v3.25.2
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loan Portfolio and Credit Quality

The Corporation's primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate, public finance and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification. The following tables show the composition of the loan portfolio and credit quality characteristics by collateral classification, excluding loans held for sale.  Loans held for sale at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were $28.8 million and $18.7 million, respectively.

The following table illustrates the composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class as of the dates indicated.
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial loans$4,440,924 $4,114,292 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers265,172 256,312 
Real estate loans:
Construction836,033 792,144 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,171,092 2,274,016 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,226,797 1,157,944 
Residential2,397,094 2,374,729 
Home equity673,961 659,811 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures141,045 166,028 
Public finance and other commercial loans1,144,641 1,059,083 
Loans$13,296,759 $12,854,359 
Credit Quality
As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Corporation's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to: (i) the level of criticized commercial loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) nonperforming loans, (iv) covenant failures and (v) the general national and local economic conditions.

The Corporation utilizes a risk grading of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss to assess the overall credit quality of large commercial loans. All large commercial credit grades are reviewed at a minimum of once a year for pass grade loans. Loans with grades below pass are reviewed more frequently depending on the grade. A description of the general characteristics of these grades is as follows:

•Pass - Loans that are considered to be of acceptable credit quality.

•Special Mention - Loans which possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness, which deserves close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Corporation's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Corporation to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

•Substandard - Loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful - Loans that have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on existing facts, conditions and values, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly questionable and improbable.

•Loss – Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as an asset is not warranted. Loans will be classified as Loss when it is neither practical or desirable to defer charging-off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.
The following tables summarize the risk grading of the Corporation’s loan portfolio and gross charge-offs by loan class and by year of origination for the periods indicated. Consumer loans are not risk graded. For the purposes of this disclosure, consumer loans are classified in the following manner: loans that are less than 30 days past due are Pass, loans 30-89 days past due are Special Mention and loans greater than 89 days past due are Substandard.  The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date.
June 30, 2025
Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)
20252024202320222021PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass$848,663 $989,122 $358,721 $176,310 $110,257 $84,856 $1,664,328 $— $4,232,257 
Special Mention1,421 10,115 19,302 11,362 2,102 518 31,127 — 75,947 
Substandard676 13,882 3,802 3,592 19,514 20,077 66,174 — 127,717 
Doubtful— 2,627 — — 500 704 1,172 — 5,003 
Total Commercial and industrial loans850,760 1,015,746 381,825 191,264 132,373 106,155 1,762,801 — 4,440,924 
Current period gross charge-offs56 755 1,933 68 3,677 484 — — 6,973 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass44,767 20,491 21,916 26,158 24,764 48,051 59,787 — 245,934 
Special Mention175 1,656 29 507 — 1,951 1,013 — 5,331 
Substandard3,433 2,403 241 2,847 612 2,808 1,563 — 13,907 
Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers48,375 24,550 22,186 29,512 25,376 52,810 62,363 — 265,172 
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass89,455 270,877 193,198 40,689 11,602 10,628 19,042 — 635,491 
Special Mention33,257 48,338 21,648 16,863 — 34 — — 120,140 
Substandard2,640 23,119 1,617 52,468 558 — — — 80,402 
Total Construction125,352 342,334 216,463 110,020 12,160 10,662 19,042 — 836,033 
Current period gross charge-offs— 63 — — — — — — 63 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass187,686 319,798 237,694 316,720 390,096 532,932 26,955 — 2,011,881 
Special Mention35,294 16,534 5,698 22,957 2,278 5,665 — — 88,426 
Substandard56,622 451 — 7,084 1,827 2,423 134 — 68,541 
Doubtful— — 2,244 — — — — — 2,244 
Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied279,602 336,783 245,636 346,761 394,201 541,020 27,089 — 2,171,092 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — 251 — 15 — — 266 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass158,147 165,169 144,760 156,445 205,185 282,203 37,025 — 1,148,934 
Special Mention461 15,179 5,073 9,595 1,612 7,672 200 — 39,792 
Substandard5,630 13,096 6,539 1,068 3,807 4,358 — — 34,498 
Doubtful— 3,573 — — — — — — 3,573 
Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied164,238 197,017 156,372 167,108 210,604 294,233 37,225 — 1,226,797 
Current period gross charge-offs— 52 152 — — 5 — — 209 
Residential
Pass126,473 201,181 416,706 648,958 377,580 577,132 7,430 48 2,355,508 
Special Mention— 380 4,134 7,950 4,053 4,620 150 — 21,287 
Substandard231 1,232 2,745 8,252 4,143 3,516 180 — 20,299 
Total Residential126,704 202,793 423,585 665,160 385,776 585,268 7,760 48 2,397,094 
Current period gross charge-offs— 80 99 186 69 162 — — 596 
Home equity
Pass3,586 9,426 3,692 22,502 47,070 13,743 555,272 9,365 664,656 
Special Mention39 — — 285 285 17 4,646 493 5,765 
Substandard61 724 — 90 60 296 2,158 151 3,540 
Total Home Equity3,686 10,150 3,692 22,877 47,415 14,056 562,076 10,009 673,961 
Current period gross charge-offs— 92 11 655 565 39 — — 1,362 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass23,028 21,805 16,390 26,774 7,411 5,079 38,618 251 139,356 
Special Mention93 195 257 133 124 10 50 814 1,676 
Substandard13 — — — — — — — 13 
Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures23,134 22,000 16,647 26,907 7,535 5,089 38,668 1,065 141,045 
Current period gross charge-offs— 285 241 246 132 60 — — 964 
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass59,074 148,188 53,256 201,284 190,708 434,000 58,012 — 1,144,522 
Special Mention— — 119 — — — — — 119 
Total Public finance and other commercial loans59,074 148,188 53,375 201,284 190,708 434,000 58,012 — 1,144,641 
Loans$1,680,925 $2,299,561 $1,519,781 $1,760,893 $1,406,148 $2,043,293 $2,575,036 $11,122 $13,296,759 
Total current period gross charge-offs$56 $1,327 $2,436 $1,406 $4,443 $765 $— $— $10,433 
December 31, 2024
Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass$1,314,174 $493,138 $196,877 $158,215 $55,639 $49,554 $1,576,409 $130 $3,844,136 
Special Mention14,982 13,282 20,837 1,097 2,222 348 41,187 — 93,955 
Substandard29,238 32,285 26,973 7,249 1,081 1,134 75,649 513 174,122 
Doubtful1,473 606 — — — — — — 2,079 
Total Commercial and industrial loans1,359,867 539,311 244,687 166,561 58,942 51,036 1,693,245 643 4,114,292 
Current period gross charge-offs1,242 39,087 341 8,605 500 424 — — 50,199 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass28,600 23,070 30,518 26,442 27,105 29,930 84,502 — 250,167 
Special Mention169 — 245 — 446 422 528 — 1,810 
Substandard2,554 48 800 682 34 81 136 — 4,335 
Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers31,323 23,118 31,563 27,124 27,585 30,433 85,166 — 256,312 
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass241,622 203,829 114,794 31,864 6,398 8,549 12,836 — 619,892 
Special Mention74,879 21,853 19,019 15,214 — 40 — — 131,005 
Substandard22,305 — 18,292 — — — — — 40,597 
Doubtful— — — 650 — — — — 650 
Total Construction338,806 225,682 152,105 47,728 6,398 8,589 12,836 — 792,144 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass383,279 275,907 342,442 406,289 327,372 278,362 19,863 — 2,033,514 
Special Mention79,440 9,051 35,230 12,975 5,287 28,200 — — 170,183 
Substandard34,215 2,506 6,737 6,656 18,607 1,598 — — 70,319 
Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied496,934 287,464 384,409 425,920 351,266 308,160 19,863 — 2,274,016 
Current period gross charge-offs— 339 3 — — 1 — — 343 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass194,703 141,964 164,725 217,319 198,314 127,431 31,573 — 1,076,029 
Special Mention1,887 11,013 7,555 9,910 8,603 1,951 460 — 41,379 
Substandard13,310 7,669 3,189 11,294 1,522 3,552 — — 40,536 
Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied209,900 160,646 175,469 238,523 208,439 132,934 32,033 — 1,157,944 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — 9 — — — 9 
Residential
Pass221,016 413,552 672,713 397,192 326,154 293,785 8,887 13 2,333,312 
Special Mention1,528 1,953 6,228 4,102 2,891 3,152 150 — 20,004 
Substandard1,306 1,912 8,849 3,989 1,216 3,794 347 — 21,413 
Total Residential223,850 417,417 687,790 405,283 330,261 300,731 9,384 13 2,374,729 
Current period gross charge-offs— 173 779 136 20 288 — — 1,396 
Home equity
Pass6,788 4,354 24,810 51,313 10,486 3,976 535,132 12,124 648,983 
Special Mention38 — 375 285 297 69 4,568 442 6,074 
Substandard61 — 572 815 — 96 2,244 966 4,754 
Total Home Equity6,887 4,354 25,757 52,413 10,783 4,141 541,944 13,532 659,811 
Current period gross charge-offs— 10 35 22 — 267 — — 334 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass40,819 21,867 31,356 10,520 2,276 4,693 53,180 180 164,891 
Special Mention153 234 347 175 59 40 128 — 1,136 
Substandard— — — — — — — 1 1 
Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures40,972 22,101 31,703 10,695 2,335 4,733 53,308 181 166,028 
Current period gross charge-offs208 920 523 184 47 80 — — 1,962 
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass161,072 53,750 203,884 195,066 146,377 298,802 132 — 1,059,083 
Total Public finance and other commercial loans161,072 53,750 203,884 195,066 146,377 298,802 132 — 1,059,083 
Loans$2,869,611 $1,733,843 $1,937,367 $1,569,313 $1,142,386 $1,139,559 $2,447,911 $14,369 $12,854,359 
Total current period gross charge-offs$1,450 $40,529 $1,681 $8,947 $576 $1,060 $— $— $54,243 
Total past due loans equaled $101.4 million as of June 30, 2025 representing a $14.8 million decrease from $116.2 million at December 31, 2024. At June 30, 2025, 30-59 days past due decreased $4.4 million from December 31, 2024 as commercial and industrial, and commercial real estate, owner occupied loan classes decreased $3.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which was partially offset by an increase in the construction loan class of $2.9 million. At June 30, 2025, 60-89 days past due decreased $18.8 million from December 31, 2024 as the construction loan class decreased $22.0 million, which was partially offset by an increase in the commercial real estate, owner occupied loan class of $3.0 million. At June 30, 2025, 90 days or more past due increased $8.4 million from December 31, 2024 as construction and commercial real estate, owner occupied loan classes increased $10.5 million and $6.6 million, respectively, which was partially offset by a decrease in the commercial real estate, non-owner occupied loan class of $5.8 million. The tables below show a past due aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of the dates indicated.
June 30, 2025
Current30-59 Days
Past Due		60-89 Days
Past Due		90 Days or More Past DueTotalLoans > 90 Days or More Past Due
And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans$4,426,862 $4,039 $1,216 $8,807 $4,440,924 $3,946 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers263,069 1,866 237 — 265,172 — 
Real estate loans:
Construction814,300 7,227 — 14,506 836,033 — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,165,891 203 451 4,547 2,171,092 — 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,216,378 558 2,981 6,880 1,226,797 183 
Residential2,359,067 12,420 6,890 18,717 2,397,094 207 
Home equity665,819 3,538 1,864 2,740 673,961 107 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures139,354 1,499 179 13 141,045 — 
Public finance and other commercial loans1,144,641 — — — 1,144,641 — 
Loans$13,195,381 $31,350 $13,818 $56,210 $13,296,759 $4,443 

December 31, 2024
Current30-59 Days
Past Due		60-89 Days
Past Due		90 Days or More Past DueTotalLoans > 90 Days or More Past Due
And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans$4,096,605 $7,428 $473 $9,786 $4,114,292 $2,010 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers256,148 164 — — 256,312 — 
Real estate loans:
Construction761,819 4,332 22,005 3,988 792,144 3,683 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,259,549 2,407 1,718 10,342 2,274,016 — 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,153,861 3,783 — 300 1,157,944 — 
Residential2,337,002 12,302 6,606 18,819 2,374,729 208 
Home equity649,238 4,431 1,569 4,573 659,811 — 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures164,891 926 210 1 166,028 1 
Public finance and other commercial loans1,059,083 — — — 1,059,083 — 
Loans$12,738,196 $35,773 $32,581 $47,809 $12,854,359 $5,902 

Loans are reclassified to a nonaccruing status when, in management’s judgment, the collateral value and financial condition of the borrower do not justify accruing interest. At the time the accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against earnings. Interest income accrued in prior years, if any, is charged to the allowance for credit losses. Payments subsequently received on nonaccrual loans are applied to principal. A loan is returned to accrual status when principal and interest are no longer past due and collectability is probable, typically after a minimum of six consecutive months of performance.

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s nonaccrual loans by loan class as of the dates indicated.
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual LoansNonaccrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit LossesNonaccrual LoansNonaccrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial and industrial loans$7,175 $1,132 $8,090 $4,937 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers19 — 75 — 
Real estate loans:
Construction15,063 13,446 24,629 22,650 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied10,872 7,539 12,118 10,153 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied9,169 5,398 2,440 1,904 
Residential21,684 — 21,491 — 
Home equity3,333 — 4,924 — 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures43 — 6 — 
Loans$67,358 $27,515 $73,773 $39,644 
Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent that cash payments are received in excess of principal due. There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.

Determining fair value for collateral dependent loans requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

The tables below present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by loan class and their respective collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses. The total collateral dependent loan balance increased $1.5 million, primarily related to an increase of $11.3 million in the commercial and industrial loan class, partially offset by a decrease of $9.2 million in the construction loan class, for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
June 30, 2025
Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotal Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans$— $— $34,778 $34,778 $7,148 
Real estate loans:
Construction— 13,447 — 13,447 — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied25,521 — — 25,521 4,156 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied11,310 — — 11,310 396 
Residential— 1,062 — 1,062 175 
Home equity— 190 — 190 23 
Loans$36,831 $14,699 $34,778 $86,308 $11,898 


December 31, 2024
Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotal Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans$— $— $23,455 $23,455 $7,803 
Real estate loans:
Construction— 22,652 — 22,652 — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied27,583 — — 27,583 4,295 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied9,748 — — 9,748 — 
Residential— 1,174 — 1,174 189 
Home equity— 201 — 201 25 
Loans$37,331 $24,027 $23,455 $84,813 $12,312 

In certain situations, the Corporation may modify the terms of a loan to a debtor experiencing financial difficulty. The modifications may include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions or combinations of these modifications. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans at June 30, 2025 and 2024 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, by class and by type of modification. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the table below excludes loan modifications considered insignificant. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term Extension Combination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension, & Payment Delay% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$— $3,691 $— $— $— 0.08 %
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied— 14,112 38,244 6,008 — 2.69 %
Residential459 — — — 1,286 0.07 %
Total$459 $17,803 $38,244 $6,008 $1,286 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension, & Payment Delay% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$— $1,778 $13 $— 0.05 %
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied— 19,488 — — 0.84 %
Commercial real estate, owner occupied— 1,990 — — 0.17 %
Residential250 — 392 227 0.04 %
Home equity— — 162 — 0.03 %
Total$250 $23,256 $567 $227 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension, & Payment Delay% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$— $7,504 $— $— $— 0.17 %
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied— 14,112 38,244 6,008 — 2.69 %
Residential725 — — — 1,286 0.08 %
Total$725 $21,616 $38,244 $6,008 $1,286 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension, & Payment Delay% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$1,491 $4,383 $249 $27 $— 0.16 %
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied— 19,488 — — — 0.84 %
Commercial real estate, owner occupied— 1,990 — — — 0.17 %
Residential1,880 274 — 392 227 0.12 %
Home equity89 62 — 162 — 0.05 %
Total$3,460 $26,197 $249 $581 $227 

The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension & Payment Delay
Commercial and industrial loans
Extended loans by a weighted average of 4 months.
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 6 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.58% to 6.93%.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 14.00% to 7.00% and extended loans by a weighted average of 16 months.
Residential
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $36.
   
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 4.50% to 2.50%, extended loans by a weighed average of 68 months, and provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $8.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension & Payment Delay
Commercial and industrial loans
Extended loans by a weighted average of 12 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $5 and extended loans by a weighted average of 3 months.
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 16 months.
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 28 months.
Residential
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $9.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $8 and extended loans by a weighted average of 120 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $14, extended loans by a weighted average of 12 months, and reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 5.75% to 5.00%.
Home equity
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $8 and extended loans by a weighted average of 60 months.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension & Payment Delay
Commercial and industrial loans
Extended loans by a weighted average of 4 months.
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 6 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.58% to 6.93%.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 14.00% to 7.00% and extended loans by a weighted average of 16 months.
Residential
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $25.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 4.50% to 2.50%, extended loans by a weighted average of 68 months, and provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $8,
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension & Payment Delay
Commercial and industrial loans
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $50.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 14 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 9.00% to 8.00%.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $5 and extended loans by a weighted average of 3 months.
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 16 months.
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
 
Extended loans by a weighted average of 28 months.
Residential
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $28.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 6 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $8 and extended loans by a weighted average of 120 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $14, extended loans by a weighted average of 12 months, and reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 5.75% to 5.00%.
Home equity
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $4.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 5 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $8 and extended loans by a weighted average of 60 months.


The Corporation closely monitors the performance of financial difficulty modifications to understand the effectiveness of its efforts. The following tables present the performance of financial difficulty modifications in the twelve months following modification.

June 30, 2025
Current30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueTotal
Commercial and industrial loans$14,186 $2,831 $448 $501 $17,966 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers2,194 — — — 2,194 
Real estate loans:
Construction6,425 — — — 6,425 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied58,364 — — — 58,364 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied2,153 — — 3,573 5,726 
Residential3,717 576 412 702 5,407 
Home equity138 — — — 138 
Total$87,177 $3,407 $860 $4,776 $96,220 

June 30, 2024
Current30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueTotal
Commercial and industrial loans$6,150 $125 $— $— $6,275 
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied19,488 — 1,799 — 21,287 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,990 — — — 1,990 
Residential1,219 538 — 1,188 2,945 
Home equity224 89 — — 313 
Total$29,071 $752 $1,799 $1,188 $32,810 

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were payment defaults of $4.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively, on loans to borrowers whose loans were modified due to financial difficulties within the previous twelve months. The payment defaults did not materially impact the allowance for credit losses on loans.

Upon the Corporation's determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or portion of the loan) is charged-off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans ("ACL - Loans") is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans over the contractual term. The ACL - Loans is adjusted by the provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by charge-offs for loans, net of recoveries. Provision for credit losses on loans reflects the totality of actions taken on all loans for a particular period including any necessary increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations associated with specific loans or pools of loans. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when the uncollectibility of the loan is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.

The allowance represents the Corporation’s best estimate of current expected credit losses on loans using relevant available information from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The CECL calculation is performed and evaluated quarterly and losses are estimated over the expected life of the loan. The level of the allowance for credit losses is believed to be adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the measurement date.

In calculating the allowance for credit losses, the loan portfolio was pooled into ten loan segments with similar risk characteristics. Common characteristics include the type or purpose of the loan, underlying collateral and historical/expected credit loss patterns. In developing the loan segments, the Corporation analyzed the degree of correlation in how loans within each portfolio respond when subjected to varying economic conditions and scenarios as well as other portfolio stress factors.

The expected credit losses are measured over the life of each loan segment utilizing the Probability of Default / Loss Given Default methodology combined with economic forecast models to estimate the current expected credit loss inherent in the loan portfolio. This approach is also leveraged to estimate the expected credit losses associated with unfunded loan commitments incorporating expected utilization rates.

The Corporation sub-segmented certain commercial portfolios by risk level and certain consumer portfolios by delinquency status where appropriate. The Corporation utilized a four-quarter reasonable and supportable economic forecast period followed by a six-quarter, straight-line reversion period to the historical macroeconomic mean for the remaining life of the loans. Econometric modeling was performed using historical default rates and a selection of economic forecast scenarios published by Moody’s to develop a range of estimated credit losses for which to

determine the best credit loss estimate within. Macroeconomic factors utilized in the modeling process include the national unemployment rate, BBB US corporate index, Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") price index and the home price index.

The Corporation qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not inherently considered in the quantitative modeling process, but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor. The various risks that may be considered in making qualitative adjustments include, among other things, the impact of (i) changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, (ii) changes in the existence, growth and effect of any concentrations in credit, (iii) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collections, charge-offs, and recoveries, (iv) changes in the quality of the credit review function, (v) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending, investment, collection and other relevant management staff, (vi) changes in the volume and severity of past due financial assets, the volume of the nonaccrual assets, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded assets, (vii) the value of underlying collateral for loans that are not collateral dependent, and (viii) other environmental factors such as regulatory, legal and technological considerations, as well as competition and changes in the economic and business conditions that affect the collectability of financial assets.

In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within the loan segments. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the collective evaluation. Specific reserve allocations of the allowance for credit losses are determined by analyzing the borrower’s ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower’s industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated on a quarterly basis.

The risk characteristics of the Corporation’s portfolio segments are as follows:

Commercial
Commercial lending is primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the tangible assets being financed such as equipment or real estate or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee. Other loans may be unsecured, secured but under-collateralized or otherwise made on the basis of the enterprise value of an organization. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.
Commercial real estate
Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. The Corporation monitors commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria, as well as the levels of owner-occupied versus non-owner occupied loans.

Construction
Construction loans are underwritten utilizing a combination of tools and techniques including feasibility and market studies, independent appraisals and appraisal reviews, absorption and interest rate sensitivity analysis as well as the financial analysis of the developer and all guarantors. Construction loans are monitored by either in house or third party inspectors limiting advances to a percentage of costs or stabilized project value. These loans frequently involve the disbursement of significant funds with the repayment dependent upon the successful completion and, where necessary, the future stabilization of the project. The predominant inherent risk of this portfolio is associated with the borrower's ability to successfully complete a project on time, within budget and stabilize the projected as originally projected.

Consumer and Residential
With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences, which are typically owner occupied, the Corporation generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans, such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit, are unsecured. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers and can also be impacted by changes in property values. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

The ACL - Loans increased $3.3 million and $2.6 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Net charge-offs totaled $2.3 million and $7.2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Provision expense of $5.6 million and $9.8 million was recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for credit losses by loan segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses - loans
Balances, March 31, 2025$99,982 $46,336 $11,541 $34,172 $192,031 
Provision for credit losses - loans(406)(83)(2,735)8,824 5,600 
Recoveries on loans1,514 98 — 324 1,936 
Loans charged off(2,106)(74)(63)(2,008)(4,251)
Balances, June 30, 2025$98,984 $46,277 $8,743 $41,312 $195,316 


Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses - loans
Balances, March 31, 2024$99,213 $45,278 $20,369 $39,821 $204,681 
Provision for credit losses - loans31,648 75 (6,009)(1,214)24,500 
Recoveries on loans536 161 — 560 1,257 
Loans charged off(40,180)— — (721)(40,901)
Balances, June 30, 2024$91,217 $45,514 $14,360 $38,446 $189,537 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses - loans
Balances, December 31, 2024$94,757 $51,099 $9,784 $37,117 $192,757 
Provision for credit losses - loans8,748 (4,450)(978)6,480 9,800 
Recoveries on loans2,452 103 — 637 3,192 
Loans charged off(6,973)(475)(63)(2,922)(10,433)
Balances, June 30, 2025$98,984 $46,277 $8,743 $41,312 $195,316 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses - loans
Balances, December 31, 2023$97,348 $44,048 $24,823 $38,715 $204,934 
Provision for credit losses - loans34,793 1,603 (10,463)567 26,500 
Recoveries on loans1,087 214 — 856 2,157 
Loans charged off(42,011)(351)— (1,692)(44,054)
Balances, June 30, 2024$91,217 $45,514 $14,360 $38,446 $189,537 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Commitments And Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Corporation has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments which include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are usually the result of lines of credit granted to existing borrowers under agreements that the total outstanding indebtedness will not exceed a specific amount during the term of the indebtedness. Typical borrowers are commercial customers that use lines of credit to supplement their treasury management functions, and thus their total outstanding indebtedness may fluctuate during any time period based on the seasonality of their business and the resultant timing for their cash flows. Other typical lines of credit are related to home equity loans granted to customers. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require a fee.

Standby letters of credit are generally issued on behalf of an applicant (the Corporation’s customer) to a specifically named beneficiary and are the result of a particular business arrangement that exists between the applicant and the beneficiary. Standby letters of credit have fixed expiration dates and are usually for terms of two years or less unless terminated beforehand due to criteria specified in the standby letter of credit. The standby letter of credit would permit the beneficiary to obtain payment from the Corporation under certain prescribed circumstances. Subsequently, the Corporation would seek reimbursement from the applicant pursuant to the terms of the standby letter of credit.

The Corporation typically follows the same credit policies and underwriting practices when making these commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Each customer’s creditworthiness is typically evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and the amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include cash, real estate, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and personal property. The contractual amounts of these commitments are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements and only amounts drawn upon would be reflected in the future. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. However, should the commitments be drawn upon and should the Corporation’s customers default on their resulting obligation to the Corporation, the maximum exposure to credit loss, without consideration of collateral, is represented by the contractual amount of those commitments.

Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk were as follows:
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Amounts of commitments:
Loan commitments to extend credit$5,455,944 $5,006,085 
Standby letters of credit$66,711 $71,271 

The Corporation maintains an accrual for credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments using the CECL methodology. Reserves for unfunded commitments were $18.0 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There was no provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. This reserve level remains appropriate and is reported in Other Liabilities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.