BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2025 | |
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation These financial statements, which are unaudited, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Such information includes all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year. Certain information, accounting policies, and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to certain rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, which were included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements under GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves, which include limited control over future development plans as a non-operator, estimates relating to certain crude oil and natural gas revenues and expenses, fair value of derivative instruments, acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, impairment of crude oil and natural gas properties, asset retirement obligations at initial recognition, and deferred income taxes. Management’s estimates and assumptions were based on historical data and consideration of future market conditions. Given the uncertainty inherent in any projection, actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used, and conditions may change, which could materially affect amounts reported in the unaudited condensed financial statements.
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| Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date, as applicable. If not discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04 Debt - Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversion of Convertible Debt Instruments. The objective of the standard is to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. This standard will affect entities that settle convertible debt instruments for which the conversion privileges are changed to induce conversion. ASU 2024-04 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The standard requires disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The objective of the standard is to provide disaggregated information about a public business entity’s expenses to help investors better understand the components of an entity’s expenses, which should enable investors to better assess an entity’s prospects for future cash flows. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires the Company to disclose disaggregated jurisdictional and categorical information for the tax rate reconciliation, income taxes paid and other income tax related amounts. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption is expected to enhance the Company's Notes to the Financial Statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, which amends GAAP to include 14 disclosure requirements that are currently required under SEC Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. Each amendment will be effective on the date on which the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from SEC Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from its interests in the sales of oil and natural gas production. The Company recognizes revenue from its interests in the sales of crude oil and natural gas in the period that its performance obligations are satisfied. Performance obligations are satisfied when the customer obtains control of the product, when the Company has no further obligations to perform related to the sale, when the transaction price has been determined and when collectability is probable. The sales of oil and natural gas are made under contracts which the third-party operators of the wells have negotiated with customers, which typically include variable consideration that is based on pricing tied to local indices and volumes delivered in the current month. The Company receives payment from the sale of oil and natural gas production from to three months after delivery. At the end of each month when the performance obligation is satisfied, the variable consideration can be reasonably estimated and amounts due from customers are accrued in trade receivables, net in the condensed balance sheets. Variances between the Company’s estimated revenue and actual payments are recorded in the month the payment is received. Historically, differences have been insignificant. Accordingly, the variable consideration is not constrained. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations under its contracts with customers as it applies the practical expedient exemption, which applies to variable consideration that is recognized as control of the product is transferred to the customer. Since each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied, and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required. The Company’s oil is typically sold at delivery points under contract terms that are common in our industry. The Company’s natural gas produced is delivered by the well operators to various purchasers at agreed upon delivery points under a limited number of contract types that are also common in our industry. Regardless of the contract type, the terms of these contracts compensate the well operators for the value of the oil and natural gas at specified prices, and then the well operators will remit payment to the Company for its share in the value of the oil and natural gas sold.
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| Concentrations of Market, Credit Risk and Other Risks | Concentrations of Market, Credit Risk and Other Risks The future results of the Company’s crude oil and natural gas operations will be affected by the market prices of crude oil and natural gas. The availability of a ready market for crude oil and natural gas products in the future will depend on numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including weather, imports, marketing of competitive fuels, proximity and capacity of crude oil and natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities, any oversupply or undersupply of crude oil, natural gas and liquid products, the regulatory environment, the economic environment, and other regional and political events, none of which can be predicted with certainty. The Company operates in the exploration, development and production sector of the crude oil and natural gas industry. The Company’s receivables include amounts due, indirectly via the third-party operators of the wells, from purchasers of its crude oil and natural gas production. While certain of these customers, as well as third-party operators of the wells, are affected by periodic downturns in the economy in general or in their specific segment of the crude oil or natural gas industry, the Company believes that its level of credit-related losses due to such economic fluctuations have been immaterial. As a non-operator, 100% of the Company’s wells are operated by third-party operating partners. As a result, the Company is highly dependent on the success of these third-party operators. If they are not successful in the exploration, development and production activities relating to the Company’s leasehold interests, or are unable or unwilling to perform, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. These risks are heightened in a low commodity price environment, which may present significant challenges to these third-party operators. The Company’s third-party operators will make decisions in connection with their operations that may not be in the Company’s best interests, and the Company may have little or no ability to exercise influence over the operational decisions of its third-party operators.The Company faces concentration risk due to the fact that substantially all of its oil and natural gas revenue is sourced from a limited number of geographic areas of operations. As a result, the Company is disproportionately exposed to risks that affect one or more of those areas in the Williston Basin, the Permian Basin, the Appalachian Basin and the Uinta Basin. The Company manages and controls market and counterparty credit risk. In the normal course of business, collateral is not required for financial instruments with credit risk. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash balances and derivative financial instruments. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed the federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from such investments. The Company attempts to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or company. The Company believes the credit quality of its counterparties is generally high. In the normal course of business, letters of credit or parent guarantees may be required for counterparties which management perceives to have a higher credit risk.
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| Net Income Per Common Share | Net Income Per Common Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (the denominator). Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding (if dilutive) during each period. Potential common shares include shares issuable upon exercise of stock warrants and vesting of restricted stock awards, and shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes (see Note 4). The number of potential common shares outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock or if-converted method. In those reporting periods in which the Company has reported net income available to common stockholders, anti-dilutive shares generally are comprised of the restricted stock that has average unrecognized stock compensation expense greater than the average stock price. In those reporting periods in which the Company has a net loss, anti-dilutive shares are comprised of the impact of those number of shares that would have been dilutive had the Company had net income plus the number of common stock equivalents that would be anti-dilutive had the company had net income. Restricted stock awards are excluded from the calculation of basic weighted average common shares outstanding until they vest. For restricted stock awards that vest based on achievement of performance and/or market conditions, the number of contingently issuable common shares included in diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is based on the number of common shares, if any, that would be issuable under the terms of the arrangement if the performance and/or market conditions were met at the end of the reporting period, assuming the result would be dilutive.
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| Fair Value | Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Financial Assets and Liabilities As required, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. Commodity Derivatives. The Level 2 instruments presented in the tables above include commodity derivative instruments (see Note 10). The fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments is determined based upon future prices, volatility and time to maturity, among other things. Counterparty statements are utilized to determine the value of the commodity derivative instruments and are reviewed and corroborated using various methodologies and significant observable inputs. The Company’s and the counterparties’ nonperformance risk is evaluated. The fair value of commodity derivative contracts is reflected in the balance sheets. The current derivative asset and liability amounts represent the fair values expected to be settled in the subsequent twelve months. Interest Rate Derivatives. The Level 2 instruments presented in the tables above include interest rate derivative instruments (see Note 10). The fair value of the Company’s interest rate derivative instruments is determined based upon contracted notional amounts, active market-quoted interest yield curves, and time to maturity, among other things. Counterparty statements are utilized to determine the value of the interest rate derivative instruments and are reviewed and corroborated using various methodologies and significant observable inputs. The Company’s and the counterparties’ nonperformance risk is evaluated. The fair value of interest rate derivative contracts is reflected in the condensed balance sheets. The current interest rate derivative asset balances represent the fair values expected to be settled in the subsequent twelve months. Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximate fair value due to the highly liquid or short-term nature of these instruments. Non-Financial Assets and Liabilities The Company estimates asset retirement obligations pursuant to the relevant accounting standards. The initial measurement of asset retirement obligations at fair value is calculated using discounted cash flow techniques and based on internal estimates of future retirement costs associated with oil and natural gas properties. Given the unobservable nature of the inputs, including plugging costs and reserve lives, the initial measurement of the asset retirement obligations liability is deemed to use Level 3 inputs. Asset retirement obligations incurred and acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were approximately $2.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively. The Company issued common stock warrants in January 2022 as a part of the purchase consideration for certain oil and natural gas properties acquired by the Company. Upon issuance, the Warrants granted holders the right to purchase 1,939,998 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to $28.30 per share (subject to certain adjustments), generally exercisable from April 27, 2022 until January 27, 2029. A portion of the Warrants were surrendered and cancelled in March 2023, and the remaining Warrants were surrendered and cancelled in March 2024, in each case in exchange for shares of common stock (see Note 6). The fair value of the Warrants consideration was determined by utilizing an Option Pricing Model. These non-recurring fair value measurements are primarily determined using inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data (Level 2 inputs). For all transactions accounted for as business combinations, the Company uses the acquisition method of accounting. In those instances, the Company conducts assessments of net assets acquired and recognizes amounts for identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the estimated acquisition date fair values, while transaction costs associated with the acquisitions are expensed as incurred. The Company makes various assumptions in estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The most significant assumptions relate to the estimated fair value of oil and natural gas properties. The fair value of these properties is measured using a discounted cash flow model that converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy. Though the Company believes the methods used to estimate fair value are consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of other methods or assumptions could result in a different estimate of fair value.
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| Derivative Instruments and Price Risk Management | The Company utilizes various commodity price derivative instruments to (i) reduce the effects of volatility in price changes on the crude oil and natural gas commodities it produces and sells, (ii) reduce commodity price risk and (iii) provide a base level of cash flow in order to assure it can execute at least a portion of its capital spending. In addition, from time to time the Company utilizes interest rate swaps to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates on the Company’s variable-rate indebtedness. All derivative instruments are recorded in the Company’s condensed balance sheets as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair value (see Note 9). The Company has not designated any derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes and does not enter into such instruments for speculative trading purposes. If a derivative does not qualify as a hedge or is not designated as a hedge, the changes in the fair value are recognized in the Company’s condensed statements of operations as a gain or loss on derivative instruments. Mark-to-market gains and losses represent changes in fair values of derivative instruments that have not been settled. The Company’s cash flow is only impacted when the actual settlements under the derivative contracts result in making or receiving a payment to or from the counterparty. These cash settlements represent the cumulative gains and losses on the Company’s derivative instruments for the periods presented and do not include a recovery of costs that were paid to acquire or modify the derivative instruments that were settled. The Company has master netting agreements on individual derivative instruments with certain counterparties and therefore the current asset and liability are netted in the balance sheet and the non-current asset and liability are netted in the balance sheet for contracts with these counterparties.
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