REIT, we generally limit our ownership of each individual entity’s voting stock to less than 10%. We evaluate each investment to

determine whether we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. We evaluate investments in

which our ownership is equal to or greater than 20%, but less than or equal to 50%, of an investee’s voting stock with a presumption

that we have this ability. For our investments in limited partnerships that maintain specific ownership accounts, we presume that such

ability exists when our ownership interest exceeds 3% to 5%. In addition to our ownership interest, we consider whether we have a

board seat or whether we participate in the investee’s policy-making process, among other criteria, to determine if we have the ability to

exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee. If we determine that we have such ability, we account for the investment

under the equity method, as described below.

From time to time, we may hold equity investments in publicly traded companies that are subject to temporary contractual sale

restrictions. We do not recognize a discount related to such contractual sale restrictions.

Investments accounted for under the equity method

Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investment at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying

amount of the investment for our share of earnings or losses reported by the investee, distributions received, and other-than-temporary

As of June 30, 2025, we had ten investments in limited partnerships maintaining specific ownership accounts for each investor,

which were accounted for under the equity method. These investments aggregated $276.8 million. Our ownership interest in each of

these ten investments was greater than 5%.

Investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting

For investees over which we determine that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence or control, we account

for each investment depending on whether it is an investment in a (i) publicly traded company, (ii) privately held entity that reports NAV

per share, or (iii) privately held entity that does not report NAV per share, as described below.

Investments in publicly traded companies

Our investments in publicly traded companies are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values and are

presented at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our

consolidated statements of operations. The fair values for our investments in publicly traded companies are determined based on sales

prices or quotes available on securities exchanges.

Investments in privately held companies

Our investments in privately held entities without readily determinable fair values consist of (i) investments in privately held

entities that report NAV per share and (ii) investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share. These investments are

accounted for as follows:

Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share

Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships,

are presented at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our

consolidated statements of operations. We use NAV per share reported by limited partnerships generally without adjustment, unless we

are aware of information indicating that the NAV reported by a limited partnership does not accurately reflect the fair value of the

investment at our reporting date.

Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share

Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative

under which these investments are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes classified

in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations.

An observable price arises from an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, which is

observed by an investor without expending undue cost and effort. Observable price changes result from, among other things, equity

transactions of the same issuer executed during the reporting period, including subsequent equity offerings or other reported equity

transactions related to the same issuer. To determine whether these transactions are indicative of an observable price change, we

evaluate, among other factors, whether these transactions have similar rights and obligations, including voting rights, distribution

preferences, and conversion rights to the investments we hold.

Impairment evaluation of equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share

We monitor equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share for new

developments, including operating results, prospects and results of clinical trials, new product initiatives, new collaborative agreements,

capital-raising events, and merger and acquisition activities. These investments are evaluated on the basis of a qualitative assessment

for indicators of impairment by monitoring the presence of the following triggering events or impairment indicators:

(i)a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee;

(ii)a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee;

(iii)a significant adverse change in the general market condition, including the research and development of technology and

products that the investee is bringing or attempting to bring to the market;

(iv)significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern; and/or

(v)a decision by investors to cease providing support or reduce their financial commitment to the investee.

If such indicators are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an

impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.

Investment income/loss recognition and classification

We recognize both realized and unrealized gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations, classified in

investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses represent:

(i)changes in fair value for investments in publicly traded companies;

(ii)changes in NAV for investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share;

(iii)observable price changes for investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share; and

(iv)our share of unrealized gains or losses reported by our equity method investees.

Realized gains and losses on our investments represent the difference between proceeds received upon disposition of

investments and their historical or adjusted cost basis. For our equity method investments, realized gains and losses represent our

share of realized gains or losses reported by the investee. Impairments are realized losses, which result in an adjusted cost basis, and

represent charges to reduce the carrying values of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share and equity

method investments, if impairments are deemed other than temporary, to their estimated fair value.

Funding commitments to investments in privately held entities that report NAV

We are committed to funding approximately $351.0 million for our investments in privately held entities that report NAV. Our

funding commitments expire at various dates over the next 12 years, with a weighted-average expiration of 8.0 years as of June 30,

2025. These investments are not redeemable by us, but we may receive distributions from these investments throughout their terms.

Our investments in privately held entities that report NAV generally have expected initial terms in excess of 10 years. The weighted-

average remaining term during which these investments are expected to be liquidated was 5.2 years as of June 30, 2025.

The following tables summarize our investments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2025
	Cost	Unrealized Gains	Unrealized Losses	Carrying Amount
Publicly traded companies	$183,859	$18,365	$(120,299)	$81,925
Entities that report NAV	497,975	97,201	(43,013)	552,163
Entities that do not report NAV:
Entities with observable price changes	78,105	64,585	(9,156)	133,534
Entities without observable price changes	432,299	—	—	432,299
Investments accounted for under the equity method	N/A	N/A	N/A	276,775
Total investments	$1,192,238	$180,151	$(172,468)	$1,476,696


	December 31, 2024
	Cost	Unrealized Gains	Unrealized Losses	Carrying Amount
Publicly traded companies	$188,653	$24,262	$(107,248)	$105,667
Entities that report NAV	518,074	126,077	(34,285)	609,866
Entities that do not report NAV:
Entities with observable price changes	99,932	77,761	(2,956)	174,737
Entities without observable price changes	400,487	—	—	400,487
Investments accounted for under the equity method	N/A	N/A	N/A	186,228
Total investments	$1,207,146	$228,100	$(144,489)	$1,476,985

Cumulative gains and losses (realized and unrealized) on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV still held

as of June 30, 2025 aggregated to a loss of $123.3 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $64.6 million,

downward adjustments aggregating $9.2 million, and impairments aggregating $178.7 million.

Our investment income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following (in


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024	2025		2024
Realized (losses) gains	$(8,684)	(1)	$20,578	$9,469	(1)	$34,704
Unrealized losses	(21,938)		(64,238)	(90,083)		(35,080)
Investment loss	$(30,622)		$(43,660)	$(80,614)		$(376)

(1)Consists of realized gains of $30.5 million and $59.9 million, partially offset by impairment charges of $39.2 million and $50.4 million during the three and six months

ended June 30, 2025, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, gains and losses on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV

still held as of June 30, 2025 aggregated to a loss of $57.6 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $8.8 million and

downward adjustments and impairments aggregating $66.4 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, gains and losses on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV

still held as of June 30, 2024 aggregated to a loss of $13.7 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $15.7 million

and downward adjustments and impairments aggregating $29.4 million.

Unrealized gains or losses related to investments still held (excluding investments accounted for under the equity method) as

of June 30, 2025 and 2024 aggregated to a loss of $30.7 million and a loss of $1.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025

and 2024, respectively.

Our investment loss of $80.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 also included $102 thousand of equity in losses of

our equity method investments.

Refer to “Investments” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial