| Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans |
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Loans are summarized by portfolio segment as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | June 30, 2025 | | December 31, 2024 | | | | | | Loans held for investment(1): | | | | | Commercial | $ | 11,930,668 | | | $ | 11,145,591 | | | Mortgage finance | 5,889,589 | | | 5,215,574 | | | Commercial real estate | 5,665,100 | | | 5,616,282 | | | Consumer | 540,837 | | | 565,376 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gross loans held for investment | 24,026,194 | | | 22,542,823 | | | Unearned income (net of direct origination costs) | (100,660) | | | (92,757) | | | Total loans held for investment | 23,925,534 | | | 22,450,066 | | | Allowance for credit losses on loans | (277,648) | | | (271,709) | | | Total loans held for investment, net | $ | 23,647,886 | | | $ | 22,178,357 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) Excludes accrued interest receivable of $101.9 million and $107.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, that is recorded in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The following tables summarize gross loans held for investment by year of origination and internally assigned credit grades: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020
and prior | Revolving lines of credit | Revolving lines of credit converted to term loans | Total | | June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | 750,086 | | $ | 1,440,357 | | $ | 1,018,302 | | $ | 1,048,253 | | $ | 263,885 | | $ | 196,156 | | $ | 6,689,345 | | $ | 30,470 | | $ | 11,436,854 | | | (8) Special mention | 1,380 | | 32,844 | | 19,174 | | 112,767 | | 6,576 | | 5,120 | | 41,666 | | — | | 219,527 | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | 188 | | 9,531 | | 59,314 | | 14,722 | | 37,158 | | 7,437 | | 55,580 | | — | | 183,930 | | | (9+) Non-accrual | 21,580 | | 445 | | 8,626 | | 28,313 | | — | | 12,378 | | 19,015 | | — | | 90,357 | | | Total commercial | $ | 773,234 | | $ | 1,483,177 | | $ | 1,105,416 | | $ | 1,204,055 | | $ | 307,619 | | $ | 221,091 | | $ | 6,805,606 | | $ | 30,470 | | $ | 11,930,668 | | | Mortgage finance | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 5,889,589 | | $ | — | | $ | 5,889,589 | | | (8) Special mention | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | (9+) Non-accrual | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | Total mortgage finance | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 5,889,589 | | $ | — | | $ | 5,889,589 | | | Commercial real estate | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | 357,920 | | $ | 662,180 | | $ | 943,876 | | $ | 1,836,390 | | $ | 743,688 | | $ | 714,679 | | $ | 255,511 | | $ | 12,625 | | $ | 5,526,869 | | | (8) Special mention | — | | 25,532 | | 5,681 | | 61,943 | | 19,115 | | 1,889 | | — | | 819 | | 114,979 | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | (9+) Non-accrual | — | | — | | 3,034 | | 19,914 | | — | | 304 | | — | | — | | 23,252 | | | Total commercial real estate | $ | 357,920 | | $ | 687,712 | | $ | 952,591 | | $ | 1,918,247 | | $ | 762,803 | | $ | 716,872 | | $ | 255,511 | | $ | 13,444 | | $ | 5,665,100 | | | Consumer | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | 19,669 | | $ | 39,075 | | $ | 29,706 | | $ | 53,121 | | $ | 74,146 | | $ | 118,149 | | $ | 201,554 | | $ | — | | $ | 535,420 | | | (8) Special mention | — | | 2,717 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 2,700 | | — | | 5,417 | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | (9+) Non-accrual | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | Total consumer | $ | 19,669 | | $ | 41,792 | | $ | 29,706 | | $ | 53,121 | | $ | 74,146 | | $ | 118,149 | | $ | 204,254 | | $ | — | | $ | 540,837 | | | Total | $ | 1,150,823 | | $ | 2,212,681 | | $ | 2,087,713 | | $ | 3,175,423 | | $ | 1,144,568 | | $ | 1,056,112 | | $ | 13,154,960 | | $ | 43,914 | | $ | 24,026,194 | | | Gross charge-offs | $ | — | | $ | 259 | | $ | 116 | | $ | 4,451 | | $ | 28 | | $ | 858 | | $ | 18,436 | | $ | — | | $ | 24,148 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019
and prior | Revolving lines of credit | Revolving lines of credit converted to term loans | Total | | December 31, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | 1,612,695 | | $ | 1,156,414 | | $ | 1,256,539 | | $ | 307,590 | | $ | 76,821 | | $ | 169,974 | | $ | 6,027,177 | | $ | 12,040 | | $ | 10,619,250 | | | (8) Special mention | 22,953 | | 28,354 | | 134,092 | | 21,626 | | 30 | | 6,369 | | 91,423 | | — | | 304,847 | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | 623 | | 44,901 | | 51,536 | | 7,855 | | 301 | | 3,309 | | 37,405 | | — | | 145,930 | | | (9+) Non-accrual | — | | 9,220 | | 8,057 | | — | | 360 | | 23,708 | | 34,219 | | — | | 75,564 | | | Total commercial | $ | 1,636,271 | | $ | 1,238,889 | | $ | 1,450,224 | | $ | 337,071 | | $ | 77,512 | | $ | 203,360 | | $ | 6,190,224 | | $ | 12,040 | | $ | 11,145,591 | | | Mortgage finance | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 5,215,574 | | $ | — | | $ | 5,215,574 | | | (8) Special mention | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | (9+) Non-accrual | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | Total mortgage finance | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 5,215,574 | | $ | — | | $ | 5,215,574 | | | Commercial real estate | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | 599,301 | | $ | 889,603 | | $ | 1,843,706 | | $ | 885,913 | | $ | 216,077 | | $ | 704,288 | | $ | 273,663 | | $ | 18,085 | | $ | 5,430,636 | | | (8) Special mention | 25,532 | | 4,353 | | 70,161 | | 15,831 | | 299 | | 13,731 | | — | | 872 | | 130,779 | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 20,230 | | — | | — | | 20,230 | | | (9+) Non-accrual | 85 | | — | | 20,637 | | — | | — | | 13,915 | | — | | — | | 34,637 | | | Total commercial real estate | $ | 624,918 | | $ | 893,956 | | $ | 1,934,504 | | $ | 901,744 | | $ | 216,376 | | $ | 752,164 | | $ | 273,663 | | $ | 18,957 | | $ | 5,616,282 | | | Consumer | | | | | | | | | | | (1-7) Pass | $ | 44,352 | | $ | 28,289 | | $ | 54,148 | | $ | 75,924 | | $ | 40,667 | | $ | 99,471 | | $ | 220,561 | | $ | — | | $ | 563,412 | | | (8) Special mention | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | (9) Substandard - accruing | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 1,000 | | — | | 1,000 | | | (9+) Non-accrual | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 964 | | — | | — | | 964 | | | Total Consumer | $ | 44,352 | | $ | 28,289 | | $ | 54,148 | | $ | 75,924 | | $ | 40,667 | | $ | 100,435 | | $ | 221,561 | | $ | — | | $ | 565,376 | | | Total | $ | 2,305,541 | | $ | 2,161,134 | | $ | 3,438,876 | | $ | 1,314,739 | | $ | 334,555 | | $ | 1,055,959 | | $ | 11,901,022 | | $ | 30,997 | | $ | 22,542,823 | | | Gross charge-offs | $ | 994 | | $ | 7,543 | | $ | 550 | | $ | 4,037 | | $ | 537 | | $ | 8,784 | | $ | 23,566 | | $ | 44 | | $ | 46,055 | |
The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | Commercial | Mortgage
Finance | Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | Total | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | Beginning balance | $ | 198,423 | | $ | 2,755 | | $ | 68,825 | | $ | 1,706 | | $ | 271,709 | | | | | | | | | Provision for credit losses on loans | 31,737 | | 7,875 | | (11,011) | | 100 | | 28,701 | | | Charge-offs | 23,217 | | — | | 931 | | — | | 24,148 | | | Recoveries | 969 | | — | | 413 | | 4 | | 1,386 | | | Net charge-offs (recoveries) | 22,248 | | — | | 518 | | (4) | | 22,762 | | | Ending balance | $ | 207,912 | | $ | 10,630 | | $ | 57,296 | | $ | 1,810 | | $ | 277,648 | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | | | | | | | Beginning balance | $ | 171,437 | | $ | 4,173 | | $ | 71,829 | | $ | 2,534 | | $ | 249,973 | | | Provision for credit losses on loans | 26,200 | | 1,445 | | 12,245 | | 153 | | 40,043 | | | Charge-offs | 17,541 | | — | | 5,436 | | — | | 22,977 | | | Recoveries | 258 | | — | | — | | — | | 258 | | | Net charge-offs (recoveries) | 17,283 | | — | | 5,436 | | — | | 22,719 | | | Ending balance | $ | 180,354 | | $ | 5,618 | | $ | 78,638 | | $ | 2,687 | | $ | 267,297 | |
The Company recorded a $28.7 million provision for credit losses on loans for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $40.0 million for the same period of 2024. The $28.7 million provision for credit losses on loans resulted primarily from an increase in total loans held for investment and $22.8 million in net charge-offs recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2025, partially offset by a decline in criticized loans. Criticized loans totaled $637.5 million at June 30, 2025, compared to $714.0 million at December 31, 2024. A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. At June 30, 2025, the Company had $4.1 million in collateral-dependent commercial loans, collateralized by business assets, and $22.9 million in collateral-dependent commercial real estate loans, collateralized by real estate. The table below provides an age analysis of gross loans held for investment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | 30-59 Days
Past Due | | 60-89 Days
Past Due | | 90 Days or More Past Due | | Total Past
Due | | Non-accrual(1) | | Current | | Total | | Non-accrual With No Allowance | | June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | $ | 2,418 | | | $ | 4,278 | | | $ | 1,775 | | | $ | 8,471 | | | $ | 90,357 | | | $ | 11,831,840 | | | $ | 11,930,668 | | | $ | 5,628 | | | Mortgage finance | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,889,589 | | | 5,889,589 | | | — | | | Commercial real estate | 5,987 | | | 3,895 | | | 293 | | | 10,175 | | | 23,252 | | | 5,631,673 | | | 5,665,100 | | | 3,034 | | | Consumer | 1,651 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,651 | | | — | | | 539,186 | | | 540,837 | | | — | | | Total | $ | 10,056 | | | $ | 8,173 | | | $ | 2,068 | | | $ | 20,297 | | | $ | 113,609 | | | $ | 23,892,288 | | | $ | 24,026,194 | | | $ | 8,662 | |
(1)As of June 30, 2025, $848,000 of non-accrual loans were earning interest income on a cash basis compared to $360,000 as of December 31, 2024. Additionally, $630,000 of interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $161,000 for the same period in 2024. Accrued interest of $919,000 and $668,000 was reversed during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The table below details gross loans held for investment made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, by type of modification granted and the financial effect of those modifications: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Financial Statement Impact | | ($ in thousands) | | Payment
Deferral | Term
Extension | Payment
Deferral
and Term
Extension | | Total | Percentage of Loans Held for Investment | | Interest Rate Reduction | Term Extension (in months) | Payment Deferrals | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | $ | 9,492 | | $ | 11,002 | | $ | 21,580 | | | $ | 42,074 | | 0.18 | % | | —% | 10 to 26 | $ | 5,762 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | $ | 9,492 | | $ | 11,002 | | $ | 21,580 | | | $ | 42,074 | | 0.18 | % | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | $ | 16,147 | | $ | 253 | | $ | 7,439 | | | $ | 23,839 | | 0.11 | % | | —% | 3 to 13 | $ | 1,176 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial real estate | | — | | 15,831 | | — | | | 15,831 | | 0.07 | % | | —% | 3 | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | $ | 16,147 | | $ | 16,084 | | $ | 7,439 | | | $ | 39,670 | | 0.18 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | $ | 9,492 | | $ | 12,819 | | $ | 22,338 | | | $ | 44,649 | | 0.19 | % | | —% | 6 to 26 | $ | 5,897 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial real estate | | 17,835 | | — | | — | | | 17,835 | | 0.07 | % | | —% | — | 369 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | $ | 27,327 | | $ | 12,819 | | $ | 22,338 | | | $ | 62,484 | | 0.26 | % | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | $ | 24,207 | | $ | 703 | | $ | 7,439 | | | $ | 32,349 | | 0.15 | % | | —% | 3 to 13 | $ | 1,853 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial real estate | | — | | 15,831 | | — | | | 15,831 | | 0.07 | % | | —% | 3 | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | $ | 24,207 | | $ | 16,534 | | $ | 7,439 | | | $ | 48,180 | | 0.22 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The table below details gross loans held for investment that experienced a default during the periods presented subsequent to being granted a modification in the prior twelve months. Default is defined as movement to nonperforming status, foreclosure or charge-off, whichever occurs first. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | | | | Payment
Deferral | | Term
Extension | | Payment Deferral and Term Extension | | | | Total | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | | | $ | 22,500 | | | $ | 6,537 | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 29,037 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial real estate | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | | | $ | 22,500 | | | $ | 6,537 | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 29,037 | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | | | $ | 25,496 | | | $ | 6,537 | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 32,033 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial real estate | | | | — | | | — | | | 13,500 | | | | | 13,500 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | | | $ | 25,496 | | | $ | 6,537 | | | $ | 13,500 | | | | | $ | 45,533 | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | | | $ | 3,129 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,756 | | | | | $ | 4,885 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | | | $ | 3,129 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,756 | | | | | $ | 4,885 | |
The table below provides an age analysis of gross loans held for investment as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the prior twelve months: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | | 30-89 Days
Past Due | | 90+ Days
Past Due | | Non-Accrual | | Current | | Total | | June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | $ | 758 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 61,005 | | | $ | 15,100 | | | $ | 76,863 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial real estate | | — | | | — | | | 17,835 | | | — | | | 17,835 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | $ | 758 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 78,840 | | | $ | 15,100 | | | $ | 94,698 | | | June 30, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 11,297 | | | $ | 30,757 | | | $ | 42,054 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial real estate | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15,831 | | | 15,831 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 11,297 | | | $ | 46,588 | | | $ | 57,885 | |
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