Business combinations

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition model. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company,

liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Company in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed are recognized at their fair value at the acquisition date. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after reassessment, the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognized immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from sale of antibodies and service agreements.

Sale of antibodies:

Revenue from sale of antibodies is recognized when the terms of a contract with a customer have been satisfied. This occurs when:

Following delivery, the customer bears the risks of obsolescence and loss in relation to the goods. Revenue is recognized based on the price specified in the contract, net of estimated sales discounts and returns.

Contract revenue:

Revenues from contracted services are generally recognized as the performance obligations are satisfied over time, and the related expenditures are incurred pursuant to the terms of the agreement. Contract revenue is recognized over time based on the input method, specifically the hours incurred. Revenue is recognized as the work progresses, in proportion to the amount of labor hours expended on the contract. For contracts with no enforceable right to payment when the contract is incomplete, contract revenue is recognized when the customers are satisfied with the service at the end of the contract and control of the product has been transferred to the customer. We apply the practical expedient outlined in IFRS 15.121, which allows us not to disclose information about remaining performance obligations as our contract duration is less than one year and we have the right to invoice for performance to date. The following table summarizes revenue recognized over time versus at a point in time for the years ended April 30:

Unbilled revenue and deferred revenue:

Amounts recognized as revenue in excess of billings are classified as unbilled revenue. Amounts received in advance of the performance of services are classified as deferred revenue.

Cost of sales:

Cost of sales includes materials, direct labor, and allocation of overhead including depreciation of lab equipment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.

Recognition and Measurement

Cash and cash equivalents are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, the carrying amount is considered to be the same as their fair value.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is classified separately from cash and cash equivalents. It represents amounts that are held in trust or escrow accounts or that are otherwise restricted as to withdrawal or usage. The nature and purpose of restrictions on cash balances are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. Restricted cash is not considered a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.

Financial instruments

Recognition and Classification

The Company recognizes a financial asset or financial liability on the statement of financial position when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument.

The Company classifies its financial instruments in the following categories: at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”), at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss) (“FVTOCI”) or at amortized cost. The Company determines the classification of financial assets at initial recognition. The classification of debt instruments is driven by the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and their contractual cash flow characteristics.

Measurement

Financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial assets and liabilities carried at FVTPL are initially recorded at fair value and transaction costs are expensed in profit or loss. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities held at FVTPL are included in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Where management has opted to recognize a financial

liability at FVTPL, any changes associated with the Company’s own credit risk will be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

Financial assets at FVTOCI:

Elected investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently they are measured at fair value, with gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

Financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost:

Financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost are initially recognized at fair value plus or minus transaction costs, respectively, and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any impairment.

Impairment of financial assets at amortized cost:

The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets that are measured at amortized cost. At each reporting date, the Company measures the loss allowance for the financial asset at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition. If at the reporting date, the financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for the financial asset at an amount equal to the twelve month expected credit losses.

Irrespective of the preceding policy, the Company always measures the loss allowance of trade receivables at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

The Company shall recognize in profit or loss, as an impairment gain or loss, the amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognized.

Derecognition

Financial assets:

The Company derecognizes financial assets only when the contractual rights to cash flows from the financial assets expire, or when it transfers the financial assets and substantially all of the associated risks and rewards of ownership to another entity. Gains and losses on derecognition are generally recognized in profit or loss. However, gains and losses on derecognition of financial assets classified as FVTOCI remain within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Financial liabilities:

The Company derecognizes financial liabilities only when its obligations under the financial liabilities are discharged, cancelled or expired. Generally, the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable, including any non-cash assets, is recognized in profit or loss.

Government assistance

The Company periodically applies for financial assistance under available government incentive programs. Government assistance relating to capital expenditures is reflected as a reduction of the cost of such assets. Government assistance relating to research and development expenditures is recorded as a reduction of current year's expenses when the related expenditures are incurred.

Government grant

The Company periodically applies for financial assistance under available government incentive programs. The grant is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and the grants will be received. All funds received as part of the grant or subsidies are reflected in grant and subsidy income.

Inventory

Inventory consists of supplies, parts and antibodies and is valued at the lower of weighted average cost and net realizable value. Costs include acquisition, freight and other directly attributable costs.

Equipment and leasehold improvements

The Company evaluates equipment and leasehold improvements for indications of impairment at the end of each reporting period. Impairment losses are immediately recognized in profit and loss.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. Amortization for intangible assets with finite lives is provided over the following terms:

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit ("CGU") level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment of intangible assets charge of $3.9 million related to the BioStrand CGU. See Note 9 for more information.

During the fiscal year 2025, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $21.2 million for the BioStrand CGU. The loss was recorded as a reduction in the intangible assets in BioStrand. The primary factor for the impairment included a delay in expected cash flows of BioStrand due to the strategic plans and expected use of BioStrand's assets. The increased discount rate relates to additional forecast risk for the BioStrand CGU, as compared to fiscal year ended April 30, 2024.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not subject to amortization and an impairment test is performed annually or as events occur that could indicate impairment.

Goodwill is reported at cost less any impairment. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (“CGU”). To test for impairment, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company’s CGUs, groups of CGUs, or an operating segment expected to benefit from the acquisition. Goodwill is tested by combining the carrying amounts of equipment and leasehold improvements, intangible assets and goodwill and comparing this to the recoverable amount. Fair value less costs of disposal is price to be received in an orderly transaction between market participants. Value in use is assessed using the present value of the expected future cash flows. Any excess of the carrying amount over the recoverable amount is recorded as impairment. Impairment charges, which are not tax affected, are recognized in profit or loss and are not reversed.

During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2.5 million related to the BioStrand CGU. During the year ended April 30, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment of goodwill charge of $11.2 million related to the BioStrand CGU. No impairment was recorded against goodwill for BioStrand for the year ended April 30, 2025. See Note 9 for more information.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of their carrying amount to the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal or the value in use. Value in use is determined by the present value of the future cash flows from the asset. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, then there is impairment. Where an impairment loss exists, the portion of the carrying amount exceeding the recoverable amount is recorded as an expense immediately. Assets that have been impaired in prior periods are tested for possible reversal of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the impairment has reversed. If the impairment has reversed, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount but not beyond the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior periods. The reversal is recognized in profit or loss immediately.

During the year ended April 30, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment of intangible assets charge of $3.9 million and an impairment of goodwill charge of $11.2 million related to the BioStrand CGU. The impairment losses were determined based on fair value less costs of disposal, considering discount rates, growth rates, and other relevant factors. See Note 8 and Note 9 for more information.

Income taxes

Income taxes are recognized in the statement of comprehensive loss, except where they relate to items recognized directly in equity, in which case the related taxes are recognized in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the difference between the tax and accounting values of assets and liabilities and are calculated using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates for the periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of tax rate changes is recognized in profit or loss or equity, as applicable, in the period of substantive enactment. Current taxes receivable or payable are estimated on taxable income for the current year at the statutory tax rates enacted or substantively enacted.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits of the relevant entity or group of entities, in a particular jurisdiction, will be available against which the assets can be utilized. As an exception, deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differences arise from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction (other than in a business combination) that affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit.

Investment tax credits (“ITCs”) are accounted for as a reduction in the cost of the expense when there is reasonable assurance that such credits will be realized. These ITCs are used to reduce current income taxes payable.

Leases

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The liabilities for leases of right-of-use assets are recognized at the lease commencement date at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments are discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. At the commencement date, a right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is comprised of the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any decommissioning and restoration costs, less any lease incentives received.

Each lease payment is allocated between repayment of the lease principal and interest. Interest on the lease liability in each period during the lease term is allocated to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the lease liability. Except where the costs are included in the carrying amount of another asset, the Company recognizes in profit or loss (a) the interest on a lease liability and (b) variable lease payments not included in the measurement of a lease liability in the period in which the event or condition that triggers those payments occurs. The Company subsequently measures the right-of-use asset at cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses; and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the lease term, except where the lease contains a bargain purchase option a right-of-use asset is depreciated over the asset’s useful life.

Research and development

Research and development cost is charged to the income statement in the period in which it is incurred. Property, plant and equipment used for research and development is capitalized and depreciated in accordance with the equipment and leasehold improvements policy.

Share capital

Equity instruments are contracts that give a residual interest in the net assets of the Company. The Company's common shares are classified as equity instruments.

Proceeds from unit placements are allocated between common shares and warrants issued based on the residual value method, with the common shares being valued first.

Share issuance costs

Costs directly identifiable with the raising of share capital financing are charged against share capital. Share issuance costs incurred in advance of share subscriptions are recorded as deferred assets. Share issuance costs related to uncompleted share subscriptions are charged to operations.

Share-based payments

Where equity-settled share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to profit or loss over the vesting period.

Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to profit or loss over the remaining vesting period.

Where equity instruments are granted to non-employees, they are recorded at the fair value of the goods or services received in profit or loss, unless they are related to the issuance of shares. Amounts related to the issuance of shares are recorded as a reduction of share capital.

When the value of goods or services received in exchange for the share-based payment cannot be reliably estimated, the fair value is measured by use of a valuation model. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions, and behavioral considerations.

All equity-settled share-based payments are reflected in contributed surplus, until exercised. Upon exercise, shares are issued from treasury and the amount reflected in contributed surplus is credited to share capital, adjusted for any consideration paid.

Where a grant of options is cancelled or settled during the vesting period, excluding forfeitures when vesting conditions are not satisfied, the Company immediately accounts for the cancellation as an acceleration of vesting and recognizes the amount that otherwise would have been recognized for services received over the remainder of the vesting period. Any payment made to the employee on the cancellation is accounted for as the repurchase of an equity interest except to the extent the payment exceeds the fair value of the equity instrument granted, measured at the repurchase date. Any such excess is recognized as an expense.

Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity. In periods where a net loss is incurred, potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the loss per share calculation as the effect would be anti-dilutive and basic and diluted loss per common share is the same. In a profit year, under the treasury stock method, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used for the calculation of diluted earnings per share assumes that the proceeds to be received on the exercise of dilutive stock options and warrants are used to repurchase common shares at the average price during the year.