
Dollars in millions
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	21,719
Currency translation and other adjustments	57
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	21,776


	Estimated Useful Lives	June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Dollars in millions		Gross carrying amounts		Accumulated amortization		Other intangible assets, net		Gross carrying amounts		Accumulated amortization		Other intangible assets, net
R&D technology	6 years	$	1,980	$	(440)	$	1,540	$	1,980	$	(275)	$	1,705
Acquired marketed product rights	3 – 17 years	61,927		(50,154)		11,773		61,876		(48,659)		13,217
Capitalized software	3 – 10 years	1,554		(1,174)		380		1,499		(1,099)		400
IPRD		7,685		—		7,685		7,985		—		7,985
Total		$	73,146	$	(51,768)	$	21,378	$	73,340	$	(50,033)	$	23,307

Amortization expense of Other intangible assets was $864 million and $1.7 billion during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and $2.4 billion and $4.8 billion during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, $300 million of IPRD impairment charges were recorded in Research and development expense for two oncology assets. The charges represented a partial write-down of each asset driven by revised cash flow projections and updated clinical development timelines.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, a $280 million impairment charge was recorded in Cost of products sold resulting from lower revised cash flow projections for Inrebic. The charge represented a partial impairment based on the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its estimated fair value using discounted cash flow projections. Additionally, a $590 million IPRD impairment charge for alnuctamab was recorded in Research and development expense in connection with portfolio prioritization. Alnuctamab was being studied as a potential treatment for hematologic diseases and was obtained in the acquisition of Celgene. The charge represented a full write-down of the asset.