Loans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.

Consumer, excluding
credit card

Credit card

Wholesale(c)(d)

• Residential real estate(a)

• Auto and other(b)

• Credit card loans

• Secured by real estate

• Commercial and industrial

• Other(e)

(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.

(b)Includes scored auto, business banking and consumer unsecured loans as well as overdrafts, primarily in CCB.

(c)Includes loans held in CIB, AWM, Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.

(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") in effect at each period presented, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.

(e)Includes loans to financial institutions, SPEs, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2024 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.

Loans by portfolio segment

The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.


June 30, 2025 (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total(a)(b)
Retained	$	371,855	$	232,943	$	740,675	$	1,345,473
Held-for-sale	836		—		12,383		13,219
At fair value	21,349		—		31,951		53,300
Total	$	394,040	$	232,943	$	785,009	$	1,411,992

December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total(a)(b)
Retained	$	376,334	$	232,860	$	690,396	$	1,299,590
Held-for-sale	945		—		6,103		7,048
At fair value	15,531		—		25,819		41,350
Total	$	392,810	$	232,860	$	722,318	$	1,347,988

(a)Excludes $6.6 billion of accrued interest receivables at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Firm wrote off accrued interest receivables of $35 million and $64 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

(b)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 34 of JPMorganChase’s 2024 Form 10-K for more information on the discount associated with First Republic loans.

The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.


(in millions)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Residential real estate	$	305,061	$	309,513
Auto and other	66,794		66,821
Total retained loans	$	371,855	$	376,334

Retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale

The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of this table.


	2025									2024
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total		Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total
Purchases	$	158	(b)(c)	$	—	$	203	$	361	$	232	(b)(c)	$	—	$	193	$	425
Sales	—			—		13,365		13,365		4,602			—		10,954		15,556
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)	187			—		434		621		182			—		363		545

	2025									2024
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total		Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total
Purchases	$	285	(b)(c)	$	—	$	333	$	618	$	356	(b)(c)	$	—	$	354	$	710
Sales	—			—		25,080		25,080		7,966			—		20,536		28,502
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)	231			—		787		1,018		1,169			—		548		1,717

(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.

(b)Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.

(c)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $746 million and $80 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $962 million and $284 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.

Gains and losses on sales of loans

The following table provides information on the net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value), which were recognized in noninterest revenue. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (a)	$	113	$	(36)	$	43	$	60

(a)Includes $106 million and $(33) million related to loans for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $36 million and $33 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Financing receivable credit quality indicators

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


As of or for the six months ended June 30, 2025, (in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior to 2021			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	8,503		$	11,583		$	15,912		$	59,155		$	77,025		$	116,681		$	6,728		$	6,688		$	302,275
30–149 days past due	—			33			95			290			304			958			34			175			1,889
150 or more days past due	—			3			19			123			88			512			21			131			897
Total retained loans	$	8,503		$	11,619		$	16,026		$	59,568		$	77,417		$	118,151		$	6,783		$	6,994		$	305,061
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	—		%	0.31		%	0.71		%	0.69		%	0.51		%	1.23		%	0.81		%	4.38		%	0.91		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	1		$	3		$	4		$	2		$	14		$	2		$	26


	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024, (in millions, except ratios)	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	12,301		$	17,280		$	61,337		$	79,760		$	52,289		$	70,270		$	6,974		$	7,088		$	307,299
30–149 days past due	13			54			139			110			59			747			53			204			1,379
150 or more days past due	—			11			71			68			49			501			8			127			835
Total retained loans	$	12,314		$	17,345		$	61,547		$	79,938		$	52,397		$	71,518		$	7,035		$	7,419		$	309,513
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	0.11		%	0.37		%	0.34		%	0.22		%	0.21		%	1.72		%	0.87		%	4.46		%	0.71		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	1		$	1		$	—		$	176		$	21		$	7		$	206

(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(b)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.

(c)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.


(in millions, except weighted-average data)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)	$	3,706		$	2,984

Current estimated LTV ratios(e)(f)(g)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	$	35		$	72
Less than 660	6			3
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	134			161
Less than 660	3			5
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	4,516			4,962
Less than 660	63			73
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	291,229			294,797
Less than 660	8,396			8,534
No FICO/LTV available(h)	679			906
Total retained loans	$	305,061		$	309,513

Weighted-average LTV ratio(e)(i)	46		%	47		%
Weighted-average FICO(f)(i)	774			774

Geographic region(h)(j)
California	$	118,798		$	120,944
New York	46,348			46,854
Florida	21,748			21,820
Texas	14,364			14,531
Massachusetts	13,230			13,511
Colorado	10,418			10,465
Illinois	9,445			9,835
Washington	9,368			9,372
New Jersey	7,415			7,554
Connecticut	6,808			6,854
All other	47,119			47,773
Total retained loans	$	305,061		$	309,513

(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At June 30, 2025, approximately 8% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.

(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $37 million and $42 million and $74 million and $85 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(e)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.

(f)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

(g)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.

(h)Included U.S. government-guaranteed loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.

(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2025.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


As of or for the six months ended June 30, 2025, (in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior to 2021			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	14,637		$	21,230		$	12,475		$	6,896		$	4,776		$	1,880		$	3,752		$	173		$	65,819
30–119 days past due	84			168			237			205			126			40			33			39			932
120 or more days past due	—			1			2			—			1			3			4			32			43
Total retained loans	$	14,721		$	21,399		$	12,714		$	7,101		$	4,903		$	1,923		$	3,789		$	244		$	66,794
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.57		%	0.79		%	1.88		%	2.89		%	2.57		%	2.13		%	0.98		%	29.10		%	1.46		%
Gross charge-offs	$	76		$	130		$	131		$	86		$	40		$	48		$	—		$	3		$	514



As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024, (in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	26,165		$	15,953		$	9,201		$	7,014		$	2,895		$	624		$	3,714		$	148		$	65,714
30–119 days past due	190			283			259			179			53			23			40			34			1,061
120 or more days past due	1			1			—			5			6			—			3			30			46
Total retained loans	$	26,356		$	16,237		$	9,460		$	7,198		$	2,954		$	647		$	3,757		$	212		$	66,821
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.72		%	1.75		%	2.74		%	2.50		%	1.76		%	3.55		%	1.14		%	30.19		%	1.64		%
Gross charge-offs	$	269		$	348		$	224		$	126		$	37		$	82		$	1		$	6		$	1,093

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and geographic region as a credit quality indicator for retained auto and other consumer loans.


(in millions)	Total Auto and other
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)	$	232	$	249

Geographic region(c)
California	$	10,303	$	10,321
Texas	8,002		7,772
Florida	5,460		5,428
New York	4,869		4,905
Illinois	2,897		2,890
New Jersey	2,439		2,468
Pennsylvania	2,035		2,012
Georgia	1,717		1,716
Arizona	1,642		1,643
North Carolina	1,610		1,597
All other	25,820		26,069
Total retained loans	$	66,794	$	66,821

(a)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

(c)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2025.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


As of or for the six months ended June 30, 2025 (in millions, except ratios)	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	226,470		$	1,684		$	228,154
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,169			138			2,307
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,409			73			2,482
Total retained loans	$	231,048		$	1,895		$	232,943
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	1.98		%	11.13		%	2.06		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.04			3.85			1.07
Gross charge-offs	$	4,464		$	152		$	4,616


As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	226,532		$	1,284		$	227,816
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,291			109			2,400
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,591			53			2,644
Total retained loans	$	231,414		$	1,446		$	232,860
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	2.11		%	11.20		%	2.17		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.12			3.67			1.14
Gross charge-offs	$	7,951		$	247		$	8,198

The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.


(in millions, except ratios)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Geographic region(a)
California	$	36,331		$	36,385
Texas	24,568			24,423
New York	18,551			18,525
Florida	17,300			17,236
Illinois	12,509			12,442
New Jersey	9,652			9,644
Colorado	7,082			6,962
Ohio	6,924			6,976
Pennsylvania	6,490			6,558
Arizona	5,814			5,796
All other	87,722			87,913
Total retained loans	$	232,943		$	232,860
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660	84.7		%	85.5		%
Less than 660	15.2			14.3
No FICO available	0.1			0.2

(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2025.

The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs.


	Secured by real estate						Commercial and industrial						Other(a)							Total retained loans
(in millions, except ratios)	June 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			June 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024				June 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024				June 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	114,896		$	114,280		$	69,537		$	70,862			$	316,464		$	286,528			$	500,897		$	471,670
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized	38,355			37,422			92,234			83,191				82,649			72,743				213,238			193,356
Criticized performing	9,494			9,291			10,762			10,977				1,805			1,160				22,061			21,428
Criticized nonaccrual	1,477			1,439			2,110			1,760				892			743				4,479			3,942
Total noninvestment-grade	49,326			48,152			105,106			95,928				85,346			74,646				239,778			218,726
Total retained loans	$	164,222		$	162,432		$	174,643		$	166,790			$	401,810		$	361,174			$	740,675		$	690,396
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	69.96		%	70.36		%	39.82		%	42.49		%		78.76		%	79.33		%		67.63		%	68.32		%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	6.68			6.61			7.37			7.64				0.67			0.53				3.58			3.67
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.90			0.89			1.21			1.06				0.22			0.21				0.60			0.57

(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, SPEs, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, predominantly consisted of $122.9 billion and $114.8 billion, respectively, to individuals and individual entities; $108.4 billion and $94.0 billion, respectively, to financial institutions; and $107.7 billion and $92.5 billion, respectively, to SPEs. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2024 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.


As of or for the six months ended June 30, 2025, (in millions)	Secured by real estate
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior to 2021		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	6,750	$	9,856	$	9,689	$	23,697	$	22,249	$	41,460	$	1,195	$	—	$	114,896
Noninvestment-grade	2,896		4,087		5,258		14,582		8,185		12,500		1,724		94		49,326
Total retained loans	$	9,646	$	13,943	$	14,947	$	38,279	$	30,434	$	53,960	$	2,919	$	94	$	164,222
Gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	10	$	34	$	100	$	—	$	—	$	145


As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024, (in millions)	Secured by real estate
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	10,002	$	9,834	$	25,284	$	22,796	$	15,548	$	29,488	$	1,328	$	—	$	114,280
Noninvestment-grade	4,238		5,366		14,717		8,567		3,462		10,392		1,317		93		48,152
Total retained loans	$	14,240	$	15,200	$	40,001	$	31,363	$	19,010	$	39,880	$	2,645	$	93	$	162,432
Gross charge-offs	$	72	$	18	$	43	$	2	$	109	$	80	$	—	$	—	$	324


As of or for the six months ended June 30, 2025, (in millions)	Commercial and industrial
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior to 2021		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	8,240	$	5,194	$	4,192	$	5,830	$	2,567	$	1,575	$	41,938	$	1	$	69,537
Noninvestment-grade	16,021		17,029		9,201		8,297		3,299		1,134		50,019		106		105,106
Total retained loans	$	24,261	$	22,223	$	13,393	$	14,127	$	5,866	$	2,709	$	91,957	$	107	$	174,643
Gross charge-offs	$	53	$	6	$	5	$	47	$	111	$	9	$	160	$	5	$	396


As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024, (in millions)	Commercial and industrial
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	11,564	$	6,285	$	6,588	$	3,119	$	1,067	$	1,139	$	41,099	$	1	$	70,862
Noninvestment-grade	21,251		11,350		10,942		5,322		783		975		45,181		124		95,928
Total retained loans	$	32,815	$	17,635	$	17,530	$	8,441	$	1,850	$	2,114	$	86,280	$	125	$	166,790
Gross charge-offs	$	25	$	22	$	128	$	24	$	1	$	50	$	270	$	5	$	525


As of or for the six months ended June 30, 2025, (in millions)	Other(a)
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior to 2021		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	19,915	$	20,275	$	15,151	$	11,435	$	5,775	$	13,843	$	229,054	$	1,016	$	316,464
Noninvestment-grade	11,223		7,435		5,685		4,998		2,651		2,589		50,508		257		85,346
Total retained loans	$	31,138	$	27,710	$	20,836	$	16,433	$	8,426	$	16,432	$	279,562	$	1,273	$	401,810
Gross charge-offs	$	23	$	2	$	16	$	1	$	3	$	13	$	5	$	—	$	63


As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024, (in millions)	Other(a)
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	30,484	$	17,039	$	13,272	$	6,288	$	8,632	$	7,382	$	201,949	$	1,482	$	286,528
Noninvestment-grade	11,784		7,248		5,918		3,296		1,366		1,886		42,954		194		74,646
Total retained loans	$	42,268	$	24,287	$	19,190	$	9,584	$	9,998	$	9,268	$	244,903	$	1,676	$	361,174
Gross charge-offs	$	—	$	38	$	3	$	36	$	40	$	50	$	6	$	—	$	173

The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination.


(in millions, except ratios)	Multifamily						Other commercial						Total retained Secured by real estate loans
	June 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			June 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			June 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024
Retained loans secured by real estate	$	102,012		$	101,114		$	62,210		$	61,318		$	164,222		$	162,432
Criticized	4,745			4,700			6,226			6,030			10,971			10,730
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	4.65		%	4.65		%	10.01		%	9.83		%	6.68		%	6.61		%
Criticized nonaccrual	$	373		$	337		$	1,104		$	1,102		$	1,477		$	1,439
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.37		%	0.33		%	1.77		%	1.80		%	0.90		%	0.89		%

Geographic distribution and delinquency

The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.


	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
(in millions)	June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Loans by geographic distribution(a)
Total U.S.	$	160,885	$	159,209	$	131,795	$	127,626	$	302,940	$	278,077	$	595,620	$	564,912
Total non-U.S.	3,337		3,223		42,848		39,164		98,870		83,097		145,055		125,484
Total retained loans	$	164,222	$	162,432	$	174,643	$	166,790	$	401,810	$	361,174	$	740,675	$	690,396
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	162,413	$	159,949	$	171,693	$	164,104	$	399,339	$	359,191	$	733,445	$	683,244
30–89 days past due and still accruing	261		918		810		868		1,573		1,152		2,644		2,938
90 or more days past due and still accruing(b)	71		126		30		58		6		88		107		272
Criticized nonaccrual	1,477		1,439		2,110		1,760		892		743		4,479		3,942
Total retained loans	$	164,222	$	162,432	$	174,643	$	166,790	$	401,810	$	361,174	$	740,675	$	690,396

(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.

(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained residential real estate FDMs during the twelve months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024


(in millions)	Amortized cost basis
	Twelve months ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Current	$	323	$	125
30-149 days past due	630		19
150 or more days past due	126		14
Total	$	1,079	$	158

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained credit card FDMs during the twelve months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.


(in millions)	Amortized cost basis
	Twelve months ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	1,135	$	701
30-89 days past due and still accruing	102		61
90 or more days past due and still accruing	60		42
Total	$	1,297	$	804

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained wholesale FDMs during the twelve months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.


	Amortized cost basis
	Twelve months ended June 30, 2025						Twelve months ended June 30, 2024
(in millions)	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	585	$	1,612	$	320	$	74	$	1,271	$	134
30-89 days past due and still accruing	—		9		—		1		79		—
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2		2		—		—		—		—
Criticized nonaccrual	288		689		40		70		425		208
Total	$	875	$	2,312	$	360	$	145	$	1,775	$	342

Financial effects of FDMs

The following tables provide information on retained credit card FDMs.


	Loan modifications
	Three months ended June 30, 2025					Six months ended June 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)	$	462	0.20	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.12% to 3.45%	$	803	0.37	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.09% to 3.48%
Other(b)(c)	59		0.03		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 23.10% to 8.01%	64		0.03		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 22.93% to 8.06%
Total	$	521				$	867


	Loan modifications
	Three months ended June 30, 2024					Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)	$	259	0.12	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.89% to 3.04%	$	491	0.23	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.88% to 3.17%
Total	$	259				$	491

(a)Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer's credit card account on a fixed payment plan.

(b)The interest rates represent the weighted average at the time of modification.

(c)Primarily interest rate reduction.

The following tables provide information on retained wholesale loan modifications considered FDMs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.


	Secured by real estate
	Three months ended June 30, 2025					Six months ended June 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	336	0.20	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 21 months	$	585	0.36	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 17 months

Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	—		—		NM	42		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 35 months
Other(a)	—		—		NM	16		0.01		NM
Total	$	336				$	643

(a)Includes loans with a single modification.


	Secured by real estate
	Three months ended June 30, 2024					Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	27	0.02	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 5 months	$	28	0.02	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 5 months

Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction	35		0.02		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 185 bps	48		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 162 bps
Other(a)	—		—		NM	1		—		NM
Total	$	62				$	77

(a)Includes loans with a single modification.


	Commercial and industrial
	Three months ended June 30, 2025					Six months ended June 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	624	0.36	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 16 months	$	835	0.48	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 19 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	172		0.10		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period	418		0.24		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period



Multiple modifications

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral, interest rate reduction and term extension	90		0.05		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity, reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 1076 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 15 months	90		0.05		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity, reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 1076 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 15 months
Interest rate reduction and term extension	82		0.05		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 655 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 26 months	82		0.05		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 652 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 26 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	47		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 26 months	47		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 26 months

Other(a)	15		0.01		NM	15		0.01		NM
Total	$	1,030				$	1,487

(a)Includes loans with a single and multiple modifications.


	Commercial and industrial
	Three months ended June 30, 2024					Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	460	0.28	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 12 months	$	754	0.45	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 13 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	162		0.10		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor	166		0.10		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	20		0.01		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 19 months	115		0.07		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 20 months


Other(a)	2		—		NM	6		—		NM
Total	$	644				$	1,041

(a)Includes loans with both single and multiple modifications.


	Other
	Three months ended June 30, 2025					Six months ended June 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	109	0.03	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 6 months	$	140	0.03	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 9 months



Other(a)	3		—		NM	3		—		NM
Total	$	112				$	143

(a)Includes a loan with multiple modifications.


	Other
	Three months ended June 30, 2024					Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	19	0.01	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 7 months	$	29	0.01	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 11 months




Other(a)	15		—		NM	15		—		NM
Total	$	34				$	44

(a)Includes loans with both single and multiple modifications.

Nonaccrual loans

The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.


(in millions)	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
	June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		June 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance	$	524	$	366	$	1,839	$	1,362	$	669	$	555	$	3,032	$	2,283
Without an allowance(a)	953		1,073		271		398		223		188		1,447		1,659
Total nonaccrual loans(b)	$	1,477	$	1,439	$	2,110	$	1,760	$	892	$	743	$	4,479	$	3,942

(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Defaults of FDMs

The following table provides information on retained wholesale FDMs that defaulted in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 that were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default.


	Amortized cost basis
	Three months ended June 30, 2025						Six months ended June 30, 2025
(in millions)	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
Term extension	$	21	$	40	$	4	$	21	$	49	$	12
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	—		4		—		—		4		—

Interest rate reduction and term extension	—		—		—		—		4		—
Total(a)	$	21	$	44	$	4	$	21	$	57	$	12


	Amortized cost basis
	Three months ended June 30, 2024						Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in millions)	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
Term extension	$	1	$	110	$	9	$	6	$	111	$	11
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	—		23		—		—		23		—
Other than insignificant payment deferral and term extension	—		20		—		—		20		—
Interest rate reduction and term extension	3		1		—		3		2		—
Total(a)	$	4	$	154	$	9	$	9	$	156	$	11

(a)Represents FDMs that were 30 days or more past due.