Property, plant and equipment depreciation expense for the first six months of 2025 and 2024 is summarized below (in millions).


	2025		2024
Insurance and other	$	1,568	$	1,535
Railroad, utilities and energy		3,414		3,244
	$	4,982	$	4,779

Schedule of property, plant and equipment

A summary of property, plant and equipment of our insurance and other businesses follows (in millions).


	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Land, buildings and improvements	$	21,287		$	20,735
Machinery and equipment		33,235			32,475
Furniture, fixtures and other		5,915			5,501
		60,437			58,711
Accumulated depreciation		(30,063	)		(28,640	)
	$	30,374		$	30,071

Schedule of property, plant and equipment

A summary of property, plant and equipment of our railroad, utilities and energy businesses follows (in millions). The utility generation, transmission and distribution systems and interstate natural gas pipeline assets are owned by regulated public utility and natural gas pipeline subsidiaries.


	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Railroad:
Land, track structure and other roadway	$	75,413		$	74,093
Locomotives, freight cars and other equipment		15,513			15,766
Construction in progress		2,041			1,813
		92,967			91,672
Accumulated depreciation		(21,459	)		(20,411	)
		71,508			71,261
Utilities and energy:
Utility generation, transmission and distribution systems		106,067			103,015
Interstate natural gas pipeline assets		20,432			20,237
Independent power plants and other		15,578			14,840
Construction in progress		10,892			8,793
		152,969			146,885
Accumulated depreciation		(45,111	)		(43,116	)
		107,858			103,769
	$	179,366		$	175,030