v3.25.2
Variable Interest Entities (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]  
Significant types of variable interest entities by business segment
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorganChase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorganChase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorganChase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorganChase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.
Line of BusinessTransaction TypeActivityForm 10-Q page references
CCBCredit card securitization trustsSecuritization of originated credit card receivables160
Mortgage securitization trustsServicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages160–162
CIBMortgage and other securitization trustsSecuritization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans160–162
Multi-seller conduitsAssisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs162
Municipal bond vehiclesFinancing of municipal bond investments162
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules),
recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests. Refer to page 166 of this Note for information on the securitization-related loan delinquencies and liquidation losses.
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorganChase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
June 30, 2025
(in millions)		Total assets held by securitization VIEsAssets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvementTrading assets Investment securitiesOther financial assetsTotal interests held by JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs$76,777 $583 $57,553 $995 $1,901 $716 $3,612 
Subprime9,046 — 1,940 39 16 — 55 
Commercial and other(b)
197,239 229 137,642 742 5,886 1,069 7,697 
Total$283,062 $812 $197,135 $1,776 $7,803 $1,785 $11,364 
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorganChase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2024
(in millions)		Total assets held by securitization VIEsAssets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvementTrading assets Investment securitiesOther financial assetsTotal interests held by
JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs$71,085 $615 $50,846 $613 $1,850 $614 $3,077 
Subprime8,824 — 1,847 44 19 — 63 
Commercial and other(b)
186,293 243 125,510 530 5,768 1,074 7,372 
Total$266,202 $858 $178,203 $1,187 $7,637 $1,688 $10,512 
(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.
(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.
(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $172 million and $256 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and subordinated securities of $81 million and $49 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.
(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(e)As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 78% and 77%, respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $3.2 billion and $2.9 billion of investment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and $367 million and $216 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $6.6 billion and $6.0 billion of investment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and $1.0 billion and $1.4 billion of noninvestment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Re-securitizations
The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)2025202420252024
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies$4,708 $12,772 $10,198 $21,178 
The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.
Nonconsolidated
re-securitization VIEs
(in millions)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs
$2,866 $3,219 
Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
AssetsLiabilities
June 30, 2025
(in millions)		Trading assetsLoans
Other(c)
 Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts$—$12,596$161$12,757$5,374$11$5,385
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits—20,66612920,79518,4953518,530
Municipal bond vehicles3,446—183,4643,678113,689
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
25961060811143154
Other6954,576
(b)
3145,58542368410
Total$4,143$38,434$632$43,209$27,700$468$28,168
AssetsLiabilities
December 31, 2024
(in millions)		Trading assetsLoans
Other(c)
 Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts$—$13,531$168$13,699$5,312$10$5,322
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits120,38313320,51718,2282618,254
Municipal bond vehicles3,388—223,4103,617153,632
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
—630863811548163
Other4961,966
(b)
3502,81251355406
Total$3,885$36,510$681$41,076$27,323$454$27,777
(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.
(b)Primarily includes consumer loans in CIB.
(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.
(e)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified on the Consolidated balance sheets as “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorganChase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $5.5 billion at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Programs under proportional amortization method
The following table provides information on tax-oriented investments for which the Firm elected to apply the proportional amortization method.
(in millions)Alternative energy and affordable housing programs
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2025202420252024
Programs for which the Firm elected proportional amortization:
Carrying value(a)
$31,833 $30,498 $31,833 $30,498 
Tax credits and other tax benefits(b)
1,441 1,521 2,799 2,787 
Investments that qualify to be accounted for using proportional amortization:
Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense
(1,048)(1,135)(2,030)(2,151)
Non-income-tax-related gains/(losses) and other returns received that are recognized outside of income tax expense(c)
48 20 79 68 
(a)Recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets. Excludes programs to which the Firm does not apply the proportional amortization method, such as historic tax credit and new market tax credit programs.
(b)Reflected in Income tax expense on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
(c)Recorded in Other income on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
Securitization activities
The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2025202420252024
(in millions)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized$6,430 $2,006 $4,471 $4,886 $10,954 $4,840 $9,393 $7,244 
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)
$6,539 $2,014 $4,310 $4,784 $11,204 $4,863 $9,141 $7,108 
Servicing fees collected9 10 6 8 17 21 12 11 
Cash flows received on interests184 147 92 165 304 426 162 295 
(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b)Primarily includes Level 2 assets.
(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(e)Includes commercial mortgages and auto loans.
Summary of loan sale activities
The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)2025202420252024
Carrying value of loans sold
$5,900 $6,630 $14,514 $11,166 
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
140 60 778 366 
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)
5,693 6,499 13,586 10,691 
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)
$5,833 $6,559 $14,364 $11,057 
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)
$— $— $— $— 
(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.
(b)Included in level 2 assets.
(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.
(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.
(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
Options to repurchase delinquent loans
The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(in millions)June 30,
2025		December 31,
2024
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase(a)
$731 $577 
Real estate owned
3 6 
Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans(b)
9 10 
(a)Primarily all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.
(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.
Information about loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. For loans sold or securitized where servicing is the Firm’s only form of continuing involvement, the Firm generally experiences a loss only if the Firm was required to repurchase a delinquent loan or foreclosed asset due to a breach in representations and warranties associated with its loan sale or servicing contracts.
Net liquidation losses/(recoveries)
Securitized assets90 days past dueThree months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024June 30, 2025December 31, 20242025202420252024
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs$57,553 $50,846 $637 $501 $2 $5 $5 $7 
Subprime1,940 1,847 97 113 (1)— — 1 
Commercial and other137,642 125,510 1,772 1,715 61 13 121 19 
Total loans securitized$197,135 $178,203 $2,506 $2,329 $62 $18 $126 $27