Restructuring expense reflects costs associated with the Company’s ongoing efforts to improve operational efficiency and deploy assets globally in order to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. The Company expects fiscal 2025 restructuring expense and related costs to be approximately $140, including costs to complete actions initiated in the first nine months of the year.

Restructuring expense by business segment follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,					Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2025		2024		2025

Final Control		$	5		3		1		6
Measurement & Analytical		3			2		7		5
Discrete Automation		16			6		33		17
Safety & Productivity		1			(1)		2		—
Intelligent Devices		25			10		43		28

Control Systems & Software		3			7		7		16
Test & Measurement		24			—		78		3
Software and Control		27			7		85		19

Corporate		5			20		42		23

Total		$	57		37		170		70

Corporate restructuring for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 includes $20 and $21, respectively, of integration-related stock compensation expense attributable to the AspenTech transaction. Corporate restructuring of $5 and $42 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, is comprised almost entirely of integration-related stock compensation expense attributable to NI.

Details of the change in the liability for restructuring costs during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 follow:


	Sept 30, 2024			Expense		Utilized/Paid		June 30, 2025

Severance and benefits		$	105		58		87		76




Other		7			12		14		5
Total		$	112		70		101		81

The tables above do not include $3 and $4 of costs related to restructuring actions incurred for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively, that are required to be reported in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses; year-to-date amounts are $10 and $11, respectively.