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Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The following table provides information regarding the Company's income tax expense (benefit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2025202420252024
(unaudited)(unaudited)
Income tax expense (benefit)
$(5,830)$6,386 $166 $6,505 
Effective tax rate(35.0)%24.3 %1.5 %24.5 %
Income tax benefit was $5.8 million ((35.0)% effective tax rate)) and income tax expense was $0.2 million (1.5% effective tax rate) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to an income tax expense of $6.4 million (24.3% effective tax rate) and $6.5 million (24.5% effective tax rate) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The change in both periods was primarily due to decreased pre-tax book income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024.

The Company's effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was lower compared to the same period in 2024 primarily due to a benefit for a state tax refund received during the quarter. The Company's effective income tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 vary from the statutory federal tax rate in the United States (U.S. federal tax rate) of 21% primarily due to state taxes, offset by tax benefits related to research and development tax credits and the benefit of a state tax refund received during the quarter. The Company's effective income tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 vary from the statutory U.S. federal tax rate primarily due to state taxes, offset by tax benefits related to research and development tax credits.

The annual forecasted earnings represent the Company's best estimate as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, are subject to change and could have a material impact on the effective tax rate in subsequent periods. Accounting Standard Codification 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), requires the Company to estimate the annual effective income tax rate for the full year and apply it to pre-tax income (loss) for each interim period, taking into account year-to-date amounts and projected results for the full year.
On July 4, 2025, H.R.1, also referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), was signed into law in the U.S. The OBBBA includes changes to U.S. federal tax law, including extending and modifying certain key Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 provision, and provisions allowing accelerated tax deductions for qualified property and research expenditures. As the legislation was signed into law after June 30, 2025, any impact of the OBBA is not reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.