License and Collaborations	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
License and Collaboration Agreements [Abstract]
License and Collaborations	License and collaborations We enter into licensing agreements, strategic collaborations and other similar arrangements with third parties for the development and commercialization of certain investigational products. These arrangements: may be collaborative and involve two or more parties who are active participants in the operating activities of the collaboration and are exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the commercial success of the activities; are performed with no guarantee of either technological or commercial success; and are each unique in nature. Such arrangements may include: non-refundable upfront payments; payments for options to acquire certain rights; potential development and regulatory milestone payments and/or sales-based milestone payments; royalty payments; revenue or profit-sharing arrangements; expense reimbursements; and cost-sharing arrangements. Operating expenses for costs incurred pursuant to these arrangements are reported in their respective expense line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, net of any payments due to or reimbursements due from our collaboration partners, with such reimbursements being recognized at the time the party becomes obligated to pay. Our significant arrangements are discussed below. For a more detailed discussion on revenues recognized under these arrangements, see Note 5, Revenues. Gilead Collaboration See Note 3, Related party - Gilead Sciences, Inc., for more information. Taiho Collaboration In 2017, we entered into an agreement with Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ("Taiho") under which we granted them exclusive options to programs arising over a five-year period which ended in September 2022 for an upfront payment of $35 million. Upon exercising their option to a program, Taiho would obtain exclusive development and commercialization rights to investigational products under the program to Japan and certain other Asian countries (excluding China) (the "Taiho Territory"). For each option to a program that Taiho exercises, they will be obligated to make a payment of $3 million to $15 million, depending on the development stage of the optioned program. Upon exercise, Taiho is solely responsible for continued development and commercialization in the Taiho Territory, unless they opt to participate in a global study, in which case they would become obligated to reimburse us for their portion of the global study costs. In addition, for each optioned program we would be eligible to receive clinical and regulatory milestones of up to $130 million and commercial milestone payments of up to $145 million with the achievement of certain sales thresholds in the Taiho Territory. We will also receive royalties ranging from high single-digits to mid-teens on net sales of licensed products in the Taiho Territory. Royalties will be payable by product and country commencing on the first commercial sale and ending upon the later of: (a) 10 years; and (b) expiration of the last-to-expire valid claim of our patents covering the manufacture, use or sale. As of June 30, 2025, Taiho has licenses for the Taiho Territory to (i) etrumadenant (the adenosine receptor antagonist program); (ii) zimberelimab (the anti PD-1 program); (iii) domvanalimab and AB308 (the anti-TIGIT program); and (iv) quemliclustat (the CD73 program), for which Taiho exercised its option and made an option payment of $15 million in the third quarter 2024. In 2022, Taiho opted to participate in two global Phase 3 trials of domvanalimab and zimberelimab combinations, STAR-121 and STAR-221, and became obligated to reimburse us for their portion of the global study costs, and to make milestone payments contingent upon successfully satisfying the related clinical milestones. The clinical milestones for domvanalimab and zimberelimab for the STAR-221 study were met in 2023, and Taiho became obligated to pay us $28 million which has been fully received. The clinical milestones for domvanalimab and zimberelimab for the STAR-121 study were met in the first quarter 2024 and Taiho became obligated to pay us $26 million, of which $16 million was received in the first quarter 2024 and the remaining $10 million was received in the first quarter 2025. In the third quarter 2024, Taiho opted to participate in the global Phase 3 trial of quemliclustat, PRISM-1, and became obligated to reimburse us for their portion of the global study costs and in the first quarter 2025, Taiho dosed their first patient in Japan for PRISM-1, and became obligated to make milestone payments totaling $19 million of which $12 million was received in the first quarter 2025 and the remaining $7 million is due in the first quarter 2026. Due to the nature of this arrangement, these clinical milestones were determined to be advance cost sharing payments for a portion of the related global study Research and Development ("R&D") costs under the collaboration and are deferred and recognized as a reduction in R&D expense as the related global studies are performed, calculated as an estimated percentage of completion based on the estimated total effort for the programs. We recognized net reimbursements including amortization of advance cost sharing payments from Taiho for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 of $8 million and $4 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 of $17 million and $7 million, respectively, recognized as a reduction in R&D expense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized revenue of $3 million and $7 million, respectively under this agreement. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $11 million and $14 million, respectively, related to these agreements recorded in Receivable from collaboration partners on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had liabilities of $45 million and $36 million, respectively related to certain advance cost sharing payments under this arrangement recorded in Other liabilities, allocated between current and noncurrent based on the expected timing of future recognition. AstraZeneca Collaboration In 2020, we entered into a collaboration with AstraZeneca to evaluate domvanalimab, our investigational anti-TIGIT antibody, in combination with AstraZeneca’s durvalumab in a registrational Phase 3 clinical trial in patients with unresectable Stage 3 non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC"), known as the PACIFIC-8 trial. The terms of this agreement were amended in the first quarter 2024. Under the collaboration, as amended, each company will retain existing rights to their respective molecules and any future commercial economics. AstraZeneca will conduct the trial, and each company will supply their respective investigational product to support the trial. We may incur milestones of up to $24 million upon the achievement of certain clinical trial progress milestones or under certain circumstances if the agreement is terminated early and we will reimburse AstraZeneca annually for a portion of the trial costs. The portion of the costs that we consider to be unavoidable are accrued as incurred and milestones that are deemed probable of occurring are accrued in advance of the achievement of the milestone. Prior to January 2024, the PACIFIC-8 trial formed part of the Arcus and Gilead joint development program for domvanalimab and our portion of the trial costs were shared with Gilead. At December 31, 2023, we had recognized amounts due from Gilead for these shared costs of $6 million, recorded in Other noncurrent assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Under the Third Gilead Collaboration Agreement Amendment, we agreed to solely fund our share of PACIFIC-8, subject to Gilead’s right to reinstate PACIFIC-8 as part of the parties’ joint development activities for the TIGIT Program in the first quarter 2026. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred $6 million under the Third Gilead Collaboration Agreement as R&D expense, reflecting our additional share of costs previously shared with Gilead. We recognized as R&D expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 of $4 million and $4 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 of $8 million and $6 million, respectively under this arrangement. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we recognized a total liability of $21 million and $26 million, respectively, related to our obligation to AstraZeneca, recorded in Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of payment. WuXi Biologics License - anti-PD-1 In 2017, we entered into an agreement with WuXi Biologics Ireland Limited ("WuXi Biologics") which, as amended, provides us with exclusive rights to (i) develop, use and manufacture products that include an anti-PD-1 antibody, including zimberelimab, worldwide and (ii) commercialize any such products worldwide, except in Greater China. As of June 30, 2025, under this arrangement, we may incur (i) additional regulatory milestone payments of up to $50 million and commercialization milestone payments of up to $375 million, (ii) tiered royalties that range from the high single-digits to low teens on net sales of the licensed products and (iii) fees related to any sublicenses. We did not have any milestones or royalties due under this arrangement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. WuXi Biologics License - anti-CD39 In 2020, we entered into an agreement with WuXi Biologics, under which we obtained the exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize anti-CD39 antibodies discovered under this arrangement. As of June 30, 2025, we may incur additional clinical and regulatory milestone payments of up to $14 million and royalty payments in the low single digits on net sales of the licensed products under this agreement. We did not have any milestones or royalties due under this arrangement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Abmuno License In 2016, we entered into an agreement (the "Abmuno Agreement") with Abmuno Therapeutics LLC ("Abmuno"), under which we obtained the exclusive worldwide license to develop, use, manufacture, and commercialize products that include an anti-TIGIT antibody, including domvanalimab. As of June 30, 2025, under this arrangement we may incur additional clinical, regulatory and commercialization milestone payments of up to $88 million. We did not have any milestones due under this arrangement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

We enter into licensing agreements, strategic collaborations and other similar arrangements with third parties for the development and commercialization of certain investigational products. These arrangements: may be collaborative and involve two or more parties who are active participants in the operating activities of the collaboration and are exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the commercial success of the activities; are performed with no guarantee of either technological or commercial success; and are each unique in nature. Such arrangements may include: non-refundable upfront payments; payments for options to acquire certain rights; potential development and regulatory milestone payments and/or sales-based milestone payments; royalty payments; revenue or profit-sharing arrangements; expense reimbursements; and cost-sharing arrangements.

Operating expenses for costs incurred pursuant to these arrangements are reported in their respective expense line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, net of any payments due to or reimbursements due from our collaboration partners, with such reimbursements being recognized at the time the party becomes obligated to pay.

In 2017, we entered into an agreement with Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ("Taiho") under which we granted them exclusive options to programs arising over a five-year period which ended in September 2022 for an upfront payment of $35 million. Upon exercising their option to a program, Taiho would obtain exclusive development and commercialization rights to investigational products under the program to Japan and certain other Asian countries (excluding China) (the "Taiho Territory").

For each option to a program that Taiho exercises, they will be obligated to make a payment of $3 million to $15 million, depending on the development stage of the optioned program. Upon exercise, Taiho is solely responsible for continued development and commercialization in the Taiho Territory, unless they opt to participate in a global study, in which case they would become obligated to reimburse us for their portion of the global study costs. In addition, for each optioned program we would be eligible to receive clinical and regulatory milestones of up to $130 million and commercial milestone payments of up to $145 million with the achievement of certain sales thresholds in the Taiho Territory. We will also receive royalties ranging from high single-digits to mid-teens on net sales of licensed products in the Taiho Territory. Royalties will be payable by product and country commencing on the first commercial sale and ending upon the later of: (a) 10 years; and (b) expiration of the last-to-expire valid claim of our patents covering the manufacture, use or sale.

As of June 30, 2025, Taiho has licenses for the Taiho Territory to (i) etrumadenant (the adenosine receptor antagonist program); (ii) zimberelimab (the anti PD-1 program); (iii) domvanalimab and AB308 (the anti-TIGIT program); and (iv) quemliclustat (the CD73 program), for which Taiho exercised its option and made an option payment of $15 million in the third quarter 2024.

In 2022, Taiho opted to participate in two global Phase 3 trials of domvanalimab and zimberelimab combinations, STAR-121 and STAR-221, and became obligated to reimburse us for their portion of the global study costs, and to make milestone payments contingent upon successfully satisfying the related clinical milestones. The clinical milestones for domvanalimab and zimberelimab for the STAR-221 study were met in 2023, and Taiho became obligated to pay us $28 million which has been fully received. The clinical milestones for domvanalimab and zimberelimab for the STAR-121 study were met in the first quarter 2024 and Taiho became obligated to pay us $26 million, of which $16 million was received in the first quarter 2024 and the remaining $10 million was received in the first quarter 2025. In the third quarter 2024, Taiho opted to participate in the global Phase 3 trial of quemliclustat, PRISM-1, and became obligated to reimburse us for their portion of the global study costs and in the first quarter 2025, Taiho dosed their first patient in Japan for PRISM-1, and became obligated to make milestone payments totaling $19 million of which $12 million was received in the first quarter 2025 and the remaining $7 million is due in the first quarter 2026. Due to the nature of this arrangement, these clinical milestones were determined to be advance cost sharing payments for a portion of the related global study Research and Development ("R&D") costs under the collaboration and are deferred and recognized as a reduction in R&D expense as the related global studies are performed, calculated as an estimated percentage of completion based on the estimated total effort for the programs.

We recognized net reimbursements including amortization of advance cost sharing payments from Taiho for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 of $8 million and $4 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 of $17 million and $7 million, respectively, recognized as a reduction in R&D expense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized revenue of $3 million and $7 million, respectively under this agreement.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $11 million and $14 million, respectively, related to these agreements recorded in Receivable from collaboration partners on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had liabilities of $45 million and $36 million, respectively related to certain advance cost sharing payments under this arrangement recorded in Other liabilities, allocated between current and noncurrent based on the expected timing of future recognition.

In 2020, we entered into a collaboration with AstraZeneca to evaluate domvanalimab, our investigational anti-TIGIT antibody, in combination with AstraZeneca’s durvalumab in a registrational Phase 3 clinical trial in patients with unresectable Stage 3 non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC"), known as the PACIFIC-8 trial. The terms of this agreement were amended in the first quarter 2024.

Under the collaboration, as amended, each company will retain existing rights to their respective molecules and any future commercial economics. AstraZeneca will conduct the trial, and each company will supply their respective investigational product to support the trial. We may incur milestones of up to $24 million upon the achievement of certain clinical trial progress milestones or under certain circumstances if the agreement is terminated early and we will reimburse AstraZeneca annually for a portion of the trial costs. The portion of the costs that we consider to be unavoidable are accrued as incurred and milestones that are deemed probable of occurring are accrued in advance of the achievement of the milestone.

Prior to January 2024, the PACIFIC-8 trial formed part of the Arcus and Gilead joint development program for domvanalimab and our portion of the trial costs were shared with Gilead. At December 31, 2023, we had recognized amounts due from Gilead for these shared costs of $6 million, recorded in Other noncurrent assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Under the Third Gilead Collaboration Agreement Amendment, we agreed to solely fund our share of PACIFIC-8, subject to Gilead’s right to reinstate PACIFIC-8 as part of the parties’ joint development activities for the TIGIT Program in the first quarter 2026. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred $6 million under the Third Gilead Collaboration Agreement as R&D expense, reflecting our additional share of costs previously shared with Gilead.

In 2017, we entered into an agreement with WuXi Biologics Ireland Limited ("WuXi Biologics") which, as amended, provides us with exclusive rights to (i) develop, use and manufacture products that include an anti-PD-1 antibody, including zimberelimab, worldwide and (ii) commercialize any such products worldwide, except in Greater China. As of June 30, 2025, under this arrangement, we may incur (i) additional regulatory milestone payments of up to $50 million and commercialization milestone payments of up to $375 million, (ii) tiered royalties that range from the high single-digits to low teens on net sales of the licensed products and (iii) fees related to any sublicenses.

In 2020, we entered into an agreement with WuXi Biologics, under which we obtained the exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize anti-CD39 antibodies discovered under this arrangement. As of June 30, 2025, we may incur additional clinical and regulatory milestone payments of up to $14 million and royalty payments in the low single digits on net sales of the licensed products under this agreement.

In 2016, we entered into an agreement (the "Abmuno Agreement") with Abmuno Therapeutics LLC ("Abmuno"), under which we obtained the exclusive worldwide license to develop, use, manufacture, and commercialize products that include an anti-TIGIT antibody, including domvanalimab. As of June 30, 2025, under this arrangement we may incur additional clinical, regulatory and commercialization milestone payments of up to $88 million.