We use financial and commodity-based derivative contracts to manage exposures to fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, or to capture market opportunities. Because we do not apply hedge accounting for commodity derivative contracts, all realized and unrealized gains and losses from commodity derivative contracts are recognized in our consolidated statement of income. Gains and losses from derivative contracts held for trading not directly related to our physical business are reported net in the “Other income” line item on our consolidated statement of income. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency derivatives entered into in connection with our investment dispositions are reported in the “Net gain (loss) on dispositions” line item on our consolidated statement of income. Cash flows from all of our commodity derivative activity for the periods presented appear within the “Cash Flows from Operating Activities” section on our consolidated statement of cash flows.

Purchase and sales contracts with firm minimum notional volumes for commodities that are readily convertible to cash are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as derivatives unless the contracts are eligible for, and we elect, the normal purchases and normal sales exception, whereby the contracts are recorded on an accrual basis. We generally apply the normal purchases and normal sales exception to eligible crude oil, refined petroleum product, NGL, natural gas, renewable feedstocks, and power commodity contracts to purchase or sell quantities we expect to use or sell in the normal course of business. All other derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. For further information on the fair value of derivatives, see Note 15—Fair Value Measurements.

We sell into or receive supply from the worldwide crude oil, refined petroleum product, NGL, natural gas, renewable feedstocks and renewable fuels, and electric power markets, exposing our revenues, purchases, cost of operating activities and cash flows to fluctuations in the prices for these commodities. Generally, our policy is to remain exposed to the market prices of commodities; however, we use futures, forwards, swaps and options in various markets to balance physical systems, meet customer needs, manage price exposures on specific transactions, and do a limited amount of trading not directly related to our physical business, all of which may reduce our exposure to fluctuations in market prices. We also use the market knowledge gained from these activities to capture market opportunities such as moving physical commodities to more profitable locations, storing commodities to capture seasonal or time premiums, and blending commodities to capture quality upgrades.

The following table indicates the consolidated balance sheet line items that include the fair values of commodity derivative assets and liabilities. The balances in the following table are presented on a gross basis, before the effects of counterparty and collateral netting. However, we have elected to present our commodity derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty on a net basis on our consolidated balance sheet when the legal right of offset exists.


	Millions of Dollars
	June 30, 2025					December 31, 2024
	Commodity Derivatives			Effect of Collateral Netting	Net Carrying Value Presented on the Balance Sheet		Commodity Derivatives		Effect of Collateral Netting	Net Carrying Value Presented on the Balance Sheet
	Assets		Liabilities			Assets	Liabilities

Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	4,078	(3,870)	—	208		1,021	(922)	—	99
Other assets	7		(5)	—	2		—	—	—	—
Liabilities
Other accruals	748		(946)	66	(132)		1,136	(1,226)	46	(44)
Other liabilities and deferred credits	118		(117)	4	5		60	(71)	16	5
Total	$	4,951	(4,938)	70	83		2,217	(2,219)	62	60


	Millions of Dollars
	Three Months Ended June 30			Six Months Ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025	2024

Sales and other operating revenues	$	149	29		84	(173)
Other income	54		30		68	68
Purchased crude oil and products	54		38		(122)	(218)
Net gain (loss) from commodity derivative activity	$	257	97		30	(323)

The following table summarizes our material net exposures resulting from outstanding commodity derivative contracts. These financial and physical derivative contracts are primarily used to manage price exposure on our underlying operations. The underlying exposures may be from nonderivative positions such as inventory volumes. Financial derivative contracts may also offset physical derivative contracts, such as forward purchase and sales contracts. The percentage of our derivative contract volumes expiring within the next 12 months was more than 90% at June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.


	Open Position Long / (Short)
	June 30 2025	December 31 2024
Commodity
Crude oil, refined petroleum products, NGL and renewable feedstocks (millions of barrels)	(55)	(22)
Natural gas (billions of cubic feet)	(1)	(14)

Our trade receivables result primarily from the sale of products from, or related to, our refinery operations and reflect a broad national and international customer base, which limits our exposure to concentrations of credit risk. The majority of these receivables have payment terms of 30 days or less. We continually monitor this exposure and the creditworthiness of the counterparties and recognize bad debt expense based on a probability assessment of credit loss. Generally, we do not require collateral to limit the exposure to loss; however, we will sometimes use letters of credit, prepayments or master netting arrangements to mitigate credit risk with counterparties that both buy from and sell to us, as these agreements permit the amounts owed by us to others to be offset against amounts owed to us.

The credit risk from our derivative contracts, such as forwards and swaps, derives from the counterparty to the transaction. Individual counterparty exposure is managed within predetermined credit limits and includes the use of cash-call margins when appropriate, thereby reducing the risk of significant nonperformance. We also use futures, swaps and option contracts that have a negligible credit risk because these trades are cleared with an exchange clearinghouse and subject to mandatory margin requirements, typically on a daily basis, until settled.

Certain of our derivative instruments contain provisions that require us to post collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount. We have contracts with fixed threshold amounts and other contracts with variable threshold amounts that are contingent on our credit ratings. The variable threshold amounts typically decline for lower credit ratings, while both the variable and fixed threshold amounts typically revert to zero if our credit ratings fall below investment grade. Cash is the primary collateral in all contracts; however, many contracts also permit us to post letters of credit as collateral.