v3.25.2
N-2 - USD ($)
Jul. 21, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cover [Abstract]      
Entity Central Index Key 0001987221    
Amendment Flag false    
Document Type 424B3    
Entity Registrant Name AMG Comvest Senior Lending Fund    
Fee Table [Abstract]      
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block]
    
Class S
shares
   
Class D
shares
   
Class F
shares
   
Class I
shares
 
Shareholder transaction expense (fees paid directly from your investment)
        
Maximum sales load
(1)
     —      —      —      — 
Maximum Early Repurchase Deduction
(2)
     2.0     2.0     2.0     2.0
(1)
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares, or Class F shares; however, if you buy Class S shares, Class D shares or Class F shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that they limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares, a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and a 2.0% cap on NAV for Class F shares. Please consult your selling agent for additional information.
(2)
Under our share repurchase program, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year may be subject to a fee of 2.0% of NAV. The
one-year
holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived, at our discretion, in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
   
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]      
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block]
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to our Common Shares)
(3)
        
Base management fees
(4)
     1.25     1.25     1.25     1.25
Incentive fees
(5)
     0.21     0.21     0.21     0.21
Administration fees
(6)
     0.25     0.25     0.25     0.25
Shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees
(7)
     0.85     0.25     0.50     — 
Interest payment on borrowed funds
(8)
     7.45     7.45     7.45     7.45
Acquired fund fees and expenses
     0.02     0.02     0.02     0.02
Other expenses
(9)
     1.69     1.69     1.69     1.69
Total annual expenses
     11.72     11.12     11.37     10.87
Less: Expense reductions
(9)
     (0.50 )%      (0.50 )%      (0.50 )%      (0.50 )% 
Net annual expenses
     11.22     10.62     10.87     10.37
(3)
Weighted average net assets employed as the denominator for expense ratio computation is $350 million. Actual net assets will depend on the number of Common Shares we actually sell, realized gains/losses, unrealized appreciation/ depreciation and share repurchase activity, if any.
(4)
The management fee is payable quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.25% of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable quarter adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable quarter.
(5)
We have capital gains and investment income that result in the payment of an incentive fee. The incentive fees, if any, are divided into two parts:
The first part of the incentive fee is based on income, whereby we pay the Adviser quarterly in arrears 12.5% of our
Pre-Incentive
Fee Net Investment Income Returns (as defined below), attributable to each class of the Fund’s Common Shares, for each calendar quarter subject to a 5.0% annualized hurdle rate, with a
catch-up.
The second part of the incentive fee is based on realized capital gains, whereby we pay the Adviser at the end of each calendar year in arrears 12.5% of cumulative realized capital gains, attributable to each class of the Fund’s Common Shares, from inception through the end of such calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains.
See “Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement” for more information concerning the incentive fees.
The incentive fee referenced in the table above is estimated based on actual amounts of the incentive fee incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024.
 
(6)
The Administration Fees are calculated and payable monthly in arrears in an amount equal to 0.25% of the value of the Fund’s net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable month.
(7)
Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we will also pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the Managing Dealer and/or a participating broker: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares, (b) for Class D shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, and (c) for Class F shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.50% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class F shares, in each case, payable monthly. No shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees will be paid with respect to the Class I shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S, Class D and Class F shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. In addition, consistent with the Multi-Class Order, at the end of the month in which the Managing Dealer in conjunction with the Transfer Agent determines that total transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, and shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees paid would exceed, in the aggregate, 10% of the gross proceeds of the Fund (or a lower limit as determined by the Managing Dealer or the applicable selling agent), we will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on either (i) each such share that would exceed such limit or (ii) all Class S, Class D and Class F shares in such shareholder’s account. We may modify this requirement if permitted by applicable exemptive relief. At the end of such month, the applicable Class S, Class D or Class F shares in such shareholder’s account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such Class S, Class D or Class F shares. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Estimated Use of Proceeds.” The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering.
(8)
We may borrow funds to make investments, including before we have fully invested the proceeds of this continuous offering. To the extent that we determine it is appropriate to borrow funds to make investments, the costs associated with such borrowing will be indirectly borne by shareholders. The figure in the table assumes that we borrow for investment purposes an amount equal to 100% of our weighted average net assets in the initial
12-month
period of the offering, and that the average annual cost of borrowings, including the amortization of cost associated with obtaining borrowings and unused commitment fees, on the amount borrowed is 7.95%. Our ability to incur leverage during the 12 months following the
  commencement of this offering depends, in large part, on the amount of money we are able to raise through the sale of shares registered in this offering and the availability of financing in the market.
(9)
“Other expenses” include accounting, legal and auditing fees, custodian and transfer agent fees, reimbursement of expenses to our Administrator, organization and offering expenses, insurance costs and fees payable to our Trustees, as discussed in “Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement.” The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts we expect to pay during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, prior to any expense support, as described below.
We entered into the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement with the Adviser and AMG on October 25, 2024, which will terminate on May 1, 2026, unless renewed by mutual agreement of the Adviser, the Administrator, and the Fund, or unless otherwise terminated by the Fund’s Board upon at least thirty (30) days written notice to the Adviser and the Administrator. Pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement, the Adviser and Administrator are obligated to pay, absorb, or reimburse all of our operating costs and expenses incurred, including but not limited to, organization and offering costs and legal, administration, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for investment companies (“Operating Expenses”) (x) above 1.25% of the value of the Fund’s quarterly net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable quarter adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable quarter during the period of time that the Fund operated as a privately offered,
non-traded
BDC and (y) above 1.25% of the value of the Fund’s monthly net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable month during the period of time that the Fund operates as a publicly-offered,
non-traded
BDC. Operating Expenses shall not include any fees payable to the Adviser by the Fund under the Advisory Agreement, interest expenses and other financing costs, portfolio transaction and other investment-related costs, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (including, without limitation, litigation expenses). Any Required Expense Payment must be paid by the Adviser and the Administrator in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds and/or offset against amounts due from us to the Adviser, the Administrator or their affiliates. The Adviser and the Administrator may elect to pay certain additional expenses on our behalf (each, a “Voluntary Expense Payment” and together with a Required Expense Payment, the “Expense Payments”), provided that no portion of the Expense payment will be used to pay any interest expense or distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees of the Fund. Any Expense Payment shall be shared 50/50 between the Adviser and the Administrator. Any Voluntary Expense Payment that the Adviser and the Administrator have committed to pay must be paid by the Adviser and the Administrator in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds no later than forty-five days after such commitment was made in writing, and/or offset against amounts due from us to the Adviser and Administrator or their affiliates. The Adviser and the Administrator will be entitled to reimbursement of an Expense Payment from us if Available Operating Funds exceed the cumulative distributions accrued to the Fund’s shareholders among other conditions. In respect of a Required Expense Payment, no Reimbursement Payment for any quarter shall be made if and to the extent that the Fund’s Operating Expense Ratio (as defined below) (including the amount of the Reimbursement Payment) at the time of such Reimbursement Payment is greater than the Operating Expense Ratio at the time the Required Expense Payment was made.
In respect of a Voluntary Expense Payment, no Reimbursement Payment for any quarter shall be made if and to the extent that: (1) the Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share (as defined below) declared by the Fund at the time of such Reimbursement Payment is less than
the
Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share at the time the Voluntary Payment was made to which such Reimbursement Payment relates or (2) the Fund’s Operating Expense Ratio at the time of such Reimbursement Payment (including the amount of the Reimbursement Payment) is greater than the Operating Expense Ratio at the time the Voluntary Payment was made. For purposes of the Agreement, “Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share” means the
annualized rate (based on a
365-day
year) of regular cash distributions per share exclusive of returns of capital and declared special dividends or special distributions, if any. The “Operating Expense Ratio” is calculated by (x) dividing Operating Expenses, less base management and incentive fees owed to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, administration fees owed to the Administrator pursuant to the Administration Agreement, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, and interest expense, by (y) the Fund’s net assets. Because the Adviser’s and Administrator’s obligation to make Voluntary Expense Payments is voluntary, the table above does not reflect the impact of any Voluntary Expense Payments from the Adviser and the Administrator. Any expenses waived pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement may be subsequently recaptured by the Adviser and the Administrator for a period of three years following the date such waiver or reimbursement occurred, provided that the recapture does not cause the Fund to exceed its expense limit in effect either at the time of the waiver or reimbursement, or at the time of recapture, after repayment is taken into account.
   
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example [Table Text Block]
Example:
We have provided an example of the projected dollar amount of total expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical $1,000 investment in each class of our Common Shares. In calculating each of the following expense amounts, we have assumed that: (1) that our annual operating expenses and offering expenses remain at the levels set forth in the table above, after application of the Adviser’s and Administrator’s obligation to make any Required Expense Payments as described above, except to reduce annual expenses upon completion of organization and offering expenses, (2) the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement will remain in effect until May 1, 2026, its stated termination date, (3) that the annual return after management fees and other expenses, but before incentive fees is 5.0%, (4) that the net return after payment of incentive fees is distributed to shareholders net of the shareholder servicing and/or distributions fees and such amount is reinvested at NAV and (5) your financial intermediary does not directly charge you transaction or other fees.
Class S shares
 
    
1 Year
    
3 Years
    
5 Years
    
10 Years
 
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of investment income:
   $ 109      $ 314      $ 493      $ 844  
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of capital gains:
   $ 114      $ 328      $ 511      $ 864  
Class D shares
 
    
1 Year
    
3 Years
    
5 Years
    
10 Years
 
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of investment income:
   $ 103      $ 300      $ 474      $ 824  
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of capital gains:
   $ 109      $ 315      $ 494      $ 845  
 
26
Class F shares
 
    
1 Year
    
3 Years
    
5 Years
    
10 Years
 
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of investment income:
   $ 105      $ 306      $ 482      $ 832  
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of capital gains:
   $ 111      $ 320      $ 501      $ 853  
Class I shares
 
    
1 Year
    
3 Years
    
5 Years
    
10 Years
 
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of investment income:
   $ 101      $ 295      $ 466      $ 815  
Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a $1,000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0% net return comprised solely of capital gains:
   $ 107      $ 309      $ 486      $ 837  
   
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block] The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor in shares will bear, directly or indirectly. Other expenses are estimated and may vary. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown.    
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] as a percentage of net assets attributable to our Common Shares    
Other Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block]
(2)
Under our share repurchase program, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year may be subject to a fee of 2.0% of NAV. The
one-year
holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived, at our discretion, in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
   
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block]
(9)
“Other expenses” include accounting, legal and auditing fees, custodian and transfer agent fees, reimbursement of expenses to our Administrator, organization and offering expenses, insurance costs and fees payable to our Trustees, as discussed in “Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement.” The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts we expect to pay during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, prior to any expense support, as described below.
We entered into the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement with the Adviser and AMG on October 25, 2024, which will terminate on May 1, 2026, unless renewed by mutual agreement of the Adviser, the Administrator, and the Fund, or unless otherwise terminated by the Fund’s Board upon at least thirty (30) days written notice to the Adviser and the Administrator. Pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement, the Adviser and Administrator are obligated to pay, absorb, or reimburse all of our operating costs and expenses incurred, including but not limited to, organization and offering costs and legal, administration, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for investment companies (“Operating Expenses”) (x) above 1.25% of the value of the Fund’s quarterly net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable quarter adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable quarter during the period of time that the Fund operated as a privately offered,
non-traded
BDC and (y) above 1.25% of the value of the Fund’s monthly net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable month during the period of time that the Fund operates as a publicly-offered,
non-traded
BDC. Operating Expenses shall not include any fees payable to the Adviser by the Fund under the Advisory Agreement, interest expenses and other financing costs, portfolio transaction and other investment-related costs, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (including, without limitation, litigation expenses). Any Required Expense Payment must be paid by the Adviser and the Administrator in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds and/or offset against amounts due from us to the Adviser, the Administrator or their affiliates. The Adviser and the Administrator may elect to pay certain additional expenses on our behalf (each, a “Voluntary Expense Payment” and together with a Required Expense Payment, the “Expense Payments”), provided that no portion of the Expense payment will be used to pay any interest expense or distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees of the Fund. Any Expense Payment shall be shared 50/50 between the Adviser and the Administrator. Any Voluntary Expense Payment that the Adviser and the Administrator have committed to pay must be paid by the Adviser and the Administrator in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds no later than forty-five days after such commitment was made in writing, and/or offset against amounts due from us to the Adviser and Administrator or their affiliates. The Adviser and the Administrator will be entitled to reimbursement of an Expense Payment from us if Available Operating Funds exceed the cumulative distributions accrued to the Fund’s shareholders among other conditions. In respect of a Required Expense Payment, no Reimbursement Payment for any quarter shall be made if and to the extent that the Fund’s Operating Expense Ratio (as defined below) (including the amount of the Reimbursement Payment) at the time of such Reimbursement Payment is greater than the Operating Expense Ratio at the time the Required Expense Payment was made.
In respect of a Voluntary Expense Payment, no Reimbursement Payment for any quarter shall be made if and to the extent that: (1) the Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share (as defined below) declared by the Fund at the time of such Reimbursement Payment is less than
the
Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share at the time the Voluntary Payment was made to which such Reimbursement Payment relates or (2) the Fund’s Operating Expense Ratio at the time of such Reimbursement Payment (including the amount of the Reimbursement Payment) is greater than the Operating Expense Ratio at the time the Voluntary Payment was made. For purposes of the Agreement, “Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share” means the
annualized rate (based on a
365-day
year) of regular cash distributions per share exclusive of returns of capital and declared special dividends or special distributions, if any. The “Operating Expense Ratio” is calculated by (x) dividing Operating Expenses, less base management and incentive fees owed to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, administration fees owed to the Administrator pursuant to the Administration Agreement, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, and interest expense, by (y) the Fund’s net assets. Because the Adviser’s and Administrator’s obligation to make Voluntary Expense Payments is voluntary, the table above does not reflect the impact of any Voluntary Expense Payments from the Adviser and the Administrator. Any expenses waived pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement may be subsequently recaptured by the Adviser and the Administrator for a period of three years following the date such waiver or reimbursement occurred, provided that the recapture does not cause the Fund to exceed its expense limit in effect either at the time of the waiver or reimbursement, or at the time of recapture, after repayment is taken into account.
   
Management Fee not based on Net Assets, Note [Text Block]
(4)
The management fee is payable quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.25% of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable quarter adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable quarter.
   
Financial Highlights [Abstract]      
Senior Securities [Table Text Block]
SENIOR SECURITIES
Information about our senior securities is shown in the following table as of the end of the audited fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024. This information about our senior securities should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
Class and year
  
Total Amount
Outstanding (in
thousands)
    
Asset Coverage
Per Unit(1)
    
Involuntary
Liquidating
Preference Per
Unit(2)
    
Market
Value Per
Unit(3)
 
December 31, 2024
           
Credit Facility
   $ 160,100        1,910        —         N/A  
Secured Borrowing
   $ 63,237        1,910        —         N/A  
December 31, 2023
           
Credit Facility
     —         —         —         N/A  
Secured Borrowing
     —         —         —         N/A  
 
(1)
Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the carrying value of our total assets, less all liabilities excluding indebtedness represented by senior securities in this table, to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness and is calculated on a consolidated basis.
(2)
The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon the voluntary liquidation of the issuer in preference to any security junior to it. The “-” in this column indicates that the SEC expressly does not require this information to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities.
(3)
Not applicable for any of the senior securities as they were not registered for public trading.
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the aggregate principal amount of indebtedness outstanding was approximately $223 million and $0, respectively.
   
Senior Securities Amount   $ 160,100 $ 0
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit [1]   $ 1,910 $ 0
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference [2]   $ 0 $ 0
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]      
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES
We were formed on June 28, 2023, as a Delaware limited partnership. The Fund commenced investment operations on October 18, 2023 and commenced operations on October 24, 2023 as a privately offered BDC. On December 13, 2024, the SEC declared the Fund’s Form
N-2
Registration Statement effective. On March 14, 2025 the SEC issued the Fund a Multi-Class Order. Pursuant to the Form
N-2
Registration Statement and the Multi-Class Order, the Fund is publicly offering on a continuous basis up to $2,000,000,000 of its Class S shares, Class D shares, Class F shares, and Class I shares pursuant to the terms set forth in this prospectus and the subscription agreements the Fund enters into with investors.
Our investment objective is to generate current income and capital appreciation. Our primary focus is to provide risk-adjusted returns and current income to investors by investing primarily in middle market companies with EBITDA generally between $10 million and $100 million within a wide range of industries, although the Fund intends to focus on industries in which the Adviser and its affiliates have investing experience and access to operating resources. We may from time to time invest in smaller or larger companies if the opportunity presents attractive investment characteristics and risk-adjusted returns. Targeted borrowers will operate within a wide range of industries, although we intend to focus on industries in which the Adviser and its affiliates have experience and access to operating resources, including but not limited to healthcare, financial services, business & technology services, industrials, consumer products, and franchisors/retail. Borrowers may be both sponsored (private-equity owned) businesses and
non-sponsored
businesses and are expected to be predominantly privately owned businesses.
Our investment strategy focuses primarily on privately negotiated senior secured term loans in established North American middle market companies, and in select situations, companies in special situations.
Under normal circumstances, we invest at least 80% of our total assets (net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes) in senior private credit investments, including, but not limited to, first lien senior and unitranche loans, notes, bonds, and other corporate debt securities, bridge loans, assignments, participations, total return swaps and other derivatives. We intend to invest primarily in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. A portion of the Fund’s investments may also be composed of “covenant-lite loans,” although such loans are not expected to comprise a majority of the Fund’s portfolio. We will also have the ability to acquire investments through secondary transactions, including through loan portfolios, receivables, contractual obligations to purchase subsequently originated loans and other debt instruments. To a lesser extent, we may utilize “revolvers” or revolving credit lines which allow borrowers to borrow funds, make
re-payments
and subsequently
re-borrow
funds during the term of the revolving loan.
Our investment strategy will also include an allocation to more liquid credit investments such as CLOs, BSLs and corporate bonds. Our liquid credit instruments may include senior secured loans, senior secured bonds, high yield bonds and structured credit instruments. We may also invest in publicly traded securities of larger corporate issuers on an opportunistic basis when market conditions create compelling potential return opportunities.
Although not expected to be a primary component of our investment strategy, we may also make certain opportunistic investments in instruments other than secured debt with a view to enhancing returns, such as mezzanine debt, PIK notes, convertible debt and other unsecured debt instruments, structured debt that is not secured by financial or other assets,
debtor-in-possession
financings and equity in loan portfolios or portfolios of receivables, in each case taking into account availability of leverage for such investments and our target risk/ return profile. We may, to a limited extent, invest in junior debt (whether secured or unsecured), including mezzanine loans, as part of our investment strategy and upon approval of each such investment by the Fund’s portfolio management team. We may also invest in preferred equity, or our debt investments may be accompanied by equity-related securities (such as options or warrants) and/or select common equity investments.
 
We expect that the loans within the portfolio will typically be floating rate instruments that often pay current income on a quarterly basis, and we look to generate return from a combination of ongoing interest income,
original issue discount, closing payments, commitment fees, prepayments and related fees. We expect most of our debt investments will be unrated. When rated by a nationally recognized statistical ratings organization, our investments will generally carry a rating below investment grade (rated lower than “Baa3” by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. or lower than
“BBB-”
by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services). Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value.
We may enter into interest rate, foreign exchange, and/or other derivative arrangements to hedge against interest rate, currency, and / or other credit related risks through the use of futures, options and forward contracts. These hedging activities will be subject to the applicable legal and regulatory compliance requirements; however, there can be no assurance any hedging strategy employed will be successful. We may also seek to borrow capital in local currency as a means to hedging
non-U.S. dollar
denominated investments.
Our investments are subject to a number of risks. See “Investment Objective and Strategies” and “Risk Factors.”
The Adviser, the Administrator, and
Sub-Administrator
The Fund’s investment activities are managed by Comvest Credit Managers, LLC, an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act and an affiliate of Comvest Partners. Comvest Partners is a private investment firm providing equity and debt capital to middle-market companies across North America. Since its founding in 2000, Comvest has invested over $16.8 billion. As of December 31, 2024, Comvest has $15.2 billion in assets under management. Through Comvest’s extensive capital resources and broad network of industry relationships, Comvest offer its companies financial sponsorship, critical strategic and operational support, and business development assistance. The Adviser will be responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting due diligence on prospective investments, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring investments and monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
AMG Funds LLC, in its capacity as our Administrator, provides, or oversee the performance of, administrative and compliance services. AMG Funds LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of AMG. AMG is a strategic partner to leading independent investment management firms globally. AMG’s strategy is to generate long-term value by investing in a diverse array of high-quality independent partner-owned firms, through a proven partnership approach, and allocating resources across AMG’s unique opportunity set to the areas of highest growth and return. Through its distinctive approach, AMG magnifies its Affiliates’ existing advantages and actively supports their independence and ownership culture. As of December 31, 2024, AMG’s aggregate assets under management were approximately $708 billion across a diverse range of private markets, liquid alternative, and differentiated long-only investment strategies.
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, also serves as
Sub-Administrator
to the Fund (in such capacity, the
“Sub-Administrator”)
under which the
Sub-Administrator
provides various accounting and other administrative services with respect to the Fund. The Fund pays the
Sub-Administrator
fees for its
sub-administrative
services under the
sub-administration
agreement. The Fund reimburses the
Sub-Administrator
for all reasonable expenses. To the extent that the
Sub-Administrator
outsources any of its functions, the
Sub-Administrator
pays any compensation associated with such functions.
Market Opportunity
Private credit as an asset class has grown considerably since the global financial crisis of 2008, and it is estimated that global commitments to private debt represented more than $1.63 trillion as of 2024.
4
We expect
 
4
 
Source: Preqin, Private Credit Global AUM tracked as of December 2024.
 
this growth to continue and, along with the factors outlined below, to provide a robust backdrop to what the Adviser believes will be a significant number of attractive investment opportunities aligned to our investment strategy.
 
   
Senior Secured Loans Offer Attractive Investment Characteristics
. The Adviser believes that senior secured loans benefit from their relative priority position, typically sitting as the most senior obligation in an issuer’s capital structure, often with a direct security interest in the issuer’s (or its subsidiaries’) assets. Senior secured loans generally consist of floating rate cash interest coupons that the Adviser believes can be an attractive return attribute in a rising interest rate environment. In addition to a current income component, senior secured loans typically include original issue discount, closing payments, commitment fees, SOFR (or similar rate) floors, call protection, and/or prepayment penalties and related fees that are additive components of total return. The relative seniority and security of a senior secured loan, coupled with the privately negotiated nature of direct lending, are helpful mitigants in reducing downside risk. These attributes have contributed to the comparatively strong record of recovery after a default, as senior secured loans have historically demonstrated a higher recovery rate than unsecured parts of an issuer’s capital structure.
 
   
Regulatory Actions Continue to Drive Demand towards Private Financing.
The direct lending market has seen notable growth and has become a viable alternative solution for middle market borrowers seeking financing capital. Global regulatory actions that followed the 2008 financial crisis have significantly increased the cost of capital requirements for commercial banks, limiting the willingness of commercial banks to originate and retain illiquid,
non-investment
grade credit commitments on their balance sheets, particularly with respect to middle market sized issuers. Instead, many commercial banks have adopted an
“underwrite-and-distribute”
approach, which the Adviser believes is often less attractive to corporate borrowers seeking certainty of capital. As a result, commercial banks’ share of the leveraged loan market declined from approximately 71% in 1994 to less than 25% in 2022.
5
Access to the syndicated leveraged loan market has also become challenging for both first time issuers and smaller scale issuers, who previously had access to the capital markets. Issuers of tranche sizes representing less than $500 million account for approximately 5.38% of the new issue market as of December 31, 2024 as compared to approximately 49% in 2000.
6
the Adviser believes that these regulatory actions have caused a shift in the role that commercial banks play in the direct lending market for middle to upper middle market borrowers, creating a void in the financing marketplace. This void has been filled by direct lending platforms which seek to provide borrowers an alternative “originate and retain” solution. In response, corporate borrower behavior has increasingly shifted to a more conscious assessment of the benefits that private capital from strategic financing partners can offer.
 
   
Volatility in Credit Markets has made Availability of Capital Less Predictable.
The Adviser believes that the value of direct lending platforms for borrowers hinges on providing certainty of capital at a fair economic price. Volatility in the credit markets, coupled with changes to the regulatory framework over the past several years, has resulted in an imbalance between the availability of new loans to middle market borrowers and the demand from borrowers requiring capital for acquisitions, capital expenditures, recapitalizations, refinancings and restructurings. The Adviser believes that the scarcity of the supply of traditional loan capital relative to the demand has created an environment where direct lenders can often negotiate loans with attractive returns and creditor protections.
Potential Competitive Strengths and Investment Selection
The scale and breadth of Comvest Partners’ platform offers the flexibility to invest in companies large and small across the capital structure through both standard and highly customized structures.
 
5
 
Source: S&P LCD Quarterly Leveraged Lending Review 4Q 2024, Primary Investor Market: Banks vs.
Non-bank.
Data available through 2022 only due to significant decline in loan issuance in 2023.
6
 
Source: PitchBook LCD US Syndicated Market by Deal Q2 2024.
 
The Fund expects to benefit from the following key competitive processes of the Adviser in pursuing its investment strategy:
 
   
Leverage of an Established Platform and Infrastructure. We believe that access to individuals with specific industry expertise leads to better, more informed investment decisions. As such, the Adviser will utilize Comvest Partners’ network of operating relationships when practicable in all phases of the investment process–from sourcing a transaction, to performing due diligence, and, when appropriate, assisting in portfolio management. The Adviser will also seek to utilize Comvest Partners’ operating network to help evaluate new investment opportunities and receive insight into these businesses, their management teams, and key industry trends. In addition, Comvest Partners has access to an extensive network of high-quality operating relationships with industry-specific expertise in key industries and markets.
 
   
Originations Resources. To originate investment opportunities in the highly fragmented middle-market requires a dedicated and disciplined originations effort, particularly for
non-sponsored
and
non-traditionally
sponsored transactions. Comvest Partners and its affiliates have invested significant resources in its business development platform and built a brand as a reliable source of capital in the middle-market.
 
   
Underwriting. When a target investment is identified, a due diligence plan is developed by the deal team and approved by the Adviser’s Investment Committee. Due diligence includes business due diligence conducted by the deal team, extensive third-party due diligence that is commissioned by Comvest Partners and, when practicable, utilizing Comvest Partners’ industry relationships. Due diligence conducted by the deal team may include senior management meetings, facility tours, a review of financial data and trends, customer calls, industry calls, a careful evaluation of the borrower’s management, owners and business strategy, as well as an evaluation of the borrower’s enterprise value. Third-party due diligence may include accounting due diligence
(quality-of-earnings
reports), legal, management background checks and other deal-specific third-party work such as regulatory, tax, environmental, industry consultants, valuations and field audits to validate reported cash flows and the quality of the borrower’s assets. The approval process is a multi-stepped and process-driven approach. Transactions are initially screened by Comvest Partners’ entire investment team, and its Investment Committee provides approval at three different points thereafter to ensure that the deal team is building consensus and is performing the necessary level of due diligence for the Investment Committee to make an educated assessment of the opportunity.
 
   
Portfolio Management. The Adviser takes a proactive approach to portfolio management. All investments are evaluated by the deal team on a continuous basis through regular interaction with portfolio company management teams. In addition, portfolio companies are required to provide ongoing information that is utilized to assess the health and prospects of the business. Each investment is assigned a risk rating that is continually
re-evaluated
as material events occur. The investment team meets to discuss all portfolio companies on a regular basis, depending on the risk rating for each investment. Borrowers performing within underwriting expectations are evaluated by the entire team at the earlier of (i) a material development in the performance or prospects of the borrower or (ii) monthly when reporting is distributed to the investment team. In addition, quarterly portfolio review meetings are utilized to facilitate a detailed discussion of each portfolio company. Borrowers that are underperforming (or on “Watch”) are discussed during the biweekly oversight meeting. For each investment on Watch, the investment team develops and implements a portfolio management strategy that is approved by the Oversight and Watchlist Committee. The execution of the strategy is tracked and assessed at each Watchlist Committee meeting. The Adviser’s loan-monitoring infrastructure and processes help ensure that Comvest Partners’ investment professionals can take a proactive approach to portfolio management. Upon any material deviation from underwriting expectations, the team will reassess its investment thesis and utilize its rights as a secured creditor to obtain credit enhancements and/or improve its returns across the portfolio.
 
   
Exit Strategies/Refinancing. We expect to exit our investments typically through one of four scenarios: (i) the sale of the portfolio company itself, resulting in repayment of all outstanding debt, (ii) the recapitalization of the portfolio company in which our loan is replaced with debt or equity from a third party or parties (in some cases, we may choose to participate in the newly issued loan(s)), (iii) the repayment of the initial or remaining principal amount of our loan then outstanding at maturity or (iv) the sale of the debt investment by us. In some investments, there may be scheduled amortization of some portion of our loan which would result in a partial exit of our investment prior to the maturity of the loan.
The Board
Overall responsibility for the Fund’s oversight rests with the Board. We have entered into an Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser manages the Fund on a
day-to-day
basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in our operations in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Fund’s Declaration of Trust, Bylaws and applicable provisions of state and other laws. The Adviser keeps the Board well informed as to the Adviser’s activities on our behalf and our investment operations and provides the Board information with additional information as the Board may, from time to time, request. The Board is currently composed of four members, three of whom are Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund or the Adviser as defined in the 1940 Act.
Investment Committee
The
day-to-day
investment activities of the Fund are under the direction of the Investment Committee and the Board. The Investment Committee is currently comprised of Michael Falk, Jason Gelberd, Tom Goila, Lee Landrum, Robert O’Sullivan, Greg Reynolds, and Cecilio Rodriguez. The
day-to-day
activities of the Fund are overseen by the Fund’s Investment Team, each member of which is an officer, partner or employee of the Adviser or its affiliate. The Investment Team includes individuals with substantial lending and risk management experience. The Adviser may change the composition of the Investment Committee and the Investment Team at any time, and the Adviser may add additional senior Investment Team members to the Investment Committee over time.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities
General
Comvest Partners, including the Adviser, provides investment management services to registered investment companies, investment funds, client accounts and proprietary accounts that Comvest Partners may establish.
Comvest Partners will share any investment and sale opportunities with its other clients and the Fund in accordance with the Advisers Act and firm-wide allocation policies. Subject to the Advisers Act and as further set forth in this prospectus, certain other clients may receive certain priority or other allocation rights with respect to certain investments, subject to various conditions set forth in such other clients’ respective governing agreements.
In addition, as a BDC regulated under the 1940 Act, the Fund is subject to certain limitations relating to
co-investments
and joint transactions with affiliates, which likely in certain circumstances limit the Fund’s ability to make investments or enter into other transactions alongside other clients.
SEC Exemptive Relief
We are generally not permitted to invest in any portfolio company in which Comvest Partners or any of its affiliates currently have an investment or to make any
co-investments
with Comvest Partners or its affiliates,
 
except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or pursuant to the
Co-Investment
Order. The
Co-Investment
Order allows Comvest Partners and the Affiliated Funds to enter into certain negotiated
co-investment
transactions alongside other funds managed by Comvest Partners or its Affiliated Funds in a manner consistent with their investment objective, positions, policies, strategies, and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, subject to compliance with conditions. Pursuant to the
Co-Investment
Order, the Fund is permitted to
co-invest
with its affiliates if, among other things, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s Independent Trustees make certain conclusions in connection with a
co-investment
transaction, including that (1) the terms of the transactions, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to the Fund and the Fund’s shareholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders on the part of any person concerned, and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of the Fund’s shareholders and is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategies.
On March 14, 2025, the SEC issued a Multi-Class Order granting the Fund’s application for exemptive relief from Sections 18(a)(2), 18(c), 18(i) and 61(a) under the 1940 Act. Under the terms of the Multi-Class Order, the Fund is permitted to offer multiple classes of its Common Shares with varying sales loads and asset-based distribution and/or service fees.
Non-Exchange
Traded, Perpetual-Life BDC
The Fund is
non-exchange
traded, meaning its shares are not listed for trading on a stock exchange or other securities market and a perpetual-life BDC, meaning it is an investment vehicle of indefinite duration, whose shares are intended to be sold by the BDC monthly at the subscription price per share. The Fund may set the subscription price per share above the then-calculated NAV per share based on a variety of factors, including to allocate the total amount of the Fund’s organizational and other expenses to new subscribers. In our perpetual-life structure, we may, at our discretion, offer investors an opportunity to repurchase their shares on a quarterly basis, but we are not obligated to offer to repurchase any in any particular quarter. We believe that our perpetual nature enables us to execute a patient and opportunistic strategy and be able to invest across different market environments. This may reduce the risk of the Fund being a forced seller of assets in market downturns compared to
non-perpetual
funds. While we may consider a liquidity event at any time in the future, we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our Declaration of Trust or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time.
FINRA Rule 2310(b)(3)(D) requires that we disclose the liquidity of prior public programs sponsored by the Adviser, in which disclosed in the offering materials was a date or time period at which the program might be liquidated, and whether the prior program(s) in fact liquidated on or around that date or during the time period. As of the date of this prospectus, the Adviser has not sponsored any prior public programs responsive to FINRA Rule 2310(b)(3)(D).
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the “JOBS Act.” As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
 
   
have an auditor attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
 
   
submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes pursuant to the “say on frequency” and “say on pay” provisions (requiring a
non-binding
shareholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a
non-binding
shareholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010; or
 
   
disclose certain executive compensation related items, such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means that an emerging growth company can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies.
We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of: (1) the last date of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (2) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in
non-convertible
debt; or (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined under Rule
12b-2
under the Exchange Act.
We do not believe that being an emerging growth company will have a significant impact on our business or this offering. As stated above, we have elected to opt in to the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards available to emerging growth companies. Also, because we are not a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer under
Section 12b-2
of the Exchange Act, and will not be for so long as our Common Shares are not traded on a securities exchange, we will not be subject to auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act even once we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, so long as we are externally managed by the Adviser and we do not directly compensate our executive officers, or reimburse the Adviser or its affiliates for the salaries, bonuses, benefits and severance payments for persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the Adviser, we do not expect to include disclosures relating to executive compensation in our periodic reports or proxy statements and, as a result, do not expect to be required to seek shareholder approval of executive compensation and golden parachute compensation arrangements pursuant to Section 14A(a) and (b) of the Exchange Act.
Employees
We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for our business are provided by individuals who are employees of the Adviser or its affiliates pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement and the Administrator or its affiliates pursuant to the Administration Agreement. Each of our executive officers described under “Management of the Fund” is employed by the Comvest Partners, AMG Funds LLC or their affiliates. Our
day-to-day
investment operations will be managed by the Adviser. The services necessary for the sourcing and administration of our investment portfolio will be provided by investment professionals employed by the Adviser or its affiliates. The Investment Team will focus on origination,
non-originated
investments and transaction development and the ongoing monitoring of our investments.
Regulation as a BDC
The following discussion is a general summary of the material prohibitions and descriptions governing BDCs generally. It does not purport to be a complete description of all of the laws and regulations affecting BDCs.
Qualifying Assets
. Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than Qualifying Assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, Qualifying Assets represent at least 70% of the company’s total assets. The principal categories of Qualifying Assets relevant to our business are any of the following:
(1) Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an Eligible Portfolio Company (as defined below), or from any person who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an Eligible Portfolio
 
Company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC. An “Eligible Portfolio Company” is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer which:
(a) is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States;
(b) is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly owned by the BDC) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and
(c) satisfies any of the following:
(i) does not have any class of securities that is traded on a national securities exchange;
(ii) has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange, but has an aggregate market value of outstanding voting and
non-voting
common equity of less than $250 million;
(iii) is controlled by a BDC or a group of companies, including a BDC and the BDC has an affiliated person who is a director of the Eligible Portfolio Company; or
(iv) is a small and solvent company having total assets of not more than $4 million and capital and surplus of not less than $2 million.
(2) Securities of any Eligible Portfolio Company controlled by the Fund.
(3) Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities was unable to meet its obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements.
(4) Securities of an Eligible Portfolio Company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and the Fund already owns 60% of the outstanding equity of the Eligible Portfolio Company.
(5) Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described in (1) through (4) above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities.
(6) Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.
In addition, a BDC must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in (1), (2) or (3) above.
Significant Managerial Assistance
. A BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described above. However, in order to count portfolio securities as Qualifying Assets for the purpose of the 70% test, the BDC must either control the issuer of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities (other than small and solvent companies described above) significant managerial assistance; except that, where the BDC purchases such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, one of the other persons in the group makes available such managerial assistance. Making available significant managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby we, as a BDC, through our trustees, officers or employees, offer to provide and, if accepted, provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company through monitoring of portfolio company operations, selective participation in board and management meetings, consulting with and advising a portfolio company’s officers or other organizational or financial guidance. As part of our ongoing relationship with portfolio companies, our investment team monitors the financial trends of each portfolio company and its respective industry to assess the appropriate course of action for each investment.
 
Temporary Investments
. Pending investment in other types of Qualifying Assets, as described above, our investments can consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which are referred to herein, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets would be Qualifying Assets.
Warrants
. Under the 1940 Act, a BDC is subject to restrictions on the issuance, terms and amount of warrants, options or rights to purchase shares that it may have outstanding at any time. In particular, the amount of shares that would result from the conversion or exercise of all outstanding warrants, options or rights to purchase shares cannot exceed 25% of the BDC’s total outstanding shares.
Leverage and Senior Securities; Coverage Ratio
. We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness and one class of shares senior to our Common Shares if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, would at least equal 150% immediately after each such issuance. At the organizational meeting on October 20, 2023, our Board approved the adoption of this 150% threshold pursuant to Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act and such election became effective the following day. As defined in the 1940 Act, asset coverage of 150% means that for every $100 of net assets we hold, we may raise $200 from borrowing and issuing senior securities. In addition, while any senior securities remain outstanding, we will be required to make provisions to prohibit any dividend distribution to our shareholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time of the dividend distribution or repurchase. We will also be permitted to borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary or emergency purposes, which borrowings would not be considered senior securities.
We have entered into the Credit Agreement and may in the future establish more credit facilities and/or subscription facilities or enter into other financing arrangements to facilitate investments and the timely payment of our expenses. It is anticipated that any such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates at to be determined spreads over an applicable reference rate. We cannot assure shareholders that we will be able to enter into a credit facility in the future. Shareholders will indirectly bear the costs associated with any borrowings under a credit facility or otherwise.
We may enter into a total return swap (“TRS”) agreement. A TRS is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in the market value of the assets underlying the TRS, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate. A TRS effectively adds leverage to a portfolio by providing investment exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Because of the unique structure of a TRS, a TRS often offers lower financing costs than are offered through more traditional borrowing arrangements. The Fund would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation.
We may also create leverage by securitizing our assets (including in CLOs) and retaining the equity portion of the securitized vehicle. We may also from time to time make secured loans of our marginable securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions.
Code of Ethics
. We and the Adviser have adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule
17j-1
under the 1940 Act and
Rule 204A-1
under the Advisers Act, respectively, that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to the code are permitted to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. You may read and copy this code of ethics at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (202)
551-8090.
You may also obtain copies of the codes of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
 
 
Affiliated Transactions
. We may be prohibited under the 1940 Act from conducting certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our Trustees who are not interested persons and, in some cases, the prior approval of the SEC. The
Co-Investment
Order permits us, among other things, to
co-invest
with certain other persons, including certain affiliates of the Adviser and certain funds managed and controlled by Comvest Partners and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions.
Other
. We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act, and be subject to the periodic reporting and related requirements of the Exchange Act.
We are also required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we will be prohibited from protecting any Trustee or officer against any liability to our shareholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
We are also required to designate a chief compliance officer and to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws and to review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation.
We are not permitted to change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by a majority of our outstanding voting securities. A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (i) 67% or more of such company’s shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company.
   
Risk Factors [Table Text Block]
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities involves certain risks relating to our structure and investment objective. All known material risks are presented below. However, the risks set forth below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may materially affect our business, our structure, our financial condition, our investments and/or operating results. If any of the following events occur; our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, our NAV and the trading price of our Common Shares could decline. There can be no assurance that we will achieve our investment objective and you may lose all or part of your investment.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE
We have a limited operating history.
We have a limited operating and performance history. Past performance, including the past performance of other investment entities and accounts managed by the Adviser, is not necessarily indicative of our future results.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities and may not be able to compete effectively.
We compete for investments with other BDCs and investment funds (including private equity and hedge funds), as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or the
source-of-income,
asset diversification and distribution requirements that we must satisfy to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we are able to do.
We may lose investment opportunities if our pricing, terms and structure do not match those of our competitors. With respect to the investments that we make, we do not seek to compete based primarily on the interest rates we may offer, and we believe that some of our competitors may make loans with interest rates that may be lower than the rates we offer. In the secondary market for acquiring existing loans, we expect to compete generally on the basis of pricing terms. If we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. If we are forced to match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on our investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. Part of our potential competitive advantage stems from the fact that we believe the market for middle market lending is underserved by traditional bank lenders and other financial sources. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of our competitors in this target market could force us to accept less attractive investment terms. We may also compete for investment opportunities with accounts managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. Although the Adviser allocates opportunities in accordance with its policies and procedures, allocations to such other accounts reduces the amount and frequency of opportunities available to us and may not be in our best interests and, consequently, our shareholders. Moreover, the performance of investment opportunities is not known at the time of allocation. If we are not able to compete effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected, thus affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations. Because of this competition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify and take advantage of attractive investment opportunities that we identify or that we will be able to fully invest our available capital.
 
We do not expect to replicate the historical performance of other entities managed or supported by Comvest Partners.
We do not expect to replicate the historical performance of Comvest Partners’ investments, or those of its affiliates. In addition, our investment strategies may differ from those of Comvest Partners or its affiliates. We, as a BDC and as a RIC, are subject to certain regulatory restrictions that do not apply to Comvest Partners or its affiliates. Finally, we can offer no assurance that our investment team will be able to continue to implement our investment objective with the same degree of success as it has had in the past.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on key investment personnel of Comvest Partners and the Adviser. If Comvest Partners and the Adviser were to lose any of their key investment personnel, our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed.
We depend on the investment judgment, skill and relationships of the investment professionals of the Adviser to identify, evaluate, negotiate, structure, execute, monitor and service our investments. The Adviser, as an affiliate of Comvest Partners, is supported by Comvest Partners to fulfill its obligations to us under the Advisory Agreement. The Adviser may also depend upon Comvest Partners to obtain access to investment opportunities originated by professionals. Our future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of the key investment personnel of the Adviser. The departure of any of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective. We do not currently intend to provide key person life insurance for any of our key investment personnel.
The Investment Committee, which provides oversight over our investment activities, is provided by the Adviser. The loss of any member of the Investment Committee or of other senior professionals of the Adviser and its affiliates without suitable replacement could limit our ability to achieve our investment objective and operate as we anticipate. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operation and cash flows. To achieve our investment objective, the Adviser may hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in its investment selection and monitoring process. If the Adviser is unable to find investment professionals or do so in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Through the Resource Sharing Agreement, the Adviser intends to capitalize on the significant deal origination, credit underwriting, due diligence, investment structuring, execution, portfolio management and monitoring experience of Comvest Partners’ investment professionals. There can be no assurance that Comvest Partners will perform its obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. The Resource Sharing Agreement may be terminated by either party on 60 days’ notice, which if terminated may have a material adverse consequence on the Fund’s operations.
A renewed disruption in the capital markets and the credit markets could adversely affect our business.
As a BDC, we must maintain our ability to raise additional capital for investment purposes. If we are unable to access the capital markets or credit markets, we may be forced to curtail our business operations and may be unable to pursue new investment opportunities. The success of our activities is affected by general economic and market conditions, including, among others, interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws, and trade barriers. These factors could affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of our investments. Volatility or illiquidity could impair our profitability or result in losses.
The capital markets and the credit markets have experienced extreme volatility in recent periods, and, as a result, there has been and will likely continue to be uncertainty in the financial markets in general. Disruptions in the capital markets in recent years increased the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. In addition, a prolonged period of market
 
illiquidity may cause us to reduce the volume of loans that we originate and/or fund and adversely affect the value of our portfolio investments. Unfavorable economic conditions could also increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow and negatively impact our operating results. Ongoing disruptive conditions in the financial industry and the impact of new legislation in response to those conditions could restrict our business operations and, consequently, could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If the fair value of our assets declines substantially, we may fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios imposed upon us by the 1940 Act. Any such failure would result in a default under such indebtedness and otherwise affect our ability to issue senior securities, borrow under a credit facility and pay distributions, which could materially impair our business operations. Our liquidity could be impaired further by our inability to access the capital or credit markets. For example, we cannot be certain that we will be able to renew our Leverage Arrangements (defined below) as they mature or to consummate new arrangements to provide capital for normal operations. In recent years, reflecting concern about the stability of the financial markets, many lenders and institutional investors have reduced or ceased providing funding to borrowers. This market turmoil and tightening of credit have led to increased market volatility and widespread reduction of business activity generally in recent years. In addition, adverse economic conditions due to these disruptive conditions could materially impact our ability to comply with the financial and other covenants in any existing or future Leverage Arrangements. If we are unable to comply with these covenants, this could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There is uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments because most of our investments are, and may continue to be, in private companies and recorded at fair value. In addition, the fair values of our investments are determined by our Adviser, subject to oversight by our Board, in accordance with our Valuation Policy.
Some of our investments are and may be in the form of securities or loans that are not publicly traded. The fair value of these investments may not be readily determinable. Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board, including to reflect significant events affecting the value of our securities. For purposes of the 1940 Act, the Board has designated the Adviser as the Fund’s “valuation designee” under
Rule 2a-5
under the 1940 Act. The Board provides oversight of the Adviser’s fair value determinations of the Fund’s portfolio investments on a monthly basis in good faith, including investments that are not publicly traded and those whose market prices are not readily available.
Valuations of our portfolio, which will affect the amount of the management fee and incentive fee and our performance results, may involve uncertainties and judgmental determinations. Further, the methodology for the calculation of the management fee and incentive fee creates a potential conflict of interest for the Adviser in determining valuations.
Our business, results of operations and financial condition depend on our ability to manage future growth effectively.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective and to grow depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of the Adviser’s structuring of the investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and its ability to access financing on acceptable terms. The Adviser has substantial responsibilities under the Advisory Agreement and may also be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our eligible portfolio companies. These demands on the time of the Adviser and its investment professionals may distract them or slow our rate of investment. In order to grow, we and the Adviser may need to retain, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals. However, these investment professionals may not be able to contribute effectively to the work of the Adviser. If we are unable to manage our future growth effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
 
We may borrow money, which could magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested in us and increase the risk of investing in us.
We may elect to utilize one or more subscription lines (each, a “Subscription Line”), each of which would be expected to be secured by our aggregate committed capital to purchase shares of the Fund, including to fund portfolio investments pending receipt of amounts drawn from shareholders with respect to unfunded committed capital. We may also guarantee loans made to or in respect of the Fund or its investments or enter into repurchase agreements in respect of investments (together with any Subscription Lines and the Loan and Servicing Agreement (as defined below), “Leverage Arrangements”).
On July 16, 2024 and as amended on March 27, 2025, AMG Comvest Senior Lending Fund LL1 SPV, LLC (“Subsidiary II”), a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned financing subsidiary of the Fund, has entered into a loan and servicing agreement with the Fund and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, as collateral agent, administrative agent and a lender, Webster Bank, N.A., as a lender, and Western Alliance Trust Company, N.A. as collateral custodian and the collateral administrator, with an aggregate principal amount of $400 million (with an option to increase such amount up to $500 million), which can be drawn in U.S. dollars subject to certain conditions (as amended, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”). In accordance with the 1940 Act as presently in effect, BDCs generally are prohibited from incurring additional leverage to the extent it would cause them to have less than a 150% asset coverage ratio, reflecting approximately a 2:1 debt to equity ratio, taking into account the then current fair value of their investments.
Our ability to service any debt that we incur depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. In addition, shareholders will, indirectly, bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of leverage.
The Small Business Credit Availability Act (“SBCAA”), among other things, modified the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act to reduce the required asset coverage ratio applicable to BDCs from 200% to 150% subject to certain conditions. Increased leverage could increase the risks associated with investing in us. For example, if the value of the Fund’s assets decreases, although the asset base and expected revenues would be larger because increased leverage would permit the Fund to acquire additional assets, leverage will cause the Fund’s NAV to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have without leverage or with lower leverage. Similarly, any decrease in the Fund’s revenue would cause its net income to decline more sharply, on a relative basis, than it would have if the Fund had not borrowed or had borrowed less (although, as noted above, the Fund’s asset base and expected revenues would likely be larger). However, since the Fund does not expect to use leverage to a significant degree, there are no material additional risks associated with increased leverage other than the amount of the leverage.
If we are unable to comply with the covenants or restrictions in our borrowings, our business could be materially adversely affected.
Leverage Arrangements into which we may enter may include covenants that, subject to exceptions, restrict our ability to pay distributions, create liens on assets, make investments, make acquisitions and engage in mergers or consolidations. Such arrangements may also include a change of control provision that accelerates the indebtedness under the facility in the event of certain change of control events. Complying with these restrictions may prevent us from taking actions that we believe would help us grow our business or are otherwise consistent with our investment objective. These restrictions could also limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or meet extraordinary capital needs or otherwise restrict corporate activities. In addition, the restrictions contained in a credit facility could limit our ability to make distributions to our shareholders in certain circumstances, which could result in us failing to qualify as a RIC and thus becoming subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes).
 
Although we have commenced a share repurchase program, we have discretion to not repurchase shares, and our Board has the ability to amend or suspend the program.
Although we have commenced a share repurchase program, our Board may amend or suspend the share repurchase program at any time in its discretion (including to offer to purchase fewer shares). Shareholders may not be able to sell their shares on a timely basis in the event our Board amends or suspends the share repurchase program, absent a liquidity event, and we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our organizational documents or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time. We will notify shareholders of such developments in our quarterly reports or other filings. If less than the full amount of shares requested to be repurchased in any given repurchase offer are repurchased, funds will be allocated pro rata based on the total number of shares being repurchased without regard to class. The share repurchase program has many limitations and should not be considered a guaranteed method to sell shares promptly or at a desired price.
We may need to raise additional capital to grow.
We may need additional capital to fund new investments and grow. We may access the capital markets periodically to issue equity securities. In addition, we may also issue debt securities or borrow from financial institutions in order to obtain such additional capital. Unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs and limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. A reduction in the availability of new capital could limit our ability to grow. In addition, we are required to distribute at least 90.0% of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to our shareholders to maintain our RIC status. As a result, these earnings will not be available to fund new investments. If we are unable to access the capital markets or if we are unable to borrow from financial institutions, we may be unable to grow our business and execute our business strategy fully, and our earnings, if any, could decrease, which could have an adverse effect on the value of our securities.
We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.
Interest rate risk refers to the risk of market changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes affect the value of debt. In general, rising interest rates will negatively impact the price of fixed rate debt, and falling interest rates will have a positive effect on price. Adjustable rate debt also reacts to interest rate changes in a similar manner, although generally to a lesser degree. Interest rate sensitivity is generally larger and less predictable in debt with uncertain payment or prepayment schedules. Further, rising interest rates make it more difficult for borrowers to repay debt, which could increase the risk of payment defaults. Any failure of one or more portfolio companies to repay or refinance its debt at or prior to maturity or the inability of one or more portfolio companies to make ongoing payments following an increase in contractual interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
To the extent we borrow money to make investments, our net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, a significant change in market interest rates may have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in the event we use debt to finance our investments. Due to rising interest rates, our cost of funds have increased, which have reduced our net investment income. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. These techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
We are subject to risks associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning technology.
Artificial intelligence, including machine learning and similar tools and technologies that collect, aggregate, analyze or generate data or other materials (collectively, “AI”), and its current and potential future applications including in the private investment and financial industries, as well as the legal and regulatory frameworks within which AI operates, continue to rapidly evolve.
 
Recent technological advances in AI pose risks to the Fund, the Adviser, and our portfolio investments. The Fund and our portfolio investments could also be exposed to the risks of AI if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to the Fund, also use AI in their business activities. We and our portfolio companies may not be in a position to control the use of AI technology in third-party products or services.
Use of AI could include the input of confidential information in contravention of applicable policies, contractual or other obligations or restrictions, resulting in such confidential information becoming part accessible by other third-party AI applications and users. While the Adviser does not currently use AI to make investment recommendations, the use of AI could also exacerbate or create new and unpredictable risks to our business, the Adviser’s business, and the business of our portfolio companies, including by potentially significantly disrupting the markets in which we and our portfolio companies operate or subjecting us, our portfolio companies and the Adviser to increased competition and regulation, which could materially and adversely affect business, financial condition or results of operations of us, our portfolio companies and the Adviser. In addition, the use of AI by bad actors could heighten the sophistication and effectiveness of cyber and security attacks experienced by our portfolio companies and the Adviser.
Global economic, political and market conditions, including downgrades of the U.S. credit rating, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability.
The current worldwide financial market situation, as well as various social and political tensions in the United States and around the world, may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets and may cause economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. The impact of downgrades by rating agencies to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness as well as potential government shutdowns and uncertainty surrounding transfers of power could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the United States. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and other regions or countries globally and the resulting instability in global financial markets may pose a risk to our business. Financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of
non-performing
loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the effect of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, and instability in the Chinese capital markets.
Various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world (including wars and other forms of conflict, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics), may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Such events, including rising trade tensions between the United States and China, other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. and foreign, trade, economic and other policies with other countries, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. These market and economic disruptions could negatively impact the operating results of our portfolio companies.
In addition, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and corresponding events have had, and could continue to have, severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets. Following Russia’s actions, various governments, including the United States, have issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia, including, among other actions, a prohibition on doing business with certain Russian companies, large financial
 
institutions, officials and oligarchs; a commitment by certain countries and the European Union to remove selected Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, the electronic banking network that connects banks globally; and restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. The duration of hostilities and the vast array of sanctions and related events (including cyberattacks and espionage) cannot be predicted.
Additionally, the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, and resulting market volatility could also adversely affect the Fund’s business, operating results and financial condition. The extent and duration or escalation of the war and resulting future market disruptions are impossible to predict but could be significant. Any disruptions resulting from the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and any future conflict resulting from actual or threatened responses to such actions could cause disruptions to portfolio companies located in the Middle East or that have substantial business relationships with companies in the affected region.
These events present material uncertainty and risk with respect to markets globally, which pose potential adverse risks to us and the performance of our investments and operations. Any such market disruptions could affect our portfolio companies’ operations and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Sanctions and export control laws and regulations are complex, frequently changing, and increasing in number, and they may impose additional legal compliance costs or business risks associated with our operations.
We, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, the Adviser, and our portfolio companies may maintain cash balances at financial institutions that exceed federally insured limits and may otherwise be materially affected by adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults or
non-performance
by financial institutions or transactional counterparties.
Our cash and the cash of our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries and our Adviser is held in accounts at U.S. banking institutions that we believe are of high quality. Cash held by us, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser and by our portfolio companies in
non-interest-bearing
and interest-bearing operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. If such banking institutions were to fail, we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser, or our portfolio companies could lose all or a portion of those amounts held in excess of such insurance limitations. In addition, actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults,
non-performance
or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems, which could adversely affect our, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries’, our Adviser’s and our portfolio companies’ business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects.
Although we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries and our Adviser assess our and our portfolio companies’ banking relationships as we believe necessary or appropriate, our and our portfolio companies’ access to funding sources and other credit arrangements in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our respective current and projected future business operations could be significantly impaired by factors that affect us, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser or our portfolio companies, the financial institutions with which we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser or our portfolio companies have arrangements directly, or the financial services industry or economy in general. These factors could include, among others, events such as liquidity constraints or failures, the ability to perform obligations under various types of financial, credit or liquidity agreements or arrangements, disruptions or instability in the financial services industry or financial markets, or concerns or negative expectations about the prospects for companies in the financial services industry. These factors could involve financial institutions or financial services industry companies with which we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser or our portfolio companies have financial or business relationships, but could also include factors involving financial markets or the financial services industry generally.
 
In addition, investor concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems could result in less favorable commercial financing terms, including higher interest rates or costs and tighter financial and operating covenants, or systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources, thereby making it more difficult for us, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser, or our portfolio companies to acquire financing on acceptable terms or at all.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR OPERATIONS
Because we intend to distribute substantially all of our income to our shareholders to maintain our status as a RIC, we will continue to need additional capital to finance our growth. If additional funds are unavailable or not available on favorable terms, our ability to grow may be impaired.
In order for us to qualify for the tax benefits available to RICs and to avoid payment of excise taxes, we intend to distribute to our shareholders substantially all of our annual taxable income. As a result of these requirements, we may need to raise capital from other sources to grow our business.
Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted.
As a BDC, we are prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our Independent Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5.0% or more of our outstanding voting securities is an affiliate of ours for purposes of the 1940 Act. We are generally prohibited from buying or selling any securities (other than our securities) from or to an affiliate. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with an affiliate, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of Independent Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. If a person acquires more than 25.0% of our voting securities, we are prohibited from buying or selling any security (other than our securities) from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or Trustees or their affiliates. As a result of these restrictions, we may be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any portfolio company of a private equity fund managed by any affiliate of the Adviser without the prior approval of the SEC, which may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.
The Adviser has significant potential conflicts of interest with us and, consequently, your interests as shareholders which could adversely impact our investment returns.
Our executive officers and Trustees, as well as the current or future investment professionals of the Adviser, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do or of investment funds managed by our affiliates. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in your interests as shareholders. We are focused primarily on investing in the investments that we target, in the future, the investment professionals of the Adviser and/or its affiliates that provide services pursuant to the Advisory Agreement may manage other funds which may from time to time have overlapping investment objectives with our own and, accordingly, may invest in, whether principally or secondarily, asset classes similar to those targeted by us. If this occurs, the Adviser may face conflicts of interest in allocating investment opportunities to us and such other funds. Although the investment professionals endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, it is possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by the Adviser or persons affiliated with the Adviser or that certain of these investment funds may be favored over us. When these investment professionals identify an investment, they may be forced to choose which investment fund should make the investment.
While we may
co-invest
with investment entities managed by the Adviser or its affiliates to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, the 1940 Act imposes significant limits on
 
co-investment.
On August 2, 2021, the SEC granted Commonwealth Credit Partners BDC I, Inc. the
Co-Investment
Order which permits us to
co-invest
in portfolio companies with certain funds or entities managed by the Adviser or its affiliates in certain negotiated transactions where
co-investing
would otherwise be prohibited under the 1940 Act, subject to the conditions of the
Co-Investment
Order. Pursuant to the
Co-Investment
Order, we are permitted to
co-invest
with our affiliates if a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our Independent Trustees make certain conclusions in connection with a
co-investment
transaction, including, but not limited to, that (1) the terms of the potential
co-investment
transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our shareholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of us or our shareholders on the part of any person concerned, and (2) the potential
co-investment
transaction is consistent with the interests of our shareholders and is consistent with our then-current investment objectives and strategies.
If the Adviser forms other affiliates in the future, we may
co-invest
on a concurrent basis with such other affiliates, subject to compliance with applicable regulations and regulatory guidance or an exemptive order from the SEC and our allocation procedures. In addition, we pay management fees to the Adviser and reimburse the Adviser for certain expenses it incurs. As a result, investors in our Shares invest in us on a “gross” basis and receive distributions on a “net” basis after our expenses. Any potential conflict of interest arising as a result of the arrangements with the Adviser could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The Adviser’s liability is limited under the Advisory Agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify the Adviser against certain liabilities, which may lead the Adviser to act in a riskier manner than it would when acting for its own account.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser does not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for under that agreement, and it is not responsible for any action of our Board in following or declining to follow the Adviser’s advice or recommendations. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Indemnified Parties (as defined below) are not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any act or omission or any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the Advisory Agreement relates, provided that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which the Adviser would otherwise be subject by reason of disabling conduct. Under the Advisory Agreement, absent disabling conduct, the Fund will indemnify the Indemnified Parties against, and hold them harmless from, any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of the Adviser’s services under the Advisory Agreement or otherwise as Adviser for the Fund. The Indemnified Parties will not be liable under the Advisory Agreement or otherwise for any loss due to the mistake, action, inaction, negligence, dishonesty, fraud or bad faith of any broker or other agent; provided, that such broker or other agent shall have been selected, engaged or retained and monitored by the Adviser in good faith, unless such action or inaction was made by reason of disabling conduct, or in the case of a criminal action or proceeding, where the Adviser had reasonable cause to believe its conduct was unlawful. These protections may lead the Adviser to act in a riskier manner than it would when acting for its own account.
The Adviser can resign upon 120 days’ notice, and a suitable replacement may not be found within that time, resulting in disruptions in our operations that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has the right to resign at any time upon 120 days’ written notice, whether a replacement has been found or not. If the Adviser resigns, we may not be able to find a new adviser or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 120 days, or at all. If a replacement is not able to be found on a timely basis, our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay distributions are likely to be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by the Adviser and its affiliates, the
 
coordination of its internal management and investment activities is likely to suffer. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, their integration into our business and lack of familiarity with our investment objective may result in additional costs and time delays that may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If we fail to maintain our status as a BDC, our business and operating flexibility could be significantly reduced, and we may be subject to numerous restrictions on our activities, including restrictions on leverage and on the nature of our investments.
We qualify as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs. For example, BDCs are required to invest at least 70.0% of their total assets in specified types of securities, primarily in private companies or thinly-traded U.S. public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. Failure to comply with the requirements imposed on BDCs by the 1940 Act could cause the SEC to bring an enforcement action against us and/or expose us to claims of private litigants. In addition, upon approval of a majority of our shareholders, we may elect to withdraw their respective election as a BDC. If we decide to withdraw our election, or if we otherwise fail to qualify, or maintain our qualification, as a BDC, we may be subject to the substantially greater regulation under the 1940 Act as a
closed-end
investment company. Compliance with these regulations would significantly decrease our operating flexibility and could significantly increase our cost of doing business.
If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could be precluded from investing in certain assets or could be required to dispose of certain assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a BDC, we are prohibited from acquiring any assets other than “qualifying assets” unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70.0% of our total assets are qualifying assets. We may acquire in the future other investments that are not “qualifying assets” to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we would be prohibited from investing in additional assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, these rules could prevent us from making
follow-on
investments in existing portfolio companies (which could result in the dilution of our position) or could require us to dispose of investments at inopportune times in order to come into compliance with the 1940 Act. If we need to dispose of these investments quickly, it may be difficult to dispose of such investments on favorable terms. For example, we may have difficulty in finding a buyer and, even if a buyer is found, we may have to sell the investments at a substantial loss.
Our ability to invest in public companies may be limited in certain circumstances.
To maintain our status as a BDC, we are not permitted to acquire any assets other than in “qualifying assets” specified in the 1940 Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70.0% of our total assets are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). Subject to certain exceptions for
follow-on
investments and distressed companies, an investment in an issuer that has outstanding securities listed on a national securities exchange may be treated as qualifying assets only if such issuer has a common equity market capitalization that is less than $250.0 million at the time of such investment.
Regulations governing the operations of BDCs may affect our ability to raise additional equity capital as well as our ability to issue senior securities or borrow for investment purposes, any or all of which could have a negative effect on our investment objectives and strategies.
Our business requires a substantial amount of capital. We may acquire additional capital from the issuance of senior securities, including borrowing under a credit facility or other indebtedness. In addition, we may also issue additional equity capital, which would in turn increase the equity capital available to us. However, we may not be able to raise additional capital in the future on favorable terms or at all.
 
We may issue debt securities and preferred stock, and we may borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities”, up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. We do not currently intend to issue preferred stock, however. The 1940 Act permits us to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% after each issuance of senior securities. If our asset coverage ratio is not at least 150%, we would be unable to issue senior securities, and if we had senior securities outstanding (other than any indebtedness issued in consideration of a privately arranged loan, such as any indebtedness outstanding under a credit facility), we would be unable to make distributions to our shareholders. At its organizational meeting on October 20, 2023, the Board approved a proposal that permits us to reduce our asset coverage ratio to 150%. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to liquidate a portion of our investments and repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous.
In addition, we may in the future seek to securitize other portfolio securities to generate cash for funding new investments. To securitize loans, we would likely create a wholly-owned subsidiary and contribute a pool of loans to the subsidiary. We would then sell interests in the subsidiary on a
non-recourse
basis to purchasers and we would retain all or a portion of the equity in the subsidiary. If we are unable to successfully securitize our loan portfolio our ability to grow our business or fully execute our business strategy could be impaired and our earnings, if any, could decrease. The securitization market is subject to changing market conditions, and we may not be able to access this market when it would be otherwise deemed appropriate. Moreover, the successful securitization of our portfolio might expose us to losses as the residual investments in which we do not sell interests will tend to be those that are riskier and more apt to generate losses. The 1940 Act also may impose restrictions on the structure of any securitization.
We may also obtain capital through the issuance of additional equity capital. As a BDC, we generally are not able to issue or sell our Common Shares at a price below NAV per share. If our Common Shares trade at a discount to our NAV per share, this restriction could adversely affect our ability to raise equity capital. We may, however, sell our Common Shares, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our Common Shares, at a price below our NAV per share if the Board and Independent Trustees determine that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our shareholders, and our shareholders approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of the Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any underwriting commission or discount). If we raise additional funds by issuing more shares of our Common Shares, or if we issue senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our Common Shares, the percentage ownership of our shareholders may decline and you may experience dilution.
Our business model in the future may depend to an extent upon our referral relationships and the inability of the investment professionals of the Adviser to maintain or develop these relationships, or the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business strategy.
If the investment professionals of the Adviser fail to maintain existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sponsors or sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the investment professionals of the Adviser have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that any relationships they currently or may in the future have will generate investment opportunities for us.
Our Board may change our investment objective, operating policies and strategies without prior notice or shareholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse to your interests as shareholders.
Our Board has the authority, except as otherwise provided in the 1940 Act, to modify or waive certain of our operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without shareholder approval. As a result, our Board may be able to change our investment policies and objectives without any input from our shareholders. However, absent shareholder approval, we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our
 
election as, a BDC. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies and strategies would have on our business and operating results. Nevertheless, any such changes could adversely affect our business and impair our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
We will be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on all of our income if we are unable to maintain tax treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.
Although we elected to qualify annually as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, no assurance can be given that we will be able to obtain or maintain our RIC tax treatment. To maintain RIC tax treatment and be relieved of U.S. federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to our shareholders, we must meet the annual distribution,
source-of-income
and asset diversification requirements described below.
 
   
The annual distribution requirement will be satisfied if we distribute dividends to our shareholders during the taxable year equal to at least 90.0% of our investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code, but determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) plus 90.0% of our net interest income excludable under Section 103(a) of the Code, if any. Because we use debt financing, we would be subject to an asset coverage ratio requirement under the 1940 Act, and we may be subject to certain financial covenants contained in debt financing agreements (as applicable). This asset coverage ratio requirement and these financial covenants could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions to our shareholders, which distributions are necessary for us to satisfy the annual distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources and thus are unable to make sufficient distributions to our shareholders, we could fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and thus become subject to U.S. corporate-level federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes).
 
   
The
source-of-income
requirement will be satisfied if at least 90.0% of our allocable share of gross income for each taxable year is derived from dividends, interest payments with respect to loans of certain securities, gains from the sale of stock or other securities, net income from certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships” or other income derived with respect to our business of investing in such stock or securities.
 
   
The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. To satisfy this requirement, at least 50.0% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other such securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5.0% of the value of our assets or more than 10.0% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; and no more than 25.0% of the value of our assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by it and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships”. Failure to meet these requirements may result in us having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of our RIC status. Because most of our investments are intended to be in private companies, and therefore may be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses.
If we fail to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC for any reason, and we do not qualify for certain relief provisions under the Code, we would be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes). In this event, the resulting taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.
 
We may not be able to pay you distributions on our Common Shares, our distributions to you may not grow over time and a portion of our distributions to you may be a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We intend to pay monthly distributions to our shareholders out of assets legally available for distribution. Such monthly distributions will generally consist of cash or cash equivalents, except that we may make distributions of assets in kind with the prior consent of each receiving shareholder. We cannot assure you that we will continue to achieve investment results or maintain a tax status that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or
year-to-year
increases in cash distributions. If we are unable to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC, our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders could be limited. All distributions are paid at the discretion of the Board and depend on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of our RIC status, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant from time to time. The distributions that we pay to our shareholders in a year may exceed our taxable income for that year and, accordingly, a portion of such distributions may constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, a return of capital distribution occurs when a fund returns a portion of an investor’s original investment, and it often occurs when a fund makes a distribution larger than it generates in income.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we include in our taxable income our allocable share of certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount (“OID”) or accruals on a contingent payment debt instrument, which may occur if we receive warrants in connection with the origination of a loan (among other circumstances) or contracted PIK interest and dividends, which generally represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term. Our allocable share of such OID and PIK interest is included in our taxable income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We may also be required to include in our taxable income our allocable share of certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash.
Because in certain cases we may recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty making distributions to our shareholders that will be sufficient to enable us to meet the annual distribution requirement necessary for us to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. Accordingly, we may need to sell some of our assets at times and/or at prices that we would not consider advantageous. We may need to raise additional equity or debt capital, or we may need to forego new investment opportunities or otherwise take actions that are disadvantageous to our business (or be unable to take actions that are advantageous to our business) to enable us to make distributions to our shareholders that will be sufficient to enable us to meet the annual distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources to enable us to meet the annual distribution requirement, we may fail to qualify for the U.S. federal income tax benefits allowable to RICs and, thus, become subject to a corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes).
If we are not treated as a “publicly offered regulated investment company,” as defined in the Code, U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates will be taxed as though they received a distribution of some of our expenses.
Unless and until we are treated as a “publicly offered regulated investment company” (within the meaning of Section 67 of the Code) as a result of either (i) our Common Shares being held by at least 500 persons at all times during a taxable year, (ii) our Common Shares being continuously offered pursuant to a public offering (within the meaning of section 4 of the Securities Act) or (iii) our Common Shares being treated as regularly traded on an established securities market, for purposes of computing the taxable income of U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates, (1) our earnings will be computed without taking into account such U.S. shareholders’ allocable Common Shares of the management and incentive fees paid to the Adviser and
 
certain of our other expenses, (2) each such U.S. shareholder will be treated as having received or accrued a distribution from us in the amount of such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses for such taxable year, (3) each such U.S. shareholder will be treated as having paid or incurred such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses for the calendar year and (4) each such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses will be treated as miscellaneous itemized deductions by such U.S. shareholder. For taxable years beginning before 2026, miscellaneous itemized deductions generally are not deductible by a U.S. shareholder that is an individual, trust or estate. For taxable years beginning in 2026 or later, miscellaneous itemized deductions generally are deductible by a U.S. shareholder that is an individual, trust or estate only to the extent that the aggregate of such U.S. shareholder’s miscellaneous itemized deductions exceeds 2% of such U.S. shareholder’s adjusted gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are not deductible for purposes of the alternative minimum tax and are subject to the overall limitation on itemized deductions under Section 68 of the Code.
Risks Arising from Potential Controlled Group Liability.
Under certain circumstances it could be possible for the Fund, along with its affiliates, to obtain a controlling interest (i.e., 80% or more) in certain portfolio companies. This could occur, for example, in connection with a work out of the portfolio company’s debt obligations or a restructuring of the portfolio company’s capital structure. Based on federal court decisions, there is a risk that the Fund (along with its affiliates) could be treated as engaged in a “trade or business” for purposes of ERISA’s controlled group rules. In such an event, the Fund could be jointly and severally liable for a portfolio company’s liabilities with respect to the underfunding of any pension plans which such portfolio company sponsors or to which it contributes. If the portfolio company were not able to satisfy those liabilities, they could become the responsibility of the Fund, causing it to incur potentially significant, unexpected liabilities for which reserves were not established.
Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
Changes in the laws or regulations or the interpretations of the laws and regulations that govern BDCs, RICs or
non-depository
commercial lenders could significantly affect our operations and our cost of doing business. Our portfolio companies are subject to U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations. New legislation may be enacted or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, including with respect to the types of investments we are permitted to make, and your interests as shareholders potentially with retroactive effect. In addition, any changes to the laws and regulations governing our operations relating to permitted investments may cause us to alter our investment strategy in order to make available to ourselves new or different opportunities. These changes could result in material changes to our strategies which may result in our investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of the Adviser to other types of investments in which the Adviser may have less expertise or little or no experience. Any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and, consequently, the value of your investment in us.
Over the last several years, there has been an increase in regulatory attention to the extension of credit outside of the traditional banking sector, raising the possibility that some portion of the
non-bank
financial sector will be subject to new regulation. While it cannot be known at this time whether these regulations will be implemented or what form they will take, increased regulation of
non-bank
credit extension could negatively impact our operations, cash flows or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, intensify the regulatory supervision of us or otherwise adversely affect our business.
We cannot predict how tax reform legislation will affect us, our investments, or our shareholders, and any such legislation could adversely affect our business.
Legislative or other actions relating to taxes could have a negative effect on us. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by
 
the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. New legislation and any U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting such legislation could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to us and our shareholders of such qualification, or could have other adverse consequences. Shareholders are urged to consult with their tax advisor regarding tax legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our securities.
Our business and operations could be negatively affected if we become subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, which could cause us to incur significant expense and hinder execution of investment strategy.
Shareholder activism, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing in the BDC space recently. While we are currently not subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, we may in the future become the target of securities litigation or shareholder activism. Securities litigation and shareholder activism, including potential proxy contests, could result in substantial costs and divert the attention of our management and Board and resources from our business. Additionally, such securities litigation and shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with service providers and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant legal fees and other expenses related to any securities litigation or activist shareholder matters.
Internal and external cyber threats, disease pandemics, as well as other disasters, could impair our ability to conduct business effectively.
The occurrence of a disaster, such as a cyber-attack against us or against a third-party that has access to our data or networks, a natural catastrophe, an industrial accident, disease pandemics, failure of our disaster recovery systems, or consequential employee error, could have an adverse effect on our ability to communicate or conduct business, negatively impacting our operations and financial condition. This adverse effect can become particularly acute if those events affect our electronic data processing, transmission, storage, and retrieval systems, or impact the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of our data.
We depend heavily upon computer systems to perform necessary business functions. We depend on the effectiveness of the information and cybersecurity policies, procedures and capabilities maintained by our affiliates and our and their respective third-party services providers to protect their computer and telecommunications systems and the data that reside on or are transmitted through them. Despite our implementation of a variety of security measures, our computer systems, networks, and data, like those of other companies, could be subject to cyber-attacks and unauthorized access, use, alteration, or destruction, such as from physical and electronic
break-ins
or unauthorized tampering. If one or more of these events occurs, it could potentially jeopardize the confidential, proprietary, and other information processed, stored in, and transmitted through our computer systems and networks. Cyber-attacks that do not have a security impact may nonetheless cause harm, such as causing
denial-of-service
attacks (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users) on websites, servers or other online systems. Cyber-attacks could cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations, which could result in financial losses, litigation, regulatory penalties, client dissatisfaction or loss, reputational damage, and increased costs associated with mitigation of damages and remediation.
If unauthorized parties gain access to such information and technology systems, they may be able to steal, publish, delete or modify private and sensitive information, including nonpublic personal information related to shareholders (and their beneficial owners) and material nonpublic information. The systems we have implemented to manage risks relating to these types of events could prove to be inadequate and, if compromised, could become inoperable for extended periods of time, cease to function properly or fail to adequately secure private information. Breaches such as those involving covertly introduced malware, impersonation of authorized
 
users and industrial or other espionage may not be identified even with sophisticated prevention and detection systems, potentially resulting in further harm and preventing them from being addressed appropriately. The failure of these systems or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in our and our Adviser’s operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to shareholders, material nonpublic information and other sensitive information in our possession.
A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our business, including a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, or directly affecting our headquarters, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Our disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm that may result from such a disaster or disruption. In addition, insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses, if at all.
Third parties with which we do business may also be sources of cybersecurity or other technological risk. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the storage and processing of our information, as well as client, counterparty, employee, and borrower information. While we engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure, destruction, or other cybersecurity incident that affects our data, resulting in increased costs and other consequences as described above. There is no assurance that any efforts to mitigate cybersecurity risks undertaken by us, our affiliates, or our or their respective third-party service providers will be effective.
The Fund is Subject to Risks Arising from Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest.
Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and natural persons who are associated persons of a broker-dealer when recommending to a retail customer any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. Regulation Best Interest imposes a duty of care for broker-dealers to evaluate reasonably available alternatives in the best interests of their clients. There are likely alternatives to us that are reasonably available to you, through your broker or otherwise, and those alternatives may be less costly or have a lower investment risk. Among other alternatives, listed BDCs may be reasonable alternatives to an investment in our Common Shares, and may feature characteristics like lower cost, less complexity, and lesser or different risks. Investments in listed securities also often involve nominal or zero commissions at the time of initial purchase. The impact of Regulation Best Interest on broker-dealers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time, but it may negatively impact whether broker-dealers and their associated persons recommend this offering to retail customers. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it would harm our ability to create a diversified portfolio of investments and achieve our investment objective and would result in our fixed operating costs representing a larger percentage of our gross income.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR INVESTMENTS
Investment risks generally.
An investment in the Fund involves a high degree of risk, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost. Any losses of the Fund will be borne solely by the shareholders. The Fund will invest in portfolio companies using strategies and investment techniques with significant risk characteristics, including risks arising from the volatility of global financial markets, the risks of leverage, the potential illiquidity of portfolio investments and portfolio company default risks. No guarantee or representation is made that the Fund’s investment program will be successful, that the Fund will achieve its targeted returns, or that there will be any return of capital invested to shareholders.
 
Senior Secured Loans and Senior Secured Bonds.
There is a risk that any collateral pledged by portfolio companies in which we take a security interest may decrease in value over time or lose its entire value, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. Such risks have become more pronounced due to rising interest rates and market volatility. To the extent our debt investment is collateralized by the securities of a portfolio company’s subsidiaries, such securities may lose some or all of their value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the portfolio company. Also, in some circumstances, our security interest may be contractually or structurally subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the debt. Secured debt that is under-collateralized involves a greater risk of loss. In addition, second lien debt is granted a second priority security interest in collateral, which means that any realization of collateral will generally be applied to pay senior secured debt in full before second lien debt is paid. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
Unitranche Debt.
The Fund may also invest in unitranche debt, which is an instrument that combines senior secured debt and subordinated debt into a single debt instrument. Unitranche loans generally allow the borrower to make a large lump sum payment of principal at the end of the loan term, and there is a heightened risk of loss if the borrower is unable to pay the lump sum or refinance the amount owed at maturity. In addition, because unitranche loans are a newer form of debt instrument and they have not been fully evaluated through a credit cycle, they may subject the Fund to risks that cannot be fully identified at this time. Further, the complex terms of unitranche debt have not yet been widely tested in bankruptcy and workout situations. As a result, default and loss expectations are more difficult to estimate with respect to unitranche debt as compared to other forms of debt instruments such as senior loans and subordinated debt instruments. In particular, in a bankruptcy proceeding involving a unitranche loan, there is a risk that the entire unitranche loan will be viewed as a single secured claim. If the collateral is insufficient to secure the entire unitranche loan, it may be deemed as an unsecured claim in its entirety. The untested nature of unitranche loan arrangements also exposes the Fund to a heightened risk of litigation among the lender group in the event of bankruptcy.
Unfunded Loans.
The Fund’s investments may be comprised of loan commitments that are unfunded at the time of investment. A loan commitment is a written agreement in which the lender commits itself to make a loan or loans up to a specified amount within a specified time period. The loan commitment sets out the terms and conditions of the lender’s obligation to make the loans. The portion of the amount committed by a lender under a loan commitment that the borrower has not drawn down is referred to as “unfunded.” A lender typically is obligated to advance the unfunded amount of a loan commitment at the borrower’s request, subject to certain conditions regarding the creditworthiness of the borrower. Borrowers with deteriorating creditworthiness may continue to satisfy their contractual conditions and therefore be eligible to borrow at times when the lender might prefer not to lend. In addition, a lender may have assumptions as to when a company in which the Fund invests may draw on an unfunded loan commitment when the lender enters into the commitment. If the borrower does not draw as expected, the commitment may not prove as attractive an investment as originally anticipated. Further, any failure to advance requested funds to a company in which the Fund invests could result in possible assertions of offsets against amounts previously lent.
 
Loan Syndication Risk.
The Fund may originate loans with the intention of selling a portion of the Fund’s interests in such loans to
co-investors
and/or third parties. In the event that the Fund does not or is unable to syndicate a loan or loans, the Fund may be forced to retain larger amounts of such loan or loans than originally intended. In such event, the Fund’s investment portfolio could become significantly concentrated in a particular loan or loans. In addition, the Adviser may receive fees as a result of the loan syndication. Unlike other fees described herein, which might be shared with the Fund through reductions or offsets against the Management Fees, syndication fees are retained by the Adviser.
The Fund has formed AMG Comvest Senior Lending Blocker MF SPV, LLC (“Subsidiary I”), Subsidiary II, and AMG Comvest SLF California, LLC (“Subsidiary III”), each a wholly-owned subsidiary (each of Subsidiary I, Subsidiary II, and Subsidiary III, a “Subsidiary,” and together with any additional wholly-owned and/or controlled (as defined in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act) subsidiaries, the “Subsidiaries”). The Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing investment policies (Section 8) on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiaries. The Fund also complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing capital structure and leverage (Section 18) in respect of each Subsidiary (i.e., any borrowings of Subsidiary II are considered borrowings of the Fund for purposes of complying with the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act) and will comply with such requirements in respect of any newly formed Subsidiary on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiaries so that the Fund treats the Subsidiaries’ debt as its own for purposes of Section 18. In addition, any such Subsidiary complies (or will comply) with the 1940 Act provisions related to affiliated transactions and custody (Section 17). Any investment adviser to the Subsidiaries complies (or will comply) with provisions of the 1940 Act relating to investment advisory contracts (Section 15) as if it were an investment adviser to the Fund under Section 2(a)(20) of the 1940 Act.
Subordinated Debt.
Our subordinated debt investments will generally rank junior in priority of payment to senior debt and will generally be unsecured. This may result in a heightened level of risk and volatility or a loss of principal, which could lead to the loss of the entire investment. These investments may involve additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns. To the extent interest payments associated with such debt are deferred, such debt may be subject to greater fluctuations in valuations, and such debt could subject us and our shareholders to
non-cash
income. Because we will not receive any principal repayments prior to the maturity of some of our subordinated debt investments, such investments will be of greater risk than amortizing loans.
Equity Investments.
We may make select equity investments. In addition, in connection with our debt investments, we on occasion may receive equity interests such as warrants or options as additional consideration. The equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Preferred Securities.
Investments in preferred securities involve certain risks. Certain preferred securities contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distribution, the Fund may be required to include the amount of the deferred distribution in its taxable income for tax purposes although it does not currently receive such amount in cash. In order to receive the special treatment accorded to RICs and their shareholders under the Code and to avoid U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes at the Fund level, the Fund may be required to distribute this income to shareholders in the tax year in which the income is recognized (without a corresponding receipt of cash). Therefore, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution in any such tax year an amount greater than the total amount of cash income the Fund actually received, and to sell portfolio securities, including at potentially disadvantageous times
 
or prices, to obtain cash needed for these income distributions. Preferred securities often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuer’s call. In the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Preferred securities may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common stocks, corporate debt securities and U.S. government securities.
Non-U.S. Securities.
We may invest in
non-U.S. securities,
which may include securities denominated in U.S. dollars or in
non-U.S. currencies,
to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Because evidence of ownership of such securities usually is held outside the United States, we would be subject to additional risks if we invested in
non-U.S. securities,
which include possible adverse political and economic developments, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits and adoption of governmental restrictions, which might adversely affect or restrict the payment of principal and interest on the
non-U.S. securities
to shareholders located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Because
non-U.S. securities
may be purchased with and payable in foreign currencies, the value of these assets as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected unfavorably by changes in currency rates and exchange control regulations.
Loans Risk.
The loans that the Fund may invest in include loans that are first lien, second lien, third lien or that are unsecured. In addition, the loans the Fund will invest in will usually be rated below investment grade or may also be unrated. Loans are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in herein, including credit risk, liquidity risk, below investment grade instruments risk and management risk.
Although certain loans in which the Fund may invest will be secured by collateral, there can be no assurance that such collateral could be readily liquidated or that the liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of
non-payment
of scheduled interest or principal. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a loan. In the event of a decline in the value of the already pledged collateral, if the terms of a loan do not require the borrower to pledge additional collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the value of the collateral will not at all times equal or exceed the amount of the borrower’s obligations under the loans. To the extent that a loan is collateralized by stock in the borrower or its subsidiaries, such stock may lose some or all of its value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the borrower. Those loans that are under-collateralized involve a greater risk of loss.
Further, there is a risk that any collateral pledged by portfolio companies in which the Fund has taken a security interest may decrease in value over time or lose its entire value, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. To the extent the Fund’s debt investment is collateralized by the securities of a portfolio company’s subsidiaries, such securities may lose some or all of their value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the portfolio company. Also, in some circumstances, the Fund’s security interest may be contractually or structurally subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the debt. Secured debt that is under-collateralized involves a greater risk of loss. In addition, second lien debt is granted a second priority security interest in collateral, which means that any realization of collateral will generally be applied to pay senior secured debt in full before second lien debt is paid. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that the Fund will receive principal and interest
 
payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that the Fund will be able to collect on the debt should it be forced to enforce remedies.
Loans are not registered with the SEC, or any state securities commission, and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act or registered under the Exchange Act. No active trading market may exist for some loans, and some loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of its loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely-traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of loans, the Fund’s yield may be lower.
Some loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could subordinate the loans to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower or take other action detrimental to lenders, including the Fund. Such court action could under certain circumstances include invalidation of loans.
If legislation of state or federal regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of loans for investment by the Fund may be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain borrowers. This would increase the risk of default.
If legislation or federal or state regulations require financial institutions to increase their capital requirements this may cause financial institutions to dispose of loans that are considered highly levered transactions. Such sales could result in prices that, in the opinion of the Adviser, do not represent fair value. If the Fund attempts to sell a loan at a time when a financial institution is engaging in such a sale, the price the Fund could get for the loan may be adversely affected.
The Fund may acquire loans through assignments or participations. The Fund will typically acquire loans through assignment. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the purchaser’s rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution, and the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral.
A participation typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution selling the participation interest, not with the borrower. Sellers of participations typically include banks, broker-dealers, other financial institutions and lending institutions. Certain participation agreements also include the option to convert the participation to a full assignment under agreed upon circumstances.
In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation. Further, in purchasing participations in lending syndicates, the Fund will not be able to conduct the due diligence on the borrower or the quality of the loan with respect to which it is buying a participation that the Fund would otherwise conduct if it were investing directly in the loan, which may result in the Fund being exposed to greater credit or fraud risk with respect to the borrower or the loan than the Fund expected when initially purchasing the participation.
 
The Fund also may originate loans or acquire loans by participating in the initial issuance of the loan as part of a syndicate of banks and financial institutions, or receive its interest in a loan directly from the borrower.
Junior, Unsecured Securities.
Our strategy may entail acquiring securities that are junior or unsecured instruments. While this approach can facilitate obtaining control and then adding value through active management, it also means that certain of the Fund’s investments may be unsecured. If a portfolio company becomes financially distressed or insolvent and does not successfully reorganize, we will have no assurance (compared to those distressed securities investors that acquire only fully collateralized positions) that we will recover any of the principal that we have invested. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should it be forced to enforce its remedies.
While such junior or unsecured investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking more senior to such investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, our ability to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under typical subordination terms, senior creditors are able to block the acceleration of the junior debt or the exercise by junior debt holders of other rights they may have as creditors. Accordingly, we may not be able to take steps to protect investments in a timely manner or at all, and there can be no assurance that our rate of return objectives or any particular investment will be achieved. In addition, the debt securities in which we will invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and are not expected to be rated by a credit rating agency.
Early repayments of our investments may have a material adverse effect on our investment objectives. In addition, depending on fluctuations of the equity markets and other factors, warrants and other equity investments may become worthless.
There can be no assurance that attempts to provide downside protection through contractual or structural terms with respect to our investments will achieve their desired effect and potential investors should regard an investment in us as being speculative and having a high degree of risk. Furthermore, we have limited flexibility to negotiate terms when purchasing newly issued investments in connection with a syndication of mezzanine or certain other junior or subordinated investments or in the secondary market.
Mezzanine Loans.
Our mezzanine debt securities generally will have ratings or implied or imputed ratings below investment grade. They will be obligations of corporations, partnerships or other entities that are generally unsecured, typically are subordinated to other obligations of the obligor and generally have greater credit and liquidity risk than is typically associated with investment grade corporate obligations. Accordingly, the risks associated with mezzanine debt securities include a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including a sustained period of rising interest rates or an economic downturn) may adversely affect the obligor’s ability to pay principal and interest on its debt. Many obligors on mezzanine debt securities are highly leveraged, and specific developments affecting such obligors, including reduced cash flow from operations or the inability to refinance debt at maturity, may also adversely affect such obligors’ ability to meet debt service obligations. Mezzanine debt securities are often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations, in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. Default rates for mezzanine debt securities have historically been higher than has been the case for investment grade securities.
 
A portion of the loans in which we may invest may be covenant-lite loans.
We may invest in, or obtain exposure to, obligations that may be “covenant-lite,” which means such obligations lack certain financial maintenance covenants. While these loans may still contain other collateral protections, a covenant-lite loan may carry more risk than a covenant-heavy loan made by the same borrower, as it does not require the borrower to provide affirmation that certain specific financial tests have been satisfied on a routine basis as is required under a covenant-heavy loan agreement. Should a loan we hold begin to deteriorate in quality, our ability to negotiate with the borrower may be delayed under a covenant-lite loan compared to a loan with full maintenance covenants. This may in turn delay our ability to seek to recover its investment.
Bridge Financings.
From time to time, we may lend to portfolio companies on a short-term, unsecured basis or otherwise invest on an interim basis in portfolio companies in anticipation of a future issuance of equity or long-term debt securities or other refinancing or syndication. Such bridge loans would typically be convertible into a more permanent, long-term security; however, for reasons not always in the Fund’s control, such long-term securities issuance or other refinancing or syndication may not occur and such bridge loans and interim investments may remain outstanding. In such event, the interest rate on such loans or the terms of such interim investments may not adequately reflect the risk associated with the position taken by the Fund.
Restructurings.
Investments in companies in workouts or bankruptcies present additional legal risks, including fraudulent conveyance, voidable preference and equitable subordination risks. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. There is no assurance that we will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing our loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action.
Breach of Covenant.
The Fund will generally seek to obtain structural, covenant and other contractual protections with respect to the terms of its investments as determined appropriate under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that such attempts to provide downside protection with respect to its investments will achieve their desired effect and potential investors should regard an investment in the Fund as being speculative and having a high degree of risk.
Our investments in portfolio companies may be risky, and we could lose all or part of any of our investments.
Investments in middle market businesses are highly speculative and involve a high degree of risk of credit loss. These risks are likely to increase during volatile economic periods, such as the U.S. and many other economies have recently experienced. Among other things, these companies:
 
   
may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt instruments that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees from subsidiaries or affiliates of our portfolio companies that we may have obtained in connection with our investment, as well as a corresponding decrease in the value of any equity components of our investments;
 
   
may have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines, smaller market shares and/or more significant customer concentrations than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;
 
   
are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us;
 
   
generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence;
 
   
may be targets of cybersecurity or other technological risks;
 
   
may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position; and
 
   
generally have less publicly available information about their businesses, operations and financial condition.
In addition, in the course of providing significant managerial assistance to certain of our eligible portfolio companies, certain of our officers and Trustees may serve as directors on the boards of such companies, to the extent permitted under applicable law. We will be entitled to any fees payable by any of our portfolio companies for the services of our officers or Trustees as directors thereof. To the extent that litigation arises out of our investments in these companies, our officers and Trustees may be named as defendants in such litigation, which could result in an expenditure of funds (through our indemnification of such officers and Trustees) and the diversion of management time and resources.
Our investment strategy, which is focused primarily on privately held companies, presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies.
We invest primarily in privately held companies. There is generally little public information about these companies, and, as a result, we must rely on the ability of the Adviser to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from, and risks related to, investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments. Also, privately held companies frequently have less diverse product lines and smaller market presence than larger competitors. They are, thus, generally more vulnerable to economic downturns and may experience substantial variations in operating results. These factors could adversely affect our investment returns.
Our investments in securities rated below investment grade are speculative in nature and are subject to additional risk factors such as increased possibility of default, illiquidity of the security, and changes in value based on changes in interest rates.
Our investments are almost entirely rated below investment grade or may be unrated, which are often referred to as “leveraged loans”, “high yield” or “junk” securities, and may be considered “high risk” compared to debt instruments that are rated investment grade. High yield securities are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations and involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. In addition, high yield securities generally offer a higher current yield than that available from higher grade issues, but typically involve greater risk. These securities are especially sensitive to adverse changes in general economic conditions, to changes in the financial condition of their issuers and to price fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates.
During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, issuers of below investment grade instruments may experience financial stress that could adversely affect their ability to make payments of principal and interest and increase the possibility of default.
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries, which may subject us to a risk of significant loss if there is a downturn in a particular industry in which a number of our investments are concentrated.
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries. A downturn in any particular industry in which we are invested could significantly impact the portfolio companies operating in that industry, and accordingly, the aggregate returns that we realize from our investment in such portfolio companies.
 
Specifically, companies in the business services industry are subject to general economic downturns and business cycles, and will often suffer reduced revenues and rate pressures during periods of economic uncertainty. In addition, companies in the software industry often have narrow product lines and small market shares. Because of rapid technological change, the average selling prices of products and some services provided by software companies have historically decreased over their productive lives. As a result, the average selling prices of products and services offered by software companies in which we invest may decrease over time. If an industry in which we have significant investments suffers from adverse business or economic conditions, as these industries have to varying degrees, a material portion of our investment portfolio could be affected adversely, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
Defaults by our portfolio companies may harm our operating results.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that we hold.
We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company. In addition, lenders in certain cases can be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by them when they become too involved in the borrower’s business or exercise control over a borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lender’s liability claim, including as a result of actions taken if we render significant managerial assistance to the borrower. Furthermore, if one of our portfolio companies were to file for bankruptcy protection, even though we may have structured our investment as senior secured debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might
re-characterize
our debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to claims of other creditors.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
We invest, and will continue to invest, in companies whose securities are not publicly traded and whose securities will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired. In addition, if we are required or otherwise choose to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments. Our investments are usually subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid because there is usually no established trading market for such investments. Because most of our investments are illiquid, we may be unable to dispose of them in which case we could fail to qualify as a RIC and/or a BDC, or we may be unable to do so at a favorable price, and, as a result, we may suffer losses.
Price declines and illiquidity in the corporate debt markets may adversely affect the fair value of our portfolio investments, reducing our NAV through increased net unrealized losses.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board. For purposes of the 1940 Act, the Board has designated the Adviser as the Fund’s “valuation designee” under
Rule 2a-5
under the 1940 Act. The Board provides oversight of the Adviser’s fair value determinations of the Fund’s portfolio investments on a monthly basis in good faith, including investments that are not publicly traded and those whose market prices are not readily available. As part of the valuation process, the Adviser may take into account the following types of factors, if relevant, in determining the fair value of our investments:
 
   
a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to publicly traded securities;
 
   
the enterprise value of a portfolio company;
 
   
the nature and realizable value of any collateral;
 
   
the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flow;
 
   
the markets in which the portfolio company does business; and
 
   
changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets generally that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made in the future and other relevant factors.
When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent sale occurs, we will use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate our valuation. We will record decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments as unrealized loss. Declines in prices and liquidity in the corporate debt markets may result in significant net unrealized losses in our portfolio. The effect of all of these factors on our portfolio may reduce our NAV by increasing net unrealized loss in our portfolio. Depending on market conditions, we could incur substantial realized losses and may suffer additional unrealized losses in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If we are unable to make
follow-on
investments in our portfolio companies, the value of our investment portfolio could be adversely affected.
Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as
“follow-on”
investments, in order to (i) increase or maintain in whole or in part our equity ownership percentage, (ii) exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing or (iii) attempt to preserve or enhance the value of our investment. We may elect not to make
follow-on
investments or may otherwise lack sufficient funds to make these investments. We have the discretion to make
follow-on
investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. If we fail to make
follow-on
investments, the continued viability of a portfolio company and our investment may, in some circumstances, be jeopardized and we could miss an opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired
follow-on
investment, we may elect not to make a
follow-on
investment because we may not want to increase our concentration of risk, either because we prefer other opportunities or because we are subject to BDC requirements that would prevent such
follow-on
investments or such
follow-on
investments would adversely impact our ability to maintain our RIC status.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
We can invest in portfolio companies at all levels of the capital structure. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt in which we invest.
By their terms, these debt instruments may entitle the holders to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. In addition, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution. After repaying the senior creditors, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
The disposition of our investments may result in contingent liabilities.
Most of our investments involve private securities. In connection with the disposition of an investment in private securities, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of the
 
portfolio company typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations turn out to be inaccurate or with respect to certain potential liabilities. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities that ultimately yield funding obligations that must be satisfied through our return of certain distributions previously made to us.
There may be circumstances where our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
Even though we may have structured certain of our investments as senior loans, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might
re-characterize
our debt investment and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors. We may also be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by us with respect to a borrower’s business or instances where we exercise control over the borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lender’s liability claim, including as a result of actions taken in rendering significant managerial assistance.
We may enter into repurchase agreements or reverse repurchase agreements.
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we may invest in repurchase agreements as a buyer for investment purposes. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by us of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that we will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future for the purchase price plus premium (which often reflects the interests). We do not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, we could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (1) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which we seek to enforce its rights thereto; (2) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (3) expenses of enforcing its rights. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, we generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of our right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, we could suffer a loss.
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we invest in repurchase agreements as a seller, also known as a “reverse repurchase agreement.” Our use of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks involved in our use of leverage, as the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements generally will be invested in additional portfolio investments. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired in the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities that we have sold but remains obligated to repurchase. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experiences insolvency, we may be adversely affected. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, we would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the underlying securities. In addition, due to the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions, our NAV will decline, and, in some cases, we may be worse off than if we had not used such instruments.
We generally do not control our portfolio companies.
We generally do not control most of our portfolio companies, even though we may have board representation or board observation rights, and our debt agreements may contain certain restrictive covenants that limit the business and operations of our portfolio companies. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio
 
company may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity of the investments that we typically hold in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event that we disagree with the actions of a portfolio company as readily as we would otherwise like to or at favorable prices which could decrease the value of our investments.
Economic recessions, downturns or government spending cuts could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
Many of our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay its debt investments during these periods. Therefore, our
non-performing
assets are likely to increase, and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our debt investments and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
Inflation could adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of our portfolio companies.
Certain of our portfolio companies are in industries that could be impacted by inflation. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs of operations along to their customers, it could adversely affect their operating results and impact their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans, particularly if interest rates rise in response to inflation. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future realized or unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations.
We may invest in derivatives or other assets that expose us to certain risks, including market risk, liquidity risk and other risks similar to those associated with the use of leverage.
The Fund may invest in derivatives and other assets that are subject to many of the same types of risks related to the use of leverage. In October 2020, the SEC adopted Rule
18f-4
under the 1940 Act regarding the ability of a BDC to use derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations. Under Rule
18f-4,
BDCs that use derivatives are subject to a
value-at-risk
leverage limit, a derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These requirements apply unless the BDC qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined under Rule
18f-4.
Under Rule
18f-4,
a BDC may enter into an unfunded commitment agreement (which may include delayed draw and revolving loans) that will not be deemed to be a derivatives transaction, such as an agreement to provide financing to a portfolio company, if the BDC has, among other things, a reasonable belief, at the time it enters into such an agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as it becomes due. Collectively, these requirements may limit the Fund’s ability to use derivatives and/or enter into certain other financial contracts.
The Fund has adopted updated policies and procedures in compliance with Rule
18f-4.
The Fund expects to qualify as a “limited derivatives user.” Future legislation or rules may modify how the Fund treats derivatives and other financial arrangements for purposes of the Fund’s compliance with the leverage limitations of the 1940 Act. Future legislation or rules may modify how leverage is calculated under the 1940 Act and, therefore, may increase or decrease the amount of leverage currently available to the Fund under the 1940 Act, which may be materially adverse to the Fund and the Fund’s investors.
 
Risks associated with leverage.
The Fund may make use of leverage by incurring debt to finance a portion of its investment in a given portfolio company. Leverage generally magnifies both the Fund’s opportunities for gain and its risk of loss with regard to the Fund’s portfolio of investments. The cost and availability of leverage are highly dependent on the state of the broader credit markets (and such credit markets may be impacted by regulatory restrictions and guidelines), which state is difficult to accurately forecast, and at times it may be difficult to obtain or maintain the desired degree of leverage. The use of leverage will also result in interest expense and other costs to the Fund that may not be covered by distributions made to the Fund or appreciation of its investments. In a down market, leverage is likely to accelerate and magnify declines in the value of the Fund’s investments. The use of leverage exposes the Fund to additional risk including (i) greater losses from investments than would otherwise have been the case had the Fund not used leverage to make the investments; (ii) collateral requirements that may force premature liquidations of investment positions; and (iii) losses on investments where the investment fails to earn a return that equals or exceeds the Fund’s cost of leverage related to such investment. In the event of a sudden drop in value of the Fund’s assets, the Fund might not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to repay its borrowings, further magnifying the losses incurred by the Fund. The Fund may also borrow money or guarantee indebtedness (such as a guarantee of a portfolio company’s debt). In addition, to the extent the Fund incurs leverage, such amounts may be secured by the Fund’s aggregated committed capital. The terms of any debt incurred by the Fund may require that the lender be repaid on a priority basis prior to any distributions by the Fund. In addition, lenders to the Fund may have a security interest in the assets of the Fund. Any such lender may also hold liens granted by the Fund on its assets. In the event of an unremedied default by the Fund under any such arrangement, a lender may have the right to receive and take possession of, and then to liquidate, its pro rata interest of each asset of the Fund.
We may be subject to additional risks if we invest in foreign securities and/or engage in hedging transactions.
The 1940 Act generally requires that 70.0% of our investments be in issuers each of whom is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands or any other possession of the United States. Our investment strategy does not presently contemplate significant investments in securities of
non-U.S. companies.
However, we may desire to make such investments, to the extent that such transactions and investments are permitted under the 1940 Act. We expect that these investments would focus on the same types of investments that we make in U.S. middle market companies and accordingly would be complementary to our overall strategy and enhance the diversity of our holdings. Investing in foreign companies could expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility. Investments denominated in foreign currencies would be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but we can offer no assurance that we will, in fact, hedge currency risk, or that if we do, such strategies will be effective.
Engaging in hedging transactions would also, indirectly, entail additional risks to our shareholders. Although it is not currently anticipated that we would engage in hedging transactions as a principal investment strategy, if we determined to engage in hedging transactions, we generally would seek to hedge against fluctuations of the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in market interest rates or currency exchange rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions would not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of the positions declined.
 
However, such hedging could establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions.
These hedging transactions could also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions increased. Moreover, it might not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation that was so generally anticipated that we would not be able to enter into a hedging transaction at an acceptable price. If we choose to engage in hedging transactions, there can be no assurances that we will achieve the intended benefits of such transactions and, depending on the degree of exposure such transactions could create, such transactions may expose us to risk of loss.
While we may enter into these types of transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates could result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged could vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we might not seek to establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any imperfect correlation could prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it might not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in
non-U.S. currencies
because the value of those securities would likely fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations.
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies subject us to foreign currency risks.
We may hold or acquire assets or make borrowings denominated in other foreign currencies, which exposes us to foreign currency risk. As a result, a change in foreign currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on the valuation of our assets or liabilities, as well as our income and cash flows. As a result of foreign currency fluctuations, the value of our liabilities and expenses may increase or the value of our assets and income may decrease due to factors outside of our control, which can have a negative effect on our NAV and cash available for distribution. Any such changes in foreign currency exchange rates may impact the measurement of such assets or liabilities for purposes of maintaining RIC tax treatment or the requirements under the 1940 Act. We may seek to hedge against currency exchange rate fluctuations by using financial instruments such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, but there is no guarantee such efforts will be successful and such hedging strategies create additional costs.
Prepayment Risk.
Loans are generally prepayable in whole or in part at any time at the option of the obligor at par plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, and occasionally plus a prepayment premium. Prepayments on loans may be caused by a variety of factors which are often difficult to predict. Consequently, there exists a risk that loans purchased at a price greater than par may experience a capital loss as a result of such a prepayment. When credit market conditions become more attractive to obligors, the rate of prepayment of the Fund’s assets would be expected to increase as obligors refinance to take advantage of such improved conditions, which may negatively impact the Fund. Additionally, the Fund may be unable to reinvest any prepaid loan amounts into other similarly situated investment opportunities or at all. To the extent early prepayments increase, they may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s investment objectives and profits.
Priority of Repayment.
The characterization of an investment as senior debt or senior secured debt does not mean that such debt will necessarily have repayment priority with respect to all other obligations of a borrower. Borrowers may have, and/or may be permitted to incur, other debt and liabilities that rank equally with or senior to the senior loans in which the Fund invests. If other indebtedness is incurred that ranks in parity in right of payment or proceeds of
 
collateral with respect to senior loans in which the Fund invests, the Fund would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors in the event of a liquidation, reorganization, insolvency, dissolution or bankruptcy of such a borrower. Where the Fund holds a first lien to secure senior indebtedness, the borrowers may be permitted to issue other senior loans with liens that rank junior to the first liens granted to the Fund. The intercreditor rights of the holders of such other junior lien debt may, in any liquidation, reorganization, insolvency, dissolution or bankruptcy of such a borrower, affect the recovery that the Fund would have been able to achieve in the absence of such other debt.
Even where the senior loans held by the Fund are secured by a perfected lien over a substantial portion of the assets of a borrower and its subsidiaries, the borrower and its subsidiaries will often be able to incur a substantial amount of additional indebtedness, which may have an exclusive lien over particular assets. For example, debt and other liabilities incurred by
non-guarantor
subsidiaries of borrowers will be structurally senior to the debt held by the Fund. Accordingly, any such debt and other liabilities of such subsidiaries would, in the event of liquidation, dissolution, insolvency, reorganization or bankruptcy of such subsidiary, be repaid in full before any distributions to an obligor of the loans held by the Fund. Furthermore, these other assets over which other lenders have a lien may be substantially more liquid or valuable than the assets over which the Fund has a lien. The Fund’s investments in second-lien secured debt would further compound the risks described in this paragraph.
Enforcement Delays.
The terms of the Fund’s investments may provide that the Fund is not able to bring an enforcement action against the relevant borrower until a prescribed period after a default by that borrower has elapsed. The financial strength of the borrower may, however, continue to deteriorate during this standstill period, thereby potentially affecting the Fund’s ability to recover all (or any) of their investment.
Fraud, Misrepresentation or Omission by a Borrower.
The value of an investment made by the Fund may be affected by fraud, misrepresentation or omission on the part of the borrower to which the loan relates, by parties related to the borrower or by other parties to the loan (or related collateral and security arrangements). Such fraud, misrepresentation or omission may adversely affect the value of the collateral underlying the loan in question or may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to enforce their contractual rights under the loan or for the borrower of the loan to repay the loan or interest on it or its other debts.
Assignments.
The Fund may also purchase assignments, which are arrangements whereby a creditor assigns an interest in a loan to the Fund. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assignor of the loan and becomes a lender under the loan agreement and other operative agreements relating to the portfolio investment. Assignments are, however, arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assignor of the loan. In contrast to the rights of the Fund as an owner of a participation, as described below, the Fund, as an assignee, will generally have the right to receive directly from the obligor all payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled. In some assignments, the obligor may have the right to continue to make payments to the assignor with respect to the assigned portion of the loan. In such a case, the assignor would be obligated to receive such payments as agent for the Fund and to promptly pay over to the Fund such amounts as are received. As a purchaser of an assignment, the Fund typically will have the same voting rights as other lenders under the applicable loan agreement and will have the right to vote to waive enforcement of breaches of covenants. The Fund will also have the same rights as other lenders to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan agreement, to set off claims against the obligor and to have recourse to collateral supporting the portfolio investment. As a
 
result, the Fund may not bear the credit risk of the assignor and the insolvency of an assignor of a loan should have little effect on the ability of the Fund to continue to receive payments of principal, interest or fees from the obligor. The Fund will, however, assume the credit risk of the obligor.
Loan Participations.
The Fund may invest in loans acquired through assignment or participations. In purchasing a participation, the Fund may only have a contractual relationship with the selling institution, and not the borrower. The Fund generally will have no right directly to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of any such loan agreement, nor any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, nor will it have the right to object to certain changes to the loan agreement agreed to by the selling institution. The Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the related secured loan and may not be subject to any rights of
set-off
the borrower has against the selling institution. In the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the secured loan. Consequently, the Fund may be subject to the credit risk of the selling institution as well as of the borrower.
Warrants.
The Fund may receive warrants and, in certain circumstances, may be required to exercise such warrants in order to hold the underlying securities. The Fund would seek to negotiate “cashless” exercise for all warrants that it receives, whereby no investment will be required to convert;
however
, on occasion it may not be possible to negotiate such “cashless” exercise, and the Fund may be required to invest cash to convert warrants and hold underlying securities, which may subsequently lose some or all of their value.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) Risk.
The Fund faces increasing public scrutiny related to ESG activities. The Fund risks damage to its brand and reputation if it fails to act responsibly with respect to environmental stewardship, corporate governance and transparency and considering ESG factors in its investment processes. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG activities could impact the value of the Fund’s brand, the cost of its operations and relationships with shareholders, all of which could adversely affect the business and results of operations. Additionally, new regulatory initiatives related to ESG could adversely affect the Fund’s business.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR SECURITIES
Investing in our Common Shares may involve an above average degree of risk.
The investments we may make may result in a higher amount of risk, volatility or loss of principal than alternative investment options. These investments in portfolio companies may be highly speculative and aggressive, and therefore, an investment in our Common Shares may not be suitable for investors with lower risk tolerance.
An investment in our Common Shares will have limited liquidity.
An investment in the Fund should be viewed as illiquid and requires a long-term commitment with no certainty of return. The market value of investments will fluctuate with, among other things, changes in market rates of interest, general economic conditions, economic conditions in particular industries, the condition of financial markets and the financial condition of the obligors of the investments. In addition, the lack of an established, liquid secondary market for some investments may have an adverse effect on the market value of those investments and on our ability to dispose of them. It is uncertain as to when profits, if any, will be realized. Losses on unsuccessful investments may be realized before gains on successful investments are realized.
 
59
Our Common Shares constitute illiquid investments for which there is not, and will likely not be, a secondary market at any time prior to a public offering and listing of our Common Shares on a national securities exchange. Although we may in the future, there can be no guarantee that we will conduct a public offering and list our Common Shares on a national securities exchange. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for sophisticated investors and requires the financial ability and willingness to accept the high risks and lack of liquidity inherent in an investment in the Fund. Except in limited circumstances for legal or regulatory purposes, shareholders are not entitled to redeem their Common Shares. Shareholders must be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our Common Shares for an extended period of time.
You may not receive distributions or our distributions may decline or may not grow over time.
We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results or maintain a tax status that will allow or require any specified level of cash distributions or
year-to-year
increases in cash distributions. In particular, our future distributions are dependent upon the investment income we receive on our portfolio investments. To the extent such investment income declines, our ability to pay future distributions may be harmed.
Our Common Shares are registered under the Exchange Act and therefore shareholders may be subject to certain filing requirements.
Because our Common Shares are registered under the Exchange Act, ownership information for any person who beneficially owns more than 5% of our Common Shares will have to be disclosed in a Schedule 13G or other filings with the SEC. Beneficial ownership for these purposes is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and includes having voting or investment power over the securities. In some circumstances, our shareholders who choose to reinvest their dividends may see their percentage stake in us increased to more than 5%, thus triggering this filing requirement. Each shareholder is responsible for determining their filing obligations and preparing the filings. In addition, our shareholders who hold more than 10% of a class of our Common Shares may be subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, which recaptures for our benefit profits from the purchase and sale of registered stock within a
six-month
period.
We do not currently intend for our Common Shares to be listed on any national securities exchange.
There is currently no public market for our Common Shares, and a market for our Common Shares may never develop. Our shareholders generally may not sell, assign or transfer their Common Shares without prior written consent of the Adviser, which the Adviser may grant or withhold in its sole discretion.
Except in limited circumstances for legal or regulatory purposes, our shareholders are not entitled to redeem their Common Shares. Our shareholders must be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our Common Shares for an indefinite period of time. While we may in the future undertake to list our securities on a national securities exchange, there can be no assurance that such a listing will be successfully completed. Furthermore, an exchange listing does not ensure that an actual market will develop for a listed security.
The foregoing list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks involved in an investment in the Fund. Each prospective Fund investor should read this entire prospectus and consult with its advisors before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Fund’s investment program develops and changes over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to additional and different risk factors.
   
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]      
Capital Stock [Table Text Block]
DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON SHARES
The following description is based on relevant portions of Delaware law and on the Declaration of Trust and Bylaws. This summary is not necessarily complete, and the Fund refers investors to Delaware law and the organizational documents for a more detailed description of the provisions summarized below.
General
The terms of the Declaration of Trust authorize an unlimited number of Common Shares and an unlimited number of preferred shares. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may classify or reclassify any unissued Common Shares into one or more classes or series of Common Shares or preferred shares by setting or changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, or limitations as to dividends, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption of the shares. There is currently no market for the Common Shares, and the Fund can offer no assurances that a market for the Common Shares will develop in the future. The Fund does not intend for the Common Shares offered under this prospectus to be authorized for issuance under any equity compensation plans. Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, shareholders shall be entitled to the same limited liability extended to shareholders of private Delaware for profit corporations formed under the Delaware General Corporation Law, 8 Del. C. § 100, et. Seq. The Declaration of Trust provides that no shareholder shall be liable for any debt, claim, demand, judgment or obligation of any kind of, against or with respect to us by reason of being a shareholder, nor shall any shareholder be subject to any personal liability whatsoever, in tort, contract or otherwise, to any person in connection with the Fund’s assets or the affairs of the Fund by reason of being a shareholder. In addition, except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of any class or series of shares and as may be exercised in connection with a
roll-up
transaction, no shareholder shall be entitled to exercise appraisal rights in connection with any transaction.
Outstanding Securities
 
Title of Class
  
Amount
Authorized
    
Amount
Held by
Fund for
its
Account
    
Amount
Outstanding as of
March 31, 2025
 
Class S
     Unlimited        —         —   
Class D
     Unlimited        —         —   
Class F
     Unlimited        —         —   
Class I
     Unlimited        0        10,715,272.62  
Common Shares
Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, all Common Shares will have equal rights as to voting and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, and fully paid. Dividends and distributions may be paid to the holders of Common Shares if, as and when authorized by the Board and declared by the Fund out of funds legally available therefore. Except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of classified or reclassified Common Shares or as may otherwise be provided by contract approved by the Board, no shareholder shall have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional Common Shares of the Fund or any other security of the Fund that it may issue or sell. Shareholders of the Fund are not entitled to require the Fund to repurchase or redeem Common Shares of the Fund. In the event of the Fund’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of the Common Shares would be entitled to share pro rata in all of the Fund’s assets that are legally available for distribution after it pays all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of its preferred shares, if any preferred shares are outstanding at such time. Subject to the rights of holders of any other class or series of Common Shares, each share of Common Shares will be entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of trustees. Except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of classified or reclassified shares, and subject to the express terms of
 
any class or series of preferred shares, the holders of the Common Shares will possess exclusive voting power. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of trustees. Subject to the special rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred shares to elect trustees, each trustee will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast with respect to such trustee’s election except in the case of a “contested election” (as defined in the Fund’s Bylaws), in which case trustees will be elected by a majority of the votes cast in the contested election of trustees.
Class S shares
No upfront selling commissions are paid for sales of any Class S shares; however, if you purchase Class S shares from certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that they limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Class S shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $2,500. All subsequent purchases of Class S shares, except for those made under our Dividend Reinvestment Plan, are subject to a minimum investment size of $500 per transaction. The Managing Dealer can waive the initial or subsequent minimum investment at its discretion.
The Fund pays the Managing Dealer selling commissions over time as a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee with respect to our outstanding Class S shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class S shares, including any Class S shares issued pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan. The shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees are paid monthly in arrears. The Managing Dealer reallows (pays) all or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to participating brokers and servicing brokers for ongoing shareholder services performed by such brokers.
Class D shares
No upfront selling commissions are paid for sales of any Class D shares; however, if you purchase Class D shares from certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that they limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares. Class D shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $2,500. All subsequent purchases of Class D shares, except for those made under our Dividend Reinvestment Plan, are subject to a minimum investment size of $500 per transaction. The Managing Dealer can waive the initial or subsequent minimum investment at its discretion.
The Fund pays the Managing Dealer selling commissions over time as a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee with respect to our outstanding Class D shares equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of all our outstanding Class D shares, including any Class D shares issued pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan. The shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees are paid monthly in arrears. The Managing Dealer reallows (pays) all or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to participating brokers and servicing brokers for ongoing shareholder services performed by such brokers.
Class D shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through
fee-based
programs, also known as wrap accounts, sponsored by participating brokers or other intermediaries that provide access to Class D shares, (2) through participating brokers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class D shares, (3) through transaction/brokerage platforms at participating brokers, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) through bank trust departments or any other organization or person authorized to act in a fiduciary capacity for its clients or customers or (6) by other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus.
Class I shares
No upfront selling commissions are paid for sales of any Class I shares.
 
No shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees are paid for sales of any Class I shares. Class I shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $10,000. All subsequent purchases of Class I shares, except for those made under our Dividend Reinvestment Plan, are subject to a minimum investment size of $500 per transaction. The Managing Dealer can waive the initial or subsequent minimum investment at its discretion.
Class I shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through
fee-based
programs, also known as wrap accounts, sponsored by participating brokers or other intermediaries that provide access to Class I shares, (2) by endowments, foundations, pension funds and other institutional investors, (3) through participating brokers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class I shares, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) by our executive officers and Trustees and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of the Adviser or other affiliates and their immediate family members, and, if approved by our Board, joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers, or (6) by other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. In certain cases, where a holder of Class S, Class D or Class F shares exits a relationship with a participating broker for this offering and does not enter into a new relationship with a participating broker for this offering, such holder’s shares may be exchanged into an equivalent NAV amount of Class I shares. We may also offer Class I shares to certain feeder vehicles primarily created to hold our Class I shares, which in turn offer interests in themselves to investors; we expect to conduct such offerings pursuant to exemptions to registration under the Securities Act and not as a part of this offering. Such feeder vehicles may have additional costs and expenses, which would be disclosed in connection with the offering of their interests. We may also offer Class I shares to other investment vehicles.
Class F shares
No upfront selling commissions are paid for sales of any Class F shares; however, if you purchase Class F shares from certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that they limit such charges to a 2.0% cap on NAV for Class F shares. Class F shares are subject to a minimum initial investment of $2,500. All subsequent purchases of Class F shares, except for those made under our Dividend Reinvestment Plan, are subject to a minimum investment size of $500 per transaction. The Managing Dealer can waive the initial or subsequent minimum investment at its discretion.
The Fund pays the Managing Dealer selling commissions over time as a shareholder servicing and/or fee with respect to our outstanding Class F shares equal to 0.50% per annum of the aggregate NAV of all our outstanding Class F shares, including any Class F shares issued pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
Class F shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through
fee-based
programs, also known as wrap accounts, sponsored by participating brokers or other intermediaries that provide access to Class F shares, (2) through participating brokers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class F shares, (3) through transaction/brokerage platforms at participating brokers, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) through bank trust departments or any other organization or person authorized to act in a fiduciary capacity for its clients or customers or (6) by other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus.
Investment Minimums
The Fund, in the sole discretion of the Adviser or the Administrator, may also aggregate the accounts of clients of registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries whose clients invest in the Fund for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts. The Managing Dealer can waive the initial or subsequent minimum investment at its discretion.
 
Other Terms of Common Shares
We will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S, Class D and Class F shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. In addition, consistent with the Multi-Class Order, at the end of the month in which the Managing Dealer in conjunction with the Transfer Agent determines that total transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, and shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees paid would exceed, in the aggregate, 10% of the gross proceeds of the Fund (or a lower limit as determined by the Managing Dealer or the applicable selling agent), we will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on either (i) each such share that would exceed such limit or (ii) all Class S shares, Class D shares and Class F shares in such shareholder’s account. We may modify this requirement if permitted by applicable exemptive relief. At the end of such month, the applicable Class S shares, Class D shares and Class F shares in such shareholder’s account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such Class S, Class D shares and Class F shares. In addition, immediately before any liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each Class S, Class D and Class F share will automatically convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares) with an equivalent NAV as such share.
Transferability of Common Shares
Our Common Shares have no preemptive, exchange, conversion, appraisal or redemption rights and are freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws or by contract and except that, in order to avoid the possibility that our assets could be treated as “plan assets,” we may require any person proposing to acquire Common Shares to furnish such information as may be necessary to determine whether such person is a benefit plan investor or a controlling person, restrict or prohibit transfers of such shares or redeem any outstanding shares for such price and on such other terms and conditions as may be determined by or at the direction of the Board.
Preferred Shares
This offering does not include an offering of preferred shares. However, under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, the Board may authorize us to issue preferred shares in one or more classes or series without shareholder approval, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. The Board has the power to fix the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption of each class or series of preferred shares. The Fund does not currently anticipate issuing preferred shares in the near future. In the event it issues preferred shares, the Fund will make any required disclosure to shareholders.
Preferred shares could be issued with terms that would adversely affect the shareholders, provided that the Fund may not issue any preferred shares that would limit or subordinate the voting rights of holders of Common Shares. Preferred shares could also be used as an anti-takeover device through the issuance of Common Shares of a class or series of preferred shares with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control. Every issuance of preferred shares will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that: (1) immediately after issuance and before any dividend or other distribution is made with respect to Common Shares and before any purchase of Common Shares is made, such preferred shares together with all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of the Fund’s total assets after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be, and (2) the holders of Common Shares of preferred shares, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class voting separately to elect two trustees at all times and to elect a
 
majority of the trustees if distributions on such preferred shares are in arrears by two full years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of preferred shares (as determined in accordance with the 1940 Act) voting together as a separate class. For example, the vote of such holders of preferred shares would be required to approve a proposal involving a plan of reorganization adversely affecting such securities. The issuance of any preferred shares must be approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees not otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access, at our expense, to our legal counsel or to independent legal counsel.
   
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block]
Outstanding Securities
 
Title of Class
  
Amount
Authorized
    
Amount
Held by
Fund for
its
Account
    
Amount
Outstanding as of
March 31, 2025
 
Class S
     Unlimited        —         —   
Class D
     Unlimited        —         —   
Class F
     Unlimited        —         —   
Class I
     Unlimited        0        10,715,272.62  
   
RISKS RELATING TO OUR OPERATIONS [Member]      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]      
Risk [Text Block]
RISKS RELATING TO OUR OPERATIONS
Because we intend to distribute substantially all of our income to our shareholders to maintain our status as a RIC, we will continue to need additional capital to finance our growth. If additional funds are unavailable or not available on favorable terms, our ability to grow may be impaired.
In order for us to qualify for the tax benefits available to RICs and to avoid payment of excise taxes, we intend to distribute to our shareholders substantially all of our annual taxable income. As a result of these requirements, we may need to raise capital from other sources to grow our business.
Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted.
As a BDC, we are prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our Independent Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5.0% or more of our outstanding voting securities is an affiliate of ours for purposes of the 1940 Act. We are generally prohibited from buying or selling any securities (other than our securities) from or to an affiliate. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with an affiliate, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of Independent Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. If a person acquires more than 25.0% of our voting securities, we are prohibited from buying or selling any security (other than our securities) from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or Trustees or their affiliates. As a result of these restrictions, we may be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any portfolio company of a private equity fund managed by any affiliate of the Adviser without the prior approval of the SEC, which may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.
The Adviser has significant potential conflicts of interest with us and, consequently, your interests as shareholders which could adversely impact our investment returns.
Our executive officers and Trustees, as well as the current or future investment professionals of the Adviser, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do or of investment funds managed by our affiliates. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in your interests as shareholders. We are focused primarily on investing in the investments that we target, in the future, the investment professionals of the Adviser and/or its affiliates that provide services pursuant to the Advisory Agreement may manage other funds which may from time to time have overlapping investment objectives with our own and, accordingly, may invest in, whether principally or secondarily, asset classes similar to those targeted by us. If this occurs, the Adviser may face conflicts of interest in allocating investment opportunities to us and such other funds. Although the investment professionals endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, it is possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by the Adviser or persons affiliated with the Adviser or that certain of these investment funds may be favored over us. When these investment professionals identify an investment, they may be forced to choose which investment fund should make the investment.
While we may
co-invest
with investment entities managed by the Adviser or its affiliates to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, the 1940 Act imposes significant limits on
 
co-investment.
On August 2, 2021, the SEC granted Commonwealth Credit Partners BDC I, Inc. the
Co-Investment
Order which permits us to
co-invest
in portfolio companies with certain funds or entities managed by the Adviser or its affiliates in certain negotiated transactions where
co-investing
would otherwise be prohibited under the 1940 Act, subject to the conditions of the
Co-Investment
Order. Pursuant to the
Co-Investment
Order, we are permitted to
co-invest
with our affiliates if a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our Independent Trustees make certain conclusions in connection with a
co-investment
transaction, including, but not limited to, that (1) the terms of the potential
co-investment
transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our shareholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of us or our shareholders on the part of any person concerned, and (2) the potential
co-investment
transaction is consistent with the interests of our shareholders and is consistent with our then-current investment objectives and strategies.
If the Adviser forms other affiliates in the future, we may
co-invest
on a concurrent basis with such other affiliates, subject to compliance with applicable regulations and regulatory guidance or an exemptive order from the SEC and our allocation procedures. In addition, we pay management fees to the Adviser and reimburse the Adviser for certain expenses it incurs. As a result, investors in our Shares invest in us on a “gross” basis and receive distributions on a “net” basis after our expenses. Any potential conflict of interest arising as a result of the arrangements with the Adviser could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The Adviser’s liability is limited under the Advisory Agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify the Adviser against certain liabilities, which may lead the Adviser to act in a riskier manner than it would when acting for its own account.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser does not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for under that agreement, and it is not responsible for any action of our Board in following or declining to follow the Adviser’s advice or recommendations. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Indemnified Parties (as defined below) are not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any act or omission or any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the Advisory Agreement relates, provided that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which the Adviser would otherwise be subject by reason of disabling conduct. Under the Advisory Agreement, absent disabling conduct, the Fund will indemnify the Indemnified Parties against, and hold them harmless from, any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of the Adviser’s services under the Advisory Agreement or otherwise as Adviser for the Fund. The Indemnified Parties will not be liable under the Advisory Agreement or otherwise for any loss due to the mistake, action, inaction, negligence, dishonesty, fraud or bad faith of any broker or other agent; provided, that such broker or other agent shall have been selected, engaged or retained and monitored by the Adviser in good faith, unless such action or inaction was made by reason of disabling conduct, or in the case of a criminal action or proceeding, where the Adviser had reasonable cause to believe its conduct was unlawful. These protections may lead the Adviser to act in a riskier manner than it would when acting for its own account.
The Adviser can resign upon 120 days’ notice, and a suitable replacement may not be found within that time, resulting in disruptions in our operations that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has the right to resign at any time upon 120 days’ written notice, whether a replacement has been found or not. If the Adviser resigns, we may not be able to find a new adviser or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 120 days, or at all. If a replacement is not able to be found on a timely basis, our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay distributions are likely to be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by the Adviser and its affiliates, the
 
coordination of its internal management and investment activities is likely to suffer. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, their integration into our business and lack of familiarity with our investment objective may result in additional costs and time delays that may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If we fail to maintain our status as a BDC, our business and operating flexibility could be significantly reduced, and we may be subject to numerous restrictions on our activities, including restrictions on leverage and on the nature of our investments.
We qualify as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs. For example, BDCs are required to invest at least 70.0% of their total assets in specified types of securities, primarily in private companies or thinly-traded U.S. public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. Failure to comply with the requirements imposed on BDCs by the 1940 Act could cause the SEC to bring an enforcement action against us and/or expose us to claims of private litigants. In addition, upon approval of a majority of our shareholders, we may elect to withdraw their respective election as a BDC. If we decide to withdraw our election, or if we otherwise fail to qualify, or maintain our qualification, as a BDC, we may be subject to the substantially greater regulation under the 1940 Act as a
closed-end
investment company. Compliance with these regulations would significantly decrease our operating flexibility and could significantly increase our cost of doing business.
If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could be precluded from investing in certain assets or could be required to dispose of certain assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a BDC, we are prohibited from acquiring any assets other than “qualifying assets” unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70.0% of our total assets are qualifying assets. We may acquire in the future other investments that are not “qualifying assets” to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we would be prohibited from investing in additional assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, these rules could prevent us from making
follow-on
investments in existing portfolio companies (which could result in the dilution of our position) or could require us to dispose of investments at inopportune times in order to come into compliance with the 1940 Act. If we need to dispose of these investments quickly, it may be difficult to dispose of such investments on favorable terms. For example, we may have difficulty in finding a buyer and, even if a buyer is found, we may have to sell the investments at a substantial loss.
Our ability to invest in public companies may be limited in certain circumstances.
To maintain our status as a BDC, we are not permitted to acquire any assets other than in “qualifying assets” specified in the 1940 Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70.0% of our total assets are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). Subject to certain exceptions for
follow-on
investments and distressed companies, an investment in an issuer that has outstanding securities listed on a national securities exchange may be treated as qualifying assets only if such issuer has a common equity market capitalization that is less than $250.0 million at the time of such investment.
Regulations governing the operations of BDCs may affect our ability to raise additional equity capital as well as our ability to issue senior securities or borrow for investment purposes, any or all of which could have a negative effect on our investment objectives and strategies.
Our business requires a substantial amount of capital. We may acquire additional capital from the issuance of senior securities, including borrowing under a credit facility or other indebtedness. In addition, we may also issue additional equity capital, which would in turn increase the equity capital available to us. However, we may not be able to raise additional capital in the future on favorable terms or at all.
 
We may issue debt securities and preferred stock, and we may borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities”, up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. We do not currently intend to issue preferred stock, however. The 1940 Act permits us to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% after each issuance of senior securities. If our asset coverage ratio is not at least 150%, we would be unable to issue senior securities, and if we had senior securities outstanding (other than any indebtedness issued in consideration of a privately arranged loan, such as any indebtedness outstanding under a credit facility), we would be unable to make distributions to our shareholders. At its organizational meeting on October 20, 2023, the Board approved a proposal that permits us to reduce our asset coverage ratio to 150%. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to liquidate a portion of our investments and repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous.
In addition, we may in the future seek to securitize other portfolio securities to generate cash for funding new investments. To securitize loans, we would likely create a wholly-owned subsidiary and contribute a pool of loans to the subsidiary. We would then sell interests in the subsidiary on a
non-recourse
basis to purchasers and we would retain all or a portion of the equity in the subsidiary. If we are unable to successfully securitize our loan portfolio our ability to grow our business or fully execute our business strategy could be impaired and our earnings, if any, could decrease. The securitization market is subject to changing market conditions, and we may not be able to access this market when it would be otherwise deemed appropriate. Moreover, the successful securitization of our portfolio might expose us to losses as the residual investments in which we do not sell interests will tend to be those that are riskier and more apt to generate losses. The 1940 Act also may impose restrictions on the structure of any securitization.
We may also obtain capital through the issuance of additional equity capital. As a BDC, we generally are not able to issue or sell our Common Shares at a price below NAV per share. If our Common Shares trade at a discount to our NAV per share, this restriction could adversely affect our ability to raise equity capital. We may, however, sell our Common Shares, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our Common Shares, at a price below our NAV per share if the Board and Independent Trustees determine that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our shareholders, and our shareholders approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of the Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any underwriting commission or discount). If we raise additional funds by issuing more shares of our Common Shares, or if we issue senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our Common Shares, the percentage ownership of our shareholders may decline and you may experience dilution.
Our business model in the future may depend to an extent upon our referral relationships and the inability of the investment professionals of the Adviser to maintain or develop these relationships, or the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business strategy.
If the investment professionals of the Adviser fail to maintain existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sponsors or sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the investment professionals of the Adviser have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that any relationships they currently or may in the future have will generate investment opportunities for us.
Our Board may change our investment objective, operating policies and strategies without prior notice or shareholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse to your interests as shareholders.
Our Board has the authority, except as otherwise provided in the 1940 Act, to modify or waive certain of our operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without shareholder approval. As a result, our Board may be able to change our investment policies and objectives without any input from our shareholders. However, absent shareholder approval, we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our
 
election as, a BDC. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies and strategies would have on our business and operating results. Nevertheless, any such changes could adversely affect our business and impair our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
We will be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on all of our income if we are unable to maintain tax treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.
Although we elected to qualify annually as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, no assurance can be given that we will be able to obtain or maintain our RIC tax treatment. To maintain RIC tax treatment and be relieved of U.S. federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to our shareholders, we must meet the annual distribution,
source-of-income
and asset diversification requirements described below.
 
   
The annual distribution requirement will be satisfied if we distribute dividends to our shareholders during the taxable year equal to at least 90.0% of our investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code, but determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) plus 90.0% of our net interest income excludable under Section 103(a) of the Code, if any. Because we use debt financing, we would be subject to an asset coverage ratio requirement under the 1940 Act, and we may be subject to certain financial covenants contained in debt financing agreements (as applicable). This asset coverage ratio requirement and these financial covenants could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions to our shareholders, which distributions are necessary for us to satisfy the annual distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources and thus are unable to make sufficient distributions to our shareholders, we could fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and thus become subject to U.S. corporate-level federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes).
 
   
The
source-of-income
requirement will be satisfied if at least 90.0% of our allocable share of gross income for each taxable year is derived from dividends, interest payments with respect to loans of certain securities, gains from the sale of stock or other securities, net income from certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships” or other income derived with respect to our business of investing in such stock or securities.
 
   
The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. To satisfy this requirement, at least 50.0% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other such securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5.0% of the value of our assets or more than 10.0% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; and no more than 25.0% of the value of our assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by it and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships”. Failure to meet these requirements may result in us having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of our RIC status. Because most of our investments are intended to be in private companies, and therefore may be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses.
If we fail to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC for any reason, and we do not qualify for certain relief provisions under the Code, we would be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes). In this event, the resulting taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.
 
We may not be able to pay you distributions on our Common Shares, our distributions to you may not grow over time and a portion of our distributions to you may be a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We intend to pay monthly distributions to our shareholders out of assets legally available for distribution. Such monthly distributions will generally consist of cash or cash equivalents, except that we may make distributions of assets in kind with the prior consent of each receiving shareholder. We cannot assure you that we will continue to achieve investment results or maintain a tax status that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or
year-to-year
increases in cash distributions. If we are unable to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC, our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders could be limited. All distributions are paid at the discretion of the Board and depend on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of our RIC status, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant from time to time. The distributions that we pay to our shareholders in a year may exceed our taxable income for that year and, accordingly, a portion of such distributions may constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, a return of capital distribution occurs when a fund returns a portion of an investor’s original investment, and it often occurs when a fund makes a distribution larger than it generates in income.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we include in our taxable income our allocable share of certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount (“OID”) or accruals on a contingent payment debt instrument, which may occur if we receive warrants in connection with the origination of a loan (among other circumstances) or contracted PIK interest and dividends, which generally represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term. Our allocable share of such OID and PIK interest is included in our taxable income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We may also be required to include in our taxable income our allocable share of certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash.
Because in certain cases we may recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty making distributions to our shareholders that will be sufficient to enable us to meet the annual distribution requirement necessary for us to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. Accordingly, we may need to sell some of our assets at times and/or at prices that we would not consider advantageous. We may need to raise additional equity or debt capital, or we may need to forego new investment opportunities or otherwise take actions that are disadvantageous to our business (or be unable to take actions that are advantageous to our business) to enable us to make distributions to our shareholders that will be sufficient to enable us to meet the annual distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources to enable us to meet the annual distribution requirement, we may fail to qualify for the U.S. federal income tax benefits allowable to RICs and, thus, become subject to a corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes).
If we are not treated as a “publicly offered regulated investment company,” as defined in the Code, U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates will be taxed as though they received a distribution of some of our expenses.
Unless and until we are treated as a “publicly offered regulated investment company” (within the meaning of Section 67 of the Code) as a result of either (i) our Common Shares being held by at least 500 persons at all times during a taxable year, (ii) our Common Shares being continuously offered pursuant to a public offering (within the meaning of section 4 of the Securities Act) or (iii) our Common Shares being treated as regularly traded on an established securities market, for purposes of computing the taxable income of U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates, (1) our earnings will be computed without taking into account such U.S. shareholders’ allocable Common Shares of the management and incentive fees paid to the Adviser and
 
certain of our other expenses, (2) each such U.S. shareholder will be treated as having received or accrued a distribution from us in the amount of such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses for such taxable year, (3) each such U.S. shareholder will be treated as having paid or incurred such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses for the calendar year and (4) each such U.S. shareholder’s allocable share of these fees and expenses will be treated as miscellaneous itemized deductions by such U.S. shareholder. For taxable years beginning before 2026, miscellaneous itemized deductions generally are not deductible by a U.S. shareholder that is an individual, trust or estate. For taxable years beginning in 2026 or later, miscellaneous itemized deductions generally are deductible by a U.S. shareholder that is an individual, trust or estate only to the extent that the aggregate of such U.S. shareholder’s miscellaneous itemized deductions exceeds 2% of such U.S. shareholder’s adjusted gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are not deductible for purposes of the alternative minimum tax and are subject to the overall limitation on itemized deductions under Section 68 of the Code.
Risks Arising from Potential Controlled Group Liability.
Under certain circumstances it could be possible for the Fund, along with its affiliates, to obtain a controlling interest (i.e., 80% or more) in certain portfolio companies. This could occur, for example, in connection with a work out of the portfolio company’s debt obligations or a restructuring of the portfolio company’s capital structure. Based on federal court decisions, there is a risk that the Fund (along with its affiliates) could be treated as engaged in a “trade or business” for purposes of ERISA’s controlled group rules. In such an event, the Fund could be jointly and severally liable for a portfolio company’s liabilities with respect to the underfunding of any pension plans which such portfolio company sponsors or to which it contributes. If the portfolio company were not able to satisfy those liabilities, they could become the responsibility of the Fund, causing it to incur potentially significant, unexpected liabilities for which reserves were not established.
Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
Changes in the laws or regulations or the interpretations of the laws and regulations that govern BDCs, RICs or
non-depository
commercial lenders could significantly affect our operations and our cost of doing business. Our portfolio companies are subject to U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations. New legislation may be enacted or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, including with respect to the types of investments we are permitted to make, and your interests as shareholders potentially with retroactive effect. In addition, any changes to the laws and regulations governing our operations relating to permitted investments may cause us to alter our investment strategy in order to make available to ourselves new or different opportunities. These changes could result in material changes to our strategies which may result in our investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of the Adviser to other types of investments in which the Adviser may have less expertise or little or no experience. Any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and, consequently, the value of your investment in us.
Over the last several years, there has been an increase in regulatory attention to the extension of credit outside of the traditional banking sector, raising the possibility that some portion of the
non-bank
financial sector will be subject to new regulation. While it cannot be known at this time whether these regulations will be implemented or what form they will take, increased regulation of
non-bank
credit extension could negatively impact our operations, cash flows or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, intensify the regulatory supervision of us or otherwise adversely affect our business.
We cannot predict how tax reform legislation will affect us, our investments, or our shareholders, and any such legislation could adversely affect our business.
Legislative or other actions relating to taxes could have a negative effect on us. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by
 
the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. New legislation and any U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting such legislation could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to us and our shareholders of such qualification, or could have other adverse consequences. Shareholders are urged to consult with their tax advisor regarding tax legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our securities.
Our business and operations could be negatively affected if we become subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, which could cause us to incur significant expense and hinder execution of investment strategy.
Shareholder activism, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing in the BDC space recently. While we are currently not subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, we may in the future become the target of securities litigation or shareholder activism. Securities litigation and shareholder activism, including potential proxy contests, could result in substantial costs and divert the attention of our management and Board and resources from our business. Additionally, such securities litigation and shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with service providers and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant legal fees and other expenses related to any securities litigation or activist shareholder matters.
Internal and external cyber threats, disease pandemics, as well as other disasters, could impair our ability to conduct business effectively.
The occurrence of a disaster, such as a cyber-attack against us or against a third-party that has access to our data or networks, a natural catastrophe, an industrial accident, disease pandemics, failure of our disaster recovery systems, or consequential employee error, could have an adverse effect on our ability to communicate or conduct business, negatively impacting our operations and financial condition. This adverse effect can become particularly acute if those events affect our electronic data processing, transmission, storage, and retrieval systems, or impact the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of our data.
We depend heavily upon computer systems to perform necessary business functions. We depend on the effectiveness of the information and cybersecurity policies, procedures and capabilities maintained by our affiliates and our and their respective third-party services providers to protect their computer and telecommunications systems and the data that reside on or are transmitted through them. Despite our implementation of a variety of security measures, our computer systems, networks, and data, like those of other companies, could be subject to cyber-attacks and unauthorized access, use, alteration, or destruction, such as from physical and electronic
break-ins
or unauthorized tampering. If one or more of these events occurs, it could potentially jeopardize the confidential, proprietary, and other information processed, stored in, and transmitted through our computer systems and networks. Cyber-attacks that do not have a security impact may nonetheless cause harm, such as causing
denial-of-service
attacks (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users) on websites, servers or other online systems. Cyber-attacks could cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations, which could result in financial losses, litigation, regulatory penalties, client dissatisfaction or loss, reputational damage, and increased costs associated with mitigation of damages and remediation.
If unauthorized parties gain access to such information and technology systems, they may be able to steal, publish, delete or modify private and sensitive information, including nonpublic personal information related to shareholders (and their beneficial owners) and material nonpublic information. The systems we have implemented to manage risks relating to these types of events could prove to be inadequate and, if compromised, could become inoperable for extended periods of time, cease to function properly or fail to adequately secure private information. Breaches such as those involving covertly introduced malware, impersonation of authorized
 
users and industrial or other espionage may not be identified even with sophisticated prevention and detection systems, potentially resulting in further harm and preventing them from being addressed appropriately. The failure of these systems or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in our and our Adviser’s operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to shareholders, material nonpublic information and other sensitive information in our possession.
A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our business, including a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, or directly affecting our headquarters, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Our disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm that may result from such a disaster or disruption. In addition, insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses, if at all.
Third parties with which we do business may also be sources of cybersecurity or other technological risk. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the storage and processing of our information, as well as client, counterparty, employee, and borrower information. While we engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure, destruction, or other cybersecurity incident that affects our data, resulting in increased costs and other consequences as described above. There is no assurance that any efforts to mitigate cybersecurity risks undertaken by us, our affiliates, or our or their respective third-party service providers will be effective.
The Fund is Subject to Risks Arising from Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest.
Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and natural persons who are associated persons of a broker-dealer when recommending to a retail customer any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. Regulation Best Interest imposes a duty of care for broker-dealers to evaluate reasonably available alternatives in the best interests of their clients. There are likely alternatives to us that are reasonably available to you, through your broker or otherwise, and those alternatives may be less costly or have a lower investment risk. Among other alternatives, listed BDCs may be reasonable alternatives to an investment in our Common Shares, and may feature characteristics like lower cost, less complexity, and lesser or different risks. Investments in listed securities also often involve nominal or zero commissions at the time of initial purchase. The impact of Regulation Best Interest on broker-dealers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time, but it may negatively impact whether broker-dealers and their associated persons recommend this offering to retail customers. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it would harm our ability to create a diversified portfolio of investments and achieve our investment objective and would result in our fixed operating costs representing a larger percentage of our gross income.
   
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE [Member]      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]      
Risk [Text Block]
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE
We have a limited operating history.
We have a limited operating and performance history. Past performance, including the past performance of other investment entities and accounts managed by the Adviser, is not necessarily indicative of our future results.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities and may not be able to compete effectively.
We compete for investments with other BDCs and investment funds (including private equity and hedge funds), as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or the
source-of-income,
asset diversification and distribution requirements that we must satisfy to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we are able to do.
We may lose investment opportunities if our pricing, terms and structure do not match those of our competitors. With respect to the investments that we make, we do not seek to compete based primarily on the interest rates we may offer, and we believe that some of our competitors may make loans with interest rates that may be lower than the rates we offer. In the secondary market for acquiring existing loans, we expect to compete generally on the basis of pricing terms. If we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. If we are forced to match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on our investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. Part of our potential competitive advantage stems from the fact that we believe the market for middle market lending is underserved by traditional bank lenders and other financial sources. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of our competitors in this target market could force us to accept less attractive investment terms. We may also compete for investment opportunities with accounts managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. Although the Adviser allocates opportunities in accordance with its policies and procedures, allocations to such other accounts reduces the amount and frequency of opportunities available to us and may not be in our best interests and, consequently, our shareholders. Moreover, the performance of investment opportunities is not known at the time of allocation. If we are not able to compete effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected, thus affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations. Because of this competition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify and take advantage of attractive investment opportunities that we identify or that we will be able to fully invest our available capital.
 
We do not expect to replicate the historical performance of other entities managed or supported by Comvest Partners.
We do not expect to replicate the historical performance of Comvest Partners’ investments, or those of its affiliates. In addition, our investment strategies may differ from those of Comvest Partners or its affiliates. We, as a BDC and as a RIC, are subject to certain regulatory restrictions that do not apply to Comvest Partners or its affiliates. Finally, we can offer no assurance that our investment team will be able to continue to implement our investment objective with the same degree of success as it has had in the past.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on key investment personnel of Comvest Partners and the Adviser. If Comvest Partners and the Adviser were to lose any of their key investment personnel, our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed.
We depend on the investment judgment, skill and relationships of the investment professionals of the Adviser to identify, evaluate, negotiate, structure, execute, monitor and service our investments. The Adviser, as an affiliate of Comvest Partners, is supported by Comvest Partners to fulfill its obligations to us under the Advisory Agreement. The Adviser may also depend upon Comvest Partners to obtain access to investment opportunities originated by professionals. Our future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of the key investment personnel of the Adviser. The departure of any of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective. We do not currently intend to provide key person life insurance for any of our key investment personnel.
The Investment Committee, which provides oversight over our investment activities, is provided by the Adviser. The loss of any member of the Investment Committee or of other senior professionals of the Adviser and its affiliates without suitable replacement could limit our ability to achieve our investment objective and operate as we anticipate. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operation and cash flows. To achieve our investment objective, the Adviser may hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in its investment selection and monitoring process. If the Adviser is unable to find investment professionals or do so in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Through the Resource Sharing Agreement, the Adviser intends to capitalize on the significant deal origination, credit underwriting, due diligence, investment structuring, execution, portfolio management and monitoring experience of Comvest Partners’ investment professionals. There can be no assurance that Comvest Partners will perform its obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. The Resource Sharing Agreement may be terminated by either party on 60 days’ notice, which if terminated may have a material adverse consequence on the Fund’s operations.
A renewed disruption in the capital markets and the credit markets could adversely affect our business.
As a BDC, we must maintain our ability to raise additional capital for investment purposes. If we are unable to access the capital markets or credit markets, we may be forced to curtail our business operations and may be unable to pursue new investment opportunities. The success of our activities is affected by general economic and market conditions, including, among others, interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws, and trade barriers. These factors could affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of our investments. Volatility or illiquidity could impair our profitability or result in losses.
The capital markets and the credit markets have experienced extreme volatility in recent periods, and, as a result, there has been and will likely continue to be uncertainty in the financial markets in general. Disruptions in the capital markets in recent years increased the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. In addition, a prolonged period of market
 
illiquidity may cause us to reduce the volume of loans that we originate and/or fund and adversely affect the value of our portfolio investments. Unfavorable economic conditions could also increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow and negatively impact our operating results. Ongoing disruptive conditions in the financial industry and the impact of new legislation in response to those conditions could restrict our business operations and, consequently, could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If the fair value of our assets declines substantially, we may fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios imposed upon us by the 1940 Act. Any such failure would result in a default under such indebtedness and otherwise affect our ability to issue senior securities, borrow under a credit facility and pay distributions, which could materially impair our business operations. Our liquidity could be impaired further by our inability to access the capital or credit markets. For example, we cannot be certain that we will be able to renew our Leverage Arrangements (defined below) as they mature or to consummate new arrangements to provide capital for normal operations. In recent years, reflecting concern about the stability of the financial markets, many lenders and institutional investors have reduced or ceased providing funding to borrowers. This market turmoil and tightening of credit have led to increased market volatility and widespread reduction of business activity generally in recent years. In addition, adverse economic conditions due to these disruptive conditions could materially impact our ability to comply with the financial and other covenants in any existing or future Leverage Arrangements. If we are unable to comply with these covenants, this could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There is uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments because most of our investments are, and may continue to be, in private companies and recorded at fair value. In addition, the fair values of our investments are determined by our Adviser, subject to oversight by our Board, in accordance with our Valuation Policy.
Some of our investments are and may be in the form of securities or loans that are not publicly traded. The fair value of these investments may not be readily determinable. Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board, including to reflect significant events affecting the value of our securities. For purposes of the 1940 Act, the Board has designated the Adviser as the Fund’s “valuation designee” under
Rule 2a-5
under the 1940 Act. The Board provides oversight of the Adviser’s fair value determinations of the Fund’s portfolio investments on a monthly basis in good faith, including investments that are not publicly traded and those whose market prices are not readily available.
Valuations of our portfolio, which will affect the amount of the management fee and incentive fee and our performance results, may involve uncertainties and judgmental determinations. Further, the methodology for the calculation of the management fee and incentive fee creates a potential conflict of interest for the Adviser in determining valuations.
Our business, results of operations and financial condition depend on our ability to manage future growth effectively.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective and to grow depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of the Adviser’s structuring of the investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and its ability to access financing on acceptable terms. The Adviser has substantial responsibilities under the Advisory Agreement and may also be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our eligible portfolio companies. These demands on the time of the Adviser and its investment professionals may distract them or slow our rate of investment. In order to grow, we and the Adviser may need to retain, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals. However, these investment professionals may not be able to contribute effectively to the work of the Adviser. If we are unable to manage our future growth effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
 
We may borrow money, which could magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested in us and increase the risk of investing in us.
We may elect to utilize one or more subscription lines (each, a “Subscription Line”), each of which would be expected to be secured by our aggregate committed capital to purchase shares of the Fund, including to fund portfolio investments pending receipt of amounts drawn from shareholders with respect to unfunded committed capital. We may also guarantee loans made to or in respect of the Fund or its investments or enter into repurchase agreements in respect of investments (together with any Subscription Lines and the Loan and Servicing Agreement (as defined below), “Leverage Arrangements”).
On July 16, 2024 and as amended on March 27, 2025, AMG Comvest Senior Lending Fund LL1 SPV, LLC (“Subsidiary II”), a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned financing subsidiary of the Fund, has entered into a loan and servicing agreement with the Fund and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, as collateral agent, administrative agent and a lender, Webster Bank, N.A., as a lender, and Western Alliance Trust Company, N.A. as collateral custodian and the collateral administrator, with an aggregate principal amount of $400 million (with an option to increase such amount up to $500 million), which can be drawn in U.S. dollars subject to certain conditions (as amended, the “Loan and Servicing Agreement”). In accordance with the 1940 Act as presently in effect, BDCs generally are prohibited from incurring additional leverage to the extent it would cause them to have less than a 150% asset coverage ratio, reflecting approximately a 2:1 debt to equity ratio, taking into account the then current fair value of their investments.
Our ability to service any debt that we incur depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. In addition, shareholders will, indirectly, bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of leverage.
The Small Business Credit Availability Act (“SBCAA”), among other things, modified the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act to reduce the required asset coverage ratio applicable to BDCs from 200% to 150% subject to certain conditions. Increased leverage could increase the risks associated with investing in us. For example, if the value of the Fund’s assets decreases, although the asset base and expected revenues would be larger because increased leverage would permit the Fund to acquire additional assets, leverage will cause the Fund’s NAV to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have without leverage or with lower leverage. Similarly, any decrease in the Fund’s revenue would cause its net income to decline more sharply, on a relative basis, than it would have if the Fund had not borrowed or had borrowed less (although, as noted above, the Fund’s asset base and expected revenues would likely be larger). However, since the Fund does not expect to use leverage to a significant degree, there are no material additional risks associated with increased leverage other than the amount of the leverage.
If we are unable to comply with the covenants or restrictions in our borrowings, our business could be materially adversely affected.
Leverage Arrangements into which we may enter may include covenants that, subject to exceptions, restrict our ability to pay distributions, create liens on assets, make investments, make acquisitions and engage in mergers or consolidations. Such arrangements may also include a change of control provision that accelerates the indebtedness under the facility in the event of certain change of control events. Complying with these restrictions may prevent us from taking actions that we believe would help us grow our business or are otherwise consistent with our investment objective. These restrictions could also limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or meet extraordinary capital needs or otherwise restrict corporate activities. In addition, the restrictions contained in a credit facility could limit our ability to make distributions to our shareholders in certain circumstances, which could result in us failing to qualify as a RIC and thus becoming subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable state and local taxes).
 
Although we have commenced a share repurchase program, we have discretion to not repurchase shares, and our Board has the ability to amend or suspend the program.
Although we have commenced a share repurchase program, our Board may amend or suspend the share repurchase program at any time in its discretion (including to offer to purchase fewer shares). Shareholders may not be able to sell their shares on a timely basis in the event our Board amends or suspends the share repurchase program, absent a liquidity event, and we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our organizational documents or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time. We will notify shareholders of such developments in our quarterly reports or other filings. If less than the full amount of shares requested to be repurchased in any given repurchase offer are repurchased, funds will be allocated pro rata based on the total number of shares being repurchased without regard to class. The share repurchase program has many limitations and should not be considered a guaranteed method to sell shares promptly or at a desired price.
We may need to raise additional capital to grow.
We may need additional capital to fund new investments and grow. We may access the capital markets periodically to issue equity securities. In addition, we may also issue debt securities or borrow from financial institutions in order to obtain such additional capital. Unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs and limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. A reduction in the availability of new capital could limit our ability to grow. In addition, we are required to distribute at least 90.0% of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to our shareholders to maintain our RIC status. As a result, these earnings will not be available to fund new investments. If we are unable to access the capital markets or if we are unable to borrow from financial institutions, we may be unable to grow our business and execute our business strategy fully, and our earnings, if any, could decrease, which could have an adverse effect on the value of our securities.
We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.
Interest rate risk refers to the risk of market changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes affect the value of debt. In general, rising interest rates will negatively impact the price of fixed rate debt, and falling interest rates will have a positive effect on price. Adjustable rate debt also reacts to interest rate changes in a similar manner, although generally to a lesser degree. Interest rate sensitivity is generally larger and less predictable in debt with uncertain payment or prepayment schedules. Further, rising interest rates make it more difficult for borrowers to repay debt, which could increase the risk of payment defaults. Any failure of one or more portfolio companies to repay or refinance its debt at or prior to maturity or the inability of one or more portfolio companies to make ongoing payments following an increase in contractual interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
To the extent we borrow money to make investments, our net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, a significant change in market interest rates may have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in the event we use debt to finance our investments. Due to rising interest rates, our cost of funds have increased, which have reduced our net investment income. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. These techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
We are subject to risks associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning technology.
Artificial intelligence, including machine learning and similar tools and technologies that collect, aggregate, analyze or generate data or other materials (collectively, “AI”), and its current and potential future applications including in the private investment and financial industries, as well as the legal and regulatory frameworks within which AI operates, continue to rapidly evolve.
 
Recent technological advances in AI pose risks to the Fund, the Adviser, and our portfolio investments. The Fund and our portfolio investments could also be exposed to the risks of AI if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to the Fund, also use AI in their business activities. We and our portfolio companies may not be in a position to control the use of AI technology in third-party products or services.
Use of AI could include the input of confidential information in contravention of applicable policies, contractual or other obligations or restrictions, resulting in such confidential information becoming part accessible by other third-party AI applications and users. While the Adviser does not currently use AI to make investment recommendations, the use of AI could also exacerbate or create new and unpredictable risks to our business, the Adviser’s business, and the business of our portfolio companies, including by potentially significantly disrupting the markets in which we and our portfolio companies operate or subjecting us, our portfolio companies and the Adviser to increased competition and regulation, which could materially and adversely affect business, financial condition or results of operations of us, our portfolio companies and the Adviser. In addition, the use of AI by bad actors could heighten the sophistication and effectiveness of cyber and security attacks experienced by our portfolio companies and the Adviser.
Global economic, political and market conditions, including downgrades of the U.S. credit rating, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability.
The current worldwide financial market situation, as well as various social and political tensions in the United States and around the world, may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets and may cause economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. The impact of downgrades by rating agencies to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness as well as potential government shutdowns and uncertainty surrounding transfers of power could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the United States. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and other regions or countries globally and the resulting instability in global financial markets may pose a risk to our business. Financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of
non-performing
loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the effect of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, and instability in the Chinese capital markets.
Various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world (including wars and other forms of conflict, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics), may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Such events, including rising trade tensions between the United States and China, other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. and foreign, trade, economic and other policies with other countries, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. These market and economic disruptions could negatively impact the operating results of our portfolio companies.
In addition, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and corresponding events have had, and could continue to have, severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets. Following Russia’s actions, various governments, including the United States, have issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia, including, among other actions, a prohibition on doing business with certain Russian companies, large financial
 
institutions, officials and oligarchs; a commitment by certain countries and the European Union to remove selected Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, the electronic banking network that connects banks globally; and restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. The duration of hostilities and the vast array of sanctions and related events (including cyberattacks and espionage) cannot be predicted.
Additionally, the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, and resulting market volatility could also adversely affect the Fund’s business, operating results and financial condition. The extent and duration or escalation of the war and resulting future market disruptions are impossible to predict but could be significant. Any disruptions resulting from the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and any future conflict resulting from actual or threatened responses to such actions could cause disruptions to portfolio companies located in the Middle East or that have substantial business relationships with companies in the affected region.
These events present material uncertainty and risk with respect to markets globally, which pose potential adverse risks to us and the performance of our investments and operations. Any such market disruptions could affect our portfolio companies’ operations and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Sanctions and export control laws and regulations are complex, frequently changing, and increasing in number, and they may impose additional legal compliance costs or business risks associated with our operations.
We, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, the Adviser, and our portfolio companies may maintain cash balances at financial institutions that exceed federally insured limits and may otherwise be materially affected by adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults or
non-performance
by financial institutions or transactional counterparties.
Our cash and the cash of our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries and our Adviser is held in accounts at U.S. banking institutions that we believe are of high quality. Cash held by us, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser and by our portfolio companies in
non-interest-bearing
and interest-bearing operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. If such banking institutions were to fail, we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser, or our portfolio companies could lose all or a portion of those amounts held in excess of such insurance limitations. In addition, actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults,
non-performance
or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems, which could adversely affect our, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries’, our Adviser’s and our portfolio companies’ business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects.
Although we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries and our Adviser assess our and our portfolio companies’ banking relationships as we believe necessary or appropriate, our and our portfolio companies’ access to funding sources and other credit arrangements in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our respective current and projected future business operations could be significantly impaired by factors that affect us, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser or our portfolio companies, the financial institutions with which we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser or our portfolio companies have arrangements directly, or the financial services industry or economy in general. These factors could include, among others, events such as liquidity constraints or failures, the ability to perform obligations under various types of financial, credit or liquidity agreements or arrangements, disruptions or instability in the financial services industry or financial markets, or concerns or negative expectations about the prospects for companies in the financial services industry. These factors could involve financial institutions or financial services industry companies with which we, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser or our portfolio companies have financial or business relationships, but could also include factors involving financial markets or the financial services industry generally.
 
In addition, investor concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems could result in less favorable commercial financing terms, including higher interest rates or costs and tighter financial and operating covenants, or systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources, thereby making it more difficult for us, our wholly-owned direct subsidiaries, our Adviser, or our portfolio companies to acquire financing on acceptable terms or at all.
   
RISKS RELATING TO OUR SECURITIES [Member]      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]      
Risk [Text Block]
RISKS RELATING TO OUR SECURITIES
Investing in our Common Shares may involve an above average degree of risk.
The investments we may make may result in a higher amount of risk, volatility or loss of principal than alternative investment options. These investments in portfolio companies may be highly speculative and aggressive, and therefore, an investment in our Common Shares may not be suitable for investors with lower risk tolerance.
An investment in our Common Shares will have limited liquidity.
An investment in the Fund should be viewed as illiquid and requires a long-term commitment with no certainty of return. The market value of investments will fluctuate with, among other things, changes in market rates of interest, general economic conditions, economic conditions in particular industries, the condition of financial markets and the financial condition of the obligors of the investments. In addition, the lack of an established, liquid secondary market for some investments may have an adverse effect on the market value of those investments and on our ability to dispose of them. It is uncertain as to when profits, if any, will be realized. Losses on unsuccessful investments may be realized before gains on successful investments are realized.
 
59
Our Common Shares constitute illiquid investments for which there is not, and will likely not be, a secondary market at any time prior to a public offering and listing of our Common Shares on a national securities exchange. Although we may in the future, there can be no guarantee that we will conduct a public offering and list our Common Shares on a national securities exchange. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for sophisticated investors and requires the financial ability and willingness to accept the high risks and lack of liquidity inherent in an investment in the Fund. Except in limited circumstances for legal or regulatory purposes, shareholders are not entitled to redeem their Common Shares. Shareholders must be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our Common Shares for an extended period of time.
You may not receive distributions or our distributions may decline or may not grow over time.
We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results or maintain a tax status that will allow or require any specified level of cash distributions or
year-to-year
increases in cash distributions. In particular, our future distributions are dependent upon the investment income we receive on our portfolio investments. To the extent such investment income declines, our ability to pay future distributions may be harmed.
Our Common Shares are registered under the Exchange Act and therefore shareholders may be subject to certain filing requirements.
Because our Common Shares are registered under the Exchange Act, ownership information for any person who beneficially owns more than 5% of our Common Shares will have to be disclosed in a Schedule 13G or other filings with the SEC. Beneficial ownership for these purposes is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and includes having voting or investment power over the securities. In some circumstances, our shareholders who choose to reinvest their dividends may see their percentage stake in us increased to more than 5%, thus triggering this filing requirement. Each shareholder is responsible for determining their filing obligations and preparing the filings. In addition, our shareholders who hold more than 10% of a class of our Common Shares may be subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, which recaptures for our benefit profits from the purchase and sale of registered stock within a
six-month
period.
We do not currently intend for our Common Shares to be listed on any national securities exchange.
There is currently no public market for our Common Shares, and a market for our Common Shares may never develop. Our shareholders generally may not sell, assign or transfer their Common Shares without prior written consent of the Adviser, which the Adviser may grant or withhold in its sole discretion.
Except in limited circumstances for legal or regulatory purposes, our shareholders are not entitled to redeem their Common Shares. Our shareholders must be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our Common Shares for an indefinite period of time. While we may in the future undertake to list our securities on a national securities exchange, there can be no assurance that such a listing will be successfully completed. Furthermore, an exchange listing does not ensure that an actual market will develop for a listed security.
The foregoing list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks involved in an investment in the Fund. Each prospective Fund investor should read this entire prospectus and consult with its advisors before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Fund’s investment program develops and changes over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to additional and different risk factors.
   
RISKS RELATING TO OUR INVESTMENTS [Member]      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]      
Risk [Text Block]
RISKS RELATING TO OUR INVESTMENTS
Investment risks generally.
An investment in the Fund involves a high degree of risk, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost. Any losses of the Fund will be borne solely by the shareholders. The Fund will invest in portfolio companies using strategies and investment techniques with significant risk characteristics, including risks arising from the volatility of global financial markets, the risks of leverage, the potential illiquidity of portfolio investments and portfolio company default risks. No guarantee or representation is made that the Fund’s investment program will be successful, that the Fund will achieve its targeted returns, or that there will be any return of capital invested to shareholders.
 
Senior Secured Loans and Senior Secured Bonds.
There is a risk that any collateral pledged by portfolio companies in which we take a security interest may decrease in value over time or lose its entire value, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. Such risks have become more pronounced due to rising interest rates and market volatility. To the extent our debt investment is collateralized by the securities of a portfolio company’s subsidiaries, such securities may lose some or all of their value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the portfolio company. Also, in some circumstances, our security interest may be contractually or structurally subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the debt. Secured debt that is under-collateralized involves a greater risk of loss. In addition, second lien debt is granted a second priority security interest in collateral, which means that any realization of collateral will generally be applied to pay senior secured debt in full before second lien debt is paid. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
Unitranche Debt.
The Fund may also invest in unitranche debt, which is an instrument that combines senior secured debt and subordinated debt into a single debt instrument. Unitranche loans generally allow the borrower to make a large lump sum payment of principal at the end of the loan term, and there is a heightened risk of loss if the borrower is unable to pay the lump sum or refinance the amount owed at maturity. In addition, because unitranche loans are a newer form of debt instrument and they have not been fully evaluated through a credit cycle, they may subject the Fund to risks that cannot be fully identified at this time. Further, the complex terms of unitranche debt have not yet been widely tested in bankruptcy and workout situations. As a result, default and loss expectations are more difficult to estimate with respect to unitranche debt as compared to other forms of debt instruments such as senior loans and subordinated debt instruments. In particular, in a bankruptcy proceeding involving a unitranche loan, there is a risk that the entire unitranche loan will be viewed as a single secured claim. If the collateral is insufficient to secure the entire unitranche loan, it may be deemed as an unsecured claim in its entirety. The untested nature of unitranche loan arrangements also exposes the Fund to a heightened risk of litigation among the lender group in the event of bankruptcy.
Unfunded Loans.
The Fund’s investments may be comprised of loan commitments that are unfunded at the time of investment. A loan commitment is a written agreement in which the lender commits itself to make a loan or loans up to a specified amount within a specified time period. The loan commitment sets out the terms and conditions of the lender’s obligation to make the loans. The portion of the amount committed by a lender under a loan commitment that the borrower has not drawn down is referred to as “unfunded.” A lender typically is obligated to advance the unfunded amount of a loan commitment at the borrower’s request, subject to certain conditions regarding the creditworthiness of the borrower. Borrowers with deteriorating creditworthiness may continue to satisfy their contractual conditions and therefore be eligible to borrow at times when the lender might prefer not to lend. In addition, a lender may have assumptions as to when a company in which the Fund invests may draw on an unfunded loan commitment when the lender enters into the commitment. If the borrower does not draw as expected, the commitment may not prove as attractive an investment as originally anticipated. Further, any failure to advance requested funds to a company in which the Fund invests could result in possible assertions of offsets against amounts previously lent.
 
Loan Syndication Risk.
The Fund may originate loans with the intention of selling a portion of the Fund’s interests in such loans to
co-investors
and/or third parties. In the event that the Fund does not or is unable to syndicate a loan or loans, the Fund may be forced to retain larger amounts of such loan or loans than originally intended. In such event, the Fund’s investment portfolio could become significantly concentrated in a particular loan or loans. In addition, the Adviser may receive fees as a result of the loan syndication. Unlike other fees described herein, which might be shared with the Fund through reductions or offsets against the Management Fees, syndication fees are retained by the Adviser.
The Fund has formed AMG Comvest Senior Lending Blocker MF SPV, LLC (“Subsidiary I”), Subsidiary II, and AMG Comvest SLF California, LLC (“Subsidiary III”), each a wholly-owned subsidiary (each of Subsidiary I, Subsidiary II, and Subsidiary III, a “Subsidiary,” and together with any additional wholly-owned and/or controlled (as defined in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act) subsidiaries, the “Subsidiaries”). The Fund complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing investment policies (Section 8) on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiaries. The Fund also complies with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing capital structure and leverage (Section 18) in respect of each Subsidiary (i.e., any borrowings of Subsidiary II are considered borrowings of the Fund for purposes of complying with the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act) and will comply with such requirements in respect of any newly formed Subsidiary on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiaries so that the Fund treats the Subsidiaries’ debt as its own for purposes of Section 18. In addition, any such Subsidiary complies (or will comply) with the 1940 Act provisions related to affiliated transactions and custody (Section 17). Any investment adviser to the Subsidiaries complies (or will comply) with provisions of the 1940 Act relating to investment advisory contracts (Section 15) as if it were an investment adviser to the Fund under Section 2(a)(20) of the 1940 Act.
Subordinated Debt.
Our subordinated debt investments will generally rank junior in priority of payment to senior debt and will generally be unsecured. This may result in a heightened level of risk and volatility or a loss of principal, which could lead to the loss of the entire investment. These investments may involve additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns. To the extent interest payments associated with such debt are deferred, such debt may be subject to greater fluctuations in valuations, and such debt could subject us and our shareholders to
non-cash
income. Because we will not receive any principal repayments prior to the maturity of some of our subordinated debt investments, such investments will be of greater risk than amortizing loans.
Equity Investments.
We may make select equity investments. In addition, in connection with our debt investments, we on occasion may receive equity interests such as warrants or options as additional consideration. The equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Preferred Securities.
Investments in preferred securities involve certain risks. Certain preferred securities contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distribution, the Fund may be required to include the amount of the deferred distribution in its taxable income for tax purposes although it does not currently receive such amount in cash. In order to receive the special treatment accorded to RICs and their shareholders under the Code and to avoid U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes at the Fund level, the Fund may be required to distribute this income to shareholders in the tax year in which the income is recognized (without a corresponding receipt of cash). Therefore, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution in any such tax year an amount greater than the total amount of cash income the Fund actually received, and to sell portfolio securities, including at potentially disadvantageous times
 
or prices, to obtain cash needed for these income distributions. Preferred securities often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuer’s call. In the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Preferred securities may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common stocks, corporate debt securities and U.S. government securities.
Non-U.S. Securities.
We may invest in
non-U.S. securities,
which may include securities denominated in U.S. dollars or in
non-U.S. currencies,
to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Because evidence of ownership of such securities usually is held outside the United States, we would be subject to additional risks if we invested in
non-U.S. securities,
which include possible adverse political and economic developments, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits and adoption of governmental restrictions, which might adversely affect or restrict the payment of principal and interest on the
non-U.S. securities
to shareholders located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Because
non-U.S. securities
may be purchased with and payable in foreign currencies, the value of these assets as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected unfavorably by changes in currency rates and exchange control regulations.
Loans Risk.
The loans that the Fund may invest in include loans that are first lien, second lien, third lien or that are unsecured. In addition, the loans the Fund will invest in will usually be rated below investment grade or may also be unrated. Loans are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in herein, including credit risk, liquidity risk, below investment grade instruments risk and management risk.
Although certain loans in which the Fund may invest will be secured by collateral, there can be no assurance that such collateral could be readily liquidated or that the liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of
non-payment
of scheduled interest or principal. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a loan. In the event of a decline in the value of the already pledged collateral, if the terms of a loan do not require the borrower to pledge additional collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the value of the collateral will not at all times equal or exceed the amount of the borrower’s obligations under the loans. To the extent that a loan is collateralized by stock in the borrower or its subsidiaries, such stock may lose some or all of its value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the borrower. Those loans that are under-collateralized involve a greater risk of loss.
Further, there is a risk that any collateral pledged by portfolio companies in which the Fund has taken a security interest may decrease in value over time or lose its entire value, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. To the extent the Fund’s debt investment is collateralized by the securities of a portfolio company’s subsidiaries, such securities may lose some or all of their value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the portfolio company. Also, in some circumstances, the Fund’s security interest may be contractually or structurally subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the debt. Secured debt that is under-collateralized involves a greater risk of loss. In addition, second lien debt is granted a second priority security interest in collateral, which means that any realization of collateral will generally be applied to pay senior secured debt in full before second lien debt is paid. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that the Fund will receive principal and interest
 
payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that the Fund will be able to collect on the debt should it be forced to enforce remedies.
Loans are not registered with the SEC, or any state securities commission, and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act or registered under the Exchange Act. No active trading market may exist for some loans, and some loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of its loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely-traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of loans, the Fund’s yield may be lower.
Some loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could subordinate the loans to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower or take other action detrimental to lenders, including the Fund. Such court action could under certain circumstances include invalidation of loans.
If legislation of state or federal regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of loans for investment by the Fund may be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain borrowers. This would increase the risk of default.
If legislation or federal or state regulations require financial institutions to increase their capital requirements this may cause financial institutions to dispose of loans that are considered highly levered transactions. Such sales could result in prices that, in the opinion of the Adviser, do not represent fair value. If the Fund attempts to sell a loan at a time when a financial institution is engaging in such a sale, the price the Fund could get for the loan may be adversely affected.
The Fund may acquire loans through assignments or participations. The Fund will typically acquire loans through assignment. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the purchaser’s rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution, and the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral.
A participation typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution selling the participation interest, not with the borrower. Sellers of participations typically include banks, broker-dealers, other financial institutions and lending institutions. Certain participation agreements also include the option to convert the participation to a full assignment under agreed upon circumstances.
In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation. Further, in purchasing participations in lending syndicates, the Fund will not be able to conduct the due diligence on the borrower or the quality of the loan with respect to which it is buying a participation that the Fund would otherwise conduct if it were investing directly in the loan, which may result in the Fund being exposed to greater credit or fraud risk with respect to the borrower or the loan than the Fund expected when initially purchasing the participation.
 
The Fund also may originate loans or acquire loans by participating in the initial issuance of the loan as part of a syndicate of banks and financial institutions, or receive its interest in a loan directly from the borrower.
Junior, Unsecured Securities.
Our strategy may entail acquiring securities that are junior or unsecured instruments. While this approach can facilitate obtaining control and then adding value through active management, it also means that certain of the Fund’s investments may be unsecured. If a portfolio company becomes financially distressed or insolvent and does not successfully reorganize, we will have no assurance (compared to those distressed securities investors that acquire only fully collateralized positions) that we will recover any of the principal that we have invested. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should it be forced to enforce its remedies.
While such junior or unsecured investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking more senior to such investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, our ability to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under typical subordination terms, senior creditors are able to block the acceleration of the junior debt or the exercise by junior debt holders of other rights they may have as creditors. Accordingly, we may not be able to take steps to protect investments in a timely manner or at all, and there can be no assurance that our rate of return objectives or any particular investment will be achieved. In addition, the debt securities in which we will invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and are not expected to be rated by a credit rating agency.
Early repayments of our investments may have a material adverse effect on our investment objectives. In addition, depending on fluctuations of the equity markets and other factors, warrants and other equity investments may become worthless.
There can be no assurance that attempts to provide downside protection through contractual or structural terms with respect to our investments will achieve their desired effect and potential investors should regard an investment in us as being speculative and having a high degree of risk. Furthermore, we have limited flexibility to negotiate terms when purchasing newly issued investments in connection with a syndication of mezzanine or certain other junior or subordinated investments or in the secondary market.
Mezzanine Loans.
Our mezzanine debt securities generally will have ratings or implied or imputed ratings below investment grade. They will be obligations of corporations, partnerships or other entities that are generally unsecured, typically are subordinated to other obligations of the obligor and generally have greater credit and liquidity risk than is typically associated with investment grade corporate obligations. Accordingly, the risks associated with mezzanine debt securities include a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including a sustained period of rising interest rates or an economic downturn) may adversely affect the obligor’s ability to pay principal and interest on its debt. Many obligors on mezzanine debt securities are highly leveraged, and specific developments affecting such obligors, including reduced cash flow from operations or the inability to refinance debt at maturity, may also adversely affect such obligors’ ability to meet debt service obligations. Mezzanine debt securities are often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations, in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. Default rates for mezzanine debt securities have historically been higher than has been the case for investment grade securities.
 
A portion of the loans in which we may invest may be covenant-lite loans.
We may invest in, or obtain exposure to, obligations that may be “covenant-lite,” which means such obligations lack certain financial maintenance covenants. While these loans may still contain other collateral protections, a covenant-lite loan may carry more risk than a covenant-heavy loan made by the same borrower, as it does not require the borrower to provide affirmation that certain specific financial tests have been satisfied on a routine basis as is required under a covenant-heavy loan agreement. Should a loan we hold begin to deteriorate in quality, our ability to negotiate with the borrower may be delayed under a covenant-lite loan compared to a loan with full maintenance covenants. This may in turn delay our ability to seek to recover its investment.
Bridge Financings.
From time to time, we may lend to portfolio companies on a short-term, unsecured basis or otherwise invest on an interim basis in portfolio companies in anticipation of a future issuance of equity or long-term debt securities or other refinancing or syndication. Such bridge loans would typically be convertible into a more permanent, long-term security; however, for reasons not always in the Fund’s control, such long-term securities issuance or other refinancing or syndication may not occur and such bridge loans and interim investments may remain outstanding. In such event, the interest rate on such loans or the terms of such interim investments may not adequately reflect the risk associated with the position taken by the Fund.
Restructurings.
Investments in companies in workouts or bankruptcies present additional legal risks, including fraudulent conveyance, voidable preference and equitable subordination risks. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. There is no assurance that we will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing our loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action.
Breach of Covenant.
The Fund will generally seek to obtain structural, covenant and other contractual protections with respect to the terms of its investments as determined appropriate under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that such attempts to provide downside protection with respect to its investments will achieve their desired effect and potential investors should regard an investment in the Fund as being speculative and having a high degree of risk.
Our investments in portfolio companies may be risky, and we could lose all or part of any of our investments.
Investments in middle market businesses are highly speculative and involve a high degree of risk of credit loss. These risks are likely to increase during volatile economic periods, such as the U.S. and many other economies have recently experienced. Among other things, these companies:
 
   
may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt instruments that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees from subsidiaries or affiliates of our portfolio companies that we may have obtained in connection with our investment, as well as a corresponding decrease in the value of any equity components of our investments;
 
   
may have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines, smaller market shares and/or more significant customer concentrations than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;
 
   
are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us;
 
   
generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence;
 
   
may be targets of cybersecurity or other technological risks;
 
   
may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position; and
 
   
generally have less publicly available information about their businesses, operations and financial condition.
In addition, in the course of providing significant managerial assistance to certain of our eligible portfolio companies, certain of our officers and Trustees may serve as directors on the boards of such companies, to the extent permitted under applicable law. We will be entitled to any fees payable by any of our portfolio companies for the services of our officers or Trustees as directors thereof. To the extent that litigation arises out of our investments in these companies, our officers and Trustees may be named as defendants in such litigation, which could result in an expenditure of funds (through our indemnification of such officers and Trustees) and the diversion of management time and resources.
Our investment strategy, which is focused primarily on privately held companies, presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies.
We invest primarily in privately held companies. There is generally little public information about these companies, and, as a result, we must rely on the ability of the Adviser to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from, and risks related to, investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments. Also, privately held companies frequently have less diverse product lines and smaller market presence than larger competitors. They are, thus, generally more vulnerable to economic downturns and may experience substantial variations in operating results. These factors could adversely affect our investment returns.
Our investments in securities rated below investment grade are speculative in nature and are subject to additional risk factors such as increased possibility of default, illiquidity of the security, and changes in value based on changes in interest rates.
Our investments are almost entirely rated below investment grade or may be unrated, which are often referred to as “leveraged loans”, “high yield” or “junk” securities, and may be considered “high risk” compared to debt instruments that are rated investment grade. High yield securities are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations and involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. In addition, high yield securities generally offer a higher current yield than that available from higher grade issues, but typically involve greater risk. These securities are especially sensitive to adverse changes in general economic conditions, to changes in the financial condition of their issuers and to price fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates.
During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, issuers of below investment grade instruments may experience financial stress that could adversely affect their ability to make payments of principal and interest and increase the possibility of default.
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries, which may subject us to a risk of significant loss if there is a downturn in a particular industry in which a number of our investments are concentrated.
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries. A downturn in any particular industry in which we are invested could significantly impact the portfolio companies operating in that industry, and accordingly, the aggregate returns that we realize from our investment in such portfolio companies.
 
Specifically, companies in the business services industry are subject to general economic downturns and business cycles, and will often suffer reduced revenues and rate pressures during periods of economic uncertainty. In addition, companies in the software industry often have narrow product lines and small market shares. Because of rapid technological change, the average selling prices of products and some services provided by software companies have historically decreased over their productive lives. As a result, the average selling prices of products and services offered by software companies in which we invest may decrease over time. If an industry in which we have significant investments suffers from adverse business or economic conditions, as these industries have to varying degrees, a material portion of our investment portfolio could be affected adversely, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
Defaults by our portfolio companies may harm our operating results.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that we hold.
We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company. In addition, lenders in certain cases can be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by them when they become too involved in the borrower’s business or exercise control over a borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lender’s liability claim, including as a result of actions taken if we render significant managerial assistance to the borrower. Furthermore, if one of our portfolio companies were to file for bankruptcy protection, even though we may have structured our investment as senior secured debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might
re-characterize
our debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to claims of other creditors.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
We invest, and will continue to invest, in companies whose securities are not publicly traded and whose securities will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired. In addition, if we are required or otherwise choose to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments. Our investments are usually subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid because there is usually no established trading market for such investments. Because most of our investments are illiquid, we may be unable to dispose of them in which case we could fail to qualify as a RIC and/or a BDC, or we may be unable to do so at a favorable price, and, as a result, we may suffer losses.
Price declines and illiquidity in the corporate debt markets may adversely affect the fair value of our portfolio investments, reducing our NAV through increased net unrealized losses.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board. For purposes of the 1940 Act, the Board has designated the Adviser as the Fund’s “valuation designee” under
Rule 2a-5
under the 1940 Act. The Board provides oversight of the Adviser’s fair value determinations of the Fund’s portfolio investments on a monthly basis in good faith, including investments that are not publicly traded and those whose market prices are not readily available. As part of the valuation process, the Adviser may take into account the following types of factors, if relevant, in determining the fair value of our investments:
 
   
a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to publicly traded securities;
 
   
the enterprise value of a portfolio company;
 
   
the nature and realizable value of any collateral;
 
   
the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flow;
 
   
the markets in which the portfolio company does business; and
 
   
changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets generally that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made in the future and other relevant factors.
When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent sale occurs, we will use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate our valuation. We will record decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments as unrealized loss. Declines in prices and liquidity in the corporate debt markets may result in significant net unrealized losses in our portfolio. The effect of all of these factors on our portfolio may reduce our NAV by increasing net unrealized loss in our portfolio. Depending on market conditions, we could incur substantial realized losses and may suffer additional unrealized losses in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If we are unable to make
follow-on
investments in our portfolio companies, the value of our investment portfolio could be adversely affected.
Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as
“follow-on”
investments, in order to (i) increase or maintain in whole or in part our equity ownership percentage, (ii) exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing or (iii) attempt to preserve or enhance the value of our investment. We may elect not to make
follow-on
investments or may otherwise lack sufficient funds to make these investments. We have the discretion to make
follow-on
investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. If we fail to make
follow-on
investments, the continued viability of a portfolio company and our investment may, in some circumstances, be jeopardized and we could miss an opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired
follow-on
investment, we may elect not to make a
follow-on
investment because we may not want to increase our concentration of risk, either because we prefer other opportunities or because we are subject to BDC requirements that would prevent such
follow-on
investments or such
follow-on
investments would adversely impact our ability to maintain our RIC status.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
We can invest in portfolio companies at all levels of the capital structure. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt in which we invest.
By their terms, these debt instruments may entitle the holders to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. In addition, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution. After repaying the senior creditors, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
The disposition of our investments may result in contingent liabilities.
Most of our investments involve private securities. In connection with the disposition of an investment in private securities, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of the
 
portfolio company typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations turn out to be inaccurate or with respect to certain potential liabilities. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities that ultimately yield funding obligations that must be satisfied through our return of certain distributions previously made to us.
There may be circumstances where our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
Even though we may have structured certain of our investments as senior loans, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might
re-characterize
our debt investment and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors. We may also be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by us with respect to a borrower’s business or instances where we exercise control over the borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lender’s liability claim, including as a result of actions taken in rendering significant managerial assistance.
We may enter into repurchase agreements or reverse repurchase agreements.
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we may invest in repurchase agreements as a buyer for investment purposes. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by us of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that we will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future for the purchase price plus premium (which often reflects the interests). We do not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, we could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (1) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which we seek to enforce its rights thereto; (2) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (3) expenses of enforcing its rights. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, we generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of our right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, we could suffer a loss.
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we invest in repurchase agreements as a seller, also known as a “reverse repurchase agreement.” Our use of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks involved in our use of leverage, as the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements generally will be invested in additional portfolio investments. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired in the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities that we have sold but remains obligated to repurchase. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experiences insolvency, we may be adversely affected. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, we would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the underlying securities. In addition, due to the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions, our NAV will decline, and, in some cases, we may be worse off than if we had not used such instruments.
We generally do not control our portfolio companies.
We generally do not control most of our portfolio companies, even though we may have board representation or board observation rights, and our debt agreements may contain certain restrictive covenants that limit the business and operations of our portfolio companies. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio
 
company may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity of the investments that we typically hold in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event that we disagree with the actions of a portfolio company as readily as we would otherwise like to or at favorable prices which could decrease the value of our investments.
Economic recessions, downturns or government spending cuts could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
Many of our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay its debt investments during these periods. Therefore, our
non-performing
assets are likely to increase, and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our debt investments and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
Inflation could adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of our portfolio companies.
Certain of our portfolio companies are in industries that could be impacted by inflation. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs of operations along to their customers, it could adversely affect their operating results and impact their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans, particularly if interest rates rise in response to inflation. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future realized or unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations.
We may invest in derivatives or other assets that expose us to certain risks, including market risk, liquidity risk and other risks similar to those associated with the use of leverage.
The Fund may invest in derivatives and other assets that are subject to many of the same types of risks related to the use of leverage. In October 2020, the SEC adopted Rule
18f-4
under the 1940 Act regarding the ability of a BDC to use derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations. Under Rule
18f-4,
BDCs that use derivatives are subject to a
value-at-risk
leverage limit, a derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These requirements apply unless the BDC qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined under Rule
18f-4.
Under Rule
18f-4,
a BDC may enter into an unfunded commitment agreement (which may include delayed draw and revolving loans) that will not be deemed to be a derivatives transaction, such as an agreement to provide financing to a portfolio company, if the BDC has, among other things, a reasonable belief, at the time it enters into such an agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as it becomes due. Collectively, these requirements may limit the Fund’s ability to use derivatives and/or enter into certain other financial contracts.
The Fund has adopted updated policies and procedures in compliance with Rule
18f-4.
The Fund expects to qualify as a “limited derivatives user.” Future legislation or rules may modify how the Fund treats derivatives and other financial arrangements for purposes of the Fund’s compliance with the leverage limitations of the 1940 Act. Future legislation or rules may modify how leverage is calculated under the 1940 Act and, therefore, may increase or decrease the amount of leverage currently available to the Fund under the 1940 Act, which may be materially adverse to the Fund and the Fund’s investors.
 
Risks associated with leverage.
The Fund may make use of leverage by incurring debt to finance a portion of its investment in a given portfolio company. Leverage generally magnifies both the Fund’s opportunities for gain and its risk of loss with regard to the Fund’s portfolio of investments. The cost and availability of leverage are highly dependent on the state of the broader credit markets (and such credit markets may be impacted by regulatory restrictions and guidelines), which state is difficult to accurately forecast, and at times it may be difficult to obtain or maintain the desired degree of leverage. The use of leverage will also result in interest expense and other costs to the Fund that may not be covered by distributions made to the Fund or appreciation of its investments. In a down market, leverage is likely to accelerate and magnify declines in the value of the Fund’s investments. The use of leverage exposes the Fund to additional risk including (i) greater losses from investments than would otherwise have been the case had the Fund not used leverage to make the investments; (ii) collateral requirements that may force premature liquidations of investment positions; and (iii) losses on investments where the investment fails to earn a return that equals or exceeds the Fund’s cost of leverage related to such investment. In the event of a sudden drop in value of the Fund’s assets, the Fund might not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to repay its borrowings, further magnifying the losses incurred by the Fund. The Fund may also borrow money or guarantee indebtedness (such as a guarantee of a portfolio company’s debt). In addition, to the extent the Fund incurs leverage, such amounts may be secured by the Fund’s aggregated committed capital. The terms of any debt incurred by the Fund may require that the lender be repaid on a priority basis prior to any distributions by the Fund. In addition, lenders to the Fund may have a security interest in the assets of the Fund. Any such lender may also hold liens granted by the Fund on its assets. In the event of an unremedied default by the Fund under any such arrangement, a lender may have the right to receive and take possession of, and then to liquidate, its pro rata interest of each asset of the Fund.
We may be subject to additional risks if we invest in foreign securities and/or engage in hedging transactions.
The 1940 Act generally requires that 70.0% of our investments be in issuers each of whom is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands or any other possession of the United States. Our investment strategy does not presently contemplate significant investments in securities of
non-U.S. companies.
However, we may desire to make such investments, to the extent that such transactions and investments are permitted under the 1940 Act. We expect that these investments would focus on the same types of investments that we make in U.S. middle market companies and accordingly would be complementary to our overall strategy and enhance the diversity of our holdings. Investing in foreign companies could expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility. Investments denominated in foreign currencies would be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but we can offer no assurance that we will, in fact, hedge currency risk, or that if we do, such strategies will be effective.
Engaging in hedging transactions would also, indirectly, entail additional risks to our shareholders. Although it is not currently anticipated that we would engage in hedging transactions as a principal investment strategy, if we determined to engage in hedging transactions, we generally would seek to hedge against fluctuations of the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in market interest rates or currency exchange rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions would not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of the positions declined.
 
However, such hedging could establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions.
These hedging transactions could also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions increased. Moreover, it might not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation that was so generally anticipated that we would not be able to enter into a hedging transaction at an acceptable price. If we choose to engage in hedging transactions, there can be no assurances that we will achieve the intended benefits of such transactions and, depending on the degree of exposure such transactions could create, such transactions may expose us to risk of loss.
While we may enter into these types of transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates could result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged could vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we might not seek to establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any imperfect correlation could prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it might not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in
non-U.S. currencies
because the value of those securities would likely fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations.
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies subject us to foreign currency risks.
We may hold or acquire assets or make borrowings denominated in other foreign currencies, which exposes us to foreign currency risk. As a result, a change in foreign currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on the valuation of our assets or liabilities, as well as our income and cash flows. As a result of foreign currency fluctuations, the value of our liabilities and expenses may increase or the value of our assets and income may decrease due to factors outside of our control, which can have a negative effect on our NAV and cash available for distribution. Any such changes in foreign currency exchange rates may impact the measurement of such assets or liabilities for purposes of maintaining RIC tax treatment or the requirements under the 1940 Act. We may seek to hedge against currency exchange rate fluctuations by using financial instruments such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, but there is no guarantee such efforts will be successful and such hedging strategies create additional costs.
Prepayment Risk.
Loans are generally prepayable in whole or in part at any time at the option of the obligor at par plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, and occasionally plus a prepayment premium. Prepayments on loans may be caused by a variety of factors which are often difficult to predict. Consequently, there exists a risk that loans purchased at a price greater than par may experience a capital loss as a result of such a prepayment. When credit market conditions become more attractive to obligors, the rate of prepayment of the Fund’s assets would be expected to increase as obligors refinance to take advantage of such improved conditions, which may negatively impact the Fund. Additionally, the Fund may be unable to reinvest any prepaid loan amounts into other similarly situated investment opportunities or at all. To the extent early prepayments increase, they may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s investment objectives and profits.
Priority of Repayment.
The characterization of an investment as senior debt or senior secured debt does not mean that such debt will necessarily have repayment priority with respect to all other obligations of a borrower. Borrowers may have, and/or may be permitted to incur, other debt and liabilities that rank equally with or senior to the senior loans in which the Fund invests. If other indebtedness is incurred that ranks in parity in right of payment or proceeds of
 
collateral with respect to senior loans in which the Fund invests, the Fund would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors in the event of a liquidation, reorganization, insolvency, dissolution or bankruptcy of such a borrower. Where the Fund holds a first lien to secure senior indebtedness, the borrowers may be permitted to issue other senior loans with liens that rank junior to the first liens granted to the Fund. The intercreditor rights of the holders of such other junior lien debt may, in any liquidation, reorganization, insolvency, dissolution or bankruptcy of such a borrower, affect the recovery that the Fund would have been able to achieve in the absence of such other debt.
Even where the senior loans held by the Fund are secured by a perfected lien over a substantial portion of the assets of a borrower and its subsidiaries, the borrower and its subsidiaries will often be able to incur a substantial amount of additional indebtedness, which may have an exclusive lien over particular assets. For example, debt and other liabilities incurred by
non-guarantor
subsidiaries of borrowers will be structurally senior to the debt held by the Fund. Accordingly, any such debt and other liabilities of such subsidiaries would, in the event of liquidation, dissolution, insolvency, reorganization or bankruptcy of such subsidiary, be repaid in full before any distributions to an obligor of the loans held by the Fund. Furthermore, these other assets over which other lenders have a lien may be substantially more liquid or valuable than the assets over which the Fund has a lien. The Fund’s investments in second-lien secured debt would further compound the risks described in this paragraph.
Enforcement Delays.
The terms of the Fund’s investments may provide that the Fund is not able to bring an enforcement action against the relevant borrower until a prescribed period after a default by that borrower has elapsed. The financial strength of the borrower may, however, continue to deteriorate during this standstill period, thereby potentially affecting the Fund’s ability to recover all (or any) of their investment.
Fraud, Misrepresentation or Omission by a Borrower.
The value of an investment made by the Fund may be affected by fraud, misrepresentation or omission on the part of the borrower to which the loan relates, by parties related to the borrower or by other parties to the loan (or related collateral and security arrangements). Such fraud, misrepresentation or omission may adversely affect the value of the collateral underlying the loan in question or may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to enforce their contractual rights under the loan or for the borrower of the loan to repay the loan or interest on it or its other debts.
Assignments.
The Fund may also purchase assignments, which are arrangements whereby a creditor assigns an interest in a loan to the Fund. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assignor of the loan and becomes a lender under the loan agreement and other operative agreements relating to the portfolio investment. Assignments are, however, arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assignor of the loan. In contrast to the rights of the Fund as an owner of a participation, as described below, the Fund, as an assignee, will generally have the right to receive directly from the obligor all payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled. In some assignments, the obligor may have the right to continue to make payments to the assignor with respect to the assigned portion of the loan. In such a case, the assignor would be obligated to receive such payments as agent for the Fund and to promptly pay over to the Fund such amounts as are received. As a purchaser of an assignment, the Fund typically will have the same voting rights as other lenders under the applicable loan agreement and will have the right to vote to waive enforcement of breaches of covenants. The Fund will also have the same rights as other lenders to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan agreement, to set off claims against the obligor and to have recourse to collateral supporting the portfolio investment. As a
 
result, the Fund may not bear the credit risk of the assignor and the insolvency of an assignor of a loan should have little effect on the ability of the Fund to continue to receive payments of principal, interest or fees from the obligor. The Fund will, however, assume the credit risk of the obligor.
Loan Participations.
The Fund may invest in loans acquired through assignment or participations. In purchasing a participation, the Fund may only have a contractual relationship with the selling institution, and not the borrower. The Fund generally will have no right directly to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of any such loan agreement, nor any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, nor will it have the right to object to certain changes to the loan agreement agreed to by the selling institution. The Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the related secured loan and may not be subject to any rights of
set-off
the borrower has against the selling institution. In the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the secured loan. Consequently, the Fund may be subject to the credit risk of the selling institution as well as of the borrower.
Warrants.
The Fund may receive warrants and, in certain circumstances, may be required to exercise such warrants in order to hold the underlying securities. The Fund would seek to negotiate “cashless” exercise for all warrants that it receives, whereby no investment will be required to convert;
however
, on occasion it may not be possible to negotiate such “cashless” exercise, and the Fund may be required to invest cash to convert warrants and hold underlying securities, which may subsequently lose some or all of their value.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) Risk.
The Fund faces increasing public scrutiny related to ESG activities. The Fund risks damage to its brand and reputation if it fails to act responsibly with respect to environmental stewardship, corporate governance and transparency and considering ESG factors in its investment processes. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG activities could impact the value of the Fund’s brand, the cost of its operations and relationships with shareholders, all of which could adversely affect the business and results of operations. Additionally, new regulatory initiatives related to ESG could adversely affect the Fund’s business.
   
Class S Shares [Member]      
Fee Table [Abstract]      
Sales Load [Percent] [3] 0.00%    
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] [4] 2.00%    
Management Fees [Percent] [5],[6] 1.25%    
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] [6],[7] 7.45%    
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] [6],[8] 0.85%    
Incentive Fees [Percent] [6],[9] 0.21%    
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] [6] 0.02%    
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] [6],[10] 0.25%    
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] [6],[11] 1.69%    
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] [6] 11.72%    
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] [6],[11] (0.50%)    
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] [6] 11.22%    
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]      
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class S    
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] 0    
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] 0    
Class S Shares [Member] | Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a 1000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0 Percentage net return comprised solely of capital gains [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 114    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 328    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 511    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 864    
Class S Shares [Member] | Total Cumulative Expenses You Would Pay On A 1000 Investment Assuming A Reinvested 5.0 Percentage Net Return Comprised Solely Of Investment Income [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 109    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 314    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 493    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 844    
Class F Shares [Member]      
Fee Table [Abstract]      
Sales Load [Percent] [3] 0.00%    
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] [4] 2.00%    
Management Fees [Percent] [5],[6] 1.25%    
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] [6],[7] 7.45%    
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] [6],[8] 0.50%    
Incentive Fees [Percent] [6],[9] 0.21%    
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] [6] 0.02%    
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] [6],[10] 0.25%    
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] [6],[11] 1.69%    
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] [6] 11.37%    
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] [6],[11] (0.50%)    
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] [6] 10.87%    
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]      
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class F    
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] 0    
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] 0    
Class F Shares [Member] | Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a 1000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0 Percentage net return comprised solely of capital gains [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 111    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 320    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 501    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 853    
Class F Shares [Member] | Total Cumulative Expenses You Would Pay On A 1000 Investment Assuming A Reinvested 5.0 Percentage Net Return Comprised Solely Of Investment Income [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 105    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 306    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 482    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 832    
Class I Shares [Member]      
Fee Table [Abstract]      
Sales Load [Percent] [3] 0.00%    
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] [4] 2.00%    
Management Fees [Percent] [5],[6] 1.25%    
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] [6],[7] 7.45%    
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] [6],[8] 0.00%    
Incentive Fees [Percent] [6],[9] 0.21%    
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] [6] 0.02%    
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] [6],[10] 0.25%    
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] [6],[11] 1.69%    
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] [6] 10.87%    
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] [6],[11] (0.50%)    
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] [6] 10.37%    
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]      
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class I    
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] 0    
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] 10,715,272.62    
Class I Shares [Member] | Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a 1000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0 Percentage net return comprised solely of capital gains [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 107    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 309    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 486    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 837    
Class I Shares [Member] | Total Cumulative Expenses You Would Pay On A 1000 Investment Assuming A Reinvested 5.0 Percentage Net Return Comprised Solely Of Investment Income [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 101    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 295    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 466    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 815    
Class D Shares [Member]      
Fee Table [Abstract]      
Sales Load [Percent] [3] 0.00%    
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] [4] 2.00%    
Management Fees [Percent] [5],[6] 1.25%    
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] [6],[7] 7.45%    
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] [6],[8] 0.25%    
Incentive Fees [Percent] [6],[9] 0.21%    
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] [6] 0.02%    
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] [6],[10] 0.25%    
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] [6],[11] 1.69%    
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] [6] 11.12%    
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] [6],[11] (0.50%)    
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] [6] 10.62%    
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]      
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class D    
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] 0    
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] 0    
Class D Shares [Member] | Total cumulative expenses you would pay on a 1000 investment assuming a reinvested 5.0 Percentage net return comprised solely of capital gains [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 109    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 315    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 494    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 845    
Class D Shares [Member] | Total Cumulative Expenses You Would Pay On A 1000 Investment Assuming A Reinvested 5.0 Percentage Net Return Comprised Solely Of Investment Income [Member]      
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]      
Expense Example, Year 01 103    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 300    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 474    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 824    
Common Shares [Member]      
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]      
Security Title [Text Block] Common Shares    
Security Dividends [Text Block] Dividends and distributions may be paid to the holders of Common Shares if, as and when authorized by the Board and declared by the Fund out of funds legally available therefore.    
Security Voting Rights [Text Block] Subject to the rights of holders of any other class or series of Common Shares, each share of Common Shares will be entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of trustees. Except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of classified or reclassified shares, and subject to the express terms ofany class or series of preferred shares, the holders of the Common Shares will possess exclusive voting power. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of trustees. Subject to the special rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred shares to elect trustees, each trustee will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast with respect to such trustee’s election except in the case of a “contested election” (as defined in the Fund’s Bylaws), in which case trustees will be elected by a majority of the votes cast in the contested election of trustees.    
Security Liquidation Rights [Text Block] In the event of the Fund’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of the Common Shares would be entitled to share pro rata in all of the Fund’s assets that are legally available for distribution after it pays all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of its preferred shares, if any preferred shares are outstanding at such time.    
Security Preemptive and Other Rights [Text Block] Except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of classified or reclassified Common Shares or as may otherwise be provided by contract approved by the Board, no shareholder shall have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional Common Shares of the Fund or any other security of the Fund that it may issue or sell. Shareholders of the Fund are not entitled to require the Fund to repurchase or redeem Common Shares of the Fund.    
Secured Borrowing [Member]      
Financial Highlights [Abstract]      
Senior Securities Amount   $ 63,237 $ 0
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit [1]   $ 1,910 $ 0
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference [2]   $ 0 $ 0
Preferred Shares [Member]      
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]      
Security Title [Text Block] Preferred Shares    
[1] Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the carrying value of our total assets, less all liabilities excluding indebtedness represented by senior securities in this table, to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness and is calculated on a consolidated basis.
[2] The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon the voluntary liquidation of the issuer in preference to any security junior to it. The “-” in this column indicates that the SEC expressly does not require this information to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities.
[3] No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares, or Class F shares; however, if you buy Class S shares, Class D shares or Class F shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that they limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares, a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and a 2.0% cap on NAV for Class F shares. Please consult your selling agent for additional information.
[4] Under our share repurchase program, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year may be subject to a fee of 2.0% of NAV. The one-year holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived, at our discretion, in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
[5] The management fee is payable quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.25% of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable quarter adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable quarter.
[6] Weighted average net assets employed as the denominator for expense ratio computation is $350 million. Actual net assets will depend on the number of Common Shares we actually sell, realized gains/losses, unrealized appreciation/ depreciation and share repurchase activity, if any.
[7] We may borrow funds to make investments, including before we have fully invested the proceeds of this continuous offering. To the extent that we determine it is appropriate to borrow funds to make investments,the costs associated with such borrowing will be indirectly borne by shareholders. The figure in the table assumes that we borrow for investment purposes an amount equal to 100% of our weighted average net assets in the initial 12-month period of the offering, and that the average annual cost of borrowings, including the amortization of cost associated with obtaining borrowings and unused commitment fees, on the amount borrowed is 7.95%. Our ability to incur leverage during the 12 months following the commencement of this offering depends, in large part, on the amount of money we are able to raise through the sale of shares registered in this offering and the availability of financing in the market.
[8] Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we will also pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the Managing Dealer and/or a participating broker: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares, (b) for Class D shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, and (c) for Class F shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.50% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class F shares, in each case, payable monthly. No shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees will be paid with respect to the Class I shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S, Class D and Class F shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. In addition, consistent with the Multi-Class Order, at the end of the month in which the Managing Dealer in conjunction with the Transfer Agent determines that total transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, and shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees paid would exceed, in the aggregate, 10% of the gross proceeds of the Fund (or a lower limit as determined by the Managing Dealer or the applicable selling agent), we will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on either (i) each such share that would exceed such limit or (ii) all Class S, Class D and Class F shares in such shareholder’s account. We may modify this requirement if permitted by applicable exemptive relief. At the end of such month, the applicable Class S, Class D or Class F shares in such shareholder’s account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such Class S, Class D or Class F shares. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Estimated Use of Proceeds.” The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering.
[9] We may have capital gains and investment income that could result in the payment of an incentive fee. The incentive fees, if any, are divided into two parts: The first part of the incentive fee is based on income, whereby we pay the Adviser quarterly in arrears 12.5% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income Returns (as defined below), attributable to each class of the Fund’s Common Shares, for each calendar quarter subject to a 5.0% annualized hurdle rate, with a catch-up. The second part of the incentive fee is based on realized capital gains, whereby we pay the Adviser at the end of each calendar year in arrears 12.5% of cumulative realized capital gains, attributable to each class of the Fund’s Common Shares, from inception through the end of such calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains. As we cannot predict whether we will meet the necessary performance targets, we have assumed no incentive fee for this chart. We expect the incentive fees we pay to increase to the extent we earn greater income or generate capital gains through our investments in portfolio companies. If we achieved an annualized total return of 5.00% for each quarter made up entirely of net investment income, no incentive fees would be payable to the Adviser because the hurdle rate was not exceeded. If instead we achieved a total return of 5.00% in a calendar year made up of entirely realized capital gains net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation, an incentive fee equal to 0.63% of our net assets would be payable. See “Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement” for more information concerning the incentive fees.
[10] The Administration Fees are calculated and payable monthly in arrears in an amount equal to 0.25% of the value of the Fund’s net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable month.
[11] “Other expenses” include accounting, legal and auditing fees, custodian and transfer agent fees, reimbursement of expenses to our Administrator, organization and offering expenses, insurance costs and fees payable to our Trustees, as discussed in “Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement.” The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts we expect to pay during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, prior to any expense support, as described below. We entered into the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement with the Adviser and AMG on October 25, 2024, which will terminate on May 1, 2026, unless renewed by mutual agreement of the Adviser, the Administrator, and the Fund, or unless otherwise terminated by the Fund’s Board upon at least thirty (30) days written notice to the Adviser and the Administrator. Pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement, the Adviser and Administrator are obligated to pay, absorb, or reimburse all of our operating costs and expenses incurred, including but not limited to, organization and offering costs and legal, administration, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for investment companies (“Operating Expenses”) (x) above 1.25% of the value of the Fund’s quarterly net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable quarter adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable quarter during the period of time that the Fund operated as a privately offered, non-traded BDC and (y) above 1.25% of the value of the Fund’s monthly net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the applicable month during the period of time that the Fund operates as a publicly-offered, non-traded BDC. Operating Expenses shall not include any fees payable to the Adviser by the Fund under the Advisory Agreement, interest expenses and other financing costs, portfolio transaction and other investment-related costs, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, and any other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (including, without limitation, litigation expenses). Any Required Expense Payment must be paid by the Adviser and the Administrator in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds and/or offset against amounts due from us to the Adviser, the Administrator or their affiliates. The Adviser and the Administrator may elect to pay certain additional expenses on our behalf (each, a “Voluntary Expense Payment” and together with a Required Expense Payment, the “Expense Payments”), provided that no portion of the Expense payment will be used to pay any interest expense or distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees of the Fund. Any Expense Payment shall be shared 50/50 between the Adviser and the Administrator. Any Voluntary Expense Payment that the Adviser and the Administrator have committed to pay must be paid by the Adviser and the Administrator in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds no later than forty-five days after such commitment was made in writing, and/or offset against amounts due from us to the Adviser and Administrator or their affiliates. The Adviser and the Administrator will be entitled to reimbursement of an Expense Payment from us if Available Operating Funds exceed the cumulative distributions accrued to the Fund’s shareholders among other conditions. In respect of a Required Expense Payment, no Reimbursement Payment for any quarter shall be made if and to the extent that the Fund’s Operating Expense Ratio (as defined below) (including the amount of the Reimbursement Payment) at the time of such Reimbursement Payment is greater than the Operating Expense Ratio at the time the Required Expense Payment was made. In respect of a Voluntary Expense Payment, no Reimbursement Payment for any quarter shall be made if and to the extent that: (1) the Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share (as defined below) declared by the Fund at the time of such Reimbursement Payment is less than the Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share at the time the Voluntary Payment was made to which such Reimbursement Payment relates or (2) the Fund’s Operating Expense Ratio at the time of such Reimbursement Payment (including the amount of the Reimbursement Payment) is greater than the Operating Expense Ratio at the time the Voluntary Payment was made. For purposes of the Agreement, “Effective Rate of Distributions Per Share” means the annualized rate (based on a 365-day year) of regular cash distributions per share exclusive of returns of capital and declared special dividends or special distributions, if any. The “Operating Expense Ratio” is calculated by (x) dividing Operating Expenses, less base management and incentive fees owed to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, administration fees owed to the Administrator pursuant to the Administration Agreement, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, and interest expense, by (y) the Fund’s net assets. Because the Adviser’s and Administrator’s obligation to make Voluntary Expense Payments is voluntary, the table above does not reflect the impact of any Voluntary Expense Payments from the Adviser and the Administrator. Any expenses waived pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement may be subsequently recaptured by the Adviser and the Administrator for a period of three years following the date such waiver or reimbursement occurred, provided that the recapture does not cause the Fund to exceed its expense limit in effect either at the time of the waiver or reimbursement, or at the time of recapture, after repayment is taken into account.