We periodically take action to improve operating efficiencies, typically in connection with business acquisitions or changes in the economic environment. Our footprint and headcount reductions and organizational integration actions relate to discrete, unique restructuring events, primarily reflected in the following plans.

In March 2024, the Company committed to workforce reduction plans in the United States and globally, in an effort to reduce complexity and simplify our organizational model after the European major domestic appliance transaction. The workforce reduction plans included involuntary severance actions as of the end of the first quarter of 2024. Total costs for these actions were $21 million, of which we incurred $14 million in employee termination costs and $7 million other associated costs. The majority of these expenses were paid in 2024.

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company evaluated additional restructuring actions as part of the Company's organizational simplification efforts. Total costs for these actions were $50 million, primarily in employee termination costs, which were incurred within the second quarter of 2024.

In the first quarter of 2025, additional restructuring actions were announced related to organizational simplification efforts. Total costs for these actions were $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

The following table summarizes the changes to our restructuring liability during the six months ended June 30, 2025:


Millions of Dollars	December 31, 2024		Charge to Earnings		Cash Paid		June 30, 2025
Employee Termination	$	4	$	8	$	(8)	$	4
Asset Impairment	—		2		—		2

Other exit costs	2		1		(1)		2
Total	$	6	$	11	$	(9)	$	8


Millions of dollars	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
MDA North America	$	1	$	22	$	6	$	27
MDA Latin America	1		18		3		21
MDA Asia	—		5		—		6
SDA Global	—		4		—		4
Corporate/Other	—		1		2		15
Total	$	2	$	50	$	11	$	73