The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting, and in the opinion of management, include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s interim financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The results of the six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 or other future periods.

The consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts and operations of the Company and those of its subsidiaries, including Funds, in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest ownership is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity. However, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve holding a majority of the voting interests. In accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 810 (“ASC 810”) Consolidation, the Company consolidates any VIE of which it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary, as defined in ASC 810, is the party that has (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company evaluates its relationships with its VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine whether it continues to be the primary beneficiary. The consolidated financial statements reflect the assets and liabilities of VIEs that are consolidated. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company regularly makes estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, revenue recognition constraints that result in variable consideration, the discount rate used to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component, the estimates that affect the collectability of accounts receivable, the valuation of inventories, the useful lives of solar energy systems, the useful lives of property and equipment, the discount rate used for operating and financing leases, the valuation of stock-based compensation, the determination of valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets, the fair value of debt instruments disclosed and the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from such estimates.

The Company has one operating segment with one business activity, providing solar energy services and products to customers. The Company's chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis. When evaluating performance and allocating resources, the CODM uses consolidated income (loss) from operations and net income (loss). These financial metrics are used by the CODM to make key operating decisions, such as the determination of volume targets and the allocation of budget between cost of revenues, sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses. The CODM does not use asset or liability information in evaluating the Company’s operating segment.

Revenue from external customers (including, but not limited to homeowners) for each group of similar products and services is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Customer agreements	$	433,439	$	358,084	$	814,799	$	662,218
Incentives	24,561		29,741		46,121		48,574
Customer agreements and incentives	458,000		387,825		860,920		710,792

Solar energy systems	37,874		55,281		77,942		120,346
Product sales	73,462		80,760		134,745		150,916
Solar energy systems and product sales	111,336		136,041		212,687		271,262
Total revenue	$	569,336	$	523,866	$	1,073,607	$	982,054

Revenue from Customer Agreements includes payments by customers for the use of the system as well as utility and other rebates assigned by the customer to the Company in the Customer Agreement. Revenue from incentives includes revenue from the sale of solar renewable energy credits (“SRECs”).

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Cash and restricted cash consists of the following (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Beginning of period:
Cash	$	574,956	$	678,821
Restricted cash, current and long-term	372,460		309,017
Total	$	947,416	$	987,838

End of period:
Cash	$	618,057	$	707,587
Restricted cash, current and long-term	394,020		334,661
Total	$	1,012,077	$	1,042,248

The Company has an asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) arising from contractual or regulatory requirements to perform certain asset retirement activities at the time the Company's solar energy systems are retired. The Company recognizes a corresponding ARO when an obligating event takes place, which typically is when the solar energy system is installed. An asset is considered retired when it is permanently taken out of service, such as through a sale or disposal. The Company's aggregate ARO is immaterial and is recorded as a component of solar energy systems, net and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company's ARO balances are subject to change in future periods given the inherent uncertainty in estimating asset retirement costs and timing.

The Company has entered into supplier finance agreements with certain financial institutions, whereby these institutions pay amounts related to trade and inventory payables to suppliers on behalf of the Company. The terms of these agreements allow the Company to extend, at its sole discretion, the original supplier payment terms up to 90 or 120 days. The Company does not provide any form of guarantee under these financing agreements. Amounts outstanding under these agreements were $73.5 million as of June 30, 2025 and $130.2 million as of December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company records interest for the period the supplier finance obligation is outstanding and reflects the proceeds and payments related to these transactions as a financing activity within its consolidated statements of cash flows.

When the Company receives consideration, or when such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to delivering goods or services to the customer under the terms of a Customer Agreement, the Company records deferred revenue. Such deferred revenue consists of amounts for which the criteria for revenue recognition have not yet been met and includes amounts that are collected or assigned from customers, including upfront deposits and prepayments, and rebates. Deferred revenue relating to financing components represents the cumulative excess of interest expense recorded on financing component elements over the related revenue recognized to date and will eventually net to zero by the end of the initial term. Amounts received related to the sales of SRECs which have not yet been delivered to the counterparty are recorded as deferred revenue.

The balance of deferred revenue was $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2023. Deferred revenue consists of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Under Customer Agreements:
Payments received, net	$	983,765	$	950,225
Financing component balance	83,544		79,731
	1,067,309		1,029,956

Under SREC contracts:
Payments received, net	339,031		291,972
Financing component balance	19,432		16,419
	358,463		308,391

Total	$	1,425,772	$	1,338,347

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $39.4 million and $34.5 million, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $71.6 million and $62.2 million, respectively, from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the respective periods. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized and includes deferred revenue as well as amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but not yet recognized revenue was approximately $34.3 billion as of June 30, 2025, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 5% over the next 12 months. The annual recognition is not expected to vary significantly over the next 10 years as the vast majority of existing Customer Agreements have at least 10 years remaining, given that the average age of the Company’s fleet of residential solar energy systems under Customer Agreements is less than six years due to the Company being formed in 2007 and having experienced significant growth in the last few years. The annual recognition on these existing contracts will gradually decline over the midpoint of the typical 20- or 25-year initial term of individual Customer Agreements.

The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company uses valuation approaches to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The FASB establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

•Level 2—Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. Assets that are written down to fair value when impaired are not subsequently adjusted to fair value unless further impairment occurs.

Customer agreements and incentives revenue is primarily comprised of revenue from Customer Agreements in which the Company provides continuous access to a functioning solar energy system and revenue from the sales of SRECs generated by the Company’s solar energy systems to third parties.

The Company begins to recognize revenue on Customer Agreements when permission to operate (“PTO”) is given by the local utility company or on the date daily operation commences if utility approval is not required. Revenue recognition does not necessarily follow the receipt of cash. For Customer Agreements that include a fixed fee per month which entitles the customer to any and all electricity generated by the system, and for which the Company’s obligation is to provide continuous access to a functioning solar energy system, the Company recognizes revenue evenly over the time that it satisfies its performance obligations, which is over the initial term of the Customer Agreements. Customer Agreements typically have an initial term of 20 or 25 years. After the initial contract term, Customer Agreements typically automatically renew annually or for a five year term.

In determining the transaction price, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money when the timing of payments provides it with a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customer. In those circumstances, the contract contains a significant financing component. When adjusting the promised amount of consideration for a significant financing component, the Company uses the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the entity and its customer at contract inception and recognizes the revenue amount on a straight-line basis over the term of the Customer Agreement, and interest expense using the effective interest rate method.

Consideration from customers is considered variable due to the performance guarantee under Customer Agreements and liquidating damage provisions under SREC contracts in the event minimum deliveries are not achieved. Performance guarantees provide a credit to the customer if the system’s cumulative production, as measured on various PTO anniversary dates, is below the Company’s guarantee of a specified minimum. Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of such revenue will not occur.

The Company capitalizes incremental costs incurred to obtain a contract in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. These amounts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Customer Agreements, and are included in Sales and marketing in the consolidated statements of operations.

For solar energy systems sold to customers, revenue is recognized when the solar energy system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction, which inspection generally occurs after installation but prior to PTO, at which time the Company has met the performance obligation in the contract. For solar energy system sales that include delivery obligations up until interconnection to the local power grid with PTO, the Company recognizes revenue at PTO. Certain solar energy systems sold to customers include fees for extended warranty and maintenance services. These fees are recognized over the life of the service agreement. The Company’s installation Projects are typically completed in less than twelve months.

Product sales consist of batteries and other solar energy products sold to resellers, roofing repair, and customer leads. Product sales revenue is recognized at the time when control is transferred, upon shipment, or as services are delivered. Customer lead revenue, included in product sales, is recognized at the time the lead is delivered.

Cost of revenue for customer agreements and incentives is primarily comprised of (1) the depreciation of the cost of the solar energy systems, as reduced by amortization of deferred grants, (2) solar energy system operations, monitoring and maintenance costs including associated personnel costs, and (3) allocated corporate overhead costs.

Cost of revenue for solar energy systems and non-lead generation product sales consist of direct and indirect material and labor costs for solar energy systems installations and product sales. Also included are engineering and design costs, estimated warranty costs, freight costs, allocated corporate overhead costs, vehicle depreciation costs and personnel costs associated with supply chain, logistics, operations management, safety and quality control. Cost of revenue for lead generations consists of costs related to direct-response advertising activities associated with generating customer leads.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements — Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, to modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of topics, which will allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the SEC’s requirements, and to align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard codification with the SEC’s regulations. The amendments in this ASU are effective when the related disclosure is effectively removed from Regulations S-X or S-K, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of the amendments and the impact on its future consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact it may have on its financial statement disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC issued Final Rule 33-11275 and 34-99678 - The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. This rule requires registrants to provide standardized disclosures related to climate-related risks, governance and risk management strategies, and the financial impact of severe weather events and Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions. The rule requires implementation in phases between 2025 and 2033. In April 2024, the SEC announced that it would voluntarily stay its final climate disclosure rules pending judicial review. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the rule on its future consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures: Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This guidance requires disclosures about significant expense categories, including but not limited to, inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and selling expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact it may have on its financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) — Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments. This guidance clarifies the requirements for determining whether to account for certain early settlements of convertible debt instruments as induced conversions or extinguishment. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted for entities that have already adopted ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40), Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact it may have on its future consolidated financial statements.