| Intangible asset balances by major asset class |
The following tables present the company's intangible asset balances by major asset class. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | At June 30, 2025 | | (Dollars in millions) | | Gross Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount (1) | | Intangible asset class: | | | | | | | | Capitalized software | | $ | 1,290 | | | $ | (405) | | | $ | 885 | | | Client relationships | | 11,221 | | | (5,073) | | | 6,148 | | | Completed technology | | 7,364 | | | (3,642) | | | 3,722 | | | Patents/trademarks | | 2,003 | | | (603) | | | 1,399 | | Other (2) | | 138 | | | (39) | | | 99 | | | Total | | $ | 22,016 | | | $ | (9,763) | | | $ | 12,253 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | At December 31, 2024 | | (Dollars in millions) | | Gross Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount (1) | | Intangible asset class: | | | | | | | | Capitalized software | | $ | 1,282 | | | $ | (492) | | | $ | 790 | | | Client relationships | | 9,704 | | | (4,387) | | | 5,317 | | | Completed technology | | 6,297 | | | (3,164) | | | 3,132 | | | Patents/trademarks | | 1,826 | | | (519) | | | 1,307 | | Other (2) | | 138 | | | (24) | | | 114 | | | Total | | $ | 19,247 | | | $ | (8,587) | | | $ | 10,660 | |
(1)Amounts at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include an increase in the net intangible asset balance of $190 million and a decrease in the net intangible asset balance of $126 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation. (2)Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary technology licenses, data, business processes, methodologies and systems.
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| Intangible assets, future amortization expense |
The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was estimated to be the following at June 30, 2025: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | Capitalized
Software | | Acquired
Intangibles | | Total | | Remainder of 2025 | | $ | 246 | | | $ | 1,146 | | | $ | 1,392 | | | 2026 | | 377 | | | 2,246 | | | 2,623 | | | 2027 | | 219 | | | 2,203 | | | 2,423 | | | 2028 | | 43 | | | 1,898 | | | 1,941 | | | 2029 | | 0 | | | 1,231 | | | 1,231 | | | Thereafter | | — | | | 2,643 | | | 2,643 | |
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| Changes in goodwill balances by reportable segment |
The changes in the goodwill balances by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | Balance | | Goodwill
Additions | | Purchase Price Adjustments | | | | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) | | Balance | | Segment | | 1/1/2025 | | | | Divestitures | | | 6/30/2025 | | Software | | $ | 47,136 | | | $ | 4,994 | | | $ | 12 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 912 | | | $ | 53,054 | | | Consulting | | 9,206 | | | 613 | | | 11 | | | — | | | 230 | | | 10,059 | | | Infrastructure | | 4,363 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 31 | | | 4,393 | | | Other | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | Total | | $ | 60,706 | | | $ | 5,607 | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,172 | | | $ | 67,506 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | Balance | | Goodwill
Additions | | Purchase Price Adjustments | | | | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) | | Balance | Segment | | 1/1/2024 | | | | Divestitures | | | 12/31/2024 | Software | | $ | 46,447 | | | $ | 1,511 | | | $ | (51) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (770) | | | $ | 47,136 | | Consulting | | 8,883 | | | 469 | | | (3) | | | (1) | | | (142) | | | 9,206 | | | Infrastructure | | 4,384 | | | 8 | | | (1) | | | — | | | (28) | | | 4,363 | | Other (2) | | 464 | | | — | | | — | | | (464) | | | — | | | — | | | Total | | $ | 60,178 | | | $ | 1,987 | | | $ | (55) | | | $ | (465) | | | $ | (940) | | | $ | 60,706 | |
(1)Primarily driven by foreign currency translation. (2)In the first quarter of 2024, the company derecognized goodwill related to the divestiture of The Weather Company assets.
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