ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Business and Basis of Presentation: The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Western Financial, Inc. (FWFI), incorporated in Colorado on July 18, 2002, and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries listed below (collectively referred to as the "Company," "we," "us," or "our"). FWFI is a bank holding company with financial holding company status registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FWFI wholly owns the following subsidiary: First Western Trust Bank (the Bank). The Bank wholly owns First Western Merger Corporation (Merger Corp), which is therefore indirectly wholly owned by FWFI. The Company provides a fully-integrated suite of wealth management services including: private banking, personal trust, investment management, mortgage loans, and institutional asset management services to individual and corporate clients principally in Colorado (metro Denver, Aspen, Boulder, Fort Collins, Loveland, and Vail Valley), Arizona (Phoenix and Scottsdale), California (Century City), Montana (Bozeman), and Wyoming (Jackson, Pinedale, Rock Springs and Cheyenne). The Company’s revenues are generated from its full range of product offerings as noted above, but principally from net interest income (the interest income earned on the Bank’s assets net of funding costs), fee-based wealth advisory, investment management, asset management and personal trust services, and net gains earned on mortgage loans. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The December 31, 2024 condensed consolidated balance sheet has been derived from the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. In the opinion of management, all adjustments that were recurring in nature and considered necessary have been included for fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2025. In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could be significantly different from those estimates. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the SEC. Consolidation: The Company’s policy is to consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest and variable-interest entities where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Business Combinations and Divestitures: Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total consideration transferred in connection with the acquisition is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity based on fair values. Goodwill acquired in connection with business combinations represents the excess of consideration transferred over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Certain assumptions and estimates are used in evaluating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These estimates may be affected by factors such as changing market conditions or changes in government regulations. Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. Information available which could affect these judgments include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the performance of the economy, and changes in the financial condition of borrowers. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: the determination of the allowance for credit losses (ACL), the evaluation of goodwill impairment, and the fair value of certain financial instruments. Concentration of Credit Risk: Most of the Company’s lending activity is to clients located in and around metro Denver, Aspen, Fort Collins, Loveland, Boulder, and Vail, Colorado; Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona; Bozeman, Montana; and Jackson, Cheyenne, Pinedale, and Rock Springs, Wyoming. The Company does not believe it has significant concentrations in any one industry or customer. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 77.7% and 78.9%, respectively, of the Company’s loan portfolio was secured by real estate collateral. Declines in real estate values in the primary markets the Company operates in could negatively impact the Company. Allowance for Credit Losses loans: The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The ACL excludes loans held for sale and loans accounted for under the fair value option. The Company elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivables, as we write off applicable accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner when a loan is placed on non-accrual status, in which any accrued but uncollected interest is reversed from current income. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Actual Company and regional peer historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The Company identified and grouped portfolio segments based on risk characteristics and underlying collateral. The call code for each financial asset type was assessed and expanded for certain call codes into separate segments based on risk characteristics. The ACL for pooled loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow (DCF) methodology using the amortized cost basis (excluding interest) for all loans modeled within a performing pool of loans. The DCF analysis pairs loan-level term information, for example, maturity date, payment amount, interest rate, with top-down pool assumptions such as default rates, prepayment speeds, to produce individual expected cash flows for every loan in the segment. The results are then aggregated to produce segment level results and reserve requirements for each segment based on similar risk characteristics. The quantitative DCF model also incorporates forward-looking macroeconomic information over a reasonable and supportable period of four quarters. Subsequent to the four quarter period, the Company reverts to its historical loss rate and historical prepayment and curtailment speeds on a straight-line basis over a four quarter reversion period. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications. Annually the Company performs a rate study which updates the prepayment and curtailment rates used in the DCF model. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are analyzed on an individual basis. Loans analyzed individually are not included in the pooled loan evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Qualitative adjustments to historical loss data are made based on management’s assessment of the risks that may lead to a future credit loss or differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, changes in environmental and economic conditions, or other relevant factors. ACL - Off-balance sheet credit exposures: The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through the Provision for credit losses and is recorded in Other liabilities. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The probability of funding is based on historical utilization statistics for unfunded loan commitments. The loss rates used are calculated using the same assumptions as the associated funded balance. ACL - Held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities: The majority of our HTM investment portfolio consists of securities issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. With respect to these securities, we consider the risk of credit loss to be zero and, therefore, we have elected the practical expedient to not record an ACL for these securities. The Company's non-government backed securities include private label collateralized-mortgage obligations (CMO), mortgage-backed securities (MBS), and corporate bonds. Private label refers to private institutions such as brokerage firms, banks, and home builders, that also securitize mortgages. Management measures expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management reviewed the collectability of private label CMO, MBS, and corporate bonds taking into consideration factors such as the asset quality and delinquencies of the issuers. Modifications: The Company identifies modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a loan that has been modified for the borrower that is experiencing financial difficulties. The Company considers some of the indicators that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty to be: currently in payment default on any of their debt, declaring bankruptcy, going concern, and other indicators of inability to meet obligations. This list does not include all potential indicators of a borrower’s financial difficulties. The ACL on loans that are considered modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment. Derivatives: At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of three types based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness of a hedge. These three types are as follows: •Fair Value Hedge: a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment. For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change. •Cash Flow Hedge: a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in Other comprehensive income (OCI) and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. •Stand-alone derivative: an instrument with no hedging designation. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported currently in earnings, as non-interest income. Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in non-interest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement in the same line as the cash flows of the items being hedged. The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitments is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended. The Company is exposed to losses if a counterparty fails to make its payments under a contract in which the Company is in the net receiving position. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements. All of the contracts to which the Company is a party settle monthly or quarterly. In addition, the Company obtains collateral above certain thresholds of the fair value of its derivatives for each dealer counterparty based upon their credit standing and the Company has netting agreements with the dealers with which it does business. Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans held for sale generally consist of long-term, fixed rate, conforming, single-family residential real estate loans intended to be sold on the secondary market. Mortgage loans held for sale are recorded at fair value and are typically sold with servicing rights released. Changes in the fair values of mortgage loans held for sale are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Fair value elections are made at the time of origination based on the Company’s fair value election policy. Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Commitments to fund mortgage loans, IRLC (interest rate lock commitments), and FSC (forward sale commitments), to be sold in the secondary market for the future delivery of these loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. The fair value of the IRLC is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. The Company sells mortgage loans to third party investors at the best execution available which includes best efforts, mandatory, and bulk bids. Loans committed under mandatory or bulk bid are considered FSC and qualify as financial derivatives. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on the change in the loan pricing from the date of the commitment to the period end date for any unsettled commitments. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. In order to manage the interest rate risk on our uncommitted IRLC and mortgage loans held for sale pipeline, the Company enters into mortgage derivative financial instruments called To Be Announced (TBA), which we refer to as forward commitments. TBA agreements are forward contracts to purchase MBS that will be issued by a US Government Sponsored Enterprise and are typically net settled. The Bank purchases or sells these derivatives to offset the changes in value of our mortgage loans held for sale and IRLC adjusted pipeline where we have exposure to interest rate volatility. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Other Real Estate Owned (OREO): Property acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling cost at acquisition date, establishing a new cost basis. The Company is considered to have received physical possession of real estate property collateralizing a loan upon the occurrence of either the Company obtaining legal title to the property or the borrower conveying all interest in the property through a deed-in-lieu or similar agreement. Fair value is determined as the amount that could be reasonably expected in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Subsequent to the initial acquisition, if the fair value of the asset, less estimated selling cost, is less than the cost of the property, a loss is recognized within non-interest expense and the asset carrying value is reduced. Gain or loss on disposition of OREO is recorded in non-interest income. In determining the fair value of the properties on the date of transfer and any subsequent estimated losses of net realizable value, the fair value of other real estate acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is determined primarily based upon appraisal or evaluation of the underlying property value. Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC): The Company purchases solar investment tax credits (ITCs) that are are transferable, nonrefundable federal tax incentives intended to encourage investment in renewable energy infrastructure in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes" and Section 48 “Energy Credit” of the Internal Revenue Code. Upon entering into a binding agreement to acquire a transferable solar ITC, the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset equal to the amount paid for the credit, assuming it is more likely than not that the credit will be realized against future taxable income only to the extent that tax credits offset no more than 75% of the total tax liability. Upon utilization of the credit against current-year tax liabilities, the Company reduces the deferred tax asset with a corresponding reduction to current tax expense. The tax benefit is recorded in the period the credit is used. Management assesses realizability of the deferred tax asset in accordance with ASC 740, including the application of valuation allowances if needed. Revenue Recognition: In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), trust and investment management fees are earned by providing trust and investment services to customers. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is satisfied over time as the services are provided. Fees are recognized monthly based on the average monthly value of assets under management (AUM) and the corresponding fee rate based on the terms of the contract. Receivables are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in the Accounts receivable line item. Income related to trust and investment management fees, bank fees, and risk management and insurance fees on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are considered in scope of ASC 606. Reclassifications: Certain items in prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income available to common shareholders or total shareholders’ equity. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements: The following reflect recent accounting pronouncements that have been adopted by the Company since the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances a company's income tax disclosures to include additional information related to rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for companies with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this standard beginning January 1, 2025, although new disclosure requirements are not required within interim reporting periods. The Company is evaluating annual reporting disclosure requirements and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted: The following reflects pending pronouncements with an update to the expected impact since the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires companies to disclose additional information about certain expenses. This guidance is effective for companies with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects to adopt this standard beginning January 1, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating these new disclosure requirements and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact.

Business and Basis of Presentation: The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Western Financial, Inc. (FWFI), incorporated in Colorado on July 18, 2002, and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries listed below (collectively referred to as the "Company," "we," "us," or "our").

FWFI is a bank holding company with financial holding company status registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FWFI wholly owns the following subsidiary: First Western Trust Bank (the Bank). The Bank wholly owns First Western Merger Corporation (Merger Corp), which is therefore indirectly wholly owned by FWFI.

The Company provides a fully-integrated suite of wealth management services including: private banking, personal trust, investment management, mortgage loans, and institutional asset management services to individual and corporate clients principally in Colorado (metro Denver, Aspen, Boulder, Fort Collins, Loveland, and Vail Valley), Arizona (Phoenix and Scottsdale), California (Century City), Montana (Bozeman), and Wyoming (Jackson, Pinedale, Rock Springs and Cheyenne). The Company’s revenues are generated from its full range of product offerings as noted above, but principally from net interest income (the interest income earned on the Bank’s assets net of funding costs), fee-based wealth advisory, investment management, asset management and personal trust services, and net gains earned on mortgage loans.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The December 31, 2024 condensed consolidated balance sheet has been derived from the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments that were recurring in nature and considered necessary have been included for fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2025. In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could be significantly different from those estimates.

Consolidation: The Company’s policy is to consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest and variable-interest entities where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Business Combinations and Divestitures: Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total consideration transferred in connection with the acquisition is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity based on fair values. Goodwill acquired in connection with business combinations represents the excess of consideration transferred over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Certain assumptions and estimates are used in evaluating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These estimates may be affected by factors such as changing market conditions or changes in government regulations.

Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. Information available which could affect these judgments include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the performance of the economy, and changes in the financial condition of borrowers. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: the determination of the allowance for credit losses (ACL), the evaluation of goodwill impairment, and the fair value of certain financial instruments.

Concentration of Credit Risk: Most of the Company’s lending activity is to clients located in and around metro Denver, Aspen, Fort Collins, Loveland, Boulder, and Vail, Colorado; Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona; Bozeman, Montana; and Jackson, Cheyenne, Pinedale, and Rock Springs, Wyoming. The Company does not believe it has significant concentrations in any one industry or customer. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 77.7% and 78.9%, respectively, of the Company’s loan portfolio was secured by real estate collateral. Declines in real estate values in the primary markets the Company operates in could negatively impact the Company.

Allowance for Credit Losses loans: The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The ACL excludes loans held for sale and loans accounted for under the fair value option. The Company elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivables, as we write off applicable accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner when a loan is placed on non-accrual status, in which any accrued but uncollected interest is reversed from current income. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Actual Company and regional peer historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The Company identified and grouped portfolio segments based on risk characteristics and underlying collateral. The call code for each financial asset type was assessed and expanded for certain call codes into separate segments based on risk characteristics.

The ACL for pooled loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow (DCF) methodology using the amortized cost basis (excluding interest) for all loans modeled within a performing pool of loans. The DCF analysis pairs loan-level term information, for example, maturity date, payment amount, interest rate, with top-down pool assumptions such as default rates, prepayment speeds, to produce individual expected cash flows for every loan in the segment. The results are then aggregated to produce segment level results and reserve requirements for each segment based on similar risk characteristics.

The quantitative DCF model also incorporates forward-looking macroeconomic information over a reasonable and supportable period of four quarters. Subsequent to the four quarter period, the Company reverts to its historical loss rate and historical prepayment and curtailment speeds on a straight-line basis over a four quarter reversion period. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications. Annually the Company performs a rate study which updates the prepayment and curtailment rates used in the DCF model.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are analyzed on an individual basis. Loans analyzed individually are not included in the pooled loan evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

Qualitative adjustments to historical loss data are made based on management’s assessment of the risks that may lead to a future credit loss or differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, changes in environmental and economic conditions, or other relevant factors.

ACL - Off-balance sheet credit exposures: The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through the Provision for credit losses and is recorded in Other liabilities. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The probability of funding is based on historical utilization statistics for unfunded loan commitments. The loss rates used are calculated using the same assumptions as the associated funded balance.

ACL - Held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities: The majority of our HTM investment portfolio consists of securities issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. With respect to these securities, we consider the risk of credit loss to be zero and, therefore, we have elected the practical expedient to not record an ACL for these securities. The Company's non-government backed securities include private label collateralized-mortgage obligations (CMO), mortgage-backed securities (MBS), and corporate bonds. Private label refers to private institutions such as brokerage firms, banks, and home builders, that also securitize mortgages.

Management measures expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management reviewed the collectability of private label CMO, MBS, and corporate bonds taking into consideration factors such as the asset quality and delinquencies of the issuers.

Modifications: The Company identifies modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a loan that has been modified for the borrower that is experiencing financial difficulties. The Company considers some of the indicators that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty to be: currently in payment default on any of their debt, declaring bankruptcy, going concern, and other indicators of inability to meet obligations. This list does not include all potential indicators of a borrower’s financial difficulties. The ACL on loans that are considered modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment.

•Fair Value Hedge: a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment. For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change.

•Cash Flow Hedge: a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in Other comprehensive income (OCI) and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.

Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in non-interest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement in the same line as the cash flows of the items being hedged.

The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitments is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended.

The Company is exposed to losses if a counterparty fails to make its payments under a contract in which the Company is in the net receiving position. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements. All of the contracts to which the Company is a party settle monthly or quarterly. In addition, the Company obtains collateral above certain thresholds of the fair value of its derivatives for each dealer counterparty based upon their credit standing and the Company has netting agreements with the dealers with which it does business.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans held for sale generally consist of long-term, fixed rate, conforming, single-family residential real estate loans intended to be sold on the secondary market. Mortgage loans held for sale are recorded at fair value and are typically sold with servicing rights released. Changes in the fair values of mortgage loans held for sale are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Fair value elections are made at the time of origination based on the Company’s fair value election policy.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Commitments to fund mortgage loans, IRLC (interest rate lock commitments), and FSC (forward sale commitments), to be sold in the secondary market for the future delivery of these loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. The fair value of the IRLC is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. The Company sells mortgage loans to third party investors at the best execution available which includes best efforts, mandatory, and bulk bids. Loans committed under mandatory or bulk bid are considered FSC and qualify as financial derivatives. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on the change in the loan pricing from the date of the commitment to the period end date for any unsettled commitments. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

In order to manage the interest rate risk on our uncommitted IRLC and mortgage loans held for sale pipeline, the Company enters into mortgage derivative financial instruments called To Be Announced (TBA), which we refer to as forward commitments. TBA agreements are forward contracts to purchase MBS that will be issued by a US Government Sponsored Enterprise and are typically net settled. The Bank purchases or sells these derivatives to offset the changes in value of our mortgage loans held for sale and IRLC adjusted pipeline where we have exposure to interest rate volatility. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in the Net gain on mortgage loans line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO): Property acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling cost at acquisition date, establishing a new cost basis. The Company is considered to have received physical possession of real estate property collateralizing a loan upon the occurrence of either the Company obtaining legal title to the property or the borrower conveying all interest in the property through a deed-in-lieu or similar agreement. Fair value is determined as the amount that could be reasonably expected in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Subsequent to the initial acquisition, if the fair value of the asset, less estimated selling cost, is less than the cost of the property, a loss is recognized within non-interest expense and the asset carrying value is reduced. Gain or loss on disposition of OREO is recorded in non-interest income. In determining the fair value of the properties on the date of transfer and any subsequent estimated losses of net realizable value, the fair value of other real estate acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is determined primarily based upon appraisal or evaluation of the underlying property value.

Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC): The Company purchases solar investment tax credits (ITCs) that are are transferable, nonrefundable federal tax incentives intended to encourage investment in renewable energy infrastructure in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes" and Section 48 “Energy Credit” of the Internal Revenue Code. Upon entering into a binding agreement to acquire a transferable solar ITC, the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset equal to the amount paid for the credit, assuming it is more likely than not that the credit will be realized against future taxable income only to the extent that tax credits offset no more than 75% of the total tax liability. Upon utilization of the credit against current-year tax liabilities, the Company reduces the deferred tax asset with a corresponding reduction to current tax expense. The tax benefit is recorded in the period the credit is used. Management assesses realizability of the deferred tax asset in accordance with ASC 740, including the application of valuation allowances if needed.

Revenue Recognition: In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), trust and investment management fees are earned by providing trust and investment services to customers. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is satisfied over time as the services are provided. Fees are recognized monthly based on the average monthly value of assets under management (AUM) and the corresponding fee rate based on the terms of the contract. Receivables are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in the Accounts receivable line item. Income related to trust and investment management fees, bank fees, and risk management and insurance fees on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are considered in scope of ASC 606.

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances a company's income tax disclosures to include additional information related to rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for companies with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this standard beginning January 1, 2025, although new disclosure requirements are not required within interim reporting periods. The Company is evaluating annual reporting disclosure requirements and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact.

On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires companies to disclose additional information about certain expenses. This guidance is effective for companies with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects to adopt this standard beginning January 1, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating these new disclosure requirements and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact.