Prior restructuring and optimization efforts, which have been previously announced and which we continue to execute on, include:

•reduction of epoxy resin capacity at Freeport, TX facility, ceasing of remaining operations at Gumi, South Korea facility and reduction of sales and support staffing across Asia all announced on June 20, 2023;

•closure of cumene facility in Terneuzen, Netherlands and ceasing of solid epoxy resin production at Gumi, South Korea and Guaruja, Brazil announced on March 21, 2023;

•closure of trichloroethylene and anhydrous hydrogen chloride liquefaction facilities in Freeport, TX announced January 18, 2021; and

•closure of chlor alkali plant with capacity of 230,000 tons and vinylidene chlorine production facility, both in Freeport, TX announced on December 11, 2019.

Pretax restructuring charges related to these actions include facility exit costs, lease and other contract termination costs, employee severance and related benefits costs and the write-off of equipment and facilities. The following table summarizes the 2025 and 2024 restructuring activity by component and the remaining balances in accrued restructuring costs as of June 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Employee Severance and Related Benefit Costs		Lease and Other Contract Termination Costs		Facility Exit Costs		Total
Changes in Reserve	($ in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	10.8	$	16.7	$	—	$	27.5
Restructuring charges:
First quarter	—		—		8.3		8.3
Second quarter	—		1.7		5.1		6.8

Amounts utilized	(7.4)		(5.6)		(13.4)		(26.4)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	3.4	$	12.8	$	—	$	16.2

Balance at January 1, 2025	$	3.1	$	5.2	$	—	$	8.3
Restructuring charges:
First quarter	1.6		0.2		2.2		4.0
Second quarter	3.8		—		3.6		7.4

Amounts utilized	(2.9)		(5.3)		(5.8)		(14.0)
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	5.6	$	0.1	$	—	$	5.7

The following table summarizes the cumulative restructuring charges for each segment, by component, through June 30, 2025:


	Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls		Epoxy		Total
Cumulative Restructuring Charges	($ in millions)
Write-off of equipment and facility	61.6		18.3		79.9
Employee severance and related benefit costs	2.0		21.6		23.6
Facility exit costs	57.0		36.7		93.7

Lease and other contract termination costs	6.4		34.2		40.6
Total cumulative restructuring charges	$	127.0	$	110.8	$	237.8

As of June 30, 2025, we have incurred cumulative restructuring-related cash expenditures of $152.2 million and non-cash charges of $79.9 million. The remaining accrued restructuring liability of $5.7 million is expected to be paid out through 2027. We expect to incur additional restructuring charges through 2030 of approximately $75.0 million related to these actions.