v3.25.2
Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense is comprised of the following:

 
  
Fiscal year ended March 31,
 
 
  
2023
 
  
2024
 
  
2025
 
  
2025
 
 
  
(In millions)
 
Current tax expense
   Rs. 156,782.9      Rs.  140,308.9      Rs. 199,251.5      US$  2,332.3  
Deferred tax expense/ (benefit)
     12,280.9        (57,133.2      (15,613.6 )      (182.8 )
 
Interest on income tax refund
     (2,946.4      (5,348.6      (8,623.0      (100.9 )
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Income tax expense
   Rs.  166,117.4      Rs.  77,827.1      Rs.  175,014.9      US$ 2,048.6  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Income Taxes at Indian Statutory Income Tax Rate to Income Tax Expense as Reported
A reconciliation of taxes at the Indian statutory income tax rate, the income tax rate of the Bank’s country of domicile, to income tax expense as reported is as follows:
 

 
  
Fiscal year ended March 31,
 
 
  
2023
 
 
2024
 
 
2025
 
 
2025
 
 
  
(In millions)
 
Income before income tax expense
   Rs. 662,381.8     Rs. 705,459.0       Rs. 861,546.2     US$  10,084.5  
Statutory income tax rate
     25.17     25.17     25.17     25.17
Expected income tax expense
     166,708.3       177,549.9       216,833.8       2,538.1  
Adjustments to reconcile expected income tax to actual tax expense
        
Interest on income tax refund
     (2,204.9     (4,125.0     (6,452.8     (75.5 )
Stock-based compensation
     1,645.9       (10,645.6     1,427.1       16.7  
Income subject to rates other than the statutory income tax rate
     (6.8     (1,262.0     (910.8 )     (10.7 )
Remeasurement of deferred taxes for investment in subsidiaries and affiliates
     —        —        (11,503.2     (134.6 )
Special reserve deduction
     —        (5,143.2     (8,053.7 )     (94.3 )
Unrecognized tax benefit of earlier years including consequential tax credit pursuant to favourable orders received recognised
   —      (80,874.4     (16,515.6 )     (193.3 )
Other, net
     (25.1     2,327.4       190.1       2.2  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Income tax expense
   Rs.  166,117.4     Rs.   77,827.1       Rs. 175,014.9     US$ 2,048.6  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Tax Effects of Significant Temporary Differences
The tax effects of significant temporary differences are as follows:
 

 
  
As of March 31,
 
 
  
2024
 
  
2025
 
  
2025
 
 
  
(In millions)
 
Tax effect of:
        
Deductible temporary differences:
        
Allowance for credit losses
   Rs. 43,093.6      Rs. 69,769.8      US$ 816.7  
Investments
     7,704.7        235.4        2.8  
Lease liabilities
     32,034.7        37,099.8        434.3  
Undistributed policyholders earnings account
     —         32,960.6        385.8  
Employee benefits
     4,632.2        4,062.2        47.6  
Borrowings
     10,714.9        10,468.3        122.5  
Stock based compensation
     20,166.2        19,009.0        222.5  
Others
     320.1        734.9      8.6
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Deferred tax asset
     118,666.4        174,340.0        2,040.8  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Taxable temporary differences:
        
ROU Asset
     32,009.3        37,087.5        434.1  
Property, plant and equipments
     —         5,795.7        67.8  
Loan origination cost
     7,541.1        9,992.1        117.0  
Intangible assets
     313,272.2        306,920.5         3,592.7  
Investments
     53,998.2        92,614.8        1,084.1  
Liabilities on policies in force
     —         26,315.8        308.0  
Others
            9,438.9        110.5  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Deferred tax liability
     406,820.8        488,165.3        5,714.2  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Net deferred tax asset/ (liability)
   Rs.  (288,154.4    Rs.  (313,825.3 )
 
   US$ (3,673.4 )
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balance of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 

 
  
Fiscal year ended March 31,
 
 
  
2023
 
  
2024
 
  
2025
 
  
2025
 
 
  
(In millions)
 
Opening balance
   Rs. 46,774.3      Rs. 48,792.1      Rs. 22,042.3      US$ 258.0  
Increase related to acquisition of eHDFC
     —         52,980.5        —         —   
Decrease related to prior year tax positions
     —          (80,874.4       (16,515.6       (193.3
Increase related to current year tax positions
     2,017.8        1,144.1        1,190.6        13.9  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Closing balance
   Rs.  48,792.1      Rs.  22,042.3      Rs.  6,717.3      US$  78.6