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Fair Value Measurements
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
(In Thousands)
Fair Value Measurements and the Fair Level Hierarchy
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1), moderate priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities and/or based on assumptions that are observable in the market (Level 2), and the lowest priority to a valuation based on assumptions that are not observable in the market (Level 3).
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with applicable standards. The Company’s recurring fair value measurements are based on the requirement to carry such assets and liabilities at fair value or the Company’s election to carry certain eligible assets at fair value. Assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis include securities available for sale and derivative instruments. The Company has elected to carry mortgage loans held for sale at fair value on a recurring basis as permitted under the guidance in ASC 825, “Financial Instruments” (“ASC 825”).
The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis:
Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale consist primarily of debt securities, such as obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage-backed securities. Where quoted market prices in active markets are available, securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If
quoted prices from active markets are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar instruments traded in markets that are not active, or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Such instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When assumptions used in model-based valuation techniques are not observable in the market, the assumptions used by management reflect estimates of assumptions used by other market participants in determining fair value. When there is limited transparency around the inputs to the valuation, the instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivative instruments: Most of the Company’s derivative contracts are extensively traded in over-the-counter markets and are valued using discounted cash flow models which incorporate observable market-based inputs including current market interest rates, credit spreads, and other factors. Such instruments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and include interest rate swaps, interest rate collars and other interest rate contracts such as risk participations, interest rate caps and/or floors. The Company’s interest rate lock commitments are valued using current market prices for mortgage-backed securities with similar characteristics, adjusted for certain factors including servicing and risk. The value of the Company’s forward commitments is based on current prices for securities backed by similar types of loans. Because these assumptions are observable in active markets, the Company’s interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Mortgage loans held for sale in loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are primarily agency loans which trade in active secondary markets. The fair value of these instruments is derived from current market pricing for similar loans, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics, including servicing and risk. Because the valuation is based on external pricing of similar instruments, mortgage loans held for sale are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables present assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates presented:
 
Level 1Level 2Level 3Totals
June 30, 2025
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale$— $2,471,487 $— $2,471,487 
Derivative instruments— 50,629 — 50,629 
Mortgage loans held for sale in loans held for sale— 356,791 — 356,791 
Total financial assets$— $2,878,907 $— $2,878,907 
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instruments:$— $46,204 $— $46,204 

Level 1Level 2Level 3Totals
December 31, 2024
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale$— $831,013 $— $831,013 
Derivative instruments— 38,954 — 38,954 
Mortgage loans held for sale in loans held for sale— 246,171 — 246,171 
Total financial assets$— $1,116,138 $— $1,116,138 
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instruments$— $32,268 $— $32,268 

The Company reviews fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the Company’s ability to observe inputs to the valuation may cause reclassification of certain assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. Transfers between levels of the hierarchy are deemed to have occurred at the end of period. There were no such transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, there were no gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets or liabilities held at the end of each respective period that were measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs.
 
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
Certain assets and liabilities may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically are a result of the application of the lower of cost or market accounting or a write-down occurring during the period. The following tables provide the fair value measurement for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates presented and the level within the fair value hierarchy each is classified:
 
June 30, 2025Level 1Level 2Level 3Totals
Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses$— $— $42,838 $42,838 
OREO— — 3,151 3,151 
Total$— $— $45,989 $45,989 
 
December 31, 2024Level 1Level 2Level 3Totals
Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses$— $— $38,374 $38,374 
OREO— — $3,666 3,666 
Total$— $— $42,040 $42,040 

The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets measured on a nonrecurring basis:

Individually evaluated loans: Individually evaluated loans are reviewed and evaluated for credit losses on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, taking into account the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets including but not limited to equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The fair value of real estate is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The fair value of the business assets is generally based on amounts reported on the business’s financial statements. Appraised and reported values may be adjusted based on changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and management’s knowledge of the client and the client’s business. Since not all valuation inputs are observable, these nonrecurring fair value determinations are classified as Level 3. Individually evaluated loans that were measured or re-measured at fair value had a carrying value of $65,862 and $53,157 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and a specific reserve for these loans of $23,024 and $14,782 was included in the allowance for credit losses as of such dates.
Other real estate owned: OREO is comprised of commercial and residential real estate obtained in partial or total satisfaction of loan obligations. OREO acquired in settlement of indebtedness is recorded at the fair value of the real estate less estimated costs to sell. Subsequently, it may be necessary to record nonrecurring fair value adjustments for declines in fair value. Fair value, when recorded, is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers and adjusted for management’s estimates of costs to sell. Accordingly, values for OREO are classified as Level 3.
The following table presents, as of the dates presented, OREO measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that was still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at period-end:
 
June 30,
2025		December 31, 2024
Carrying amount prior to remeasurement$3,736 $4,038 
Impairment recognized in results of operations(585)(372)
Fair value$3,151 $3,666 

Mortgage servicing rights: Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, market discount rates, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, and other factors. Because these factors are not all observable and include management’s assumptions, mortgage servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage servicing rights were carried at amortized cost at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There were no valuation adjustments on MSRs during the six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2025 about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
 
Financial instrumentFair
Value		Valuation TechniqueSignificant
Unobservable Inputs		Range of Inputs
Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses$42,838 Appraised value of collateral less estimated costs to sellEstimated costs to sell
4-10%
OREO$3,151 Appraised value of property less estimated costs to sellEstimated costs to sell
4-10%




Fair Value Option
The Company has elected to measure all mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option as permitted under ASC 825. Electing to measure these assets at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches the changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used to economically hedge them.
A net gain of $5,209 and net loss of $251 resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These amounts do not reflect changes in fair values of related derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans. The change in fair value of both mortgage loans held for sale and the related derivative instruments are recorded in “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company’s valuation of mortgage loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value is accrued as it is earned based on contractual rates and is reflected in loan interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table summarizes the differences between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
 
Aggregate
Fair Value		Aggregate
Unpaid
Principal
Balance		Difference
June 30, 2025
Mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value$356,791 $349,629 $7,162 
December 31, 2024
Mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value$246,171 $244,218 $1,953 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, including those assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis, were as follows as of the dates presented:
 
  Fair Value
As of June 30, 2025Carrying
Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents$1,378,612 $1,378,612 $— $— $1,378,612 
Securities held to maturity1,076,817 — 984,359 — 984,359 
Securities available for sale2,471,487 — 2,471,487 — 2,471,487 
Loans held for sale356,791 — 356,791 — 356,791 
Loans, net18,272,677 — — 18,123,260 18,123,260 
Mortgage servicing rights64,539 — — 80,772 80,772 
Derivative instruments50,629 — 50,629 — 50,629 
Financial liabilities
Deposits$21,582,637 $21,567,625 $— $21,567,625 
Short-term borrowings405,349 405,349 — — 405,349 
Junior subordinated debentures140,079 — 125,033 — 125,033 
Subordinated notes416,896 — 405,750 — 405,750 
Derivative instruments46,204 — 46,204 — 46,204 
 
  Fair Value
As of December 31, 2024Carrying
Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents$1,092,032 $1,092,032 $— $— $1,092,032 
Securities held to maturity1,126,112 — 1,002,544 — 1,002,544 
Securities available for sale831,013 — 831,013 — 831,013 
Loans held for sale246,171 — 246,171 — 246,171 
Loans, net12,683,264 — — 12,340,638 12,340,638 
Mortgage servicing rights72,991 — — 96,290 96,290 
Derivative instruments38,954 — 38,954 — 38,954 
Financial liabilities
Deposits$14,572,612 $14,570,304 $— $14,570,304 
Short-term borrowings108,018 108,018 — — 108,018 
Junior subordinated debentures113,916 — 100,668 — 100,668 
Subordinated notes316,698 — 295,868 — 295,868 
Derivative instruments32,268 — 32,268 — 32,268