Warrants

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, No.

480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, or ASC 480, and ASC No. 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815. The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments, whether the warrants meet the definition of a liability, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance and remeasured each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the liability-classified warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the ASC and Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of and during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on various factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation of lease liabilities, research and development expenses, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration liabilities, success payments, settlement payments and certain judgments regarding revenue recognition. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recently announced accounting pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in this update expand income tax disclosure requirements, including additional information pertaining to the rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses in the footnotes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2027, with early application permitted. The Company has not early adopted this ASU and is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of standard checking accounts, money market accounts, and all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Restricted cash represents collateral provided for letters of credit issued as security deposits in connection with the Company’s leases of its corporate facilities.