v3.25.2
Business Segment and Geographical Information
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Business Segment and Geographical Information Business Segment and Geographical Information
The Company is a CRO providing outsourced services on a global basis to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and government and public health organizations. It specializes in the strategic development, management and analysis of programs that support all stages of the clinical development process - from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies. The Company has the expertise and capability to conduct clinical trials in most major therapeutic areas on a global basis and has the operational flexibility to provide development services on a stand-alone basis or as part of an integrated "full-service" or “blended-service” solution. The Company has expanded through internal growth, together with a number of strategic acquisitions to enhance its expertise and capabilities in certain areas of the clinical development process.

The Company operates as one reportable segment, which is the provision of outsourced development services on a global basis to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical devices industries. Effective January 1, 2025, the Company determined that Chief Operating Decision Maker ('CODM') was comprised of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Operating Officer (six months ended June 30, 2024 the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer). As the Company is managed on a consolidated basis, the CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based on consolidated net income. The CODM uses consolidated net income, as reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, to evaluate income generated from segment assets and for decisions related to the deployment of operating and capital resources. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as total consolidated assets.

The accounting policies of the reportable segment are the same as those described in ICON’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024 (see note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies). In the context of considerations around significant segment expenses, as the expense information that is regularly provided to the CODM is aligned with the respective consolidated expenses for direct costs and selling, general, and administrative expenses, as presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, such expense disclosures are not replicated here. Furthermore, as the Company consists of a single reportable segment, other quantitative disclosures, as required by Topic 280, are as presented on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Revenues are allocated to individual entities based on where the work is performed in accordance with the Company's global transfer pricing model. Revenues and income from operations in Ireland are a function of our global contracting model and the ICON Group’s transfer pricing model.

ICON Ireland acts as the ICON Group entrepreneur under the Company’s global transfer pricing model given its role in the development and management of the ICON Group, its ownership of key intellectual property and customer relationships, its key role in the mitigation of risks faced by the ICON Group and its responsibility for maintaining the Company’s global network. ICON Ireland enters into the majority of the Company’s customer contracts.

ICON Ireland remunerates other operating entities in the ICON Group on the basis of an arm’s length return for the services they perform in each of their local territories. The arm’s length return for each ICON entity is established to ensure that each of ICON Ireland and the ICON entities that are involved in the conduct of services for customers, earn an appropriate return having regard to their respective functions performed, assets owned, and risks assumed in these intercompany transactions. The arm’s length return is reviewed annually to ensure that it is market appropriate.

The geographic split of revenue disclosed for each region outside Ireland is the arm’s length revenue attributable to these entities. The residual revenues of the ICON Group, once each ICON entity has been paid its respective intercompany service fee, generally fall to be retained by ICON Ireland. As such, revenues and income from operations in Ireland are a function of this global transfer pricing model and comprise revenues of the ICON Group after deducting the arm’s length revenues attributable to the activities performed outside Ireland.

There have been no changes to the overall basis of segmentation or the measurement basis for the segment results since the prior year.
The geographical distribution of the Company’s segment measures for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 and as at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is as follows:

a) The distribution of revenue by geographical area was as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,
2025		June 30,
2024		June 30,
2025		June 30,
2024
(in thousands)
Ireland $884,257 $702,858 $1,607,159 $1,355,543 
Rest of Europe357,191 384,214 731,203 774,429 
U.S.572,312 792,370 1,244,039 1,601,855 
Rest of World203,597 240,717 436,288 478,718 
Total$2,017,357 $2,120,159 $4,018,689 $4,210,545 

b) The distribution of income from operations by geographical area was as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,
2025		June 30,
2024		June 30,
2025		June 30,
2024
(in thousands)
Ireland $181,837 $223,466 $339,155 $475,282 
Rest of Europe6,895 39,925 43,369 93,734 
U.S.69,355 63,720 136,860 141,688 
Rest of World10,178 19,235 27,388 37,637 
Sub-total$268,265 $346,346 $546,772 $748,341 
Amortization of intangible assets(59,057)(116,489)(118,003)(232,987)
Total$209,208 $229,857 $428,769 $515,354 

c) The distribution of long-lived assets (property, plant and equipment and operating right-of-use assets), net, by geographical area was as follows:
June 30,
2025		December 31, 2024
(in thousands)
Ireland$234,245 $234,175 
Rest of Europe94,481 88,556 
U.S.128,697 145,391 
Rest of World60,908 62,359 
Total$518,331 $530,481