consolidated
Gross Carrying Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	801.8	546.2	$	1,348.0
Additions, net of adjustments	34.2		14.9	49.1
Adjustment for fully amortized intangibles	(15.5)		(9.3)	(24.8)
Impact of exchange rate movements	—		(2.5)	(2.5)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	820.5	549.3	$	1,369.8

Accumulated Amortization
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	(309.8)	(253.2)	$	(563.0)
Amortization expense, net(1)	(55.4)		(32.9)	(88.3)
Adjustment for fully amortized intangibles	15.5		9.3	24.8
Impact of exchange rate movements	—		0.6	0.6
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	(349.7)	(276.2)	$	(625.9)

Net book value as of June 30, 2024	$	470.8	273.1	$	743.9

(1) Included in this amount for MSRs was $4.2 million relating to write-offs due to prepayments of sold warehouse receivables for which we retained the servicing rights. Amortization of MSRs is included in Revenue within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.