v3.25.2
INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Source Differences Between Income Taxes at the Federal Statutory Rate and the Provision for Income Taxes

A summary of the sources of differences between income taxes at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Tax benefit at the statutory rate

 

$

(7,249,161

)

 

$

(4,346,294

)

Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:

 

 

 

 

 

 

State taxes

 

 

(1,583,965

)

 

 

(400,290

)

Stock-based compensation

 

 

34,599

 

 

 

82,430

 

Research and development tax credits

 

 

(100,311

)

 

 

(418,321

)

Loss on debt extinguishment

 

 

4,305,904

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax true-ups and other

 

 

(1,037,064

)

 

 

(167,497

)

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

5,629,998

 

 

 

5,249,972

 

Total income tax expense (benefit)

 

$

 

 

$

 

Schedule of Components of Company's Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of the Company's deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net operating loss carryforwards

 

$

16,979,615

 

 

$

13,095,540

 

Research and development credits

 

 

1,310,860

 

 

 

1,647,502

 

Capitalized pre-business expenses

 

 

3,860,144

 

 

 

2,229,904

 

Accrued expenses

 

 

219,423

 

 

 

124,458

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

1,019,432

 

 

 

899,453

 

Inventory reserve

 

 

282,905

 

 

 

243,070

 

Operating lease liability

 

 

57,817

 

 

 

127,116

 

Capitalized §174 research and development costs

 

 

1,966,559

 

 

 

1,905,522

 

Unrealized derivative gain/loss

 

 

34,368

 

 

 

 

Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance

 

 

25,731,123

 

 

 

20,272,565

 

Less valuation allowance

 

 

(25,386,669

)

 

 

(19,756,671

)

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

344,454

 

 

 

515,894

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed assets

 

 

(295,152

)

 

 

(390,191

)

Right-of-use assets

 

 

(49,302

)

 

 

(125,703

)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(344,454

)

 

 

(515,894

)

Net deferred tax asset (liability)

 

$

 

 

$

 

Schedule of Reconciliation of the Federal Income Tax Rate to the Company's Effective Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Statutory federal income tax rate

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

21.0

%

State taxes, net of federal tax benefit

 

 

4.6

%

 

 

1.9

%

Stock-based compensation

 

 

-0.1

%

 

 

-0.4

%

General business credits

 

 

0.3

%

 

 

2.0

%

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

-12.5

%

 

 

0.0

%

Deferred tax true-ups and other

 

 

3.0

%

 

 

0.8

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

-16.3

%

 

 

-25.3

%

Income tax provision

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

0.0

%

Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance at January 1, 2024

 

$

 

Additions based on tax positions related to 2024

 

 

25,078

 

Additions for tax positions of prior years

 

 

411,876

 

Balance as of December 31, 2024

 

$

436,954