NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) including Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. The information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments, unless otherwise indicated) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly state the operating results for the respective periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally present in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These financial statements and the information included under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended November 30, 2024, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025. The results of the six months ended May 31, 2025 (unaudited), are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending November 30, 2025.

Principles of Consolidation

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries Purebase AG and Purebase AM. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and equity-based transactions at the date of the financial statements and the revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations may be affected.

The Company believes the following critical accounting policies affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, deferred tax asset and valuation allowance, and assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation methods for fair value of options, such as expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividend rate.

Revenue

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company derives revenues from the sale of products from its agricultural sector and construction sector. The Company’s contracted transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation which are not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct. The Company’s performance obligation is satisfied upon the transfer of control to the customer.

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Practical Expedients

As part of ASC Topic 606, the Company has adopted practical expedients including:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of May 31, 2025 and November 30, 2024.

Accounts Receivable

The Company periodically assesses its accounts and other receivables for collectability on a specific identification basis. If collectability of an account becomes unlikely, a credit loss is recorded for that doubtful account. As of May 31, 2025, the Company has determined that no allowance for credit losses was necessary. As of November 30, 2024, the Company had no accounts receivable.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally three to five years, except for SCM plants, which lives are estimated at thirty years. Expenditures that enhance the useful lives of the assets are capitalized and depreciated.

SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. At the time of retirement or other disposition of property and equipment, the cost and accumulated depreciation will be removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, will be reflected in operations. The Company currently has $547,907 in property and equipment that it acquired on May 1, 2020. As of May 31, 2025, the Company has not put the acquired property and equipment to use. As such, the Company has not recorded depreciation related to these assets. The Company has $202,809 in costs for its pilot plant which has begun manufacturing sample quantities of the Company’s SCM product for testing by third-parties. The Company has begun recording depreciation related to the pilot plant. The Company also has $60,213 in other fixed assets which are fully depreciated.

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted net cash flows of the operation to which the assets relate to the carrying amount. If the operation is determined to be unable to recover the carrying amount of its assets, then these assets are written down first, followed by other long-lived assets of the operation to fair value. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows or appraised values, depending on the nature of the assets. No impairment losses were recorded during the three and six months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024.

Shipping and Handling

The Company occasionally incurred shipping and handling costs which are charged back to the customer. There were no net amounts incurred or included in general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024.

Advertising and Marketing Costs

The Company expenses advertising and marketing costs as incurred and such costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Advertising and marketing expenses were $10,807 and $7,950 for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Advertising and marketing expenses were $20,276 and $14,450 for the six months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies at both initial and subsequent measurement.

NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair values based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying amount of the notes approximates the estimated fair value for these financial instruments as management believes that such notes constitute all of the Company’s debt and interest payable on the notes based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

Loss Per Common Share

Net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the three and six months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024. All outstanding options are considered potential common stock. The dilutive effect, if any, of stock options are calculated using the treasury stock method. All outstanding convertible notes are considered common stock at the beginning of the period or at the time of issuance, if later, pursuant to the if-converted method. Since the effect of common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive with respect to losses, outstanding options have been excluded from the Company’s computation of net loss per share of common stock for the three and six months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following table summarizes the securities that were excluded from the diluted per share calculation because the effect of including these potential shares was antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss even though the exercise price could be less than the average market price of the common stock:

SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING SHARES EXCLUDED FROM DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees, including employee stock options, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For stock options issued to employees and members of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) for their services, the Company estimates the grant date fair value of each option using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the common stock. For awards subject to service-based vesting conditions, including those with a graded vesting schedule, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense equal to the grant date fair value of stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting term. Forfeitures are recorded as they are incurred as opposed to being estimated at the time of grant and revised.

Pursuant to ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, the Company accounts for stock options issued to non-employees for their services in accordance with ASC 718. The Company uses valuation methods and assumptions to value the stock options that are in line with the process for valuing employee stock options as noted above.

NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Leases

With the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, operating lease agreements are required to be recognized on the balance sheet as Right-of-Use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities. ROU assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

The Company leases its corporate offices. All of the leases are classified as operating leases. The Company is a party to a two-year lease, with USMC, a related party, for 1,000 square feet of office space located in Ione, California (the “Ione Lease”) with respect to its corporate operations (See Note 12). Effective November 1, 2022, the Ione Lease was amended to extend the lease through October 2024 and to add an additional 700 square feet of office space for a total monthly rental price of $3,500 per month. Effective November 1, 2024, the lease was amended to change the term to month-to-month at $1,500 per month. The Company no longer leases the additional 700 square feet. In May 2025, we moved our corporate offices to Sutter Creek, California. We lease from our Chief Executive Officer for $1,500 per month. The lease expires in April 2026. The Company plans to extend the lease upon expiration of the initial term and therefore did not elect to apply the exemption clause for short-term leases.

In accordance with ASC 842, the Company recognized a ROU asset and corresponding lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for long-term office leases. See Note 7 – Leases for further discussion, including the impact in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related disclosures

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the condensed consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely-than-not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Exploration Stage

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, expenditures relating to the acquisition of mineral rights are initially capitalized as incurred while exploration and pre-extraction expenditures are expensed as incurred until such time as the Company exits the exploration stage by establishing proven or probable reserves. Expenditures relating to exploration activities such as drill programs to establish mineralized materials are expensed as incurred. Expenditures relating to pre-extraction activities are expensed as incurred until such time proven or probable reserves are established for that project, after which expenditures relating to mine development activities for that particular project are capitalized as incurred. As of May 31, 2025, the Company was not engaged in any mine exploration.

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures and Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

The amendments in the Update require disclosure, in the notes to the financial statements, of specific information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments require that at each interim and annual reporting period an entity:

The amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has determined that such disclosures will result in expanded notes to the financial statements. The Company will adopt ASU 2024-03 on or before November 30, 2027.

In December 2023, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendment’s main provisions are rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures.

For rate reconciliation, the amendments require that public business entities on an annual basis disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold.

Public business entities are required to disclose a tabular reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, according to the following requirements:

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

For income taxes paid, the amendments require that all entities disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid:

For other disclosures, the amendments require that all entities disclose the following information:

The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.