Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

You are cordially invited to attend the 2025 Annual Meeting of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“XBP” or the “Company”), which will be held on July 25, 2025, at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, or at such other time, on such other date and at such other place to which the meeting may be postponed or adjourned (the “Annual Meeting”). The Company will be holding the Annual Meeting via a live webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM.

The accompanying notice of the Annual Meeting and proxy statement describe the business the Company will conduct at the Annual Meeting and provide information about the Company that you should consider when you vote your shares. As more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement, which is dated July [·], 2025, and is first being mailed to stockholders on or about July [·], 2025, the Annual Meeting will be held for the purpose of considering and voting on the following proposals (collectively, the “Proposals”):

If you have any questions or need assistance with voting your XBP common stock, please contact us at investors@xbpeurope.com. The proxy statement and the notice of the Annual Meeting will be available at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM.

The proxy statement provides you with detailed information about the Proposals and other matters to be considered at the Annual Meeting of XBP’s stockholders. We encourage you to carefully read the entire proxy statement, including all annexes attached hereto.

Your vote is important regardless of the number of shares you own. Whether you plan to attend the Annual Meeting or not, please sign, date, and return the proxy card accompanying the proxy statement as soon as possible in the envelope provided. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted.

Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to read the accompanying proxy statement, including the financial statements and annexes and other documents referred to therein, carefully and in their entirety. IN PARTICULAR, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE MATTERS DISCUSSED UNDER “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 19 OF THE ACCOMPANYING PROXY STATEMENT.

After careful consideration, XBP’s board of directors has determined that each of the Proposals is fair to and in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders and has approved such proposals. The XBP Board recommends that stockholders vote “FOR”:

When you consider the recommendation of the XBP board of directors of these proposals, you should keep in mind that directors and officers of XBP have interests that may conflict with your interests as a stockholder. Our Executive Chairman, Mr. Par Chadha, is also the Executive Chairman of Exela Technologies, Inc. (“ETI”), which indirectly holds approximately 26.9% of the Allowed Notes Claims (as defined within). ETI is expected to beneficially own between approximately 17.8% and 29.6% of XBP common stock upon the conclusion of the Restructuring (taking into account shares issuable upon cash exercise of a warrant to be issued in connection with the Restructuring, but without taking into account any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations as described in the accompanying proxy statement). Messrs. Chadha and Andrej Jonovic, our CEO and director, could be deemed to be affiliated with shareholders that together control ETI, and Mr. Chadha is Mr. Jonovic's father-in-law. Mr. Jonovic, our CEO, shall remain on our board of directors following the Restructuring in accordance with the Plan. Two of our existing board members, Messrs. J. Coley Clark and James G. Reynolds, also serve on the board of the BPA Group (as defined within). Each of our directors holds capital stock in both ETI and XBP, and each of our directors will receive a release of claims from the Debtors as part of the Plan (as such terms are defined within). All of our directors other than Mr. Jonovic were at one time directors of ETI. Our executive officers, Messrs. Jonovic, Avramovic and Robu may be entitled to enhanced severance benefits under our Severance Plan (as defined herein) for 24 months following the Restructuring.

As of the date hereof, BTC International Holdings, Inc. (“BTC”) owns approximately 60.7% of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock. BTC has informed us it intends to vote the shares of XBP common stock owned by BTC in favor of the Proposals. XBP’s directors and executive officers, who collectively own approximately 10.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock have also informed us they intend to vote in favor of the Proposals. Because shares owned by BTC and such directors and officers collectively represent approximately 71.2% of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock, we believe that the approval of all of the Proposals (other than Proposal 3C, which requires the vote of 75% of the outstanding shares of XBP common stock) is effectively assured.

The Notice of Annual Meeting and accompanying proxy statement, a proxy or voting instruction card and our 2024 Annual Report to Stockholders will be first mailed to you and to other stockholders of record commencing on or about July [·], 2025.

On behalf of the XBP board, I would like to thank you for your support and look forward to a successful Annual Meeting.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the 2025 Annual Meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“XBP” or the “Company”), will be held virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM at 10:00 a.m. (Eastern Time), on July 25, 2025. Details on how to participate are more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement. At the Annual Meeting, XBP stockholders will be asked to consider and vote upon the following proposals (collectively, the “Proposals”).

You are cordially invited to attend the Stockholders Meeting, which will be held for the following purposes:

Only holders of record of XBP common stock at the close of business on June 12, 2025 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to notice of the Annual Meeting and to vote at the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, there were 35,915,548 shares of XBP common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Each share of XBP common stock is entitled to one vote per share on any matter presented to stockholders at the Annual Meeting.

The approval of the Auditor Ratification Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, and the Adjournment Proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock as of the Record Date cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting. The approval of the Charter Amendment Proposals (other than Proposal 3C) requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock as of the Record Date entitled to vote thereon. The approval of Proposal 3C requires the affirmative vote of 75% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of XBP entitled to vote generally in the election of directors at the meeting voting together as a single class. The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires a plurality vote of the shares of XBP common stock cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting.

Your attention is directed to the proxy statement (including the annexes hereto) for a more complete description of each of the Proposals. We encourage you to read the proxy statement carefully. If you have any questions or need assistance voting your shares, please contact us at investors@xbpeurope.com.

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS
FOR THE ANNUAL STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON July 25, 2025 AT 10:00 a.m. (EASTERN TIME):

This Notice of Annual Meeting, the related proxy statement, a form of proxy and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as amended, are available at our website at: https://www.xbpeurope.com/ and at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM

IF YOU RETURN YOUR PROXY CARD WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF HOW YOU WISH TO VOTE, YOUR SHARES WILL BE VOTED IN FAVOR OF EACH OF THE PROPOSALS.

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.’s (“XBP,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) acquisition (the “Acquisition”) of its affiliate, Exela Technologies BPA, LLC (collectively with its subsidiaries, the “BPA Group” ), subject to certain conditions, on July 3, 2025, as further described below, has been determined to be significant under Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X. As such, and in accordance with SEC requirements, this proxy statement includes audited financial statements of the BPA Group for the two most recent fiscal years required, as well as unaudited interim financial statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the BPA Group for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 is also included to provide shareholders with a better understanding of the historical performance of the acquired business.

In addition, we have included unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements to illustrate the estimated effects of the Acquisition and related restructuring resulting from the BPA Group exiting Bankruptcy (the “Restructuring”) on our consolidated financial position and results of operations as further described below. These pro forma financial statements are provided for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had the transactions occurred on the dates assumed, nor are they necessarily indicative of future results.

The BPA Group is a global provider of transaction processing solutions, enterprise information management, document management and digital business process services. The BPA Group’s technology-enabled solutions allow global organizations to address critical challenges resulting from the massive amounts of data obtained and created through their daily operations. The BPA Group’s solutions address the life cycle of transaction processing and enterprise information management, from enabling payment gateways and data exchanges across multiple systems, to matching inputs against contracts and handling exceptions, to ultimately depositing payments and distributing communications. The BPA Group believes that its process expertise, information technology capabilities and operational insights enable its customers’ organizations to more efficiently and effectively execute transactions, make decisions, drive revenue and profitability, and communicate critical information to their employees, customers, partners, and vendors.

The BPA Group draws on the business and technical expertise of its talented and diverse global workforce to provide its customers with high-quality services. The BPA Group’s business leaders bring a strong diversity of experience in our industry and a track record of successful performance and execution. As of March 31, 2025, the BPA Group had approximately 11,000 employees globally, with 4,600 employees located in the Americas and the remainder located primarily in India and the Philippines.

The BPA Group leases and owns numerous facilities worldwide with larger concentrations of space in Texas, Michigan, Connecticut, California, India, Mexico, and the Philippines. The BPA Group’s owned and leased facilities house general offices, sales offices, service locations, and production facilities. The size of the BPA Group’s active property portfolio as of March 31, 2025 was approximately 1.7 million square feet comprised of approximately 65 leased properties and 3 owned properties.

On March 3, 2025, the BPA Group, and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “Debtors”) commenced voluntary cases under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code §§ 101-1532 (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re DocuData Solutions, L.C., Case No. 25-90023 (CML). The subsidiaries and affiliates of the BPA Group other than the Debtors (and other than us) are immaterial.

Prior to the closing of its acquisition by us, the BPA Group acquired its affiliate Neon Acquisition, LLC pursuant to a Contribution Agreement, dated as of July [·], 2025, with its parent company, and our indirect owner, Exela Technologies, Inc. (“ETI”).

On July 3, 2025, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “MIPA”), we purchased, subject to certain terms and conditions, the BPA Group, which comprises the American and Asian operating business of our indirect parent company ETI. A copy of the MIPA is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement.

The BPA Group was acquired for nominal consideration since almost all of the material assets of the BPA Group are held by entities that filed the Chapter 11 Cases. If the Debtors fail to emerge from Chapter 11 before August 7, 2025, including as a result of the failure to obtain the approval of the proposals relevant to the Restructuring contained in this proxy statement, the parties to the MIPA have agreed to rescind the acquisition of the BPA Group and to restore the status quo ante the acquisition unless an extension is agreed among the parties to the MIPA and certain other interested stakeholders. In addition, in the MIPA, we agreed to restructure the transactions, if necessary, to achieve greater tax efficiencies, including by rescinding the transactions, provided that the benefits received by us in such alternate transaction are substantially the same as those obtained in the MIPA. Such restructuring may include transferring another affiliated entity or shares or equity therein, including shares of our indirect parent, in all cases subject to applicable laws and regulations.

On May 7, 2025, the Debtors filed a plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 Cases (as amended, the “Plan”) and a disclosure statement describing the Plan (the “Disclosure Statement”). The Debtors received conditional approval of the Disclosure Statement and the Bankruptcy Court approved procedures pursuant to which the Debtors solicited votes to accept or reject the Plan. The majority of the Debtors’ creditors that were entitled to vote on the Plan accepted it. On June 23, 2025, the Bankruptcy Court approved the Disclosure Statement on a final basis and confirmed the Plan.

On July 3, 2025, we entered into a Transaction Support Agreement (the “Transaction Support Agreement”) with the Debtors. In the Transaction Support Agreement we and the Debtors have agreed, among other things, to support and take all commercially reasonable actions necessary and appropriate to facilitate the Restructuring contemplated by the Plan, including seeking the shareholder approvals for Proposals 3 to 5, as further described in this proxy statement, and thereafter issuing up to 91,344,311 shares of XBP common stock as contemplated by the Plan (excluding any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan). A copy of the Transaction Support Agreement is attached as Annex C to this proxy statement.

The Plan incorporates the terms of a global and comprehensive settlement reached in the Chapter 11 Cases among the Debtors, an ad hoc group of holders of the Debtors’ 11.5% secured notes due 2026 (such notes the “Allowed Notes Claims”) and such lenders, the “Consenting Creditors”), ETI, certain non-Debtor subsidiaries of ETI other than us (together with ETI, the “Consenting ETI Entities ”), and the official committee of unsecured creditors appointed in the Chapter 11 Cases. The material terms of the Restructuring contemplated under the Plan are set forth below. Capitalized terms used below but not defined herein have the meanings given such terms in the Plan. A copy of the Plan is available at the Debtors’ restructuring website: https://cases.omniagentsolutions.com/?clientId=3734.

Before any new issuance of XBP common stock by us, XCV-EMEA, LLC (“XCV-EMEA”) another of our indirect parent companies, will cause all of the shares of our common stock held by its subsidiary BTC International Holdings Inc. (“BTC”), our largest shareholder, to be distributed to the holders of Allowed Notes Claims (including ETI), to satisfy XCV-EMEA’s guarantee of certain of the Secured Debt.

Claims of holders of Allowed Notes Claims, other than ETI, will also be satisfied by the distribution of up to 65,379,644 shares of newly issued XBP common stock. The Allowed Notes Claims of ETI will also be satisfied by the distribution of up to 20,021,004 shares of newly issued XBP common stock and warrants in respect of 9,544,489 shares of newly issued XBP common stock.

Certain backstop and funding fees notionally payable in the equity of the Debtors will be satisfied in exchange for up to 8,507,181 shares of our newly-issued XBP common stock.

Cash Payments. Holders of allowed general unsecured claims will receive cash consideration through either pro rata participation in a general unsecured claims cash recovery or election to participate in a convenience class recovery, all as described in the Plan. All other claims are either unimpaired or receive no recovery, as set forth in the Plan.

DIP Financing. The Chapter 11 Cases are being financed by $185 million in post-petition loans and advances to the Debtors, comprising $80 million of New Money Loans and $105 million of Roll-Up Loans (prior loans that will not be equitized).

On the Plan Effective Date, in accordance with the Plan we will acquire XCV-EMEA, but only upon the conclusion of the Restructuring transactions described below, and only after which XCV-EMEA no longer owns our shares.

Pursuant to the Plan, the board of directors of the Company expects to adopt a Shareholder Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”) to protect shareholders from unsolicited takeovers. This agreement, often referred to as a “poison pill,” grants one right per common share, exercisable if any entity acquires 30% or more of XBP’s common stock (subject to exceptions including existing holdings and shares issuable pursuant to the Plan). Upon such an event, each right allows holders, except the acquiring person, to purchase additional shares at a significant discount, diluting the acquirer’s stake. The Rights Agreement aims to ensure a fair acquisition process, preserving shareholder value during potential hostile takeover attempts. However, it may limit shareholders’ ability to sell their shares at a premium. The rights are set to expire eighteen months from the date of adoption, unless redeemed or exchanged earlier by the Board.

Pursuant to the Plan, XBP expects to enter into a Registration Rights Agreement granting registration rights to persons receiving shares of XBP common stock in the Restructuring (the “Holders”). The Registration Rights Agreement grants certain Holders of the outstanding XBP common stock certain rights to register such shares, including through shelf registrations on Form S-3 or Form S-1, which the Company must file and maintain effective to allow resale of the shares on a delayed or continuous basis. Such holders may request demand registrations for their shares, provided the offering meets certain financial thresholds, and they will be entitled to participate in piggyback takedowns when XBP registers its own securities. The Registration Rights Agreement will also include provisions for underwriting, lock-up periods restricting sales before and after offerings, and XBP’s undertakings to facilitate registrations, cover registration expenses, and provide indemnification and contribution for liabilities arising from registration statements.

In connection with the Restructuring, if implemented, and as part of the Plan, we are seeking certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation (as described in this proxy statement) and separately we will increase the size of our Board to seven (7) directors, and provide the Consenting Creditors a one-time right to designate four (4) nominees for appointment to our Board on behalf of all the recipients of our common stock under the Plan, and a lead independent director will be selected from the independent directors by a majority vote of the directors. Messrs. Akins and Clark will be required to resign effective prior to such appointment leaving Messrs. Chadha, Jonovic and Reynolds to continue serving on the Board. As of the date of this proxy statement, no new director nominees have been proposed.

This document constitutes a notice of meeting and a proxy statement of XBP under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act.

You should rely only on the information contained in this proxy statement. No one has been authorized to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this proxy statement. This proxy statement is dated as of the date set forth on the cover hereof. You should not assume that the information contained in this proxy statement is accurate as of any date other than that date. Neither the mailing of this proxy statement to XBP stockholders nor the issuance by XBP of its common stock in connection with the Restructuring will create any implication to the contrary.

To the extent this proxy statement contains information concerning the market and industry in which XBP and BPA Group conduct their business, note that XBP and the BPA Group operate in industries in which it is difficult to obtain precise industry and market information. XBP has obtained any market and industry data in this proxy statement from industry publications and from surveys or studies conducted by third parties that it believes to be reliable. XBP is not aware of any misstatements regarding any industry data presented in this proxy statement, such data involves risks and uncertainties and is subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement.

Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “XBP” refer to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

“Acquisition” means the transactions contemplated by the MIPA and described in the Explanatory Note and Background.

“Amended Charter” means the third amended and restated certificate of incorporation of XBP to be adopted by XBP pursuant to the Charter Amendment Proposals.

“Annual Meeting” means the Annual Meeting of the stockholders of XBP, to be held virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM, on July 25, 2025.

“Avenue Capital” means Avenue RP Opportunities Fund, L.P, Avenue Global Dislocation Opportunities Fund, L.P. and Avenue Global Opportunities Master Fund LP, themselves or through one or more of their managed funds, a holder of Allowed Notes Claims, and a prospective lender to the BPA Group, expected to hold between 12,057,745 and 13,968,650 shares of XBP common stock as a result of the Restructuring, including between 9,520,426 to 11,029,217 newly issued shares.

“Business Combination” means the transactions consummated pursuant the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 9, 2022, by and among CF VIII, Merger Sub, BTC International and XBP Europe, Inc. (which closed on November 29, 2023 and pursuant to which our company ceased being wholly-owned by ETI).

“Continental” means Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the transfer agent.

“DGCL” means the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended.

“ETI” or “Exela” means Exela Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation, expected to hold, through its subsidiaries, between 19,348,061 and 34,292,909 shares of XBP common stock as a result of the Restructuring, including between 15,276,635 to 27,076,629 newly issued shares (in each case taking into account the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant issued in connection with the Restructuring, but without taking into account any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan).

“Gates Capital” means Gates Capital Management, itself or through one or more of its managed funds, a holder of Allowed Notes Claims, and a prospective lender to the BPA Group, expected to hold between 28,443,455 and 32,294,415 shares of XBP common stock as a result of the Restructuring, including between 22,458,079 and 25,498,679 newly issued shares.

“Proposals” means the Director Election Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposals, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, and the Adjournment Proposal.

“UHY” means UHY LLP, XBP’s independent registered public accounting firm.

“U.S. GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

“XBP” means XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which will be renamed “XBP Global Holdings, Inc.” in connection with the Restructuring to reflect our expanded global operations following the Acquisition of the BPA Group.

“XBP common stock” means the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of XBP.

“XBP Charter” or “Charter” means XBP’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 29, 2023.

“XBP Global” as used in this proxy statement refers to XBP after giving effect to the Restructuring.

This proxy statement contains forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, the plans, strategies, and prospects, both business and financial, of XBP. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of XBP. Although XBP believes that its plans, intentions, and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, XBP cannot assure you that it will achieve or realize these plans, intentions, or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events, or results of operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” or similar expressions, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. XBP’s independent auditor, has not examined, compiled or otherwise applied procedures with respect to the accompanying forward-looking financial information presented herein and, accordingly, expresses no opinion or any other form of assurance on it. The report of UHY included in this proxy statement relates to historical financial information of XBP. The report does not extend to the forward-looking information and should not be read as if it does. Forward-looking statements contained in this proxy statement include, but are not limited to, statements about:

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this proxy statement, and current expectations, forecasts, and assumptions, and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

In addition, statements that XBP “believes” and similar statements reflect such party’s beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to such party as of the date of this proxy statement, and while such party believes such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and these statements should not be read to indicate that XBP has conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, the actual results or performance of XBP may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause XBP’s actual results to differ include:

These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this proxy statement are more fully described under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this proxy statement. The risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” are not exhaustive. Other sections of this proxy statement describe additional factors that could adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of XBP following the Acquisition and Restructuring. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can XBP assess the impact of all such risk factors on the business of XBP following the Acquisition and Restructuring, or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. All forward-looking statements attributable to XBP or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements.

The following questions and answers briefly address some commonly asked questions about the proposals to be presented at the Annual Meeting. The following questions and answers do not include all the information that is important to stockholders of XBP. We urge the stockholders to carefully read this entire proxy statement, including the annexes and other documents referred to herein.

THE VOTE OF XBP STOCKHOLDERS IS IMPORTANT. XBP STOCKHOLDERS ARE URGED TO SUBMIT THEIR PROXIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER CAREFULLY REVIEWING THIS PROXY STATEMENT AND ITS ANNEXES AND CAREFULLY CONSIDERING EACH OF THE PROPOSALS BEING PRESENTED AT THE MEETING.

As described above, on July 3, 2025 we purchased, subject to certain terms and conditions, the BPA Group pursuant to a MIPA. The BPA Group was acquired for nominal consideration since almost all of the material assets of the BPA Group are held by entities that filed the Chapter 11 Cases. On May 7, 2025, the Debtors filed a plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 Cases, which we refer to herein as the Plan, and which incorporates the terms of a global and comprehensive settlement reached in the Chapter 11 Cases among the Debtors, the Consenting Creditors, the Consenting ETI Entities, and the committee of unsecured creditors in the Chapter 11 Cases. The material terms of the Restructuring contemplated under the Plan are described in the section entitled “Background” above. On July 3, 2025, we entered into the Transaction Support Agreement with the Debtors. In the Transaction Support Agreement we and the Debtors have agreed, among other things, to support and take all commercially reasonable actions necessary and appropriate to facilitate the Plan, including, in our case, seeking the shareholder approvals for Proposals 3 to 5, as further described in this proxy statement, and thereafter issuing up to 91,344,311 shares of XBP common stock as contemplated by the Plan (in addition to any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan).

In connection with the Restructuring, XBP is asking its stockholders to approve the Amended Charter (as defined below) and other related proposals.

The approval of the Charter Amendment Proposals (other than Proposal 3C) requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock as of the Record Date entitled to vote thereon. The approval of Proposal 3C requires the affirmative vote of 75% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of XBP entitled to vote generally in the election of directors at the meeting voting together as a single class. Accordingly, a XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting or an abstention will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Charter Amendment Proposals.

The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires a plurality vote of the shares of XBP common stock cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting. A plurality means that the individuals who receive the largest number of votes cast “FOR” are elected as directors. A XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting will have no effect on the Director Election Proposal. You may vote “FOR” or “WITHHOLD” authority to vote for each of the director nominees with respect to the Director Election Proposal. “WITHHOLD” votes will be counted towards the number of shares of XBP common stock required to validly establish a quorum but will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on the Director Election Proposal.

Mr. Jonovic, our CEO, shall remain on the Board following the Restructuring in accordance with the Plan.

Each of our directors holds capital stock in both ETI and XBP, and each of our directors will receive a release of claims from the Debtors as part of the Plan.

All of our directors other than Mr. Jonovic were previously board members of ETI.

Our executive officers, Messrs. Jonovic, Avramovic and Robu may be entitled to enhanced severance benefits under our Severance Plan (as defined below) for 24 months following the Restructuring.

If your XBP shares are held in “street name” by a broker or other agent, you have the right to direct your broker or other agent on how to vote the shares in your account. You are also invited to attend the Annual Meeting online. However, since you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares online at the Annual Meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from your broker or other agent.

A “broker non-vote” occurs when shares held by a broker for the account of a beneficial owner are not voted for or against a particular proposal because the broker has not received voting instructions from that beneficial owner and the broker does not have discretionary authority to vote those shares in the absence of such instructions. Due to the limited time between the mailing of this proxy statement and the Annual Meeting, your broker may not be able to vote your shares on any proposal without your instructions — including routine matters. If you do not provide timely voting instructions, your shares may not be represented at the meeting, and broker non-votes could affect the outcome of certain proposals depending on the voting standard. Please vote your shares as soon as possible. Broker non-votes will not be counted as present for the purposes of establishing a quorum.

Broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Charter Amendment Proposals. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the Director Election Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, or the Adjournment Proposal.

To obtain timely delivery, XBP stockholders must request the materials by e-mail no later than five business days prior to the meeting.

You may also obtain additional information about XBP from documents filed with the SEC by following the instructions in the section titled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

This summary, together with the section titled “Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers about the XBP Proposals,” summarizes certain information contained in this proxy statement and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To better understand the Proposals to be considered at the Annual Meeting, you should read this entire proxy statement carefully, including the annexes. See also the section titled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Summary to the “Company” or “XBP” refer to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. Frequently used definitions can also be found under the heading “Frequently Used Terms” above.

On July 3, 2025, XBP purchased, subject to certain terms and conditions, the BPA Group, which comprises the American and Asian operating business of XBP’s indirect parent company ETI. The BPA Group was acquired pursuant to the MIPA for nominal consideration since almost all of the material assets of the BPA Group are held by entities that filed the Chapter 11 Cases. If the Debtors fail to emerge from Chapter 11 before August 7, 2025, including as a result of the failure to obtain the approval of the proposals relevant to the Restructuring contained in this proxy statement, the parties to the MIPA have agreed to rescind the acquisition of the BPA Group and to restore the status quo ante the acquisition unless an extension is agreed among the parties to the MIPA and certain other interested stakeholders.

On May 7, 2025, the Debtors, including the BPA Group, filed the Plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 Cases. The Debtors received conditional approval of the Disclosure Statement and the Bankruptcy Court approved procedures pursuant to which the Debtors solicited votes to accept or reject the Plan. The majority of the Debtors’ creditors that were entitled to vote on the Plan accepted it. On June 23, 2025, the Bankruptcy Court approved the Disclosure Statement on a final basis and confirmed the Plan.

Additional information about the Chapter 11 Cases, including the disclosure statement and plan of reorganization filed in the Chapter 11 Cases can be found at the Debtors’ restructuring website: https://cases.omniagentsolutions.com/?clientId=3734.

The Plan incorporates the terms of a global and comprehensive settlement reached in the Chapter 11 Cases among the Debtors, the Consenting Creditors, ETI, certain non-Debtor subsidiaries of ETI other than XBP, and the committee of unsecured creditor in the Chapter 11 Cases. The material terms of the Restructuring contemplated under the Plan are set forth below.

Capitalized terms used below but not defined herein have the meanings given such terms in the Plan. A copy of the Plan is available at the Debtor’s restructuring website: https://cases.omniagentsolutions.com/?clientId=3734.

All Allowed Notes Claims will be satisfied in part by the distribution of 73,292,639 to 74,437,837 shares of newly issued XBP common stock and warrants in respect of 9,544,489 shares of newly issued XBP common stock.

Certain backstop and funding fees notionally payable in the equity of the Debtors will be satisfied in exchange for up to 8,507,181 shares of our newly-issued XBP common stock.

Before any new issuance of XBP common stock by XBP, XCV-EMEA will cause all of the shares of XBP common stock held by its subsidiary, BTC, XBP’s largest shareholder, to be distributed to the holders of Allowed Notes Claims, to satisfy XCV-EMEA’s guarantee of certain of the Secured Debt, thereby adding additional consideration to the newly issued XBP common stock described above.

DIP Financing. The Chapter 11 Cases are being financed by $185 million in post-petition loans and advances to the Debtors, comprising $80 million of new Money Loans and $105 million of Roll-Up Loans (prior loans that will not be equitized).

On the Plan Effective Date, in accordance with the Plan we will acquire XCV-EMEA, but only upon the conclusion of the Restructuring transactions described below, and only after XCV-EMEA no longer owns our shares.

Pursuant to the Plan, the board of directors of the Company shall adopt the Rights Agreement to protect shareholders from unsolicited takeovers. This agreement, often referred to as a “poison pill,” grants one right per common share, exercisable if any shareholder acquires 30% or more of XBP’s common stock (subject to exceptions including existing holdings and shares issuable pursuant to the Plan). Upon such an event, each right allows holders, except the acquiring shareholder, to purchase additional shares at a significant discount, diluting the acquiring shareholder’s stake. The Rights Agreement aims to ensure a fair acquisition process, preserving shareholder value during potential hostile takeover attempts. However, the Rights Agreement may limit shareholders’ ability to sell their shares at a premium. The rights are set to expire eighteen months from the date of adoption of the Rights Agreement, unless redeemed or exchanged earlier by the Board.

Pursuant to the Plan, XBP expects to enter into a Registration Rights Agreement granting registration rights to certain persons receiving shares of XBP common stock in the Restructuring The Registration Rights Agreement grants certain holders of the outstanding XBP common stock certain rights to register such shares, including through shelf registrations on Form S-3 or Form S-1, which XBP must file and maintain effective to allow resale of the shares on a delayed or continuous basis. Such holders may request demand registrations for their shares, provided the offering meets certain financial thresholds, and they will be entitled to participate in piggyback takedowns when XBP registers its own securities. The Registration Rights Agreement will also include provisions for underwriting, lock-up periods restricting sales before and after offerings, and XBP’s undertakings to facilitate registrations, cover registration expenses, and provide indemnification and contribution for liabilities arising from registration statements.

In connection with the Restructuring, if implemented, and as part of the Plan, XBP is seeking certain amendments to its certificate of incorporation (as described in this proxy statement) and separately will increase the size of its Board to seven (7) directors, and provide the Consenting Creditors a one-time right to designate four (4) nominees for appointment to the Board on behalf of all the recipients of our common stock under the Plan, and a lead independent director will be selected from the independent directors by a majority vote of the directors. Messrs. Akins and Clark will be required to resign effective prior to such appointment, leaving Messrs. Chadha, Jonovic and Reynolds to continue serving on the Board. As of the date of this proxy statement, no new director nominees have been proposed.

On July 3, 2025, XBP entered into the Transaction Support Agreement with the Debtors where XBP and the Debtors agreed, among other things, to support and take all commercially reasonable actions necessary and appropriate to facilitate the Plan, including seeking the shareholder approvals for Proposals 3 to 5, as further described in this proxy statement, and thereafter issuing up to 91,344,311 shares of XBP common stock as contemplated by the Plan (in addition to any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan).

To consider and vote upon a proposal to elect two directors to serve on the board of directors until the 2028 annual meeting of stockholders or until such earlier time as may result from the approval of Proposal 3C and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified (the “Director Election Proposal”);

To consider and vote upon a proposal to ratify the appointment of UHY LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2025 (the “Auditor Ratification Proposal”).

To approve and adopt an amendment and restatement to the second amended and restated certificate of incorporation of XBP (the “XBP Charter”), as set out in the draft third amended and restated version of XBP Charter appended to this proxy statement as Annex A (the “Amended Charter”), for the following amendments (collectively, the “Charter Amendment Proposals”):

To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635, the issuance of up to 91,344,311 newly issued shares of XBP common stock plus any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan, which amount will be determined as described in more detail in this proxy statement (the “Nasdaq Proposal”).

To adopt an amendment to the XBP Charter to effect a reverse split of XBP’s outstanding common stock at a ratio in the range of 1-for-3 to 1-for-15, to be determined at the discretion of XBP’s board of directors and publicly announced during 2025, whereby each outstanding 3 to 15 shares would be combined, converted and changed into 1 share of XBP common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split Proposal”).

To consider and vote upon a proposal to adjourn the Annual Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies if, based upon the tabulated vote at the time of the Annual Meeting, there are not sufficient votes to approve the Charter Amendment Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal or the Nasdaq Proposal. We refer to this proposal as the “Adjournment Proposal.”

The Annual Meeting will be held virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM at 10:00 a.m. (Eastern Time), on July 25, 2025, or at such other date and time to which such meeting may be adjourned or postponed, to consider and vote upon the Proposals. We will hold the Annual Meeting solely by means of remote communication.

Proxies may be solicited by telephone, by facsimile, by mail, on the Internet or in person by XBP. If a stockholder grants a proxy, it may still vote its shares in person if it revokes its proxy before the Annual Meeting. A stockholder may also change its vote by submitting a later-dated proxy, as described in the section titled “Annual Meeting — Revoking Your Proxy.”

XBP is soliciting proxies on behalf of its Board. This solicitation is being made by mail but also may be made by telephone or in person. XBP and its directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies in person. XBP will file with the SEC all scripts and other electronic communications as proxy soliciting materials. XBP will bear the cost of the solicitation.

XBP will ask banks, brokers and other institutions, nominees, and fiduciaries to forward the proxy materials to their respective principals and to obtain their authority to execute proxies and voting instructions. XBP will reimburse such banks, brokers, and other institutions, nominees, and fiduciaries for their reasonable expenses.

XBP has not engaged a proxy solicitor for the upcoming shareholder meeting. While XBP reserves the right to do so if circumstances change, it currently does not anticipate that engaging a proxy solicitor will be necessary. XBP intends to conduct its own solicitation of proxies and will bear all associated costs. We believe that our shareholders will participate and vote based on the information we have received from our stockholders and the information provided in this proxy statement.

A quorum of XBP stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present at the Annual Meeting if a majority of the XBP common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is represented in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and “WITHHOLD” votes will count as present for the purposes of establishing a quorum. Broker non-votes will not be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum.

The approval of the Charter Amendment Proposals requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding XBP common stock as of the Record Date. Accordingly, a XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting or an abstention will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Charter Amendment Proposals.

The approval of the Nasdaq Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, and the Adjournment Proposal each require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of XBP common stock cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting. A XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting or an abstention will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on the Nasdaq Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal and Adjournment Proposal.

The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires a plurality vote of the shares of XBP common stock cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting. A XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting or a “WITHHOLD” vote will no effect on the Director Election Proposal.

No Proposal is conditioned on the approval of any other proposal set forth in this proxy statement, except that the authority conveyed in Proposal 3D will depend on the vote on the amendments proposed in Proposals 3A to 3C.

The XBP Board believes that the Proposals to be presented at the Annual Meeting are in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders and recommends that XBP stockholders vote “FOR” the Proposals.

When you consider the recommendation of the XBP Board in favor of approval of these Proposals, you should keep in mind that XBP directors and officers have interests that may be different from or in addition to (and which may conflict with) your interests as a stockholder. Please see the sections entitled “Risk Factors” of this proxy statement for a further discussion of these interests and other risks. These interests include, among other things, the fact that:

This discussion includes forward-looking information regarding XBP business, results of operations and cash flows and contractual obligations and arrangements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. XBP’s actual results may differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the sections of this proxy statement entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” The term XBP Global is used to describe XBP’s business, giving effect to the Acquisition and the Restructuring.

XBP’s business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should be aware of before making an investment decision. The following is a summary of the principal risk factors that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained elsewhere in this proxy statement as well as the “Risk Factors” section of XBP’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which provides a comprehensive overview of material risks facing XBP and is provided in the proxy materials.

The risks described above are not the only risks facing XBP Global. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to XBP or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Should any of the risks described above or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In such circumstances, the value and trading price could decline significantly, and you may lose some or all of your investment. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this proxy statement.

Stockholders should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this proxy statement, including the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included herein, before they decide whether to vote or instruct their vote to be cast to approve the proposals described in this proxy statement. If any of the following risks actually occurs, it may have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations or financial condition of XBP, and could adversely affect the trading price of XBP’s common stock. The risks described in this “Risk Factors” section may change. If the risks and uncertainties that XBP plans for are incomplete, or if XBP fails to fully understand and manage these risks successfully this failure may have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operation of XBP. The Risks Related to the Restructuring address the BPA Group specifically, but as our subsidiary, those risks also affect XBP. After consummation of the Acquisition XBP is comprised of the BPA Group and the prior existing businesses of XBP. The Risks Related to XBP Global provides a summary of those risks associated XBP’s businesses on that basis, i.e., as a combination of the BPA Group’s businesses and XBP’s businesses prior to the Acquisition and Restructuring. However, this section is not intended to be exhaustive, the following risks should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included herein and the “Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which provides a comprehensive overview of material risks facing the Company and is included in the proxy materials.

Despite debt reduction through the Restructuring, the BPA Group will maintain approximately $367 million in secured indebtedness, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage and limit our operational flexibility compared to less leveraged competitors.

After giving effect to the Restructuring, the BPA Group will have approximately $367 million in secured funded indebtedness. The degree to which the BPA Group will be leveraged could have important consequences, placing the BPA Group at a competitive disadvantage to other, less leveraged competitors, because, among other things: it could affect the BPA Group’s ability to satisfy its obligations under its indebtedness following the Effective Date; a portion of the BPA Group’s cash flow from operations will be used for debt service under the Plan and therefore will be unavailable to support operations or for working capital, capital expenditures, expansion, acquisitions or general corporate or other purposes; the BPA Group’s ability to refinance its then-existing debt, obtain additional debt financing or equity financing, or pursue mergers, acquisitions and asset sales, on terms acceptable to them or at all, may be limited and its costs of borrowing may be increased; as a result of its significant indebtedness, the BPA Group may be more vulnerable to economic downturns and its ability to withstand competitive pressures may be limited; and the BPA Group’s operational flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes, opportunities and challenges in its businesses, including changes in the market sector in which it competes, changes in its business and strategic opportunities, and adverse developments in its operations, may be severely limited.

The BPA Group will continue to face significant interest expense and principal repayment obligations despite debt reduction, and our ability to service this debt depends on future performance and cash generation that is subject to factors beyond our control.

Following the Restructuring, the BPA Group will have less indebtedness than before, however, the BPA Group will still have significant interest expense and principal repayment obligations. The BPA Group’s ability to make payments on and to refinance its debt will depend on its future financial and operating performance and its ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, business, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond the control of the BPA Group.

There can be no assurance that the BPA Group will be able to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that sufficient future borrowings will be available to pay off the BPA Group’s debt obligations. The BPA Group may need to refinance all or a portion of its debt on or before maturity; however, there can be no assurance that the BPA Group will be able to refinance any of its debt on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If the BPA Group’s cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund its debt service obligations and other cash requirements, the BPA Group could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to sell assets or operations, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance its indebtedness and settlement obligations. The BPA Group may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, such alternative actions may not allow the BPA Group to meet its scheduled debt service obligations and settlement obligations. The agreements governing the BPA Group’s indebtedness at emergence (the “Exit Facilities”) are expected to (a) have terms and conditions that restrict its ability to dispose of assets and the use of proceeds from any such dispositions and (b) restrict its ability to raise debt capital.

The BPA Group’s inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy its debt obligations, or to refinance its indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would materially and adversely affect its financial position and results of operations. If the BPA Group cannot make scheduled payments on its debt, an event of default may result. An event of default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt as well as any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. If the BPA Group is unable to repay amounts outstanding under its financing agreements when due, the lenders thereunder could, subject to the terms of the financing agreements, seek to foreclose on the collateral that is pledged to secure the indebtedness outstanding under such facility.

As a result of these uncertainties, the BPA Group believes there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The report of BPA Group’s independent registered public accounting firm on the BPA Group’s financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 includes an explanatory paragraph indicating that there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Managements plans regarding these matters are described in Note 1 to the combined and consolidated financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The BPA Group’s obligations under the Exit Facilities will be secured by liens on substantially all assets, giving secured lenders superior claims and foreclosure rights in the event of insolvency, liquidation, or default.

The BPA Group’s obligations under the Exit Facilities are expected to be secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the BPA Group. If the BPA Group becomes insolvent or is liquidated, or if there is a default under certain financing agreements, including, but not limited to, the Exit Facilities, and payment on any obligation thereunder is accelerated, the lenders under and holders of the Exit Facilities would be entitled, subject to the applicable intercreditor agreements and other applicable credit documents, to exercise the remedies available to a secured lender under applicable law, including foreclosure on the collateral that is pledged to secure the indebtedness thereunder, and they would have a claim on the assets securing the obligations under the applicable facility that would be superior to any claim of the holders of unsecured debt.

Restrictive debt covenants in the BPA Group’s financing agreements will significantly limit management’s discretion and our ability to conduct business, pursue opportunities, and respond to changing circumstances, with defaults potentially triggering acceleration and foreclosure.

The financing agreements governing the BPA Group’s indebtedness are expected to contain various covenants that may limit the discretion of our management by restricting the BPA Group’s ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends or make certain restricted payments, make investments, consummate certain asset sales, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, merge, consolidate and sell or dispose of all or substantially all of its assets. As a result of these covenants, the BPA Group will be limited in the manner in which it conducts its business and may be unable to engage in favorable business activities or finance future operations or capital needs.

Any failure to comply with the restrictions of the financing agreements may result in an event of default. An event of default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt as well as any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. If the BPA Group is unable to repay amounts outstanding under its financing agreements when due, the lenders thereunder could, subject to the terms of the financing agreements, seek to foreclose on the collateral that is pledged to secure the indebtedness outstanding under such facility. As a result of these restrictions, the BPA Group may be limited in how it conducts its business, unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns, unable to respond to changing circumstances or to pursue business strategies and unable to compete effectively, execute its growth strategy or take advantage of new business opportunities.

Despite restrictions in the BPA Group’s debt agreements, it may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, which could intensify current financial risks and strain its ability to obtain necessary financing for corporate purposes on acceptable terms.

The BPA Group may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although agreements governing the BPA Group’s indebtedness are expected to restrict the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are and will be subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If new debt is added to the BPA Group’s anticipated debt levels, the related risks that the BPA Group now face could intensify.

Moreover, the BPA Group may need to seek additional financing for general corporate purposes. For example, it may need funds to make acquisitions or for capital expenditures needed to remain competitive in its market sector. The BPA Group may be unable to obtain any desired additional financing on terms that are favorable or acceptable, including as a result of its debt levels or if there is a decline in the demand for its services or in the solvency of its customers, vendors or suppliers or other significantly unfavorable changes in economic conditions occur. Depending on market conditions, adequate funds may not be available to the BPA Group on acceptable terms or at all, and it may be unable to fund expansion, successfully develop or enhance products, or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the BPA Group’s, and consequently our, competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The consummation of the Restructuring may result in substantial U.S. federal, state and local income tax liabilities for ETI, with joint and several liability for certain members of the BPA Group and uncertain liquidity to satisfy resulting cash tax obligations.

The consummation of the Restructuring may give rise to the recognition of a substantial amount of income or gain by the affiliated group of corporations that files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return with ETI, of which the BPA Group was a member. While such transaction tax liability is generally a liability of ETI, certain members of the BPA Group will be jointly and severally liable for any such taxes that arose during the period prior to the Acquisition. No assurances can be given that ETI or the BPA Group will have sufficient liquidity to satisfy any resulting current or future cash tax costs.

Our directors and officers have financial and other incentives that may influence them to support the Restructuring without regard to the interests of public stockholders, which could subject us to litigation or regulatory scrutiny.

Our directors and officers have financial and other incentives to help consummate the Restructuring that may not align with the interests of public stockholders. Some of our officers and directors may be argued to have conflicts of interest that may influence them to support or approve the Proposals without regard to your interests. These incentives and conflicts of interest include:

These interests and conflicts of interest may influence the officers and directors of XBP and BPA to support or approve the Proposals without adequate regard for the interests of public stockholders. Additionally, these conflicts of interest and the related party nature of the Restructuring may subject us to increased litigation risk from shareholders challenging the fairness of the transaction, as well as additional regulatory scrutiny from the SEC or other agencies, which could result in increased costs, delays, or other adverse consequences for the Company. The conflicts of interest and potential for enhanced judicial scrutiny may also negatively impact market perception of the transaction and our stock price, regardless of the transaction’s merits.

XBP’s stockholders may not realize benefits from the Restructuring commensurate with the ownership dilution they will experience.

If XBP is unable to realize the full strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Acquisition and Restructuring, XBP’s stockholders will have experienced substantial dilution of their ownership interests without receiving any commensurate benefit, or only receiving part of the commensurate benefit to the extent XBP is able to realize only part of the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Acquisition and Restructuring.

Many of XBP Global’s customer contracts may be terminated without cause and with limited notice, and government contracts subject us to audits, investigations, and potential penalties that could result in contract termination, financial liability, and reputational damage.

Many of XBP Global’s customer contracts may be terminated by XBP Global’s customers without cause and without any fee or penalty, with only limited notice. XBP Global may not be able to replace a customer that elects to terminate or fails to renew its contract with them. In addition, a portion of XBP Global’s revenues is derived from contracts with the U.S. federal and state governments and their agencies and from contracts with foreign governments and their agencies. Government entities typically finance projects through appropriated funds. The public procurement environment is unpredictable and this could adversely affect XBP Global’s ability to perform work under new and existing contracts, including as a result of XBP Global’s business being diverted to a small or disadvantaged or minority-owned business pursuant to set-aside programs.

Moreover, government contracts are generally subject to a right to conduct audits and investigations by government agencies. If the government finds that it was inappropriately charged any costs to a contract, the costs are not reimbursable or, if already reimbursed, the cost must be refunded to the government. Additionally, XBP Global may be subject to various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, which may include termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspensions or debarment from doing business with the government. Further, the negative publicity that could arise from any such penalties, sanctions or findings in such audits or investigations could have an adverse effect on XBP Global’s reputation in the industry and reduce XBP Global’s ability to compete for new contracts and could materially adversely affect XBP Global’s results of operations and financial condition.

XBP Global’s long-term contracts are based on cost estimates that may prove inaccurate, and our inability to offset increased operational costs with corresponding fee increases could materially impact our financial performance.

The pricing and other terms of XBP Global’s customer contracts, particularly XBP Global’s long-term contract center agreements, are based on estimates and assumptions XBP Global makes at the time XBP Global enters into those contracts. These estimates reflect XBP Global’s best judgments regarding the nature of the engagement and XBP Global’s expected costs to provide the contracted services and could differ from actual results. Not all of XBP Global’s larger long-term contracts allow for escalation of fees as XBP Global’s cost of operations increase and those that allow for such escalations do not always allow increases at rates comparable to increases that XBP Global experiences. Where XBP Global cannot negotiate long-term contract terms that provide for fee adjustments to reflect increases in its cost of service delivery, XBP Global’s business, financial conditions, and results of operation would be materially impacted.

XBP Global’s business process automation solutions require extended selling cycles and implementation periods, which can strain finances through upfront expenses without immediate revenue and create risks of contract loss after significant investment.

XBP Global often faces long selling cycles to secure new contracts for its business process automation solutions. If XBP Global is successful in obtaining an engagement, the selling cycle can be followed by a long implementation period. Delays in internal approvals, technology implementations, or customer decisions can prolong these cycles. Even if XBP Global succeeds in developing a relationship with a potential customer and begins to discuss the services in detail, the potential customer may choose a competitor or decide to retain the work in-house prior to the time a contract is signed. Additionally, XBP Global may not begin receiving revenue until after the implementation period and XBP Global’s solution is fully operational, leading to upfront expenses without immediate profits. These extended cycles can strain finances, especially when hiring new staff before revenue collection. XBP Global’s inability to obtain contractual commitments after a selling cycle, maintain contractual commitments after the implementation period or limit expenses prior to the receipt of corresponding revenue may have a material adverse effect on XBP Global’s business, results of operation and financial condition.

XBP Global operates in a highly competitive industry and faces significant competition from companies with stronger financial resources, better brand recognition, and lower-cost operations, as well as from customers who may choose to perform services in-house.

XBP Global’s industry is highly competitive, fragmented and subject to rapid change. XBP Global competes primarily against local, national, regional and large multi-national information and payment technology companies, including focused business process outsourcing companies based in offshore locations, business process outsourcing divisions of information technology companies located in India, other business process outsourcing and business process automation and consulting services and digital transformation solution providers and the in-house capabilities of XBP Global’s customers and potential customers. These competitors may include entrants from adjacent industries or entrants in geographic locations with lower costs than those in which XBP Global operates.

Some of XBP Global’s competitors have stronger financial, marketing and technological capabilities, larger customer bases, and better brand recognition. Expansion of customers’ global delivery centers or strategic partnership with larger firms may increase competition. Further, XBP Global expects competition to intensify in the future as more companies enter XBP Global’s markets and customers consolidate the services they require among fewer vendors. Increased competition, XBP Global’s inability to compete successfully against competitors, pricing pressures or loss of market share could result in reduced operating margins which could adversely affect XBP Global’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

XBP Global operates in an industry characterized by rapid technological change, and our failure to develop competitive technology solutions, adapt to digital transformation trends, or respond to evolving customer needs could result in loss of market share and revenue.

The process of developing new services and solutions is inherently complex and uncertain, requiring accurate anticipation of customer needs and emerging trends. It requires that XBP Global make long-term investments and commit significant resources before knowing whether these investments will eventually result in services that achieve customer acceptance and generate the revenues required to provide desired returns. If XBP Global fails to accurately anticipate and meet its customers’ needs through the development of new technologies and service offerings or if XBP Global’s new services are not widely accepted, XBP Global could lose market share and customers to its competitors and that could materially adversely affect XBP Global’s results of operations and financial condition. More specifically, the business process solutions industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer preferences. The success of XBP Global’s business depends, in part, upon XBP Global’s ability to develop technology and solutions that keep pace with changes in XBP Global’s industry and the industries of its customers. Although XBP Global has made, and will continue to make, significant investments in the research, design and development of new technology and platforms-driven solutions, XBP Global may not be successful in addressing these changes on a timely basis or in marketing the changes XBP Global implements. In addition, products or technologies developed by others may render XBP Global’s services uncompetitive or obsolete. Failure to address these developments could have a material adverse effect on XBP Global’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, existing and potential customers are actively shifting their businesses away from paper-based environments to electronic environments with reduced needs for physical document management and processing. This shift may result in decreased demand for the physical document management services XBP Global provides such that XBP Global’s business and revenues may become more reliant on technology-based services in electronic environments, which are typically provided at lower prices compared to physical document management services. Though XBP Global has solutions for customers seeking to make these types of transitions, a significant shift by XBP Global’s customers away from physical documents to non-paper based technologies, whether now existing or developed in the future, could adversely affect XBP Global’s business, results of operation and financial condition.

Also, some of the large international companies in the industry have significant financial resources and compete with XBP Global to provide document processing services and/or business process services. XBP Global competes primarily on the basis of technology, performance, price, quality, reliability, brand, distribution and customer service and support. XBP Global’s success in future performance is largely dependent upon XBP Global’s ability to compete successfully, to promptly and effectively react to changing technologies and customer expectations and to expand into additional market segments. To remain competitive, XBP Global must develop services and applications; periodically enhance its existing offerings; remain cost efficient; and attract and retain key personnel and management. If XBP Global is unable to compete successfully, XBP Global could lose market share and important customers to its competitors and that could materially adversely affect XBP Global’s results of operations and financial condition.

XBP Global’s reliance on third-party hardware and software creates risks of service disruptions, increased costs, and operational delays if vendors discontinue products, raise prices, or if we encounter defects in third-party components.

Although XBP Global developed its platform-driven solutions internally, XBP Global relies, in some cases, on third-party hardware and software in connection with its service offerings which XBP Global either purchases or leases from third-party vendors. While XBP Global is able to select from various competing hardware and software applications, detecting design defects or software errors is challenging due to complexity and unique specifications. Any errors or defects in third-party hardware or software incorporated into XBP Global’s service offerings may result in a delay or loss of revenue, diversion of resources, damage to XBP Global’s reputation, or potential claims against XBP Global.

Further, this hardware and software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any loss of the right to use any of this hardware or software, or any increases in the price charged by third-party vendors, could negatively affect XBP Global’s business until equivalent technology is either developed by XBP Global or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated on commercially reasonable terms. Further, changing hardware vendors or software licensors could detract from management’s ability to focus on the ongoing operations of XBP Global’s business or could cause delays in the operations of XBP Global’s business.

XBP Global’s Internet-based services depend on the infrastructure and stability of the Internet, and outages, cyber incidents, or regulatory restrictions could result in service interruptions and loss of customers.

The Internet’s infrastructure comprises many different networks and services that are highly fragmented and distributed by design. This infrastructure is run by a series of independent third-party organizations that work together to provide the infrastructure and supporting services of the Internet. The Internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damages to portions of its infrastructure, denial-of-service attacks or related cyber incidents, and it could face outages and delays in the future, potentially reducing the availability of the Internet to XBP Global or its customers for delivery of XBP Global’s Internet-based services. Any resulting interruptions in XBP Global’s services or the ability of its customers to access XBP Global’s services could result in a loss of potential or existing customers and harm XBP Global’s business. Additionally, regulatory actions in certain countries may limit access to the Internet or change the legal protections available to businesses that depend on the Internet for the delivery of its services, which would negatively impact access to XBP Global’s services, increase XBP Global’s risk or add liabilities, impede XBP Global’s growth, productivity and operational effectiveness, result in the loss of potential or existing customers and harm XBP Global’s business.

Certain higher-risk engagements involving significant financial sums, sensitive data, or complex legal matters could expose XBP Global to increased liability, reputational damage, and operational disruption despite our risk mitigation efforts.

XBP Global provides certain business process solutions for customers that, for financial, legal or other reasons, may present higher risks compared to other types of claims processing or document management engagements. Examples of higher risk engagements include class action and other legal distributions involving significant sums of money, economic analysis and expert testimony in high stakes legal matters, and engagements where XBP Global receives or processes sensitive data, including personal consumer or private health information.

While XBP Global attempts to identify higher risk engagements and customers and mitigate its exposure by taking certain preventive measures and, where necessary, turning down certain engagements, these efforts may be ineffective and an actual or alleged error or omission on XBP Global’s part, the part of XBP Global’s customer or other third parties or possible fraudulent activity in one or more of these higher-risk engagements could result in the diversion of management resources, damage to XBP Global’s reputation, increased service costs or impaired market acceptance of XBP Global’s services, any of which could negatively impact XBP Global’s business and financial condition.

XBP Global’s business depends on protecting our intellectual property and avoiding infringement claims from others, and failure in either area could result in loss of competitive advantage, substantial damages, or operational restrictions.

XBP Global’s success depends in part on certain methodologies and practices XBP Global utilizes in developing and implementing applications and other proprietary intellectual property rights. In order to protect such rights, XBP Global relies upon a combination of nondisclosure and other contractual arrangements, as well as trade secret, copyright, trademark and patent laws. XBP Global also generally enters into confidentiality agreements with its employees, customers and potential customers and limits access to and distribution of XBP Global’s proprietary information. There can be no assurance that the laws, rules, regulations and treaties in effect in the U.S., India and the other jurisdictions in which XBP Global operates and the contractual and other protective measures XBP Global takes are adequate to protect them from misappropriation or unauthorized use of its intellectual property, or that such laws will not change. There can be no assurance that the resources invested by XBP Global to protect its intellectual property will be sufficient or that its intellectual property portfolio will adequately deter misappropriation or improper use of XBP Global’s technology, and its intellectual property rights may not prevent competitors from independently developing or selling products and services similar to or duplicative of XBP Global’s. XBP Global may not be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce its rights, and any such steps may be costly and unsuccessful. Infringement by others of XBP Global’s intellectual property, including the costs of enforcing its intellectual property rights, may have a material adverse effect on XBP Global’s business, results of operations and financial condition. XBP Global could also face competition in some countries where it has not invested in an intellectual property portfolio.

If XBP Global is not able to protect its intellectual property, the value of XBP Global’s brand and other intangible assets may be diminished, and its business may be adversely affected. Further, although XBP Global believes that it is not infringing on the intellectual property rights of others, claims may nonetheless be successfully asserted against XBP Global in the future, and XBP Global may be the target of enforcement of patents or other intellectual property by third parties, including aggressive and opportunistic enforcement claims by non-practicing entities. Regardless of the merit of such claims, responding to infringement claims can be expensive and time-consuming. If XBP Global is found to infringe any third-party rights, XBP Global could be required to pay substantial damages or XBP Global could be enjoined from offering some of its products and services. The costs of defending any such claims could be significant, and any successful claim may require XBP Global to modify its services. The value of, or XBP Global’s ability to use, its intellectual property may also be negatively impacted by dependencies on third parties, such as XBP Global’s ability to obtain or renew on reasonable terms licenses that XBP Global needs in the future, or XBP Global’s ability to secure or retain ownership or rights to use data in certain software analytics or services offerings. Any such circumstances may have a material adverse effect on XBP Global’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

XBP Global’s revenues are concentrated making us vulnerable to downturns, consolidation, or regulatory changes in these specific sectors.

A substantial portion of XBP Global’s revenues are derived from specific industries. XBP Global’s success largely depends on continued demand for its services from customers in these industries, and a downturn or reversal of the demand for business process solutions, or the introduction of regulations that restrict or discourage companies from engaging XBP Global’s services, could materially adversely affect XBP Global’s business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, consolidation in any of these industries or combinations or mergers, particularly involving XBP Global’s customers, may decrease the potential number of customers for XBP Global’s services. XBP Global has been affected by the worsening of economic conditions and significant consolidation in the financial services industry and continuation of this trend may negatively affect XBP Global’s revenues and profitability.

XBP Global’s competitive bidding process for commercial and government contracts requires substantial upfront investment with uncertain returns and exposes us to protest risks, cost estimation challenges, and opportunity costs.

Many of the contracts XBP Global is awarded through competitive bidding procedures are extremely complex and require the investment of significant resources in order to prepare accurate bids and proposals. Competitive bidding imposes substantial costs and presents a number of risks that may adversely affect XBP Global’s financial position, including: (i) the substantial cost and managerial time and effort that XBP Global spends to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may or may not be awarded to XBP Global; (ii) the need to estimate accurately the resources and costs that will be required to implement and service any contracts XBP Global is awarded, sometimes in advance of the final determination of its full scope and design; (iii) the expense and delay that may arise if XBP Global’s competitors protest or challenge awards made to XBP Global pursuant to competitive bidding and the risk that such protests or challenges could result in the requirement to resubmit bids and in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contracts, or may eventually lead to litigation; and (iv) the opportunity cost of not bidding on and winning other contracts XBP Global might otherwise pursue.

XBP Global’s profitability depends on our ability to obtain adequate pricing for our services in competitive markets and maintain cost efficiency through restructuring actions, technology initiatives, and global delivery centers, and our failure to achieve productivity improvements or absorb pricing pressures could materially adversely affect our results of operations, particularly given increasingly stringent service requirements and operational risks in developing countries.

XBP Global’s success depends on XBP Global’s ability to obtain adequate pricing for its services. Depending on competitive market factors, future prices XBP Global obtains for its services may decline from previous levels. If XBP Global is unable to obtain adequate pricing for its services, it could materially adversely affect XBP Global’s results of operations and financial condition. In addition, XBP Global’s contracts are increasingly requiring tighter timelines for implementation as well as more stringent service level metrics. This makes the bidding process for new contracts much more difficult and requires XBP Global to adequately consider these requirements in the pricing of XBP Global’s services.

XBP Global, from time to time, engages in restructuring actions to reduce XBP Global’s cost structure. If XBP Global is unable to continue to maintain its cost base at or below the current level and maintain process and systems changes resulting from prior restructuring actions or to realize the expected cost reductions in the ongoing strategic transformation program, it could materially adversely affect XBP Global’s results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in order to meet the service requirements of XBP Global’s customers, which often includes 24/7 service, and to optimize XBP Global’s employee cost base, including XBP Global’s back-office support, XBP Global often locates its delivery service and back-office support centers in lower-cost locations, including several developing countries. Concentrating XBP Global’s centers in these locations presents a number of operational risks, many of which are beyond XBP Global’s control, including the risks of political instability, natural disasters, safety and security risks, labor disruptions, excessive employee turnover and rising labor rates.

XBP Global’s ability to sustain and improve profit margins is dependent on a number of factors, including XBP Global’s ability to continue to improve the cost efficiency of XBP Global’s operations through such programs as process automation, to absorb the level of pricing pressures on XBP Global’s services through cost improvements and to successfully complete information technology initiatives. If any of these factors adversely materialize or if XBP Global is unable to achieve and maintain productivity improvements through restructuring actions or information technology initiatives, XBP Global’s ability to offset labor cost inflation and competitive price pressures would be impaired, each of which could materially adversely affect XBP Global’s results of operations and financial condition.

Service defects, disruptions, or performance problems could damage our reputation, hurt customer relationships, and result in payment delays, contract non-renewals, warranty claims, and increased credit losses.

Since XBP Global’s customers use XBP Global’s services for important aspects of its business, any errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems could hurt XBP Global’s reputation and may damage XBP Global’s customers’ businesses. As a result, customers could elect not to renew XBP Global’s services or delay or withhold payment to XBP Global. XBP Global could also lose future sales or customers may make warranty or other claims against XBP Global, which could result in an increase in XBP Global’s allowance for expected credit losses, an increase in collection cycles for accounts receivable or the expense and risk of litigation.

XBP Global must maintain strict physical and information security standards subject to regular customer and third-party audits, and failure to meet these requirements or negative audit findings could result in contract termination and reputational damage.

Many of XBP Global’s customer contracts require that XBP Global maintain certain physical and/or information security standards, and, in certain cases, XBP Global permits a customer to audit XBP Global’s compliance with these contractual standards. Any failure to meet such standards or pass such audits may have a material adverse impact on XBP Global’s business. Further, customers from time to time may require stricter physical and/or information security than they negotiated in their contracts and may condition continued volumes and business on the satisfaction of such additional requirements. Some of these requirements may be expensive to implement or maintain and may not be factored into XBP Global’s contract pricing. Further, on an annual basis XBP Global obtains third-party audits of certain of XBP Global’s locations in accordance with Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements No. 16 (SSAE 16) put forth by the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). SSAE 16 is the current standard for reporting on controls at service organizations, and many of XBP Global’s customers expect that XBP Global will perform an annual SSAE 16 audit, and report to them the results. Negative findings in such an audit and/or the failure to adequately remediate in a timely fashion such negative findings may cause customers to terminate their contracts or otherwise have a material adverse effect on XBP Global’s reputation, results of operation and financial condition.

XBP Global faces significant cybersecurity risks and vulnerability to data breaches from sophisticated cyber threats, employee errors, and third-party compromises, which could result in loss of customer confidence, business disruption, legal liability, and substantial financial costs.

XBP Global collects and retains large volumes of internal and customer data, including personally identifiable information and other sensitive data both physically and electronically, for business purposes, and XBP Global’s various information technology systems enter, process, summarize and report such data.

XBP Global also maintains personally identifiable information about XBP Global’s employees. Safeguarding customer, employee and XBP Global’s own data is a key priority for XBP Global, and XBP Global’s customers and employees have come to rely on XBP Global for the protection of its information.

Despite XBP Global’s efforts to protect sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, XBP Global can provide no assurances that its security measures designed to protect XBP Global’s customers’ and XBP Global’s customers’ customers’ data will always be effective. XBP Global’s services and underlying infrastructure may in the future be materially breached or compromised as a result of the following:

These risks are mitigated, to the extent possible, by enhanced processes and internal security controls. However, XBP Global’s ability to mitigate these risks may be impacted by the following:

Yet, XBP Global remains vulnerable to such threats. A security breach or incident could result in unauthorized parties obtaining access to, or the denial of authorized access to, XBP Global’s IT systems or data, or XBP Global’s customers’ systems or data, including intellectual property and proprietary, sensitive or other confidential information. A security breach could also result in a loss of confidence in the security of XBP Global’s services, damage XBP Global’s reputation, negatively impact XBP Global’s future sales, disrupt XBP Global’s business and lead to increases in insurance premiums and legal, regulatory and financial exposure and liability. As an example, in June 2022 the BPA Group experienced a network outage which required them, among other things, to incur costs to respond to the incident and to limit access to its applications and services by their employees and customers. The June 2022 network outage is believed to have caused some customers to reduce volumes, look for alternate vendors and consider other providers for new requirements resulting in claims and lost revenue. Finally, the detection, prevention and remediation of known or potential security vulnerabilities, including those arising from third-party hardware or software, may result in additional financial burdens due to additional direct and indirect costs, such as additional infrastructure capacity spending to mitigate any system degradation and the reallocation of resources from development activities.

XBP Global’s increasing integration of AI into our offerings presents risks of reputational harm, legal liability, increased costs, and competitive disadvantage if AI applications generate controversy, perform inadequately, or require substantial investment in development and testing.

XBP Global is increasingly building AI into many of XBP Global’s offerings. As with many innovations, AI presents additional risks and challenges that could affect XBP Global’s business. If XBP Global enables or offers solutions that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on human rights, privacy, employment, or in other social contexts, XBP Global may experience reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. Data practices by XBP Global or others that result in controversy could also impair the acceptance of AI solutions. This in turn could undermine the decisions, predictions or analysis AI applications produce, subjecting XBP Global to competitive harm, legal liability or reputational harm. The rapid evolution of AI will require the application of resources to develop, test and maintain XBP Global’s products and services to help ensure that AI is implemented ethically in order to minimize unintended, harmful impact.

Uncertainty around new and emerging AI applications such as generative AI content creation may require additional investment in the development of proprietary datasets, machine learning models and systems to test for accuracy, bias and other variables, which are often complex, may be costly and could impact XBP Global’s profit margin as XBP Global decides to further expand generative AI into its product offerings.

Currency fluctuations between the U.S. Dollar and foreign currencies in our international operations could materially affect our recorded assets, liabilities, revenues, and operating margins.

The functional currencies of XBP Global’s businesses outside of the U.S. are the local currencies. Changes in exchange rates between these foreign currencies and the U.S. Dollar will affect the recorded levels of XBP Global’s assets, liabilities, net sales, cost of goods sold and operating margins and could result in exchange gains or losses. The primary foreign currencies to which XBP Global has exposure are the European Union Euro, Swedish Krona, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar and Indian rupees. Exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S. Dollar in recent years have fluctuated significantly and may do so in the future. XBP Global’s operating results and profitability may be affected by any volatility in currency exchange rates and XBP Global’s ability to manage effectively currency transaction and translation risks. To the extent the U.S. Dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, XBP Global’s foreign revenues and profits will be reduced when converted into and reported in U.S. Dollars.

Fluctuations in raw material costs, particularly paper, ink, and energy, may increase our operational expenses and reduce demand for our printing services, and we may be unable to pass these costs on to customers or benefit from by-product sales.

Purchases of paper, ink, energy and other raw materials represent a large portion of XBP Global’s costs. Increases in the costs of these inputs may increase XBP Global’s costs and it may not be able to pass these costs on to customers through higher prices. In addition, XBP Global may not be able to resell wastepaper and other print-related by-products or may be adversely impacted by decreases in the prices for these by-products. Increases in the cost of materials may adversely impact customers’ demand for XBP Global’s printing and printing-related services.

Changes in U.S. sales tax laws and state efforts to expand tax collection obligations could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales and significant administrative burdens and compliance costs.

XBP Global’s U.S. subsidiaries collect and remit sales tax in states in which the subsidiaries have physical presence or in which XBP Global believes sufficient nexus exists which obligates XBP Global to collect sales tax. Other states may, from time to time, claim that XBP Global has state-related activities constituting physical nexus to require such collection. Additionally, many other states seek to impose sales tax collection or reporting obligations on companies that sell goods to customers in their state, or directly to the state and its political subdivisions, regardless of physical presence. Such efforts by states have increased recently, as states seek to raise revenues without increasing the income tax burden on residents. XBP Global cannot predict whether the nature or level of contacts XBP Global has with a particular state will be deemed enough to require XBP Global to collect sales tax in that state nor can XBP Global be assured that Congress or individual states will not approve legislation authorizing states to impose tax collection or reporting obligations on XBP Global’s activities. A successful assertion by one or more states that XBP Global should collect sales tax could result in substantial tax liabilities related to past sales and would result in considerable administrative burdens and costs for XBP Global.

Uncertainty regarding the tax treatment of the acquisition and restructuring could have a material adverse effect on XBP Global.

The tax treatment of the Acquisition and related Restructuring is complex and involves uncertainty under applicable U.S. federal, state, and international tax laws. These transactions may give rise to tax consequences that differ from the parties’ expectations, potentially resulting in material liabilities or the loss of anticipated tax benefits. While steps have been taken in an effort to mitigate these risks in accordance with applicable laws, there can be no assurance that taxing authorities in any relevant jurisdiction will agree with the intended treatment. Any adverse determination could negatively impact the combined company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, although certain tax indemnity arrangements have been established with ETI in connection with the Acquisition, there is no guarantee that they will fully protect XBP from adverse tax exposures. This risk is heightened if ETI, as the indemnifying party experiences financial or liquidity constraints that impair its ability to satisfy its obligations.

As a public company, XBP Global must maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, and any failure to do so could impair our ability to produce accurate financial statements, result in restatements, damage investor confidence, and potentially lead to delisting from Nasdaq.

As a public company, XBP Global is subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), and the listing standards of the Nasdaq. XBP Global expects that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase its legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time consuming and costly, and place significant strain on its personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that XBP Global maintains effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. XBP Global is continuing to develop and refine its disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports it will file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to its principal executive and financial officers. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, XBP Global has expended, and anticipates that it will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and significant management oversight.

XBP Global’s current controls and any new controls that XBP Global develops may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in XBP Global’s business. Further, deficiencies in XBP Global’s disclosure controls or XBP Global’s internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls, or any difficulties encountered in its implementation or improvement could harm XBP Global’s operating results or cause XBP Global to fail to meet its reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of XBP Global’s financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect the results of management evaluations of XBP Global’s internal control over financial reporting that XBP Global is required to include in its periodic reports that XBP Global files with the SEC.

Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in XBP Global’s reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of XBP Global’s Common Stock. In addition, if XBP Global is unable to meet these requirements, XBP Global may not be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.

Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on XBP Global’s business and operating results and cause a decline in the price of XBP Global’s Common Stock.

BPA Group failed to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, impacting its ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations.

The BPA Group has concluded its internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024 due to a pervasive material weakness in their internal control over financial reporting.

BPA Group management, with the participation of its Principal Executive Officer (“PEO”) and their Interim Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), has evaluated the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. Based upon that evaluation, it was concluded that a pervasive material weakness in internal control over financial reporting existed as described below.

Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operating results and cause a decline in the price of our Common Stock.

XBP Global’s ability to achieve and maintain continued profitability is uncertain due to significant fixed costs, declining revenues, client losses, and various operational challenges that could require additional financing.

XBP Global’s profitability depends on, among other things, its ability to generate revenue in excess of its expenses. However, XBP Global has significant and continuing fixed costs and expenses, which it may not be able to reduce adequately to sustain such profitability if its revenue continues to decrease, or if revenue does not increase commensurately with an increase in costs. In addition, XBP Global may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown events that may cause its costs to exceed its expectations.

XBP Global’s revenues have declined over the last few years due to, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic, a loss of clients, the completion of certain one-off projects, currency fluctuation exposure, the transition of XBP’s clients to lower revenue but higher margin systems and platforms, and changes of clients’ technology that has resulted in fewer transactions that fall under the contractual arrangements with XBP Global. In a given year, contracts with several of XBP Global’s large clients will be up for renewal. Although XBP Global has historically had high renewal rates, there can be no assurances that they will be renewed on favorable terms or at all.

Further, XBP Global’s revenues may be adversely affected by many factors, including but not limited to a future pandemic; a potential global recession or in the markets XBP Global serves; the inability to attract new clients to use its services; a failure by existing clients to renew their contracts or use additional services (or a decision by existing clients to cease or reduce using XBP Global’s services); the lengthening of its sales cycles and implementation periods; changes in its client mix; failure of clients to pay invoices on a timely basis or at all; a failure in the performance of XBP Global’s solutions or internal controls that adversely affects its reputation or results in loss of business; the loss of market share to existing or new competitors; the failure to enter or succeed in new markets; regional or global economic conditions or regulations affecting perceived need for or value of XBP Global’s services; or XBP Global’s inability to develop new offerings, expand its offerings or drive adoption of its new offerings on a timely basis and thus potentially not meeting evolving market needs.

XBP Global’s future profitability also may be impacted by non-cash charges and potential impairment of goodwill, which will negatively affect its reported financial results. Even if it achieves profitability on an annual basis, XBP Global may not be able to achieve profitability on a quarterly basis. XBP Global may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including those described elsewhere herein.

Any inability of XBP Global to achieve continued and sustained profitability may adversely impact its financial position and may require XBP Global to seek additional financing.

XBP Global may need additional debt or equity financing on unfavorable terms or may be unable to raise capital at all, and our limited public float may adversely affect financing opportunities, while we must obtain shareholder consent for additional equity issuances.

XBP Global may be unable to generate continued and sustained profitability or may incur significant losses in the future. As a result, XBP Global may need to raise additional capital through debt and/or equity financing at some point in the future. Any debt agreements XBP Global enters into at such time may include financial or operational covenants which may constrain its ability to operate its business, and any inability to satisfy covenants contained in any debt agreements may require prepayment and/or refinancing of such debt. XBP Global may also be unable to raise debt and/or equity financing at an attractive price or on attractive terms or at all.

It is possible that XBP Global will have a the limited public float, especially if the shares issued or transferred in the Restructuring continue to be held by most of their recipients, which may also adversely affect its ability to raise debt and/or equity financing on attractive terms or at all.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been adjusted to include pro forma effect of the Reorganization Adjustments, Fresh Start Adjustments and Business Combination Adjustments (discussed within the notes below) which reflect (1) the application of the effects of the transactions contemplated by the Plan and carried out by us in connection with BPA Group’s emergence from bankruptcy, (2) adoption of fresh start accounting on the Effective Date and (3) the accounting required by GAAP in connection with the Acquisition of the BPA Group.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 combines the historical balance sheet of XBP Europe and the historical balance sheet of BPA Group, on a pro forma basis as if the Acquisition had been consummated on March 31, 2025. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, combine the historical statements of operations of XBP Europe and the historical statements of operations of BPA Group for such periods, on a pro forma basis as if the Acquisition of the BPA Group and related transactions, had been consummated on January 1, 2024.

The pro forma adjustments are based on available information and assumptions that management believes are reasonable given the information that is currently available. However, such adjustments are subject to change.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not reflect any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies, tax savings or cost savings that may be associated with the Acquisition.

In connection with BPA Group’s emergence from bankruptcy and in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 852, "Reorganizations", BPA Group is expected to qualify for and adopt fresh start accounting on the Effective Date. BPA Group will be required to adopt fresh start accounting because (i) the holders of existing voting shares of the Predecessor Company received less than 50% of the voting shares of the Successor Company, and (ii) the reorganization value of the assets immediately prior to confirmation of the Plan was less than the post-petition liabilities and allowed claims. References to “Successor” relate to the Company's financial position and results of operations after the Effective Date. References to “Predecessor” refer to the Company's financial position and results of operations on or before the Effective Date.

In accordance with ASC Topic 852, with the application of fresh start accounting, we will allocate the reorganization value to the BPA Group's assets and liabilities. The reorganization value represents the fair value of the Successor Company’s assets before considering liabilities. As a result of the application of fresh start accounting and the effects of the implementation of the Plan, the consolidated financial statements after the Effective Date will not be comparable with the consolidated financial statements as of or prior to that date.

Under fresh start accounting, the reorganized entity is considered a new reporting entity for financial reporting purposes. The unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet is presented as if BPA Group had emerged from bankruptcy on March 31, 2025. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations are presented as if BPA Group had emerged from bankruptcy on January 1, 2024. Had BPA Group actually adopted fresh start accounting on January 1, 2024 or December 31, 2024, the enterprise and reorganization values could have been materially different from the amounts described above and assumed herein.

The process of finalizing the fair value estimates of our assets and liabilities upon emergence for purposes of fresh start accounting is currently ongoing. Changes in the values of BPA Group’s assets and liabilities and changes in assumptions from those reflected in the Pro Forma Financial Information presented below could significantly impact the reported values of BPA Group’s assets and liabilities. Accordingly, the amounts shown are not final and are subject to changes and revisions, which may be material.

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED AND ADJUSTED
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025)

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED AND ADJUSTED
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024)

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED AND ADJUSTED
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet of BPA Group as of March 31, 2025

Adjustments to the Unaudited Condensed Statement of Operations of the BPA Group for the Three Months ended March 31, 2025 and for the Year Ended December 31, 2024

XBP is furnishing this proxy statement to its stockholders as part of the solicitation of proxies by the Board for use at the Annual Meeting to be held on July 25, 2025 and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. This proxy statement provides XBP’s stockholders with information they need to know to be able to vote or direct their vote to be cast at the Annual Meeting.

The Annual Meeting will be held as a “virtual meeting” via live audio webcast on July 25, 2025 at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM, at 10:00 a.m. (Eastern Time). Instructions on how to connect to the Annual Meeting and participate via the Internet, including how to demonstrate proof of stock ownership, ask questions, and vote your shares, are posted at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM.

You will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the Annual Meeting if you owned shares of XBP common stock at the close of business on June 12, 2025 which is the Record Date. You are entitled to one vote for each share of XBP common stock that you owned as of the close of business on the Record Date. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker, bank, or other nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. As of the Record Date, there were 35,915,548 shares of XBP common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

As of the date of this proxy statement, BTC owns approximately 60.7% of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock. BTC has informed us it intends to vote the shares of XBP common stock owned by BTC in favor of the Proposals. XBP’s directors and executive officers, who collectively own approximately 10.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock have also informed us they intend to vote in favor of the Proposals. Because shares owned by BTC and such directors and officers collectively represent approximately 71.2% of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock, we believe that the approval of all of the Proposals (other than Proposal 3C, which requires the vote of 75% of the outstanding shares of XBP common stock) is effectively assured.

A quorum of XBP stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present at the Annual Meeting if a majority of the XBP common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is represented in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and “WITHHOLD” votes will count as present for the purposes of establishing a quorum. Broker non-votes will not be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum.

The approval of the Charter Amendment Proposals requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock as of the Record Date for the Annual Meeting. The approval of the Nasdaq Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, and the Adjournment Proposal each require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of XBP common stock cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting. The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires a plurality vote of the shares of XBP common stock cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting.

A XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting or an abstention will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on the Nasdaq Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, and the Adjournment Proposal. A XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting or an abstention will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Charter Amendment Proposals. A XBP stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting or a “WITHHOLD” vote will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on the Director Election Proposal.

A “broker non-vote” occurs when shares held by a broker for the account of a beneficial owner are not voted for or against a particular proposal because the broker has not received voting instructions from that beneficial owner and the broker does not have discretionary authority to vote those shares in the absence of such instructions. If you do not provide instructions to your broker, your broker will not have discretionary authority to vote on any of the Proposals at the Annual Meeting, because XBP does not expect any of the Proposals to be considered a routine matter. Broker non-votes will not be counted as present for the purposes of establishing a quorum.

The XBP Board has determined that each of the Proposals is fair to and in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders and has approved such proposals. The XBP Board recommends that stockholders:

When you consider the recommendation of the XBP Board in favor of approval of the Proposals, you should keep in mind that members of the XBP Board and officers have interests in the Proposals that may be different from or in addition to (or which may conflict with) your interests as a stockholder. These interests include, among other things, the fact that:

Each share of XBP common stock that you own in your name entitles you to one vote. If you are a record owner of your shares, there are two ways to vote your shares of XBP common stock at the Annual Meeting:

If your shares of XBP common stock are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. If you wish to attend the meeting and vote in person and your shares of XBP common stock are held in “street name,” you must obtain a legal proxy from your broker, bank, or nominee. That is the only way XBP can be sure that the broker, bank, or nominee has not already voted your shares.

Beneficial stockholders who wish to attend the online-only virtual meeting must obtain a legal proxy by contacting their account representative at the bank, broker, or other nominee that holds their shares and e-mail a copy (a legible photograph is sufficient) of their legal proxy to investors@xbpeurope.com. Beneficial stockholders who e-mail a valid legal proxy will be issued a meeting control number that will allow them to register to attend and participate in the online-only meeting. After contacting XBP’s transfer agent, a beneficial holder will receive an e-mail prior to the Annual Meeting with a link and instructions for entering the virtual meeting. Beneficial stockholders should contact XBP’s transfer agent at least five business days prior to the meeting date.

If you are a record owner of your shares of XBP common stock and you give a proxy, you may change or revoke it at any time before it is exercised by doing any one of the following:

If your shares of XBP common stock are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker for information on how to change or revoke your voting instructions.

If you are a stockholder and have any questions about how to vote or direct a vote in respect of your XBP common stock, you may call or email us at (844) 935-2832 or investors@xbpeurope.com.

The Annual Meeting has been called only to consider the approval of the Director Election Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposals, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, and the Adjournment Proposal. Under XBP’s bylaws, other than procedural matters incident to the conduct of the Annual Meeting, no other matters may be considered at the Annual Meeting if they are not included in this proxy statement, which serves as the notice of the Annual Meeting.

XBP is soliciting proxies on behalf of the XBP Board. This solicitation is being made by mail but also may be made by telephone or in person. XBP and its directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies in person. XBP will file with the SEC all scripts and other electronic communications as proxy soliciting materials. XBP will bear the cost of the solicitation.

The Company has three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms, with each of Class I and II consisting of two directorships, and Class III consisting of one directorship. The terms of the Class I, II and III directorships expire on the date of the Annual Meeting to be held for 2027, 2025, and 2026, respectively.

At the Annual Meeting, stockholders will be asked to elect the two nominees named in this proxy statement who have been nominated by the Board to serve as Class II directors and whose current term will expire at the Annual Meeting. Mr. Andrej Jonovic and Mr. James G. Reynolds, each of whom is a current Class II director, are the nominees to serve as Class II directors for a new three-year term. Each nominee, if elected, will serve for a term of three years and will remain in office until a qualified successor director has been elected or until he resigns or is removed from the Board. Class II directors will be elected by plurality in voting power of the outstanding shares of our XBP common stock present virtually or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. If Proposal 3C is adopted, such three-year term will be reduced to a one-year term.

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE ELECTION OF EACH OF THE DIRECTOR NOMINEES

Business Experience: Mr. Reynolds has served as a director of the Company since the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Reynolds was ETI’s Chief Financial Officer from the closing of the business combination among ETI, SourceHOV Holdings, Inc. (“SourceHOV”), and Novitex Holdings, Inc. on July 12, 2017 (“Novitex Business Combination”) until June 2020. Mr. Reynolds served as a director of ETI from July 2017 until March 2025. Mr. Reynolds served as Co-Chairman of SourceHOV from 2014 until the closing in 2017. Mr. Reynolds was also the Chief Operating Officer and a Partner at Handson Global Management (“HGM”), bringing over 25 years of industry experience to the team. Prior to HGM Mr. Reynolds held numerous executive management or senior advisory positions at SourceHOV and its related subsidiaries and predecessor companies, including serving as Chief Financial Officer for HOV Services, LLC from 2007 to 2011 and Vice President and Corporate Controller for Lason Inc. from 2001 to 2006. Mr. Reynolds was a Senior Manager in the Business Advisory Services Practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1990 to 2001. Mr. Reynolds is a C.P.A. and holds a B.S. in Accounting from Michigan State University.

Business Experience: Mr. Jonovic has served as a director and as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company since the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Jonovic is responsible for the development and execution of business strategy, shaping the company culture and enhancing shareholder value. Mr. Jonovic has served as the Executive Vice President, Business Strategy and Corporate Affairs of ETI from July 2017 until late 2023, where he was responsible for the oversight of several companywide functions, including M&A and strategic transactions, legal affairs, human resources, marketing and the Digital Assets Group. Mr. Jonovic has transitioned out of his role at ETI and his primary role is as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Since 2014 Mr. Jonovic has also served as a managing director in HGM, based in London, and oversaw the integration of BancTec, Inc.’s European operations with SourceHOV following their combination in October 2014. Earlier in his career, Mr. Jonovic was an associate at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, LLP, a global law firm headquartered in London. Mr. Jonovic holds a bachelor’s degree in International Studies from The American University, Washington D.C., and a law degree from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Mr. Jonovic is registered with the Law Society of England and Wales however is not currently practicing. Mr. Jonovic is the son-in-law of Par Chadha, our Executive Chairman.

The following are brief biographical sketches of each of our directors whose term continues beyond 2025 and who is not subject to election this year, including his or her experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, which, taken as a whole, have enabled the Board to conclude that each director should, in light of the Company’s business and structure, serve as a director of the Company. Upon enactment of Proposal 3C, each of our Directors will be subject to election annually, and Messrs. Akins and Clark have agreed to resign prior to the appointment of their successors in connection with or following the closing of the Restructuring.

Business Experience: Mr. Akins has served as a director of the Company since the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Akins also served as a director of ETI from July 2019 until March 2025. Prior to that, Mr. Akins worked at publicly traded Express Scripts Holding Company (“Express Scripts”), a Fortune 25 company and the largest independent pharmacy benefit management company in the United States. In December of 2018, Express Scripts merged with Cigna Corporation. As Senior Vice President and General Counsel at Express Scripts, Mr. Akins served as the chief legal advisor and was also a member of Express Scripts’ senior executive team where he advised the CEO and outlined strategy to the board of directors. Mr. Akins was at Express Scripts from 2001 through 2019, serving in various legal capacities including Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Associate General Counsel. Prior to his time at Express Scripts, Mr. Akins was with the Polsinelli law firm. Mr. Akins began his legal career with the firm Thompson Coburn LLP. He received his Juris Doctorate from the University of Illinois College of Law.

Business Experience: J. Coley Clark has served as a director of the Company since the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Clark also served as a director of ETI from December 2019 until March 2025. Mr. Clark is the retired Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of BancTec, Inc., a global provider of document and payment processing solutions, and former member of the board of directors of Moneygram International, Inc. At BancTec, Inc., Mr. Clark was Co-Chairman of the Board from 2014 to December 2016, and Chairman of the board and Chief Executive Officer from September 2004 to 2014. In 2004, Mr. Clark retired from Electronic Data Systems Corporation, or EDS, an outsourcing services company that was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2008, as Senior Vice President and head of the Financial and Transportation Industry Group. Mr. Clark joined EDS in 1971 in the Systems Engineering Development Program and progressed through a variety of technical, sales and management roles related to the financial and insurance industries. Prior to his time at EDS, Mr. Clark served three years in the U.S. Army, attaining the rank of Captain, and served as a company commander in Europe and Southeast Asia. Mr. Clark received a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from the University of Texas.

Business Experience: Mr. Chadha has served as a director and as the Executive Chairman of the Company since the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Chadha is also the Executive Chairman of ETI and is the founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of HGM, a family office, formed in 2001. Mr. Chadha brings over 40 years of experience in building businesses in the Americas, Europe and Asia, including execution of mergers and acquisitions, integration of businesses and public offerings. Mr. Chadha served as the Chairman of ETI since the closing of the Novitex Business Combination and most recently became Executive Chairman of ETI in September 2021. He also served as Chairman of SourceHOV from 2011 to July 2017 when it was acquired by ETI, and was Chairman of Lason Inc. from 2007 to 2011 until its merger with SourceCorp, a predecessor company of SourceHOV. Mr. Chadha currently serves as the Chairman of HOV Services Limited (NSE: HOVS), a company listed on the National Stock Exchange of India. He previously held this position from 2009 to 2011 and has otherwise served as a director since 2005. Mr. Chadha is co-founder of Rule 14, LLC, an artificial intelligence led automation company formed in 2011. During his career, Mr. Chadha has been a co-founder of technology companies in the fields of metro optical networks, systems-on-silicon, and communications. Mr. Chadha previously participated in director and executive roles in portfolio companies of HGM and currently holds and manages investments in evolving financial technology, health technology and AI industries. Mr. Chadha holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Punjab Engineering College, India. Mr. Chadha is the father-in-law of Mr. Jonovic.

The following table sets forth the name, age, and position of each of our executive officers as of the date of this proxy statement:

Following are brief biographical sketches of each of our executive officers, including his experience, qualifications, attributes and skills. Biographical information about Messrs. Chadha and Jonovic is provided above.

Business Experience: Mr. Avramovic has served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company since the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Avramovic is responsible for finance, accounting, financial reporting, internal controls, and investor relations. Previously, Mr. Avramovic served in various finance positions continuously since joining affiliates of ETI in June 2017, including most recently as Senior Vice President, Global Finance, from July 2019 until November 2023. Mr. Avramovic’s prior experience includes eleven years of public company audit and transaction advisory services at Deloitte & Touche LLP, a global accounting and advisory firm. Mr. Avramovic holds an undergraduate degree in accounting from Chicago State University and an M.B.A. degree from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Mr. Avramovic is a registered Certified Public Accountant; however, the license is currently inactive.

Business Experience: Mr. Robu has served as the President of the Company since the consummation of the Business Combination. Previously, Mr. Robu served as the President of the EMEA region of ETI from January 2019 until November 2023 and served as Chief Operating Officer of the EMEA region since the Novitex Business Combination until January 2019. As President of the Company, Mr. Robu is responsible for all sales, operations, and business strategy functions across the EMEA region. Mr. Robu specializes in transaction processing services, technology products, and software solutions, and has over 25 years of international management experience in the private and public sectors. Prior to the Novitex Business Combination, he served as Senior Vice President, Operations for the European region of SourceHOV from 2014. From 2010 to 2014, Mr. Robu held the position of President and Executive Director of DataForce UK, a business process outsourcing and software provider that was part of SourceHOV. Prior to joining the SourceHOV group, Mr. Robu served as Manager of Investment and Insurance Products for Citibank EMEA in London from 2007 to 2010. Mr. Robu has degrees in International Relations from the National School for Political Studies, Bucharest, and Physics from the State University of Moldova, and earned an MBA from IMD — International Institute for Management Development, Lausanne.

The XBP Board met five times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. The Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met five, two and one time(s) during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, respectively. Each director attended 75% or more of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board of Directors and of the committees on which he served.

All directors are strongly encouraged to attend the Annual Meeting and we expect our directors and nominees for directors to attend the Annual Meeting.

For purposes of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company is a “controlled company.” Under the Nasdaq rules, controlled companies are companies of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group, or another company. As of the date of this proxy statement, BTC owns a majority of the issued and outstanding common stock. Following the closing of the Restructuring we do not expect to be a “controlled company” as no individual, group, or another company will hold more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors.

As a “controlled company,” the Company is exempt from the requirement that a majority of the Board be independent. The common stock is listed on Nasdaq, and the Company is required to comply with the Nasdaq listing requirements regarding independent directors. Under Nasdaq’s Marketplace Rules, the definition of an “independent director” is a person other than an executive officer or employee of the company or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the issuer’s board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In addition, under the Nasdaq rules a director (A) who at any time during the past three years was employed by the Company or (B) who accepted, or who has a family member who accepted, compensation from the Company in excess of $ 120,000 (other than compensation for board and committee service, compensation paid to a family member who is an employee (other than an executive officer), benefits under a tax-qualified retirement plan, or non-discretionary compensation) during any period of twelve consecutive months within the three years preceding the determination of independence, shall not be considered independent.

The Board has reviewed the Nasdaq rules and such information as the XBP Board has deemed appropriate for purposes of determining whether any of the directors has a relationship which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director, including the beneficial ownership by our directors of XBP common stock. Based on such review, the Board has determined that each director, other than Mr. Chadha and Mr. Jonovic, qualifies as an independent director under Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Non-management directors meet periodically in executive session without members of the Company’s management at the conclusion of regularly scheduled Board meetings. In addition, Messrs. Akins, Clark, and Reynolds qualify as independent directors for the purpose of serving on the Audit Committee of the Company under SEC rules (Messrs. Akins, Clark and Reynolds being the current members of the Audit Committee).

Our Bylaws do not require that the positions of Chairperson of the Board and Chief Executive Officer be held by the same person or by different individuals, and our Board does not have a formal policy with respect to the separation or combination of these offices. The Board exercises its judgment in combining or separating the roles of Chairperson of the Board and Chief Executive Officer as it deems appropriate in light of prevailing circumstances. Currently, Mr. Chadha serves as the Executive Chairperson but not as the Chief Executive Officer. The Board will continue to exercise its judgment on an ongoing basis to determine the optimal leadership structure that the Board believes will provide effective leadership, oversight, and direction, while optimizing the functioning of both the Board and management and facilitating effective communication between the two.

The Company faces a number of risks, including market risks, credit risk, liquidity risk, reputational risk, operational risk, cybersecurity risks and risks from inflation and/or deflation. Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks faced by the Company, while the Board, as a whole and through its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. The Board does not have a standing risk management committee, but rather administers this oversight function directly through the Board as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of the Board that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In its risk oversight role, the Board seeks to ensure that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are adequate. The Board periodically consults with management regarding the Company’s risks. In addition, the Audit Committee periodically reviews with management and independent registered public accounting firms the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s policies for assessing and managing risk.

In December 2023, our Compensation Committee retained the services of an independent compensation consultant, the “Compensation Consultant,” to evaluate and make recommendations for the non-employee director compensation commencing in fiscal year 2024. Based on information provided by the Compensation Consultant, the Compensation Committee approved a compensation policy for its non-employee directors for fiscal year 2024. In January 2024, the Board approved, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, a new all cash non-employee director compensation policy for 2024 consisting of an annual cash retainer of $60,000 and an equity award anticipated to have a value of $140,000, pursuant to and subject to the adoption by the stockholders of the 2024 Plan, as well as annual cash compensation for committee service ranging from $8,000 to $20,000 for chairing a committee and $4,000 to $10,000 for service as a committee member, as follows.

The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. This means that the five director nominees who receive the highest number of shares voted “FOR” their election are elected.

Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting, “WITHHOLD” votes and broker non-votes will have no effect on the Director Election Proposal.

THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT XBP STOCKHOLDERS
VOTE ‘‘FOR’’ THE DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL.

The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of XBP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders and what he or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that stockholders vote for the Proposals. In addition, XBP’s officers have interests that may conflict with your interests as a stockholder. See “Risk Factors -Risks Relating to the Restructuring - Our directors and officers have financial and other incentives that may influence them to support the Restructuring without regard to the interests of public stockholders, which could subject us to litigation or regulatory scrutiny.”

The Board has three standing committees: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating committee. The Company may from time to time establish other committees. Copies of the charters for each committee are available on the Investor Relations — Governance - Documents & Charters section of our website at investors.xbpeurope.com. These documents are also available upon written request to: Investor Relations, XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., 1237 7th St., Santa Monica, CA 90401. Information concerning these Committees is set out below.

The members of our audit committee consist of James G. Reynolds, J. Coley Clark and Martin P. Akins. Mr. Reynolds serves as the chairperson of the audit committee. Under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we are required to have at least three (3) members on the audit committee. The Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act require that the audit committee of a listed company be composed solely of independent directors, and each member qualifies as an independent director under applicable rules. Each of Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Clark and Mr. Akins is financially literate and Mr. Reynolds qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.

The members of our compensation committee consist of James G. Reynolds, J. Coley Clark and Martin P. Akins. Mr. Clark serves as the chairperson of the compensation committee. Under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we are required to have at least two members on the compensation committee. The Nasdaq Listing Rules require that the compensation committee of a listed company (other than that of a “controlled company,” which the Company is) be composed solely of independent directors, and each of James G. Reynolds, J. Coley Clark and Martin P. Akins qualify as independent directors under applicable rules.

The members of our nominating committee consist of James G. Reynolds, J. Coley Clark and Martin P. Akins. Mr. Reynolds serves as the chairperson of the nominating committee. The Nasdaq Listing Rules require that the nominating committee of a listed company (other than that of a “controlled company,” which the Company is) be composed solely of independent directors, and each of James G. Reynolds, J. Coley Clark and Martin P. Akins qualify as independent directors under applicable rules.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will evaluate candidates proposed by shareholders for nomination as directors under criteria similar to the evaluation of other candidates. Our bylaws provide that shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors at an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice in writing. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at our principal executive offices not more than 120 days or less than 90 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders. However, in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within 30 days before or after such anniversary date, notice must be received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed to shareholders or made public, whichever occurs first. Our bylaws specify requirements as to the form and content of a shareholder’s notice. These provisions may preclude shareholders from making nominations for directors at an annual meeting of shareholders.

The Board has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics (“Code of Ethics”) that applies to all of the Company’s directors, officers and employees in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. The Code of Ethics is available on the Corporate Governance section of the Company’s website at www.xbpeurope.com. In addition, the Company intends to post on the Corporate Governance section of the Company’s website all disclosures that are required by law or the listing standards of the Nasdaq concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code of Ethics rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.

The Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines to assure that the Board will have the necessary authority and practices in place to review and evaluate our business operations as needed and to make decisions that are independent of our management. The guidelines are also intended to align the interests of directors and management with those of our stockholders. The Corporate Governance Guidelines set forth the practices the Board intends to follow with respect to, among other things, director qualifications, board meetings and involvement of senior management, Chief Executive Officer performance evaluation and succession planning, and board committees.

The Board has adopted an insider trading policy that applies to our employees, directors, and certain consultants. This policy prohibits, among other things, trading of the company securities during specified blackout periods and engaging in short sales of company securities.

Pursuant to our insider trading policy, we discourage our employees, directors and officers from engaging in hedging transactions, including the use of financial instruments, such put options, call options or similar derivative securities. If a person subject to the policy determines that they must engage in such a transaction, the transaction must comply with our pre-clearance and blackout processes. Our directors, officers and other employees are not prohibited from pledging our securities.

UHY LLP currently serves as our independent registered public accounting firm. After consideration of UHY LLP qualifications and past performance, the Audit Committee has selected, and the Board ratified the selection of UHY LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The Board has directed that management submit the selection of UHY LLP for ratification by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting. Representatives of UHY LLP are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting. They will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Neither our Bylaws nor other governing documents or law require stockholder ratification of the selection of UHY LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm. However, the Audit Committee has opted to submit the selection of UHY LLP to our stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If our stockholders fail to ratify the selection, the Audit Committee will reconsider whether or not to retain UHY LLP. Even if the selection is ratified, the Audit Committee or the Board, in their discretion, may direct the appointment of different independent auditors at any time during our fiscal year if they determine that such a change would be in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders.

The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares of XBP common stock present by virtual attendance or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter at the Annual Meeting will be required to ratify the selection of UHY LLP. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on this Proposal.

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT STOCKHOLDERS VOTE THEIR SHARES “FOR” THE AUDITOR RATIFICATION PROPOSAL.

The following table summarizes the aggregate fees for professional audit services and other services rendered by UHY LLP to us (including Legacy XBP) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

As a smaller reporting company, we are currently exempt from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and as a result, our audit fees are significantly lower than if we were required to provide an auditor attestation under Section 404(b). Depending on our public float as of June 30, 2025, we may become subject to the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, which will require us to incur significant additional costs and to re-assess our required audit services for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 with our independent registered public accounting firm.

UHY was appointed as our independent registered accounting firm in December 2024, upon the dismissal of Withum. UHY has audited the financial statements of Legacy XBP since 2022. The fees of UHY presented below are not representative of the fees to be billed by UHY for XBP as a public company, but are presented solely to provide our stockholders with a basis to understand our historical relationship with UHY.

The following table presents the aggregate fees billed by UHY (including Legacy XBP, in the case of UHY), for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These fees are categorized as audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and all other fees. The nature of the services provided in each category is described following the table.

1 Includes fees incurred on the annual audit, quarterly reviews and reviews of registration and proxy statements.

² As described above, UHY was appointed as our independent registered accounting firm in December 2023, upon the dismissal of Withum. UHY has audited the financial statements of our subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination since 2022. The fees of UHY presented above with respect to fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 include such prior fees.

Our Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm, the scope of services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm and the fees for the services to be performed. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. Pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or category of services and is generally subject to a specific budget. Our independent registered public accounting firm and management are required to periodically report to the audit committee regarding the extent of services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with this pre-approval, and the fees for the services performed to date.

The Audit Committee currently consists of three independent directors, each of whom has been determined by the Board to meet the heightened independence criteria applicable to Audit Committee members and to satisfy the financial literacy requirements of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and the applicable rules of the SEC. The Audit Committee is responsible, under its charter, for oversight of our independent registered public accounting firm, which reports directly to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has the authority to retain and terminate the independent registered public accounting firm, to review the scope and terms of the audit and to approve the fees to be charged. The Audit Committee monitors our system of internal control over financial reporting, and management’s certifications as to disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls for financial reporting. Our management and independent registered public accounting firm, not the Audit Committee, are responsible for the planning and conduct of the audit of our consolidated financial statements and determining that the consolidated financial statements are complete and accurate and prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The Audit Committee has met and held discussions with management and our independent registered public accounting firm (with and without management) and has reviewed and discussed the audited consolidated financial statements and related internal control over financial reporting with management and our independent registered public accounting firm.

The Audit Committee has also discussed with our independent registered public accounting firm the matters required to be discussed by Auditing Standard No. 1301, Communications with Audit Committees.

Our independent registered public accounting firm also provided the Audit Committee with the written disclosures and the letter required by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent registered public accounting firm’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and the Audit Committee discussed with our independent registered public accounting firm that firm’s independence.

Based upon the review and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited consolidated financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for filing with the SEC.

The information contained in the report of our Audit Committee is not considered to be “soliciting material,” “filed” or incorporated by reference in any past or future filing by us under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act unless and only to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference.

The following sets forth a summary of the Charter Amendment Proposals. This summary is qualified by reference to the complete text of the proposed Amended Charter, a copy of which is attached as Annex A. All XBP stockholders and other interested parties are encouraged to read the proposed Amended Charter in its entirety for a more complete description of its terms.

Name Change (Proposal 3A). The name of XBP shall be changed from “XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.” to “XBP Global Holdings, Inc.”

Increase in Authorized Shares (Proposal 3B). The number of authorized shares from 210,000,000, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of XBP common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001, and 10,000,000 shares of XBP preferred stock, each with a par value of $0.0001, shall be increased to 420,000,000 consisting of 400,000,000 shares of XBP common stock, and 20,000,000 shares of XBP preferred stock.

75% Approval Provisions (Proposal 3C). To amend certain provisions in the XBP Charter (a) to remove the existing staggered board, (b) to reestablish the right for stockholders to vote by written consent without a meeting except in the case of (i) the election of directors and (ii) the approval of a merger, consolidation, conversion, or sale of all or substantially all assets, and (c) to amend the existing corporate opportunities waiver to clarify the circumstances where the waiver will not apply.

Amendment and Restatement of the XBP Charter (Proposal 3D). The existing XBP Charter will be amended and restated in its entirety with the Amended Charter. Conditioned upon the receipt of the requisite vote on Proposals 3A to 3C, Proposal 3D provides approval for the proposed Amended Charter, which includes approval of all other changes in the proposed Amended Charter in connection with replacing the existing XBP Charter with the proposed Amended Charter and making any conforming amendments should any proposal fail to pass.

As described above, on July 3, 2025 we purchased the BPA Group pursuant to a MIPA. The BPA Group was acquired for nominal consideration since almost all of the material assets of the BPA Group are held by entities that filed the Chapter 11 Cases. On May 7, 2025, the Debtors filed a plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 Cases, which we refer to herein as the Plan, and which incorporates the terms of a global and comprehensive settlement reached in the Chapter 11 Cases among the Debtors, the Consenting Creditors, the Consenting ETI Entities, and the committee of unsecured creditors in the Chapter 11 Cases. The material terms of the Restructuring contemplated under the Plan are described in the section entitled “Background” above. On July 3, 2025, we entered into the Transaction Support Agreement with the Debtors. In the Transaction Support Agreement we and the Debtors have agreed, among other things, to support and take all commercially reasonable actions necessary and appropriate to facilitate the Plan, including, in our case, seeking the shareholder approvals for Proposals 3 to 5, as further described in this proxy statement, and thereafter issuing up to 91,344,311 shares of XBP common stock as contemplated by the Plan (in addition to any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan).

In connection with the Restructuring, XBP is asking its stockholders to approve the Amended Charter and other related proposals.

If approved, (i) the name of XBP shall be changed to “XBP Global Holdings, Inc.”, (ii) the number of authorized shares from 210,000,000, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of XBP common stock, and 10,000,000 shares of XBP preferred stock, shall be increased to 420,000,000 consisting of 400,000,000 shares of XBP common stock, and 20,000,000 shares of XBP preferred stock, (iii) certain provisions in the XBP Charter will be amended (A) to remove the existing staggered board, (B) to reestablish the right for stockholders to vote by written consent without a meeting except in the case of (x) the election of directors and (y) the approval of a merger, consolidation, conversion, or sale of all or substantially all assets, and (C) to amend the existing corporate opportunities waiver to clarify the circumstances where the waiver will not apply, and (iv) the existing XBP Charter will be amended and replaced with the Amended Charter.

This Charter Amendment Proposals (other than Proposal 3C) will be approved and adopted only if the holders of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock vote “FOR” the Charter Amendment Proposals. The approval of Proposal 3C requires the affirmative vote of 75% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of XBP entitled to vote generally in the election of directors at the meeting voting together as a single class. Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person at the Annual Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Charter Amendment Proposals.

Each of the Charter Amendment Proposals is not conditioned on the approval of any other proposal set forth in this proxy statement. As such, if any of the Charter Amendment Proposals fail to receive the required votes, the Company shall nevertheless be entitled to amend the XBP Charter in accordance with the Proposals that received the required votes and to make any conforming amendments should any proposal fail to pass.

THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT XBP STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR”
APPROVAL OF EACH OF THE CHARTER AMENDMENT PROPOSALS.

The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of XBP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that stockholders vote for the Proposals. In addition, XBP’s officers have interests that may conflict with your interests as a stockholder. See “Risk Factors -Risks Relating to the Restructuring - Our directors and officers have financial and other incentives that may influence them to support the Restructuring without regard to the interests of public stockholders, which could subject us to litigation or regulatory scrutiny.”

XBP is proposing the Nasdaq Proposal in order to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rules 5635 (a), (b) and (d). The issuance of shares by the Company in the Restructuring may trigger certain requirements under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, specifically Rules 5635(a), (b), and (d), require the Company to obtain stockholder approval in certain circumstances in connection the issuance of such securities.

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a) requires stockholder approval prior to the issuance of securities in connection with the acquisition of another company. Specifically, the requirement for stockholder approval applies if:

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b) requires stockholder approval prior to the issuance of securities when the issuance or potential issuance will result in a change of control of a company.

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) requires stockholder approval for a transaction other than a public offering involving the sale, issuance, or potential issuance by a company of common stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock) at a price that is less than the greater of book or market value of the stock if the number of shares of common stock to be issued is or may be equal to 20% or more of the common stock, or 20% or more of the voting power, outstanding before the issuance.

The XBP Board is requesting stockholders of the Company to approve the Nasdaq Proposal which seeks stockholder approval of the Company’s issuance of shares of XBP common stock in connection with the Restructuring. Specifically, in connection with the Restructuring the Company expects to issue up to 91,344,311 shares of XBP common stock or 245% of the shares of XBP common stock currently outstanding (in each case without taking into account shares that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan).

In connection with the Restructuring, the Company will issue 91,344,311 new shares of XBP common stock consisting of:

In addition, the Plan contemplates certain fundings that may, or may not occur, namely:

The precise number of shares to be issued will depend on various factors, including Plan participant participation in funding and their selection of equity versus debt for purchase. The number of shares issuable pursuant to the warrant referred to above will be subject to customary adjustments following issuance for dividends, distributions and certain corporate events.

In connection with the Restructuring and before any issuances of XBP common stock by the Company, XCV-EMEA (a Debtor not yet owned by the Company) will cause the 21,802,364 shares of XBP common stock held by its subsidiary BTC, which is the majority shareholder of the Company, to be distributed to the holders of Allowed Notes Claims. Consequently, in the Restructuring, the Company will be issuing shares to existing shareholders, and following the Restructuring, no single shareholder is expected to have majority control. Post-Restructuring, ETI is expected to beneficially own approximately 17.8% to 29.6%, Gates Capital is expected to beneficially own approximately 22.4% to 25.4% of the Company’s outstanding shares, and Avenue Capital is expected to beneficially own approximately 9.5% to 11.0% of the Company’s outstanding shares with all other holders having less than 10% (in each case taking into account shares issuable upon cash exercise of the warrant issued in connection with the Restructuring, but without taking into account any shares of our common stock that may be purchased by ETI or its affiliates to satisfy certain funding obligations under the Plan) (percentages would vary depending on funding participation).

Additionally, pursuant to the Plan, certain Consenting Creditors, including Gates Capital and Avenue Capital, will have the one time-right to designate four members of the Company’s Board on behalf of all the recipients of our common stock under the Plan. ETI affiliates had the right to designate two directors, and designated Par Chadha and James Reynolds to continue serving on the Board alongside Andrej Jonovic, XBP’s Chief Executive Officer. In additon, a lead independent director will be selected from the independent directors by a majority vote of the directors. As of the date of this proxy statement, no new director nominees have been proposed..

Separately, we have discussed the interests of certain officers and directors and a Substantial Shareholder in the Plan.

The Company is seeking stockholder approval of the Nasdaq Proposal to the extent the XBP common stock issuances pursuant to the Restructuring are deemed to require stockholder approval under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a). Moreover, if the Company’s issuances pursuant to the Restructuring are deemed to result in a change of control, stockholder approval under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b) may be deemed to be required.

Finally, regarding Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), in the Restructuring, holders of Allowed Notes Claims will receive 0.2008 shares of XBP common stock per dollar of Allowed Notes Claims, which constitutes a $4.98 per share valuation. The per share valuation was determined by having an independent valuation firm value the Company on an equity basis prior to giving effect to the Acquisition and Restructuring. This valuation is nearly five times the closing share price of the XBP common stock on the Nasdaq stock market on July [·], 2025, which was $[·] per share. Accordingly, this share price exceeds the “minimum price” set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) as of the date of this proxy statement. However, the Board is seeking stockholder approval of the issuance of shares of XBP common stock pursuant to the Restructuring under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) as a precautionary measure to address any potential requirement for stockholder approval at the time of issuance.

The approval of the Nasdaq Proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting, assuming that a quorum is present. Failure to vote by proxy or to vote online at the Special Meeting or an abstention from voting will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on the Nasdaq Proposal.

This Proposal 4 is not conditioned on the approval of any other Proposal in this proxy statement.

THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT XBP STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR”
THE APPROVAL OF THE NASDAQ PROPOSAL.

The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of XBP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that stockholders vote for the Proposals. In addition, XBP’s officers have interests in the Proposals that may conflict with your interests as a stockholder. See “Risk Factors -Risks Relating to the Restructuring - Our directors and officers have financial and other incentives that may influence them to support the Restructuring without regard to the interests of public stockholders, which could subject us to litigation or regulatory scrutiny.”

At the Annual Meeting, stockholders will be asked to adopt an amendment to the XBP Charter to effect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock by a numerical ratio of not less than 1-for-3 and not more than 1-for-15, with the exact ratio, if approved and effected at all, to be set within that range at the discretion of the XBP Board if deemed in the best interests of stockholders, and publicly announced by XBP during 2025, following approval at the Annual Meeting (the “Reverse Stock Split”); however, it is expected that such determination and announcement shall promptly follow the Annual Meeting to align with the timing of our requested exception from Nasdaq, as discussed further below. The proposed amendment to the XBP Charter (as amended by the Charter Amendment Proposals) reflecting the Reverse Stock Split is included in Annex D to this proxy statement. By approving this Proposal 5, stockholders would give the XBP Board the authority, but not the obligation, to effect the Reverse Stock Split and full discretion to approve the ratio at which shares of XBP common stock will be reclassified, from and including a ratio of 1-for-3 and up to and including a ratio of 1-for-15. The ratio (if any) selected by the Board for the Reverse Stock Split would be publicly disclosed by XBP to the stockholders during 2025, following approval at the Annual Meeting.

We are requesting stockholder approval to effect the Reverse Stock Split at a ratio of not less than 1-for-3 and not more than 1-for-15, with the exact ratio determined by the Board and publicly announced by XBP during 2025, following approval at the Annual Meeting, to provide the Board with the flexibility to determine the appropriate ratio for the Reverse Stock Split, if deemed in the best interests of stockholders based upon our financial results, long-term outlook, corporate strategy, market factors and our perception in the market. However, the Board reserves the right to elect not to proceed with the Reverse Stock Split, even if approved, and to abandon the Reverse Stock Split if it determines, in its sole discretion, that the Reverse Stock Split is no longer in the best interests of our stockholders. No further action by the stockholders will be required for the Board to either implement or abandon the Reverse Stock Split. For the avoidance of doubt, except as otherwise specified herein, all share and dollar amounts set forth in this proxy statement are on a pre-Reverse Stock Split basis.

If the Board does not effect the Reverse Stock Split during 2025, any authority granted to the Board by our stockholders pursuant to this Proposal will terminate.

XBP common stock is traded on Nasdaq under the symbol “XBP.” XBP warrants are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “XBPEW.”

The Board has authorized the resolution to seek stockholder approval to effect the Reverse Stock Split because we believe that the Reverse Stock Split will make our common stock more attractive to a broader range of institutional and other investors and if necessary to help satisfy The Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements and/or the listing requirements of another exchange if deemed in the best interests of stockholders. It is our understanding that the current market price of our common stock may affect its acceptability to certain institutional investors, professional investors, and other members of the investing public. It is also our understanding that many brokerage houses and institutional investors have internal policies and practices that either prohibit them from investing in low-priced stocks or tend to discourage individual brokers from recommending low-priced stocks to their customers. In addition, some of those policies and practices may function to make the processing of trades in low-priced stocks economically unattractive to brokers. Moreover, because brokers’ commissions on low-priced stocks generally represent a higher percentage of the stock price than commissions on higher-priced stocks, the current average price per share of our common stock can result in individual stockholders paying transaction costs representing a higher percentage of their total share value than would be the case if the share price were substantially higher. However, some investors may view the Reverse Stock Split negatively because it reduces the number of shares of XBP common stock available in the public market.

Reducing the number of outstanding shares of our common stock through the Reverse Stock Split is intended, absent other factors, to increase the per share market price of our common stock. However, other factors, such as our financial results, market conditions, long-term outlook, corporate strategy and the market perception of our business may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Reverse Stock Split, if completed, will result in the intended benefits described above, that the market price of our common stock will increase following the Reverse Stock Split, that the market price of our common stock will not decrease in the future, or that our common stock will achieve a high enough price per share to permit its continued listing by Nasdaq.

In evaluating the proposed Reverse Stock Split, the Board also took into consideration certain risks associated with reverse stock splits generally, including the negative perception of reverse stock splits held by some investors, analysts and other stock market participants, the fact that the stock price of some companies that have effected reverse stock splits has subsequently declined back to pre-reverse stock split levels, and the risks described below.

There can be no assurance that the total market capitalization of our common stock (the aggregate value of our common stock at the then market price) after the implementation of the Reverse Stock Split will be equal to or greater than the total market capitalization before the Reverse Stock Split or that the per share market price of our common stock following the Reverse Stock Split will increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding before the Reverse Stock Split.

There can be no assurance that the market price per share of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split will remain unchanged or increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding before the Reverse Stock Split. For example, based on the closing price of our common stock on July [·], 2025, of $[·] per share, if the Board were to implement the Reverse Stock Split and utilize a ratio of 1-for-5, we cannot assure you that the post-split market price of our common stock would be $[·] (that is, $[·] multiplied by 5) per share or greater. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate and potentially decline after the Reverse Stock Split.

Accordingly, the total market capitalization of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split when and if approved and effected may be lower than the total market capitalization before the Reverse Stock Split. Moreover, in the future, the market price of our common stock following the Reverse Stock Split may not exceed or remain higher than the market price prior to the Reverse Stock Split.

If the Reverse Stock Split is approved and effected, the resulting per-share market price may not attract institutional investors or investment funds and may not satisfy the investing guidelines of such investors and, consequently, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not improve.

While the Board believes that a higher stock price may help generate investor interest, there can be no assurance that the Reverse Stock Split will result in a per-share market price that will attract institutional investors or investment funds or that such share price will satisfy the investing guidelines of institutional investors or investment funds. As a result, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not necessarily improve.

A decline in the market price of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split is approved and effected may result in a greater percentage decline than would occur in the absence of the Reverse Stock Split.

If the Reverse Stock Split is approved and effected and the market price of our common stock declines, the percentage decline may be greater than would occur in the absence of the Reverse Stock Split.

The market price of our common stock will, however, also be based upon our performance and other factors, which are unrelated to the number of shares of XBP common stock outstanding.

The effect of the Reverse Stock Split could make it harder to comply with certain Nasdaq listing requirements.

Following the effectiveness of any Reverse Stock Split approved by the stockholders, current stockholders will hold fewer shares of XBP common stock, with such number of shares dependent on the specific ratio for the Reverse Stock Split. For example, if a 1-for-5 Reverse Stock Split is implemented, a “round-lot” stockholder owning an aggregate of 300 shares of XBP common stock prior to the Reverse Stock Split would hold 60 shares of XBP common stock following the Reverse Stock Split. This could ultimately lead to fewer round lot holders and jeopardize XBP’s ability to comply with Nasdaq’s listing requirements regarding round lot holders.

If we are unable to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted, which could affect the price of our XBP common stock and liquidity and reduce our ability to raise capital.

We can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would be successful, or would allow us to stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement or prevent future noncompliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. Such a delisting or even notification of failure to comply with such requirements would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. Furthermore, if our common stock were delisted it could adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations and our ability to attract and retain employees by means of equity compensation and/or result in the loss of confidence by investors.

Because the number of authorized shares of our common stock will not be reduced proportionately, Reverse Stock Split will increase the Board’s ability to issue authorized and unissued shares without further stockholder action.

Because the number of authorized shares of our common stock will not be reduced proportionately, the Reverse Stock Split will increase the Board’s ability to issue authorized and unissued shares without further stockholder action. Without taking into account the impact of the proposed Reverse Stock Split, we already have a substantial number of authorized but unissued shares of stock, the issuance of which would be dilutive to our existing stockholders and may cause a decline in the trading price of our common stock. With respect to authorized but unissued and unreserved shares, we could also use such shares to oppose a hostile takeover attempt or delay or prevent changes in control or changes in or removal of management. Other than the foregoing, there are no existing plans, arrangements or understandings relating to the issuance of any of the authorized, but unissued and unreserved shares, whether available as a result of the proposed Reverse Stock Split or otherwise.

Effecting the Reverse Stock Split; Board Discretion to Implement Reverse Stock Split

If adopted by stockholders at the Annual Meeting and the Board decides that it is in the best interests of XBP and our stockholders to file the proposed amendment to the XBP Charter to effect the Reverse Stock Split, the Board will establish an appropriate ratio for the Reverse Stock Split based on several factors existing at such time, XBP will publicly announce the ratio selected by the Board and we will subsequently file an amendment to the XBP Charter, in the form of the proposed amendment to XBP Charter attached in Annex D. The Board will consider, among other factors, prevailing market conditions, the likely effect of the Reverse Stock Split on the trading price of our common stock and on our compliance with applicable Nasdaq listing requirements, and the marketability and liquidity of our common stock. The Board will also determine the appropriate timing for filing the amendment to our XBP Charter with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the Reverse Stock Split. If, for any reason, the Board deems it advisable, the Board in its sole discretion, may abandon the Reverse Stock Split at any time prior to the effectiveness of the amendment to our XBP Charter, without further action by our stockholders. Assuming the Board determines that it is in the best interests of XBP and our stockholders to proceed with the Reverse Stock Split, the Reverse Stock Split will be effective as of the date and time set forth in the amendment to XBP Charter that is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Effective Time”).

At the Effective Time, without any further action on the part of XBP or our stockholders, the outstanding shares of XBP common stock held by stockholders of record as of the Effective Time will be reclassified and combined into a lesser number of shares of XBP common stock based on the ratio selected by the Board and publicly announced by the Company. For example, if the Board approves a ratio of 1-for-5, a stockholder who holds 500 shares of XBP common stock as of the Effective Time will hold 100 shares of XBP common stock following the Reverse Stock Split.

If the Reverse Stock Split is adopted and effected, the number of shares of our common stock owned by each stockholder will be reduced in the same proportion as the reduction in the total number of shares outstanding, such that the percentage of our common stock owned by each stockholder will remain unchanged, except for any de minimis change resulting from the treatment of any fractional shares that such stockholder would have received as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. The number of shares of XBP common stock that may be received upon conversion, exercise or exchange, as the case may be, of outstanding options or other securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock, and the exercise or conversion prices for these securities, will also be adjusted in accordance with their terms, as of the Effective Time.

XBP common stock is currently registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and we are subject to the periodic reporting and other requirements of the Exchange Act. The proposed Reverse Stock Split will not affect the registration of our common stock under the Exchange Act. If the Reverse Stock Split is approved and effected, our common stock will receive a new CUSIP number.

If this Proposal is approved by the stockholders at the Annual Meeting and the Board decides that it is in the best interests of XBP and our stockholders to effect the Reverse Stock Split, our stockholders will be notified of the ratio for the Reverse Stock Split selected by the Board and that the Reverse Stock Split has been approved and effected. The mechanics of the Reverse Stock Split will differ depending upon whether a stockholder holds its shares of XBP common stock in brokerage accounts or “street name” or whether the shares are registered directly in a stockholder’s name and held in book-entry form.

· Our stockholders who hold shares of XBP common stock in “street name” through a nominee (such as a bank or broker) will be treated in the same manner as stockholders whose shares are registered in their names, and nominees will be instructed to effect the Reverse Stock Split for their beneficial holders. However, nominees may have different procedures for processing the Reverse Stock Split and stockholders holding shares in “street name” are encouraged to contact their nominees.

· Our registered stockholders may hold some or all of their shares of XBP common stock electronically in book-entry form under the direct registration system for securities. These stockholders will not have stock certificates evidencing their ownership of our common stock. They are, however, provided with a statement reflecting the number of shares registered in their accounts. Stockholders holding registered shares of our common stock in book-entry form need not take any action to receive post-Reverse Stock Split shares as a transaction statement will automatically be sent to the stockholder’s address of record indicating the number of shares held.

Stockholders who would otherwise hold fractional shares because the number of shares of XBP common stock they hold before the Reverse Stock Split is not evenly divisible, based on the Reverse Stock Split ratio approved by our Board, will be entitled to receive cash (without interest or deduction) in lieu of such fractional shares from our transfer agent, upon receipt by our transfer agent of a properly completed and duly executed transmittal letter and, in an amount per share equal to the product obtained by multiplying (a) the closing price per share of our common stock on the effective date for the Reverse Stock Split as reported on the Nasdaq, after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split, by (b) the fraction of the share owned by the stockholder, without interest. The ownership of a fractional share interest will not give the holder any voting, dividend, or other rights, except to receive the above-described cash payment.

Currently, we are authorized to issue up to a total of 200,000,000 shares of XBP common stock, of which 35,915,548 shares were issued and outstanding as of the Record Date and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which no shares were issued and outstanding as of the Record Date. The Reverse Stock Split, if approved and effected, will not have any effect on the authorized number of shares of our common stock or preferred stock.

The Reverse Stock Split will not affect the par value of our common stock per share, which will remain $0.0001 par value per share. As a result, as of the Effective Time, the total of the stated capital attributable to common stock and the additional paid-in capital account on our balance sheet will not change due to the Reverse Stock Split. Reported per share net income or loss will be higher because there will be fewer shares of XBP common stock outstanding.

Notwithstanding the decrease in the number of outstanding shares following the implementation of the Reverse Stock Split, the Board does not intend for this transaction to be the first step in a “going private transaction” within the meaning of Rule 13e-3 of the Exchange Act, and the implementation of the proposed Reverse Stock Split will not cause the Company to go private.

Under the DGCL, stockholders will not be entitled to dissenters’ rights with respect to the proposed amendment to the XBP Charter to effect the Reverse Stock Split, and we do not intend to independently provide stockholders with any such right.

The Board reserves the right to abandon the proposed amendment to the XBP Charter described in this Proposal without further action by our stockholders at any time before the Effective Time, even if stockholders approve this Proposal at the Annual Meeting. By voting in favor of the adoption of the Reverse Stock Split, stockholders are also expressly authorizing the Board to determine not to proceed with, and abandon, the Reverse Stock Split if the Board should so decide.

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the proposed Reverse Stock Split to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of our Common Stock. This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial decisions, and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), in each case in effect as of the date of this proxy statement. These authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively in a manner that could adversely affect a U.S. Holder. We have not sought and will not seek any rulings from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below and there can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position to that discussed below regarding the tax consequences of the proposed Reverse Stock Split.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our Common Stock that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation (or any other entity or arrangement treated as a corporation) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust if (1) its administration is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and all of its substantial decisions are subject to the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code), or (2) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

This discussion is limited to U.S. Holders who hold our Common Stock as a “capital asset” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to the particular circumstances of a U.S. Holder, including the impact of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to U.S. Holders that are subject to special rules, including, without limitation, financial institutions, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, grantor trusts, tax-exempt organizations, brokers, dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies, stockholders who hold our Common Stock as part of a position in a straddle or as part of a hedging, conversion or integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, or U.S. Holders who actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power or total value of shares of all classes of our stock.

If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is the beneficial owner of our Common Stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Accordingly, partnerships (and other entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holding our Common Stock and the partners in such entities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the proposed Reverse Stock Split to them.

In addition, the following discussion does not address the U.S. federal estate and gift tax, alternative minimum tax, or state, local and non-U.S. tax law consequences of the proposed Reverse Stock Split. Furthermore, the following discussion does not address any tax consequences of transactions effectuated before, after or at the same time as the proposed Reverse Stock Split, whether or not they are in connection with the proposed Reverse Stock Split.

Each stockholder should consult his, her or its own tax advisors concerning the particular U.S. federal tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split, as well as the consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction, including any state, local or foreign income tax consequences.

The proposed Reverse Stock Split is intended to be treated as a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Code. As a result, a U.S. Holder generally should not recognize gain or loss upon the proposed Reverse Stock Split for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

A U.S. Holder’s aggregate adjusted tax basis in the shares of our Common Stock received pursuant to the proposed Reverse Stock Split should equal the aggregate adjusted tax basis of the shares of our Common Stock exchanged therefor. The U.S. Holder’s holding period in the shares of our Common Stock received pursuant to the proposed Reverse Stock Split should include the holding period in the shares of our Common Stock exchanged therefor. U.S. Treasury Regulations provide detailed rules for allocating the tax basis and holding period of shares of Common Stock surrendered in a recapitalization to shares received in the recapitalization. U.S. Holders of shares of our Common Stock acquired on different dates and at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of the tax basis and holding period of such shares.

A U.S. Holder that, pursuant to the proposed Reverse Stock Split, receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of our Common Stock should recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash received and the portion of the U.S. Holder’s aggregate adjusted tax basis in the shares of our Common Stock surrendered that is allocated to such fractional share. Such capital gain or loss will be short term if the pre-Reverse Stock Split shares were held for one year or less at the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split and long term if held for more than one year. No gain or loss will be recognized by us as a result of the proposed Reverse Stock Split.

Payments of cash made in lieu of a fractional share of our Common Stock may, under certain circumstances, be subject to information reporting and backup withholding. To avoid backup withholding, each holder of our Common Stock that does not otherwise establish an exemption should furnish its taxpayer identification number and comply with the applicable certification procedures. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and amounts withheld will be allowed as a credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. Holders of our Common Stock should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules to them.

The U.S. federal income tax discussion set forth above does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a particular stockholder in light of such stockholder’s circumstances and income tax situation. Accordingly, we urge you to consult with your own tax advisor with respect to all of the potential U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences to you of the Reverse Stock Split.

THE PRECEDING DISCUSSION IS INTENDED ONLY AS A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN FEDERAL U.S. INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT AND DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OR DISCUSSION OF ALL POTENTIAL TAX EFFECTS RELEVANT THERETO. YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE PARTICULAR FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT IN LIGHT OF YOUR SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES.

If the Reverse Stock Split is not approved, there is a possibility that we could be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market if the minimum bid price of our securities falls below the Nasdaq minimum amounts and it is possible we will not realize the other benefits described above of having higher priced securities. If we are unable to achieve an increase in our stock price and our common stock is subsequently delisted, it could significantly and negatively affect our ability to obtain debt or equity financing in order to support Company operations.

The Reverse Stock Split Proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on this Proposal.

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT PROPOSAL.

The Adjournment Proposal, if adopted, will allow the Board to adjourn the Annual Meeting to a later date or dates to permit further solicitation of proxies. The Adjournment Proposal will only be presented to XBP’s stockholders in the event that based upon the tabulated vote at the time of the Annual Meeting there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of any of the Director Election Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposals, the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal, or the Nasdaq Proposal. In no event will the Board adjourn the Annual Meeting beyond the date by which it may properly do so under the XBP Charter or Delaware law.

If the Adjournment Proposal is not approved by XBP’s stockholders, XBP Board may not be able to adjourn the Annual Meeting to a later date in the event that there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of the Proposals.

The approval of the Adjournment Proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on this Proposal.

THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT XBP’S STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE
APPROVAL OF THE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL.

The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of XBP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what they may believe is in the best interests of XBP and its stockholders and what they may believe is best for themselves in determining to recommend that stockholders vote for the Proposals. In addition, XBP’s officers have interests in the Restructuring that may conflict with your interests as a stockholder. See “Risk Factors -Risks Relating to the Restructuring - Our directors and officers have financial and other incentives that may influence them to support the Restructuring without regard to the interests of public stockholders, which could subject us to litigation or regulatory scrutiny.”

This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program for the Company’s executive officers who are named in the “Summary Compensation Table” below. As a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, the Company is not required to include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis and has elected to comply with the scaled disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies. The Company’s named executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

On June 14, 2024, the Board, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, ratified and approved the following compensation for the Company’s named executive officers for 2024:

The annual incentive awards were established under the Company’s Executive Officer Annual Bonus Plan (the “Bonus Plan”), which was ratified, approved and adopted by the Board on June 14, 2024 upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee. The purpose of the Bonus Plan is to motivate and reward senior officers through incentive compensation, attract and retain talent, and align individual performance with company goals. Pursuant to the Bonus Plan, executive officers of the Company selected by the Compensation Committee each year will be eligible to receive awards in amounts up to 100% of their annual base salary, based upon individual performance measures, company performance measures, or both, as determined by the Compensation Committee for each participant and year, following a recommendation from management. The awards under the plan typically will be paid in cash in the year following the plan year and are subject to the participant’s continued employment through the payment date, with exceptions made for death, disability, or termination without cause.

The compensation paid to Mr. Robu reflected in the summary compensation table was provided pursuant to an employment agreement entered into with HOV Global Services Limited, dated April 23, 2010, pursuant to which Mr. Robu serves as President, EMEA. The employment agreement provides for an indefinite term. During 2024, Mr. Robu’s annual base salary was increased to $455,000 and pursuant to the employment agreement, is entitled to annual increases in his base salary by the greater of (i) 10% of his base salary (“Adjustment Percentage”), and (ii) the annual consumer price index of inflation published by the Office for National Statistics of the United Kingdom as of the end of the monthly period following the respective commencement date anniversary, provided that the Company may in its absolute discretion change the Adjustment Percentage, provided, however that the Adjustment Percentage may not be less than the consumer price index. The employment agreement also provides that Mr. Robu will be eligible to participate in the HOV Global Services Limited’s private medical health insurance, travel insurance, and, at the expense of the HOV Global Services Limited, a life insurance plan. The severance provisions contained in Mr. Robu’s employment agreement is described below under “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.” Mr. Robu’s employment agreement also contains restrictive covenants, including customary confidentiality and invention assignment covenants, as well as a non-competition covenant that applies during the term of employment and a covenant not to make use of the Company’s confidential information for personal purposes or on behalf of any other company during the term of employment and at all times thereafter.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, neither Messrs. Jonovic nor Avramovic were parties to an employment agreement with us or an ETI affiliated entity. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, Mr. Chadha did not have an employment agreement with us, but did have an employment agreement with ETI, which is not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. As noted in the Summary Compensation Table above, Mr. Chadha’s sole compensation for his services to the Company was in the form of the equity incentive.

As described above, the annual incentive awards to be paid to our named executive officers under the Bonus Plan are tied to the Company’s financial performance for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and each executive officer was eligible to earn a discretionary annual bonus based on the Company’s achievement in 2024 of performance goals, weighted 50% for revenue and 50% for adjusted EBITDA, as well as a Committee discretionary element. The Compensation Committee determined that the Company had not met the 2024 revenue target and met 98.97% of the adjusted EBITDA under the Bonus Plan and thereby applied their discretion to award bonuses based on such level of attainment (i.e., slightly less than 50%): $237,157 to Mr. Jonovic, $197,445 to Mr. Avramovic and $223,157 to Mr. Robu. In addition, the Compensation Committee determined to provide one-time incremental bonuses of $70,000, $50,000, and $60,000 to each Messrs. Jonovic, Avramovic and Robu, respectively, for their success in completing identified strategic projects.

Stock Plans, Health and Welfare Plans, and Retirement Plans Health and Welfare Plans

On July 13, 2024, our stockholders approved and adopted the Company’s 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2024 Equity Plan”) at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Under the 2024 Equity Plan, subject to adjustment for certain changes in capitalization or other corporate events, the Company is authorized to issue up to 5,520,270 shares of XBP common stock pursuant to equity-based awards, which may be granted to eligible participants in furtherance of the Company’s broader compensation strategy and philosophy. Awards granted under the 2024 Equity Plan are granted upon terms approved by the Company’s Compensation Committee and set forth in an award agreement or other evidence of an award. The 2024 Equity Plan is described in greater detail in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2024 (the “2024 Proxy Statement”), under the caption “Approval of the XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. 2024 Stock Incentive Plan,” which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.

On June 14, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved a Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement and Form of Option Grant Notice and Agreement to be used in connection with the grant of awards under the 2024 Equity Plan. In addition, on June 14, 2024, the Board approved non-material amendments to the 2024 Equity Plan to clarify that certain awards made after the Board adoption date but prior to the approval by stockholders to non-Section 16 employees would have a grant date under the 2024 Equity Plan as of the date of the award and to provide an exception to the minimum vesting period for equity awards made prior to stockholder approval date. None of the amendments to the 2024 Equity Plan affected any awards made to directors or executive officers under the 2024 Equity Plan. The descriptions of the 2024 Equity Plan, as amended, contained in the 2024 Proxy Statement and this proxy statement are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the 2024 Equity Plan.

Our named executive officers would generally be eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans offered to employees based in the same country. Mr. Robu is entitled to participate in the private medical insurance and life insurance made available to employees in the United Kingdom. We have not yet entered into an arrangement pursuant to which Messrs. Jonovic and Avramovic, as our sole employees in the United States, will be entitled to employee benefits, including health insurance; instead we provide a stipend to Mr. Avramovic to obtain his own coverage. We do not provide any such benefits to Messrs. Chadha and Jonovic. While Mr. Chadha has the title of Executive Chairman and has been designated a Section 16 officer, he is not presently an employee of the Company.

The Company’s named executive officers would be generally eligible to participate in the retirement plans offered to those employees based in the same country. As such, Mr. Robu is entitled to participate in the pension scheme made available to employees in the United Kingdom. Messrs. Jonovic, Avramovic and Chadha do not participate in any retirement plans offered by the Company.

We have a clawback policy that covers current and former executive officers in accordance with the requirements of Exchange Act Rule 10D-1 and Nasdaq listing standards. Our compensation clawback policy has been filed as Exhibit 97.1 to the Original Report.

The following table sets forth information concerning outstanding equity awards held by each of our named executive officers as of December 31, 2024:

The Company does not have a formal policy governing the timing of equity award grants in relation to the disclosure of material nonpublic information. However, as a general practice, equity awards are granted based on factors such as individual performance, market conditions, and retention objectives, rather than with a view toward the timing of material nonpublic information. The Company does not intentionally time the disclosure of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of executive compensation, including equity awards or other performance-based incentives. In instances where the Company may possess material nonpublic information at the time equity awards are being considered, the Compensation Committee (or its delegate) may consider whether it would be appropriate to delay the grant until after such information has been disclosed, in order to avoid any potential concerns regarding the timing of the grant. The exercise price of stock options, if granted, under the 2024 Equity Plan is generally based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. To date we have not issued any stock options to our named executive officers.

The following summaries describe the potential payments and benefits that the Company would provide in connection with a termination of employment and/or a change in control, in each case, as of December 31, 2024, the last day of XBP Europe’s 2024 fiscal year.

Vitalie Robu. Pursuant to Mr. Robu’s employment agreement with HOV Global Services Limited, a subsidiary of the Company, if Mr. Robu is terminated other than for gross misconduct or material breach of the terms of his employment agreement (as further detailed in Mr. Robu’s employment agreement), in addition to any statutory entitlements, Mr. Robu will be entitled to six months’ prior notice or payment of his base salary in lieu thereof, payable in the form of salary continuation payments.

As of December 31, 2024, we had not entered into a written agreement or adopted a formal policy providing Messrs. Jonovic or Avramovic with severance benefits, upon a termination of his employment by us without cause. See Compensation Developments below regarding the potential payments to certain of our named executive officers in effect as of the date of this proxy statement.

During March and April 2025, the Company accelerated the vesting of the outstanding RSUs held by the named executive officers and members of our Board in addition to accelerating the vesting of certain additional awards granted to such persons during February 2025 together with certain options and awards issued to our employees that are not executive officers. As a result of such accelerated vesting, grants under the 2024 Equity Plan that have not yet vested, as well as forfeitures of shares upon termination of employment or in connection with net settlements of awards for tax purposes, as of April 29, 2025, there remained 294,487 shares available for issuance under the 2024 Equity Plan.

On April 29, 2025, we adopted the Severance Plan which is applicable to Messrs. Jonovic, Robu and Avramovic and any other employee selected by the Compensation Committee to be eligible for severance benefits under the Severance Plan. The Severance Plan is intended to increase the retention of the senior leadership team and to provide severance benefits under specified circumstances to certain individuals who are in a position to contribute materially to the success of the Company. These arrangements are also intended to facilitate changes in the leadership team by setting terms for the termination of an executive officer in advance, thereby allowing a smooth transition of responsibilities when it is in the best interests of the Company.

Pursuant to the terms of the Severance Plan, if an eligible executive’s employment is involuntarily terminated by the Company without “cause” prior to, or 24 months after, the occurrence of a “change in control” (as such terms are described in the Severance Plan), upon executing a release of claims in favor of the Company, such executive, will be entitled to the following benefits:

The Severance Plan also provides that in the event of an executive’s employment is involuntarily terminated by the Company without “cause” within 24 months following a “change in control” or an executive’s employment is voluntarily terminated for “good reason” within 24 months following a “change in control,” upon executing a release of claims in favor of the Company, the executive will be entitled to the following benefits:

The Board has determined that the Restructuring, as currently contemplated would be deemed to be a “change of control” for purposes of the Severance Plan. Accordingly, if any of Messrs. Jonovic, Avramovic or Robu are terminated without cause or terminates his employment voluntarily for good reason during the 24 month period following the closing of the restructuring, they would be entitled to the enhanced severance benefits contemplated by the Severance Plan during such period.

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of shares of XBP common stock as of the Record Date by:

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days.

The beneficial ownership of shares of XBP common stock is based on 35,915,548 issued and outstanding shares of XBP common stock as of the Record Date. Unless otherwise indicated, XBP believes that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all XBP common stock beneficially owned by them.

This table is based upon information supplied by officers, directors and principal stockholders and Schedule 13D and Forms 3 and 4 filed with the SEC. Unless otherwise indicated, the Company believes that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the voting securities beneficially owned by them. The beneficial ownership percentages of XBP common stock of the Company are based on 35,915,548 shares of XBP common stock issued and outstanding as of June 12, 2025.

We have adopted a written policy requiring that any related person transaction that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act be reviewed and approved by our Audit Committee or, if the Audit Committee is not able to review the transaction for any reason, the chairman of the Audit Committee. Compensation matters regarding our executive officers or directors are reviewed and approved by our Compensation Committee. All relevant factors with respect to a proposed related person transaction will be considered, and such a transaction will only be approved if it is in our and our stockholders’ best interests. Related persons include our major stockholders and directors and officers, as well as immediate family members of directors and officers.

Since January 1, 2024, XBP participated in the following transactions with related persons that are required to be reported under the SEC’s rules:

Prior to the Business Combination, the Company’s subsidiaries were indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of ETI. ETI’s indirect subsidiary, BTC, continues to control a significant percentage of the outstanding voting power of the Company. So long as this ownership and control continues, BTC will generally have the ability to control the outcome of any matter submitted for the vote of the Company’s stockholders, including the election and removal of directors, changes to the size of the Board, any amendment to the XBP Charter and Bylaws, and the approval of any merger or other significant corporate transaction, including a sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets (other than in certain circumstances set forth in the XBP Charter or Bylaws). In addition, since the beginning of our last fiscal year, and historically, we have relied on ETI’s subsidiaries to provide a number of services, and we have made sales to and received products from such subsidiaries. Following the Acquisition, we now own these subsidiaries.

Concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company entered into the Tax Sharing Agreement. The Tax Sharing Agreement requires ETI to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its subsidiaries from and against any taxes of any consolidated, combined, or unitary group for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) tax purposes that include any of ETI and its affiliates imposed on the Company or any of its subsidiaries as a result of having been a member of ETI’s consolidated tax group for any tax year ending on or prior to the date of closing of the Business Combination.

The Tax Sharing Agreement also provides that if the Company (or its subsidiaries) is eligible to be included in an ETI consolidated tax group after the date of closing of the Business Combination (an “ETI Consolidated Tax Group”), (i) ETI will file income tax returns for the ETI Consolidated Group, (ii) the Company will make periodic payments to ETI in such amounts as the estimated tax payments that would be due from the consolidated group that consisting of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “XBP Consolidated Group”) if the XBP Consolidated Group were not included in the ETI Consolidated Group, and (iii) ETI will pay the entire federal (and applicable state and local) income tax liability of the ETI Consolidated Group and will indemnify and hold harmless the XBP Consolidated Group against any such liability (other than the XBP Consolidated Group’s share of such liability). The Tax Sharing Agreement also sets forth rules related to allocating income, losses, and credits to the XBP Consolidated Group, preparing consolidated tax returns of the ETI Consolidated Group, and conducting tax audits and litigation involving the ETI Consolidated Group.

Following the Restructuring this agreement will cease to have any substantive effect.

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, we entered into a license agreement (the “License Agreement”) pursuant to which we both granted to certain of ETI affiliates and received from such affiliates, a world-wide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable license to intellectual property in existence at the closing of the Business Combination for use in the same manner as used by prior to such closing. The License Agreement includes limited restrictions on sublicenses and assignments to certain parties and contemplates the purchase improvements after such closing at negotiated royalties. Additionally, the License Agreement includes customary confidentiality and indemnification obligations from both licensors and licensees.

Following the Acquisition this agreement has become an intra-company arrangement, save for arrangements with ETI that will cease to have any substantive effect upon the completion of the Restructuring.

Concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination, we entered into a Services Agreement with Exela Technologies BPA, LLC. The Services Agreement requires the BPA Group, its affiliates, and its permitted subcontractors to provide to us the services, access to facilities, personnel, equipment, software and hardware and other assistance that were provided to us during the 12 months prior to the closing of the Business Combination. BPA Group is also required to respond in good faith to any request for new services or services in addition to those provided in the 12 months prior to such closing.

The Services Agreement had an initial term of 12 months and will continue to the extent that the parties thereto have mutually agreed to a longer term for any individual service. Services shall generally be charged at cost plus 15%, or as otherwise agreed or required by law Services provided under Annex A of the Services Agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company incurred a total of $1.5 million of the related party service fee under such Annex A and $3.6 million in connection with the related party shared service center cost allocated to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024.

As a result of the Acquisition, Exela Technologies BPA, LLC became our subsidiary.

Subsidiaries of Legacy XBP entered into four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes payable”) with affiliates of ETI, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes payable have a ten-year term and bear annual interest of 6.0%, due at the end of the term. The consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million of new related party notes payable as of December 31, 2024, and included $0.1 million of related party interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024, in the related party interest expense, net.

These notes are expected to be eliminated upon consolidation at the XBP Global level. See pro forma financial information for further details.

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Sponsor entered a lock-up agreement with BTC and us, pursuant to which BTC agreed that all securities of the Company held by it immediately following the closing of Business Combination would be locked-up and subject to transfer restrictions until the earlier of: (i) November 29, 2024, and (ii) the date on which the Company consummates a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization, or other similar transaction following the closing of Business Combination which results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of XBP common stock for cash, securities or other property; provided, that BTC was permitted to make transfers (i) by virtue of the laws of the state the entity’s organization and the entity’s organizational documents upon dissolution of the entity, (ii) as a bona fide gift, or to a charitable organization or educational institution in a transaction not involving a disposition for value, and (iii) to a subsidiary of ETI, that is not a restricted subsidiary or subsidiary guarantor as defined in ETI’s credit documents, provided that any such permitted transferee agrees in writing to be subject to receive and hold any shares of XBP common stock received subject to the same lock-up restrictions.

Concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company, the Sponsor, the former independent directors of the Company, and BTC entered into an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “2024 Registration Rights Agreement”). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company is obligated to file one or more registration statements to register the resales of XBP common stock held by the parties to the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement after such closing. Holders of CFVIII Class A XBP common stock who were party to the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement dated March 11, 2021 between CFVIII and such holders (the “Existing Holders”) or the parties listed under the New Holders on the signature page to the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement (the “New Holders”), in each case holding a majority of the registrable securities owned by all the Existing Holders or New Holders, as applicable, are entitled under the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement to make a written demand for registration under the Securities Act of all or part of their registrable securities (up to a maximum of two demand registrations by the Sponsor, or five demand registrations by the New Holders). In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement and subject to certain requirements and customary conditions, the Company must file a registration statement on Form S-1 to register the resale of the registrable securities of the Company held by Existing Holders and the New Holders and any person or entity who becomes a party to the Registration Rights Agreement (“Holders”). The 2024 Registration Rights Agreement also provides such Holders with “piggy-back” registration rights, subject to certain requirements and customary conditions.

Under the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement, the Company indemnifies such Holders and certain persons or entities related to such Holders such as their officers, directors, and control persons against any losses or damages resulting from any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement or prospectus pursuant to which the Holders sell their registrable securities, or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein to make any statements made therein not misleading, unless such liability arose from such Holder’s misstatement or alleged misstatement, or omission or alleged omission, and the Holders including registrable securities in any registration statement or prospectus will indemnify the Company and certain persons or entities related to the Company such as its officers and directors and underwriters against all losses caused by their misstatements or omissions (or alleged misstatements or omissions) in those documents.

On February 5, 2025, the Company entered into a new related party agreement with Nventr, LLC, a portfolio company of HGM and in which our executive chairman holds a 20% interest, that provides AI analytics solutions. We incurred approximately $0.2 million in fees pursuant to this agreement through March 31, 2025.

On February 18, 2025, the Company entered into a new related party agreement with HOV Services Ltd., a company of which our executive chairman also serves as executive chairman, to help mitigate the risk of service disruption from the ongoing Chapter 11 Cases of the Debtors by providing an alternate source for certain business process outsourcing, management, and financial transaction processing solutions. We incurred approximately $0.2 million in fees pursuant to this agreement through March 31, 2025.

Pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2025, the Company issued 1,680,000 shares of XBP common stock to ETI in exchange for 100% of the membership interests in GP 2XCV Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. GP 2XCV Holdings LLC is the owner of GP 2XCV LLC, which is the holder of $2,301,600 senior secured promissory notes of the Debtors.

Please also refer to the descriptions of the Acquisition and Restructuring contained herein.

For purposes of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company is a “controlled company.” Under the Nasdaq rules, controlled companies are companies of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group, or another company. Presently, BTC owns a majority of the issued and outstanding XBP common stock. Following the closing of the Restructuring we do not expect to be a “controlled company” as no individual, group, or another company will hold more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors.

As a “controlled company,” the Company is exempt from the requirement that a majority of the Board be independent. The XBP common stock is listed on Nasdaq, and the Company is required to comply with the Nasdaq listing requirements regarding independent directors. Under Nasdaq’s Marketplace Rules, the definition of an “independent director” is a person other than an executive officer or employee of the company or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the issuer’s board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In addition, under the Nasdaq rules a director (A) who at any time during the past three years was employed by the Company or (B) who accepted, or who has a family member who accepted, compensation from the Company in excess of $120,000 (other than compensation for board and committee service, compensation paid to a family member who is an employee (other than an executive officer), benefits under a tax-qualified retirement plan, or non-discretionary compensation) during any period of twelve consecutive months within the three years preceding the determination of independence, shall not be considered independent.

Our Board of Directors has reviewed the Nasdaq rules and such information as the Board has deemed appropriate for purposes of determining whether any of the directors has a relationship which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director, including the beneficial ownership by our directors of XBP common stock. Based on such review, the Board has determined that each director, other than Par Chadha and Andrej Jonovic, qualifies as an independent director under Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Non-management directors meet periodically in executive session without members of the Company’s management at the conclusion of regularly scheduled Board meetings. In addition, Messrs. Akins, Clark, and Reynolds qualify as independent directors for the purpose of serving on the Audit Committee of the Company under SEC rules (Messrs. Akins, Clark and Reynolds being the current members of the Audit Committee).

Following the closing of the Restructuring we do not expect to be a “controlled company” as no individual, group, or another company will hold more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors.

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers, directors and persons who own more than 10% of XBP common stock to file reports with the SEC. Based solely on a review of the copies of reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required, the Company believes that, during fiscal 2024, all filing requirements were met on a timely basis.

XBP is soliciting proxies on behalf of its board of directors. This solicitation is being made by mail but also may be made by telephone or in person. XBP and its directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies in person. XBP will file with the SEC all scripts and other electronic communications as proxy soliciting materials. XBP will bear the cost of the solicitation.

XBP’s stockholders do not have appraisal rights in connection with the Proposals under Delaware law.

The transfer agent and registrar for XBP’s securities is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Pursuant to the rules of the SEC, XBP and servicers that it employs to deliver communications to XBP’s stockholders are permitted to deliver to two or more stockholders sharing the same address a single copy of this proxy statement. Upon written or oral request, XBP will deliver a separate copy of this proxy statement to any stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of this proxy statement was delivered and who wishes to receive separate copies in the future. Stockholders receiving multiple copies of this proxy statement may likewise request that XBP deliver single copies of XBP’s proxy statement in the future. Stockholders may notify XBP of their requests by calling or writing XBP at its principal executive offices at 1237 7th St., Santa Monica, CA 90401, (844) 935-2832.

The XBP Board is aware of no other matter that may be brought before the Annual Meeting. Under Delaware law, only business that is specified in the Notice of Annual Meeting to stockholders may be transacted at the Annual Meeting.

Any stockholder who intends to present a proposal for inclusion in our proxy materials for our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act must deliver the proposal to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at our principal executive offices, located at 1237 7th St., Santa Monica, CA 90401, not less than 120 days prior to the date of this proxy statement. However, if the date of next year’s Annual Meeting is changed by more than 30 days from the date of this year’s meeting, then the deadline is a reasonable time before the Company begins to print and send its proxy materials.

Any stockholder who intends to nominate a candidate for director election at the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or who intends to submit a proposal pursuant to our Bylaws without including such proposal in our proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 must deliver timely notice of the nomination or the proposal to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at our principal executive offices, located at 1237 7th St., Santa Monica, CA 90401, in the form provided in, and by the date required by, our Bylaws. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary not more than 90 days and not less than 60 days prior to our 2026 Annual Meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after the one-year anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by a stockholder, to be timely, must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary no later than the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or, if later, the close of business on the 10th following the day on which the public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was first made. The written notice must include certain information and satisfy the requirements set forth in our Bylaws, a copy of which will be sent to any stockholder upon written request to the Corporate Secretary of the Company.

Stockholders and other interested parties wishing to communicate with the Board, the non-management directors or with an individual Board member concerning the Company may do so by writing to the Board, to the non-management directors or to the particular Board member and mailing the correspondence to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., 1237 7th St., Santa Monica, CA 90401, Attention: Secretary. If from a stockholder, the envelope should indicate that it contains a stockholder communication. All such communications will be forwarded to the director or directors to whom the communications are addressed.

Under SEC rules, a single set of proxy statements and annual reports may be sent to any household at which two or more stockholders reside if they appear to be members of the same family. Each stockholder continues to receive a separate proxy card. This procedure, referred to as “householding,” reduces the volume of duplicate information stockholders receive and reduces mailing and printing expenses. At the present time, we do not “household” for any of our stockholders of record. If a stockholder holds shares in street name, however, such beneficial holder’s bank, broker or other nominee may be delivering only one copy of our proxy statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K to multiple stockholders of the same household who share the same address, and may continue to do so, unless such stockholder’s bank, broker or other nominee has received contrary instructions from one or more of the affected stockholders in the household. We will deliver promptly, upon written or oral request, a separate copy of this proxy statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K to a stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of the documents was delivered. A beneficial holder who wishes to receive a separate copy of our proxy statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K, now or in the future, should submit this request by writing to Exela Technologies, Inc., 1237 7th St., Santa Monica, CA 90401, Attention: Investor Relations Department, or by calling our Investor Relations Department at (844) 935-2832. Beneficial holders sharing an address who are receiving multiple copies of proxy materials and annual reports and who wish to receive a single copy of such materials in the future should contact their bank, broker or other nominee directly to request that only a single copy of each document be mailed to all stockholders at the shared address in the future. Stockholders of record receiving multiple copies of our proxy statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K may request householding by contacting our Investor Relations Department either in writing or by telephone at the above address or phone number.

Access to Virtual-Only Meeting and Participation at the Virtual Annual Meeting

As described in the Notice of Annual Meeting and this proxy statement, you are entitled to participate in the Annual Meeting if you were a stockholder as of the close of business on the Record Date. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person. Instead, you can attend the Annual Meeting by accessing the virtual meeting center at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM.

If you do not have your 16-digit control number, you will be able to access and listen to the Annual Meeting as a guest, but you will not be able to vote your shares or submit questions during the Annual Meeting.

Instructions on how to connect to the Annual Meeting and participate via the Internet, including how to demonstrate proof of stock ownership, ask questions, and vote your shares, are posted at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025SM.

Stockholders will also be able to submit questions through the platform being used for the Annual Meeting. Stockholders may ask questions that are confined to matters properly presented at the Annual Meeting and of general concern to the Company. The Company will use reasonable efforts to answer all questions pertinent to meeting matters during the Annual Meeting, subject to time constraints and the rules of conduct for the Annual Meeting. If we receive questions on similar topics, we may group such questions together and provide a single response.

The Annual Meeting will begin promptly at 10:00 a.m. (Eastern Time) on July 25, 2025. We encourage you to access the Annual Meeting prior to the start time. Online access will open approximately at 9:45 a.m. (Eastern Time), and you should allow ample time to log in to the Annual Meeting and test your computer audio system. We recommend that you carefully review in advance the procedures needed to gain admission to the Annual Meeting.

If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting during the check-in or meeting time, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the virtual Annual Meeting log in page.

The virtual Annual Meeting platform is fully supported across browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari) and devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, and cell phones) running the most updated version of applicable software and plugins. You should ensure that you have a strong Internet connection wherever they intend to participate in the Annual Meeting. You should also give yourself plenty of time to log in and ensure that you can hear streaming audio prior to the start of the Annual Meeting.

XBP files reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC as required by the Exchange Act. You may access XBP’s filings, including this proxy statement, over the Internet at the SEC’s website at: http://www.sec.gov.

If you would like additional copies of this proxy statement or if you have questions about the Proposals to be presented at the Annual Meeting, you should contact XBP by telephone or in writing at the following address and telephone number:

If you are a stockholder of XBP and would like to request documents, to obtain timely delivery, XBP stockholders must request the materials by e-mail no later than five business days prior to the meeting. If you request any documents from XBP, XBP will mail them to you by first class mail, or another equally prompt means.

WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING, WE URGE YOU TO VOTE AND SUBMIT YOUR PROXY IN ADVANCE OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.

Audited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

Audited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis section has been copied from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 19, 2025 (as amended, the “Form 10-K”), and any defined terms used herein retain their meanings as specified in the Form 10-K, which may differ from definitions in the proxy statement.

Unless otherwise noted, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations relates solely to our continuing operations and does not include the operations of our certain on-demand printing operations. See “Pending Divestiture” below and Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information about the disposable group.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with a review of the other Items included in this Annual Report and our December 31, 2024 Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report. Certain statements contained in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

The Company is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of our clients. The Company serves over 2,000 clients of varying sizes and across multiple industries and geographies. We believe our business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

The Company’s digital foundation was developed to deliver fully outsourced solutions to address current and evolving client needs. The Company hosts its products both on client premises and as a SaaS offering in the cloud. These offerings, along with several hybrid solutions are available to clients based on the client’s needs and preferences. When distributing its licenses, the Company offers a flexible model, whereby clients may choose among licenses covering a maximum number of transactions, multi-year term licenses with flexible renewal options, or perpetual licenses.

The Company’s primary source of revenue stems from transactions processed by its products, including bills and payments processing and constitutes the dominant part of revenue in our larger, Bills & Payments reporting segment. Other sources of revenue include the sale of recurring software licenses and professional services, perpetual software licenses, as well as hardware solutions and related maintenance and constitute our Technology reporting segment. The Company offers an industry-agnostic and cross-departmental suite of products, which center around finance and accounting (“F&A”) solutions and services comprised of the XBP Platform, Request to Pay, enterprise information management, Digital Mailroom, business process management and workflow automation, and integrated communication services. The Company also offers core industry solutions for the banking and financial services sector, and has, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, rolled out a suite of Work From Anywhere (“WFA”) applications with enterprise software for connectivity and productivity to enable remote work.

The continued success of the Company’s business is driven by its people. Its operation centers are located in areas where the value proposition the Company offers is attractive relative to other local opportunities, resulting in an engaged, educated multi-lingual workforce that is able to make a meaningful global contribution from their local marketplace. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately 1,450 employees (of which 140 were part-time employees) across 16 countries (14 across Europe and in Morocco as well as the U.S., where our chief executive officer and chief financial officer are located).

XBP Europe, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on September 28, 2022 to facilitate the Business Combination. On November 30, 2023, following the Closing, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “XBP Europe”) and its shares started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker “XBP” and its warrants started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol “XBPEW.” Together with its subsidiaries, the Company constitutes a collection of entities, which have comprised the core European business of ETI since the 1995 merger between Texas-based BancTec, Inc. and Recognition International, Inc. The Company’s subsidiaries and predecessor entities have been serving clients in the European marketplace for over 45 years. In 2018, through the acquisitions of Asterion International and Drescher Full-Service Versand, ETI further expanded its geographic and client reach across Europe.

On October 9, 2022, XBP Europe, Inc. entered into the Merger Agreement with CF VIII, BTC International and Merger Sub. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub, a newly formed subsidiary of CF VIII, merged with and into XBP Europe, Inc., with XBP Europe, Inc. surviving the Merger.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in accordance with GAAP. Under this method of accounting, CF VIII was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing stock for the net assets of CFVIII, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of CFVIII were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Merger were those of the Company.

As a consequence of the Merger, XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. became the successor to CF VIII, which required the Company to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address public company regulatory requirements and customary practices.

On March 4, 2025, the Company announced that it had entered into an exclusive, non-binding letter of intent with ETI to acquire Exela Technologies BPA, LLC (“Exela BPA”), a leading provider of business process automation solutions and subsidiary of ETI. Under the terms of the letter of intent, the Company has been granted exclusivity while the parties work in good faith to negotiate definitive agreements, complete due diligence, undertake necessary regulatory approvals, and seek any necessary approvals, including from the Company’s shareholders.

The Company is continuing to work through the process; however, there can be no assurance that a definitive agreement will be entered into or that the proposed transaction will be consummated. Those portions of the letter of intent that describe the proposed transaction are non-binding. The Company only intends to announce additional details regarding the proposed transaction if and when a definitive agreement is executed.

During the third quarter of 2024, certain on-demand printing operations of the Company met the criteria to be disclosed as discontinued operations in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on discontinued operations.

The Company believes that its performance and future success depend upon several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges including those discussed below and in the section of this Annual Report titled “Risk Factors.”

The Company’s revenue growth depends heavily upon its ability to ensure a timely flow of competitive products, services and technologies to the marketplace while also leveraging its domain expertise. Through regular and sustained investment, licensing of intellectual property and acquisition of third-party businesses and technology, the Company continues to develop new knowledge platforms, applications and supporting service bundles that enhance and expand its existing suite of services. These efforts will require the Company to invest significant financial and other resources.

The Company plans to continue developing new long-term, strategic client relationships, particularly where there is an opportunity to deliver a wide range of capabilities that have a meaningful impact on clients’ business outcomes. As such, the Company plans to leverage the solutions it has already introduced in some European markets, like Confirmation of Payee or Request To Pay, that are part of its XBP platform, and offer them to clients in other European markets as well as solutions and products within its F&A offering such as the ERP data consolidation solution. With the launch of XBP Omnidirect and Reaktr.ai, we are looking to expand our client base. Additionally, the Company continues to evaluate becoming a registered payment service provider to supplement its existing solutions and services. The Company believes there is a long-term opportunity to expand in these markets to serve new clients.

The Company’s ability to attract new clients also depends on a number of factors, including the effectiveness and pricing of its products, its competitors’ offerings, and successfully executing its marketing efforts. Acquisition of new clients is expected to have a positive impact on the Company’s long-term profitability and operations.

In addition to acquiring new clients, the Company intends to continue retaining existing clients and pursue cross-selling and up-selling opportunities. With an existing base of over 2,000 clients, the Company believes there are meaningful opportunities to offer a bundled suite of services and to be a “one-stop-shop” for its clients’ bills and payments automation and broader digital transformation journeys.

The Company’s ability to influence clients to process more transactions and payments on its platforms has a direct impact on its revenue. As such, the Company offers a full suite of solutions by bundling integrated accounts payable and receivables, payment solutions, F&A services, master data management, reporting analytics along with integrated communication services for enterprise and small and medium businesses.

Our two reportable segments are Bills & Payments and Technology. These segments are comprised of significant strategic business units that align our products and services with how we manage our business, approach our key markets and interact with our clients based on their respective industries.

Bills and Payments: The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. The Company offers automation of AP and AR processes and through an integrated platform, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes our digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

Technology: The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring and perpetual software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

We analyze our revenue by comparing actual monthly revenue to internal projections and prior periods across our operating segments in order to assess performance, identify potential areas for improvement, and determine whether segments are meeting management’s expectations.

The Company defines Gross Profit as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company uses Gross Profit by segment to assess financial performance at the segment level.

To supplement its financial data presented on a basis consistent with GAAP, this Annual Report contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. The Company has included these non-GAAP financial measures because they are financial measures used by management to evaluate the Company’s core operating performance and trends, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments. These measures exclude certain expenses that are required under GAAP. The Company excludes these items because they are non-recurring or non-cash expenses that are determined based in part on the Company’s underlying performance.

We define EBITDA as net income (loss), plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus restructuring and related expenses, related party management fee and royalties, non-cash equity compensation, foreign exchange gains or losses, changes in fair value of warrant liability, and non-recurring transaction costs incurred in connection with the Business Combination.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our board of directors and management use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance, because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of our management team. Net income/loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not required to be uniformly applied, are not audited and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss from discontinued operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The Company earns revenue from transactions processed using its products and services. In addition, the Company also sells recurring and perpetual software licenses, as well as maintenance and other professional services. Licensing options are flexible and clients can purchase a license covering a maximum number of transactions, multi-year term licenses with flexible renewal options. The Company derives a majority of its revenue from transactions processing as well as from the sale of licenses and technology implementation services.

Related party revenue — Related party revenue consists of sales of the above products or services to related parties.

Cost of revenue — Cost of revenue consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, including performance bonuses, facility costs and cost of products.

Related party cost of revenue — Related party cost of revenue consists of the cost of the products or services purchased or acquired from related parties, plus a related party transfer pricing markup.

Selling, general and administrative expenses — Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative personnel and officers’ salaries and benefits including performance bonuses, legal and audit expenses, insurance, operating lease expenses (mainly facilities and vehicles) and other facility costs.

Related party expenses — Related party expenses primarily consist of the shared service cost, service fee, royalties and related party management fee which was replaced by the related party service fee in connection with the Business Combination.

Depreciation and amortization — Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets expenses consist of depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of client relationship asset.

Interest expense, net — Interest expense consists of interest related to pensions, debt, and finance leases.

Related party interest expense — Related party interest expense consists of interest incurred on amounts due to related parties.

Foreign exchange losses, net — Foreign exchange losses, net is comprised of losses and gains due to foreign currency remeasurement that are netted together for reporting purposes.

Changes in fair value of warrant liability – Changes in fair value of warrant liability represents the mark-to-market fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Warrants issued as part of the consummation of the Business Combination. The change in fair value of Private Warrants is primarily the result of the change in the underlying stock price of our stock used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The warrant liability is remeasured at the end of each subsequent reporting period.

Pension income, net — Pension income, net consists of expected return on employee benefit plan assets, amortization of prior service cost and amortization of net loss.

Income tax expense — Income taxes consist primarily of income taxes related to federal, and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company conducts its business. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets for its U.S. federal taxes and certain foreign and state taxes as the Company has concluded that it is not more likely than not that the deferred assets will be utilized.

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023 (US dollars in thousands)

For the purposes of trend analysis, constant currency refers to the prevailing rate of the US dollar against relevant currencies for the year ended December 31, 2023.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, our revenue on a consolidated basis decreased by $12.4 million, or 8.0%, to $142.8 million (including related party revenue of $0.4 million) from $155.2 million (including related party revenue of $0.2 million) for the year ended December 31, 2023. On a constant currency basis, revenue declined by $13.5 million, or 8.7%, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for $1.1 million or 0.7%.

Bills & Payments and Technology segments constituted 71.3%, and 28.7%, respectively, of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 71.2%, and 28.8%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

Bills & Payments — Net revenue attributable to bills and payments segment was $101.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $110.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The revenue decline of $8.6 million, or 7.8%, is primarily attributable to completion of one time projects, lower volumes and client contract end, offset by the positive impact of newly won and revenue ramping contracts. On a constant currency basis, revenue declined by $9.3 million, or 8.4%, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for a $0.7 million or 0.6%.

Technology — For the year ended December 31, 2024, revenue attributable to the Technology segment decreased by $3.8 million, or 8.5%, to $40.9 million from $44.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The revenue decrease in the Technology segment was largely due to a lower volume of software licenses sold and partially offset by an increase in professional services and maintenance revenue. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $4.2 million, or 9.4%, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency accounted for $0.4 million or 0.9%.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the cost of revenue decreased by $10.8 million (including decrease in related party cost of $0.0 million), or 9.4%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. Total cost of revenue decreased by $11.6 million or 10.1% on a constant currency basis, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency of $0.9 million or 0.7%, when compared to the cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In the Bills & Payments segments, the decrease was primarily attributable to a decline in revenue, improved utilization of operations coupled with cost optimizations and more profitable contracts. The cost of revenue in the Bills & Payments segment decreased by $10.1 million, or 10.6%. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at Bills & Payments segment declined by $10.9 million, or 11.4%, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency of 0.8% or $0.8 million.

The cost of revenue in the Technology segment decreased by $0.7 million, or 3.4%, primarily due to the change in the revenue mix within the Technology segment. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at the Technology segment decreased by $0.7 million, or 3.7%, offset by the foreign currency impact accounting for $0.1 million or 0.3%.

Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 73.2% of revenue compared to 74.3% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, with the decrease primarily due to improved utilization of operations, cost optimizations and change in revenue mix.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A expenses”) decreased by $4.6 million, or 14.9%, to $26.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $31.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to cost optimization initiatives, coupled with higher one-time costs pertaining to professional fees and insurance in 2023. SG&A expenses decreased as a percentage of revenue to 18.6% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 20.1% for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Related party expense was $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was mainly due to the growth in the COE (Center of Excellence), partially offset by the cost optimizations taken during the year.

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $3.2 million and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in total depreciation and amortization expense by $0.3 million was primarily due to an increase in amortization expense related to outsource contract costs during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Interest expense was $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, largely due to an increase in borrowing costs as a result of higher borrowings under the 2024 Credit Facilities during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

Related party interest expense, net was $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to related party interest expense, net of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in the related party interest expense, net was due to an elimination of a related party interest receivable as required by the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement during the prior year.

Foreign exchange losses were $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to foreign exchange losses of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to higher unrealized foreign exchange losses, partially offset by lower realized foreign exchange losses for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

The change in fair value of warrant liability during the year ended December 31, 2024 was a gain of $43 thousand. The change in fair value of warrant liability resulted from the remeasurement of the Private Warrant liability between December 31, 2023 and the end of the reporting period, December 31, 2024.

Pension income, net was $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to pension income, net of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in income was primarily due to higher expected return on plan assets recorded in the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company had an income tax expense of $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an income tax expense of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in the income tax expenses for the current period is higher than the same period last year due to a remeasurement of existing uncertain tax positions in Germany.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023 cash and cash equivalents totaled $12.1 million and $6.5 million, respectively.

The Company currently expects to spend approximately $1.5 to $2.5 million on total capital expenditures over the next twelve months. The Company will continue to evaluate additional capital expenditure needs that may arise.

As of December 31, 2024, and in comparison to December 31, 2023, total debt increased by $12.3 million primarily due to borrowings under the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities, partially offset by repayments of Revolving Credit Facilities and 2022 Committed Facility Agreement (See “Indebtedness” below).

The Company has utilized COVID-19 relief measures in various European jurisdictions, including permitted deferrals of certain payroll, social security and value added taxes. At the end of the fourth quarter 2024, the Company paid a significant portion of these deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes. The remaining balance of deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes will be paid by the April 2027, or later, as per deferment timeline as established by local laws and regulations.

The Company believes the current cash, cash equivalents and cash flows from financing activities, including the reduction in cash used in principal repayment on borrowings under factoring arrangement, are sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months. To the extent existing cash, cash from operations, and amounts available for borrowing are insufficient to fund future activities, the Company may need to raise additional capital. The Company may require funding for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, cost overruns for reasons outside of its control and it may experience slower sales than anticipated. If the Company’s current cash on hand is not sufficient to meet its financing requirements for the next twelve months, it may have to raise funds to allow it to continue to operate its business and execute on its business plan. The Company cannot be certain that funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all particularly given the amount of Company securities being offered, the terms of such securities and the potential duration of any offering. To the extent that the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may impact the Company’s ability to conduct business or return capital to investors. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly scale back, delay or discontinue certain businesses, restrict its operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms.

Our consolidated statements of cash flows include cash flows related to the disposable group. Significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations related to our disposable group are presented separately in Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report.

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Operating Activities — Net cash used in operating activities was $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase of $3.7 million in cash used in operating activities was largely due to a higher net loss and higher outflows from related party payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Investing Activities — Net cash used in investing activities was $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease of $1.0 million in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to reduction in additions of property, plant and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Financing Activities — Net cash provided by financing activities was $12.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase of $12.8 million in cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to borrowings under the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities, partially offset by repayments of Revolving Credit Facilities and 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, and reduction in net borrowing under the securitization facility due to the entry into the Amended Factoring Agreement on September 15, 2023, which resulted in an off-balance sheet treatment of the Secured Borrowing Facility.

On August 25, 2020, certain entities entered into an agreement wherein amounts due from clients were pledged to a third party, in exchange for a borrowing facility in amounts up to a total of €31.0 million (the “Secured Borrowing Facility”). The proceeds from the Secured Borrowing Facility were determined by the amounts invoiced to our clients. The amounts due from clients were recorded in accounts receivable and the amount due to the third party as a liability, presented under “Current portion of long-term debt” on the consolidated balance sheets. The cost of the Secured Borrowing Facility was 0.10% of newly assigned receivables with minimum of €0.1 million in annual fees and the Secured Borrowing Facility bore interest at Euribor rate plus 0.70% on the unpaid principal amount. The Company incurred interest expense of $0 and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Secured Borrowing Facility. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balances payable under the Secured Borrowing Facility were $0 and $0.1 million, respectively.

On September 15, 2023, the relevant entities entered into an amendment to the Secured Borrowing Facility (the “Amended Factoring Agreement”) to convert the existing arrangement into a non-recourse factoring program wherein an unrelated third party (the “Factor”) shall provide financing to certain subsidiaries of the Company by purchase of certain approved and partially approved accounts receivables (as defined in the Amended Factoring Agreement) up to a maximum amount of €15.0 million while assuming the risk of non-payment on the purchased accounts receivables up to the level of approval. The relevant entities shall have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable shall no longer be available to satisfy creditors of the relevant entities.

The Company accounted for the transactions under the Amended Factoring Agreement as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and treats it as an off-balance sheet arrangement. Net funds received from the transfers reflect the face value of the account less a fee, which is recorded as an increase to cash and a reduction to accounts receivable outstanding in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company reports the cash flows attributable to the sale of account receivables to the Factor and the cash receipts from collections made on behalf of and paid to the Factor under the Amended Factoring Agreement, on a net basis as trade accounts receivables in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s outstanding factored accounts receivable amounted to $16.6 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.8 million and $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively, which is presented in interest expense,net on the consolidated statements of operations.

In October 2019, a wholly-owned UK subsidiary of XBP Europe (the “UK Subsidiary”) entered into a secured credit agreement (the “2019 Credit Agreement”) with HSBC UK Bank plc (“HSBC”) for a £9.0 million Secured Credit Facility (the “Secured Credit Facility”) consisting of (i) a secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan B Facility”), and (iii) a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £5.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). On December 21, 2022, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to affirm to extend the maturity of Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. On February 9, 2023, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. The maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility has since been extended on various dates. On May 10, 2024, the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has repaid outstanding amount of $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $6.4 million under the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility, respectively and accordingly wrote off the unamortized balance of less than $0.1 million of debt issuance cost related to the 2019 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had fully repaid the outstanding balance under the 2019 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $6.4 million, respectively.

The 2019 Credit Agreement contained financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Cashflow Coverage Ratio, which measured the ratio of (i) Combined Cashflow and (ii) Debt Service defined as finance charges in addition to mandatory repayments in respect to the 2019 Credit Agreement, (b) Combined Interest Coverage Ratio, which measured the ratio of (i) Combined EBITDA to (ii) Combined Finance Charges, (c) a Combined Total Net Leverage Ratio, which measured the ratio of (i) Combined Net Indebtedness in respect to the last day of the most recent period to (ii) EBITDA, (d) Guaranteed Intragroup Balances, (e) the Loan to Market Value defined as the Facility A Loan outstanding to the market value of the property in each case, as defined in the 2019 Credit Agreement. The term “Combined” refers to the UK Subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

The 2019 Credit Agreement and indenture governing the Secured Credit Facility contained limitations on the ability of the UK subsidiary to effect mergers and change of control events as well as certain other limitations, including limitations on: (i) the declaration and payment of dividends or other restricted payments (ii) substantial changes of the general nature of the business, (iii) acquisition of a company, (iv) enter a joint venture, (v) or effect a dormant subsidiary to commence trading or cease to satisfy the criteria of a dormant subsidiary.

The UK Subsidiary’s obligations under the 2019 Credit Agreement were jointly and severally guaranteed by certain of its existing and future direct and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries. The 2019 Credit Agreement and the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement (defined below) contained cross default provisions which related to the UK Subsidiary and its subsidiaries, but not any other entities within the consolidated group.

At inception, borrowings under the Secured Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 2%, 2.5%, and 3% per annum for the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility respectively. Effective October 29, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3%. Effective December 31, 2021, borrowings under the Term Loan A Facility and the Term Loan B Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 2% and 2.5%, respectively.

In June 2020, the UK Subsidiary entered into an amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement, to provide an additional aggregate principal amount of £4.0 million under a credit agreement (the “Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility” or “2020 Credit Agreement”) together with Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facilities”). At the inception of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility, the borrowing bore an interest rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 3.5% per annum. Effective December 31, 2022, borrowings under the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3.5%.

The maturity of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility has since been extended on various dates subject to compliance with financial covenants. On May 10, 2024 the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repaid outstanding amounts of $5.1 million under the 2020 Credit Agreement and accordingly wrote off the unamortized balance of less than $0.1 million of debt issuance cost related to the 2020 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had fully repaid the outstanding balance under the 2020 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding principal balance of $5.1 million.

As of December 31, 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement, including any financial covenants, pertaining to its financing arrangements.

In May 2022, the UK Subsidiary entered into a committed facility agreement (the “2022 Committed Facility Agreement”) with HSBC, which includes a term loan for £1.4 million to be used in refinancing a property owned by XBP Europe in Dublin, Ireland (the “Property”). At inception of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, the borrowing bore an interest rate equal to 3.5% per annum in addition to the Bank of England Base Rate. The maturity of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement is May 2027. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has repaid outstanding amount of $1.5 million under the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had fully repaid the outstanding balance under the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement had an outstanding balance of $1.5 million.

The 2022 Committed Facility Agreement contained financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Debt Service Coverage Ratio, which measured the cashflow less dividends, net capital expenditure, and taxation relative to the debt service for that relevant period, (b) interest cover, which measured EBITDA relative to the aggregate of (i) interest charges and (ii) interest element of finance leases in any relevant period, (c) Total Net Debt to EBITDA, which measured the total net debt relative to EBITDA for any relevant period, and (d) loan to market value, which measured the loan as a percentage of the aggregate market value of The Property. The term “Combined” refers to the UK subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, including any financial covenants pertaining to its financing arrangements.

In June 2024, XBP Europe, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, together with certain other subsidiaries (the “XBP Group”), entered into a Facilities Agreement (the “2024 Facilities Agreement”) with HSBC for a £15.0 million and €10.5 million Secured Credit Facility consisting of (i) a single draw, secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £3.0 million (the “2024 Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a single draw, secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of €10.5 million (the “2024 Term Loan B Facility”, collectively with the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the “2024 Term Loan Facilities”) and (iii) a multi-draw, multi-currency secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £12.0 million (the “2024 Revolving Credit Facility”), and, together with the 2024 Term Loan Facilities, (the “2024 Senior Credit Facilities”). The 2024 Term Loan Facilities mature on June 26, 2028 and the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility matures on June 26, 2027, with certain extension rights at the discretion of HSBC. An additional £14.0 million of credit under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility may be made available at HSBC’s discretion for specific purposes as per the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

The Company used the 2024 Term Loan Facilities to repay in full all outstanding indebtedness under the 2019 Credit Agreement, 2020 Credit Agreement and 2022 Committed Facility Agreement. The Company incurred $1.5 million in debt issuance costs related to the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

The 2024 Facilities Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to, (i) requiring the maintenance of a consolidated total leverage ratio of not greater than 2.50 to 1.00 (with step-downs to (a) 2.25 to 1.00 starting January 1, 2025 and (b) 2.00 to 1.00 starting January 1, 2026); (ii) a cash flow coverage ratio of at least 1.10:1.00; and (iii) a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 4.00 to 1.00.

The 2024 Facilities Agreement and indenture governing the 2024 Secured Credit Facilities contains certain affirmative and negative covenants limiting on the ability of the XBP Group to effect mergers and change of control events as well as certain other limitations, including limitations on (i) incurrence of additional indebtedness or liens, (ii) dispositions of assets, (iii) substantial changes of the general nature of the business, (iv) entering into restrictive agreements, (v) making certain investments, loans, advances, guarantees and acquisitions, (vi) prepaying certain indebtedness, (vii) the declaration and payment of dividends or other restricted payments, (viii) engaging in transactions with affiliates, or (ix) amending certain material documents.

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, all obligations under the 2024 Facilities Agreement are jointly and severally unconditionally guaranteed by each member of the XBP Group.

Borrowings under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the 2024 Term Loan B Facility and 2024 Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3.25%, Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) plus the applicable margin of 3.25% and Reference Rate plus the applicable margin of 3.25%, respectively. “Reference Rate” for any period means (i) Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) for funds extended in U.S. Dollars; (ii) the EURIBOR, for funds extended in Euros; (iii) the SONIA, for funds extended in Pounds Sterling; and the Stockholm Interbank Offered Rate (“STIBOR”) for funds extended in Swedish Krona.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has drawn $3.9 million under 2024 Term Loan A Facility and $11.4 million under 2024 Term Loan B Facility, and repaid $8.7 million outstanding indebtedness under the 2019 Credit Agreement, $5.1 million outstanding indebtedness under the 2020 Credit Agreement and $1.5 million outstanding indebtedness under the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement. Accordingly, the Company wrote off the unamortized balance of less than $0.1 million of debt issuance costs related to the 2019 Credit Agreement and 2020 Credit Agreement.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repaid $0.4 million and $1.1 million of outstanding principal amount under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility and 2024 Term Loan B Facility, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the 2024 Term Loan A Facility and the 2024 Term Loan B Facility was $3.4 million and $9.8 million, respectively. The principal amount drawn under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility shall be repaid in fifteen (15) equal quarterly installments of £150 thousands with the remaining outstanding principal amount of £750 thousands payable at maturity along with accrued and unpaid interest. The principal amount drawn under the 2024 Term Loan B Facility shall be repaid in fifteen (15) equal quarterly installments of €525 thousands with the remaining outstanding principal amount of €2.625 million payable at maturity along with accrued and unpaid interest.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has drawn £12.0 million under 2024 Revolving Credit Facility in Euros currency. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility was $14.7 million.

The Company may, at any time, prepay the principal of the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities. Each prepayment shall be accompanied by the payment of accrued interest, without any premium or penalty. However, the Company is limited to a maximum of four voluntary prepayments of the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility within any consecutive twelve-month period.

As of December 31, 2024, the XBP Group was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2024 Facilities Agreement, including any financial covenants, pertaining to its financing arrangements.

The Company is not aware of any changes in the required covenant ratio under the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities at future compliance dates. The Company continually monitors its compliance with the covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next 12 months based on the expected future performance; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future. The Company believes there are multiple mechanisms available to the Company in case of non-compliance with the provisions of any of its debt covenants, which would ensure ongoing sufficient liquidity for the Company, including but not limited to, entering into bona fide negotiations with its lenders to amend the existing facilities as appropriate, refinancing existing credit facilities with alternative providers of capital or curing any potential breaches.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions. Costs and liabilities associated with management-approved restructuring activities are recognized when they are incurred. One-time employee termination costs are recognized at the time of communication to employees, unless future service is required, in which case the costs are recognized ratably over the future service period. Ongoing employee termination benefits are recognized as a liability when it is probable that a liability exists and the amount is reasonably estimable. Restructuring charges are recognized as an operating expense within the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and related liabilities are recorded within accrued compensation and benefits on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023. The Company periodically evaluates and, if necessary, adjusts its estimates based on currently available information.

We may, from time to time, explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions, which may include joint ventures, as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds will likely be required. Subject to applicable contractual restrictions, to obtain such financing, we may seek to use cash on hand, or we may seek to raise additional debt or equity financing through private placements or through underwritten offerings. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement that we entered into in connection with the Closing, certain of our stockholders have the right to demand underwritten offerings of our Common Stock. We may from time to time in the future explore, with certain of those stockholders the possibility of an underwritten public offering of our Common Stock held by those stockholders. There can be no assurance as to whether or when an offering may be commenced or completed, or as to the actual size or terms of the offering.

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates. The critical accounting policies are described below to provide a better understanding of how the Company develops its assumptions and judgments about future events and related estimations and how they can impact the Company’s financial statements. A critical accounting estimate is one that requires subjective or complex estimates and assessments and is fundamental to the Company’s results of operations. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company believes the current assumptions, judgments and estimates used to determine amounts reflected in the combined financial statements are appropriate; however, actual results may differ under different conditions. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Goodwill and other intangible assets: Goodwill and other intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair values. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill and other intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized either on a straight-line basis over the asset’s estimated useful life or on a basis that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are realized.

Benefit Plan Accruals: The Company has defined benefit plans in the UK, Germany, Norway and France under which participants earn a retirement benefit based upon a formula set forth in the respective plans. The Company records annual amounts relating to its pension plans based on calculations that incorporate various actuarial and other assumptions, including discount rates, mortality, assumed rates of return, and compensation increases. The Company reviews its assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is appropriate to do so.

Impairment of goodwill, long-lived and other intangible assets: Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of their carrying amount to the estimated undiscounted cash flows to be generated by those assets. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the Company records impairment losses for the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value. Fair value is determined, in part, by the estimated cash flows to be generated by those assets. The Company’s cash flow estimates are based upon, among other things, historical results adjusted to reflect the Company’s best estimate of future market rates, and operating performance. Development of future cash flows also requires us to make assumptions and to apply judgment, including timing of future expected cash flows, using the appropriate discount rates, and determining salvage values. The estimate of fair value represents the Company’s best estimates of these factors, and is subject to variability. Assets are generally grouped at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows, which is the reporting unit level for us. Changes to the key assumptions related to future performance and other economic factors could adversely affect the impairment valuation.

The Company conducts its annual goodwill impairment tests on October 1 of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. When performing the annual impairment test, the Company has the option of performing a qualitative or quantitative assessment to determine if an impairment has occurred. If a qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company would be required to perform a quantitative impairment test for goodwill. A quantitative test requires comparison of fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The Company uses a combination of the Guideline Public Company Method of the Market Approach and the Discounted Cash Flow Method of the Income Approach to determine the reporting unit fair value. For the Guideline Public Company Method, the Company’s annual impairment test utilizes valuation multiples of publicly traded peer companies. For the Discounted Cash Flow Method, the annual impairment test utilizes discounted cash flow projections using market participant weighted average cost of capital calculation. If the fair value of goodwill at the reporting unit level is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. We conducted our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2024 and 2023, and concluded that there was no impairment in our goodwill and other intangible assets during the years.

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, allocation of assets and liabilities to reporting units, and determination of fair value. The determination of reporting unit fair value is sensitive to the amount of Revenue and EBITDA generated by us, as well as the Revenue and EBITDA market multiples used in the calculation. Additionally, the fair value is sensitive to changes in the valuation assumptions such as expected income tax rate, risk-free rate, asset beta, and various risk premiums. Unanticipated changes, including immaterial revisions, to these assumptions could result in a provision for impairment in a future period. Given the nature of these evaluations and their application to specific assets and time frames, it is not possible to reasonably quantify the impact of changes in these assumptions.

Warrants: The Company accounts for the warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to Company’s own shares of common stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding. For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.

We determined upon further review of the warrant agreements, that while Public Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, they meet the equity scope exception in ASC 815 to be classified in stockholders’ deficit and are not subject to remeasurement provided that the warrants continue to meet the criteria for equity classification.

Similarly, Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, however they don’t meet the equity scope exception in ASC 815 and are subject to remeasurement. Private Warrant liability shall be measured at fair value on transaction closing date, with changes in fair value each period recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue: The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the client, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with clients, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services within each of the segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment for invoices issued is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided. Refer to Note 4 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 contained elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

Income Taxes: We account for income taxes by using the asset and liability method. We account for income taxes regarding uncertain tax positions and recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax benefit/(expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

We engage in transactions (such as acquisitions) in which the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty and examination by the varying taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required by us in assessing and estimating the tax consequences of these transactions. While our tax returns are prepared and based on our interpretation of tax laws and regulations, in the normal course of business the tax returns are subject to examination by the various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future assessments of additional tax, interest and penalties. For purposes of our income tax provision, a tax benefit is not recognized if the tax position is not more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits. Considerable judgment is involved in determining which tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained.

The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable.

The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards, although it may decide to early adopt such new or revised accounting standards to the extent permitted by such standards. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company’s financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

See Note 4—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes, (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “XBP Europe”) is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of its clients. The Company’s name — “XBP” — stands for “exchange for bills and payments” and reflects the Company’s strategy to facilitate connections between buyers and suppliers to optimize clients’ bills and payments and related digitization processes. XBP believes its business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

The Company provides business process management solutions with proprietary software suites and deep domain expertise, serving as a technology and operations partner for its clients’ strategic journeys and streamlining their complex, disconnected payment processes. The Company serves over 2,000 clients across Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). The Company’s client relationships span multiple industries, including banking, healthcare, insurance, and the public sector. The Company is able to deploy its solutions to clients in any EMEA market due to its cloud-based structure. Its physical footprint spans 15 countries with 32 locations.

In preparing the condensed combined and consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended July 30, 2023, the Company determined that net parent investment should be reduced by $18.9 million with an offsetting increase to foreign currency translation adjustment in the same amount, in order to conform carve-out financial statements of XBP Europe, Inc. to the transaction parameters of the Merger Agreement. Accordingly, the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and statement of stockholders’ deficit for the year ended December 31, 2023 were adjusted for this reclass.

The Company was a special purpose acquisition company called CF Acquisition Corp. VIII (“CF VIII”) prior to the closing of a business combination (the “Business Combination”) on November 29, 2023. Pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 9, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”) whereby XBP Europe, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and an indirect subsidiary of Exela Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ETI”), became a wholly owned subsidiary of CFV III. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from CF VIII to “XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.” The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse capitalization in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Under this method of accounting, CF VIII was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes with XBP Europe surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of CF VIII.

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company determined that its certain on-demand printing operations met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation, and, as a result, disposable group’s historical financial results are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations, and assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

As discussed in Note 1, on November 29, 2023, the Company consummated a business combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The Business Combination was accounted for as a Reverse Recapitalization, rather than a business combination, for financial accounting and reporting purposes. Accordingly, XBP Europe was deemed the accounting acquirer (and legal acquiree) and CF VIII was treated as the accounting acquiree (and legal acquirer). Under this method of accounting, the reverse recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of XBP Europe issuing stock for the net assets of CF VIII, accompanied by a recapitalization. XBP Europe has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

The net assets of CF VIII are stated at historical cost, with no incremental goodwill or other intangible assets recorded for the effects of the Business Combination. The consolidated assets, liabilities, and results of operations prior to the Business Combination are those of XBP Europe. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated.

At Closing, the Company received net proceeds of $5.2 million from the Business Combination.

Transaction costs consist of directors and officers liability insurance cost, legal and professional fees, and other fees relating to the consummation of the Business Combination. The Company incurred $3.3 million in transaction costs relating to the Merger for the year ended December 31, 2023, $0.3 million of which was recorded to additional paid-in capital and the remaining $3.0 million was expensed.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 30,166,102 shares of Common Stock outstanding, 6,249,980 Public Warrants outstanding and 385,000 Private Warrants outstanding. See Note 18 – Warrants and Note 19 – Stockholders’ Deficit for more details.

During the third quarter of 2024, certain on-demand printing operations of the Company met the criteria for classification as held for sale and accordingly, was measured at the lower of their carrying value or its fair value less costs to sell. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.1 million relating to the disposal group (as defined in Note 4 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) in impairment of goodwill in the consolidated statement of operations of the disposal group for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company determined that the held for sale disposal group has met the criteria to be disclosed as discontinued operations as it represents a significant strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

The results of the disposal group are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. Impairment loss was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024, in impairment of goodwill in the consolidated statements of operations of the disposal group. Further, the Company has reclassified the assets and liabilities of the disposal group as assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of balance sheets for all periods presented. The consolidated statements of cash flows are presented on a consolidated basis for both continuing operations and discontinued operations. Unless otherwise noted, reference within the notes to consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations.

The financial results of the disposal group are presented as loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents the major components of financial results of the Company’s disposable group for the periods presented:

(1) During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $0.1million impairment in goodwill, due to held for sale classification as discussed above.

As of December 31, 2024, the assets and liabilities of the disposal group are classified as current in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, as it is probable that the sale will occur within one year. The following table represents the aggregated carrying amounts of classes of assets and liabilities that are classified as discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented:

The following table presents significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations for the periods presented:

Throughout the period prior to the Closing, the Company operated as part of ETI. Consequently, stand-alone financial statements have not historically been prepared for the Company. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared from ETI’s historical accounting records and are presented on a stand-alone basis as if the Company’s operations had been conducted independently from ETI. The consolidated financial statements and related notes to the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The consolidated statements of operations include all revenues and costs directly attributable to XBP Europe, including costs for facilities, functions and services used by XBP Europe. Costs for certain functions and services such as accounting, finance and IT delivered by subsidiaries of ETI are directly charged to XBP Europe based on specific identification when possible or based on the actual specific people and related cost. Current and deferred income taxes have been determined based on the stand-alone results of XBP Europe. However, because the Company filed as part of ETI’s tax group in certain jurisdictions, the Company’s actual tax balances may differ from those reported. The Company’s portion of its domestic and certain income taxes for jurisdictions outside the United States are deemed to have been settled in the period the related tax expense was recorded.

All intercompany transactions and balances within the Company have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements of the Company include assets and liabilities that have been determined to be specifically identifiable or otherwise attributable to the Company. Transactions with affiliated companies owned by ETI or its subsidiaries which are not a part of the Company are reflected as related party transactions.

All of the allocations and estimates in the consolidated financial statements are based on assumptions that management of ETI believes are reasonable. However, the consolidated financial statements included herein may not be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company in the future or if the Company had been a separate, stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

Actual costs that would have been incurred if XBP Europe had been a stand-alone Company would depend on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic decisions.

Certain comparative amounts for prior year have been reclassified to conform to the financial statement presentation as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Estimates and judgments relied upon in preparing these consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, allowance for credited losses, inventory obsolescence costs, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, employee benefits, contingencies, goodwill, intangible assets, right of use assets and obligation, pension obligations, pension assets, and asset and liability valuations. The Company regularly assesses these estimates and records changes in estimates in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash deposited with financial institutions and liquid investments with original maturity dates equal to or less than three months. All bank deposits and money market accounts are considered cash and cash equivalents.

Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoice amount less an estimate made for credit losses. Revenue that has been earned but remains unbilled at the end of the period is recorded as a component of accounts receivable, net. The Company specifically analyzes accounts receivable mainly based on customer type and related aging schedules, historical collection experience, current and future economic and market condition to estimate the probability of default in the future when evaluating the adequacy of its allowance for expected credit losses. The Company writes off accounts receivable balances against the allowance for expected credit losses, net of any amounts recorded in deferred revenue, when it becomes probable that the receivable will not be collected.

Inventories primarily include heavy-duty scanners and related parts, toner, paper stock, envelopes and postage supplies. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable values and include the cost of raw materials, labor, and purchased subassemblies. Cost is determined using the weighted average method.

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method (which approximates the use of the assets) over the estimated useful lives of the assets. When these assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related depreciation is relieved, and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations for the period of sale or disposal. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lease term or the useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Customer relationship intangible assets represent customer contracts and relationships obtained as part of acquired businesses. Customer relationship values are estimated by evaluating various factors including historical attrition rates, contractual provisions and customer growth rates, among others. The estimated average useful lives of customer relationships range from 4 to 16 years depending on facts and circumstances. These intangible assets are primarily amortized straight-line over the estimated useful life. The Company evaluates the remaining useful life of intangible assets on an annual basis to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining useful life.

The Company has acquired various developed technologies embedded in its technology platform. Developed technology is an integral asset to the Company in providing solutions to customers and is recorded as an intangible asset. The Company amortizes developed technology on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, which is typically 5 to 8.5 years.

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred to develop software products to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed after establishing technological feasibility in accordance with ASC section 985-20, Software — Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed, and the Company capitalizes costs to develop or purchase internal-use software in accordance with ASC section 350-40, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software. Significant estimates and assumptions include determining the appropriate period over which to amortize the capitalized costs based on estimated useful lives and estimating the marketability of the commercial software products and related future revenues. The Company amortizes capitalized software costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, which is typically 5 years.

Costs of outsourcing contracts, including costs incurred for bid and proposal activities, are generally expensed as incurred. However, certain costs incurred upon initiation of an outsourcing contract are deferred and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated contract term, which is typically 3 to 5 years. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment activities and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and set-up/fulfillment costs. Contract fulfillment costs are capitalized only if they are directly attributable to a specifically anticipated future contract; represent the enhancement of resources that will be used in satisfying a future performance obligation (the services under the anticipated contract); and are expected to be recovered.

The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets, including finite-lived trade names, trademarks, customer relationships, developed technology, capitalized software costs, outsourced contract costs, acquired software, workforce, and property, plant and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of such assets, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. The primary measure of fair value is based on discounted cash flows based in part on the financial results and the expectation of future performance.

The Company did not record any impairment related to its property, plant, and equipment, customer relationships, developed technology, capitalized software cost or outsourced contract costs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over tangible and intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed arising from business combinations. Goodwill is generally allocated to reporting units based upon relative fair value (taking into consideration other factors such as synergies) when an acquired business is integrated into multiple reporting units. The Company’ reporting units are at the operating segment level, for which discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by management. When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.

The Company conducts its annual goodwill impairment tests on October 1^st of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. When performing the annual impairment test, the Company has the option of performing a qualitative or quantitative assessment to determine if an impairment has occurred. If a qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company would be required to perform a quantitative impairment analysis for goodwill. The quantitative analysis requires a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company uses a combination of the Guideline Public Company Method of the Market Approach and the Discounted Cash Flow Method of the Income Approach to determine the reporting unit fair value. Refer to Note 10- Intangible Assets and Goodwill for additional discussion of goodwill. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $0.1 million impairment in goodwill in discontinued operation, due to held for sale classification.

The Company has defined benefit plans in the UK, Germany, Norway and France under which participants earn a retirement benefit based upon a formula set forth in the respective plans. The Company records annual amounts relating to its pension plans based on calculations that incorporate various actuarial and other assumptions, including discount rates, mortality, assumed rates of return, and compensation increases. The Company reviews its assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is appropriate to do so.

The Company determines if a contract is, or contains, a lease at contract inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion in the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, current portion of finance lease liabilities and finance lease liabilities, net of current portion in the consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In addition, ROU assets include initial direct costs incurred by the lessee as well as any lease payments made at or before the commencement date and exclude lease incentives. As most of the Company’ leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The implicit rate in the lease is used when readily determinable. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with a term of one year or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets.

Finance lease ROU assets are amortized over the lease term or the useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter. The amortization of finance lease ROU assets is recorded in depreciation expense in the consolidated statements of operations. For operating leases, expense is recognized for lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company accounts for all equity-classified awards under stock-based compensation plans at their “fair value.” This fair value is measured at the fair value of the awards at the grant date and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of the awards on the grant date is determined using the stock price on the respective grant date in the case of restricted stock units and using an option pricing model in the case of stock options. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The expense resulting from share-based payments is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company accounts for the warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to Company’s own shares of common stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding. For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.

The Company determined upon further review of the warrant agreements, that while Public Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, they meet the equity scope exception in ASC 815 to be classified in stockholders’ deficit and are not subject to remeasurement provided that the warrants continue to meet the criteria for equity classification.

The Company classifies assets as held-for-sale (“disposal group”) in the period when all of the relevant criteria to be classified as held for sale are met. These criteria include management’s commitment to sell the disposal group in its present condition and the sale being deemed probable of being completed within one year. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. The fair values of disposal groups are estimated using accepted valuation techniques, including indicative listing prices. The Company considers historical experience, guidance received from third parties, and all information available at the time the estimates are made to derive fair value. Any loss resulting from the measurement is recognized in the period when the held for sale criteria are met. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the initial carrying value of the disposal group. Assets held-for-sale are not amortized or depreciated.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration that is expected to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services and sales of recurring software licenses and professional services within each of the Company’s segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment for invoices issued is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

The primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. The Company’s promise to its customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. The variable fees are allocated to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which the Company performs the service.

Professional services revenue consists of implementation services for new customers, or implementations of new products for existing customers. Professional services are typically sold on a time-and-materials basis and recognized monthly based on actual hours incurred.

Revenue from the sale of hardware solutions is recognized on a point in time basis and related maintenance are recognized ratably over the contractual term.

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Accounts receivable, net includes $6.5 million and $10.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. Unbilled receivables are accrued and represent work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue of $5.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2023. The Company recognized revenue of $6.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 that had been deferred as of January 1, 2023.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts are recognized as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. These advanced postage deposits are used to cover the costs associated with postage, with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized as services are performed.

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the Company’s contracts and identifies each distinct performance obligation. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of the Company’s business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which the Company estimates the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. The adjusted market approach is also used whereby the Company estimates the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, the Company considers the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of the Company’s software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, the Company analyzes, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable considerations. The nature of the Company’s contracts gives rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. These amounts are estimated based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to the Company’s estimates of variable consideration.

Reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, are included in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, the Company did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where a fixed monthly fee is received in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2024 in each of the future periods below:

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Costs and liabilities associated with management-approved restructuring activities are recognized when they are incurred. One-time employee termination costs are recognized at the time of communication to employees, unless future service is required, in which case the costs are recognized ratably over the future service period. Ongoing employee termination benefits are recognized as a liability when it is probable that a liability exists and the amount is reasonably estimable. Restructuring charges are recognized as an operating expense within the consolidated statements of operations and related liabilities are recorded within accrued compensation and benefits on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company periodically evaluates and, if necessary, adjusts its estimates based on currently available information.

The liability for the restructuring charge associated with an exit or disposal activity is measured initially at its fair value. Restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $1.1 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

The Company accounts for income taxes by using the asset and liability method. The Company accounts for income taxes regarding uncertain tax positions and recognized interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred income taxes are recognized on the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable in future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities, as determined under tax laws and rates. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company did not consider future book income as a source of taxable income when assessing if a portion of the deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. However, scheduling the reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities indicated that a portion of the deferred tax assets are likely to be realized. Therefore, partial valuation allowances were established against a portion of the Company’ deferred tax assets. In the event the Company determines that it would be able to realize deferred tax assets that have valuation allowances established, an adjustment to the net deferred tax assets would be recognized as a component of income tax expense through continuing operations.

The Company engages in transactions (i.e. acquisitions) in which the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty and examination by the varying taxing authorities. Therefore, judgment is required by the Company in assessing and estimating the tax consequences of these transactions. While the Company’s tax returns are prepared and based on the Company’ interpretation of tax laws and regulations, in the normal course of business the tax returns are subject to examination by the various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future assessments of additional tax, interest and penalties. For purposes of the Company’s income tax provision, a tax benefit is not recognized if the tax position is not more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits. Considerable judgment is involved in determining which tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Refer to Note 13 — Income Taxes for further information.

The Company reviews the status of each significant matter, if any, and assesses its potential financial exposure considering all available information including, but not limited to, the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other updated information and events pertaining to a particular matter. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. Judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to loss contingencies, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to its pending claims and litigation and may revise its estimates. These revisions in the estimates of the potential liabilities could have a material impact on the results of operations and financial position of the Company. The Company’s liabilities exclude any estimates for legal costs not yet incurred associated with handling these matters.

The Company has determined all international subsidiaries’ functional currency is the local currency. These assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date while income and expense amounts are translated at average exchange rates during the period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are disclosed as a separate component of other comprehensive loss.

Included as foreign exchange losses, net in the consolidated statements of operations are net exchange losses of $2.5 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method and if-converted method in the period of earnings. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share (when there are earnings) for common stock and participating securities. The if-converted method assumes all convertible securities are converted into common stock. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the Company did not include the effect of 6,634,980 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of 6,634,980 warrants sold in the IPO and Private Placement and issued in connection with completion of the Business Combination, or the effect of the aggregate number of shares issuable pursuant to outstanding restricted stock units and options (3,420,329 as of December 31, 2024) in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, because their effects were anti-dilutive.

The Company records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value as the price received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, not on assumptions specific to the entity.

In addition to defining fair value, ASC 820 expands the disclosure requirements around fair value and establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels, which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 — unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability at fair value.

Refer to Note 14 — Employee Benefit Plans and Note 16 — Fair Value Measurement for further discussion.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents and certain other financial instruments with highly rated financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution. From time to time, the Company assesses the credit worthiness of its customers. Credit risk on trade receivables is minimized because of the large number of entities comprising the Company’s client base and their dispersion across many industries and geographic areas. The Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from any individual customer or groups of customers. The Company does not require collateral. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company’s accounts receivable, net. The Company does not have any significant customers that account for 10% or more of the total combined revenues.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. The FASB-issued guidance clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with common control leases by requiring that leasehold improvements associated with common control leases be amortized by the lessee over the useful life of the leasehold improvements to the common control group (regardless of the lease term), as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease. Additionally, leasehold improvements associated with common control leases should be accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity, if, and when, the lessee no longer controls the use of the underlying asset. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires retrospective disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. Additionally, it requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The Company has provided the required disclosure after adopting this standard. Refer to Note 22 — Segment Information for further discussion.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt-Debt with Conversions and Other Option (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which amends ASC 470-20 to clarify the requirements related to accounting for the settlement of a debt instrument as an induced conversion. This ASU is intended to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20 for (a) convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features and (b) debt instruments that are not currently convertible. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASC 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the consolidated statement of operations. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for periods after the effective date of this ASU or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires an annual tabular effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure including information for specified categories and jurisdiction levels, as well as, disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state/local, and significant foreign jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Finished goods inventory includes $1.8 million and $1.8 million of allowance for obsolescence as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s allowance for obsolescence is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment.

Unbilled receivables represent balances recognized as revenue that have not been billed to the customer. The Company allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment. Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may occur based on market conditions or specific client circumstances.

The following table describes the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (all related to accounts receivables):

The Company leases numerous facilities in Europe. The Company facilities house general offices, sales offices, service locations, and production facilities. Substantially all of the Company’s operations facilities are leased under long-term leases with varying expiration dates, except for the 2 owned locations. The Company regularly obtains various machinery, equipment, vehicles and furniture on leases. The machinery and equipment leases mainly include leasing of computers, servers, other IT equipment, mailing system, production equipment, generators, office equipment, printers, copiers and miscellaneous warehouse equipment.

The Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 recorded on the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

The interest on financing lease liabilities was less than $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amortization expense on finance lease ROU assets was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Maturities of finance and operating lease liabilities based on lease term for the next five years are as follows:

Total rental expense for all operating leases was $4.7 million and $5.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table summarizes the cash paid and related right-of-use operating finance or operating lease recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Property, plant, and equipment, which include assets recorded under finance leases, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and amortization, and consist of the following:

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $2.4 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:

Aggregate amortization expense related to intangibles was $0.8 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Estimated intangibles amortization expense for the three years consists of the following:

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approach the markets and interacts with customers. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology (See Note 22 – Segment Information).

The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level on October 1 of each year and between annual tests if a triggering event indicates the possibility of an impairment. The Company monitors changing business conditions as well as industry and economic factors, among others, for events which could trigger the need for an interim impairment analysis.

In connection with the completion of the annual impairment tests as of October 1, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded no impairment charge to goodwill.

On August 25, 2020, certain entities entered into an agreement wherein amounts due from clients were pledged to a third party, in exchange for a borrowing facility in amounts up to a total of €31.0 million (the “Secured Borrowing Facility”). The proceeds from the Secured Borrowing Facility were determined by the amounts invoiced to the Company’s clients. The amounts due from clients were recorded in accounts receivable and the amount due to the third party as a liability, presented under current portion of long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets. The cost of the Secured Borrowing Facility was 0.10% of newly assigned receivables with minimum of €0.1 million in annual fees and the Secured Borrowing Facility bore interest at Euribor rate plus 0.70% on the unpaid principal amount. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of $0 and $0.6 million, respectively, related to the Secured Borrowing Facility. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balances payable under the Secured Borrowing Facility were $0 and $0.1 million, respectively.

On September 15, 2023, the relevant entities entered into an amendment to the Secured Borrowing Facility (the “Amended Factoring Agreement”), as amended from time to time to convert the existing arrangement into a non-recourse factoring program wherein an unrelated third party (the “Factor”) shall provide financing to certain subsidiaries of the Company by purchase of certain approved and partially approved accounts receivables (as defined in the Amended Factoring Agreement) up to a maximum amount of €15.0 million while assuming the risk of non-payment on the purchased accounts receivables up to the level of approval. The relevant entities shall have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable shall no longer be available to satisfy creditors of the relevant entities.

In October 2019, a wholly-owned UK subsidiary of XBP Europe (the “UK Subsidiary”) entered into a secured credit agreement (the “2019 Credit Agreement”) with HSBC UK Bank plc (“HSBC”) for a £9.0 million Secured Credit Facility (the “Secured Credit Facility”) consisting of (i) a secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan B Facility”), and (iii) a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £5.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). On December 21, 2022, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to affirm to extend the maturity of Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. On February 9, 2023, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. The maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility has since been extended on various dates. On May 10, 2024, the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has repaid outstanding amount of $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $6.4 million under the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility, respectively and accordingly wrote off the unamortized balance of less than $0.1 million of debt issuance cost related to the 2019 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had fully repaid the outstanding balance under the 2019 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $6.4 million, respectively.

The UK Subsidiary’s obligations under the 2019 Credit Agreement were jointly and severally guaranteed by certain of its existing and future direct and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries. The 2019 Credit Agreement and the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement (defined below) contained cross default provisions which relate to the UK Subsidiary and its subsidiaries, but not any other entities within the consolidated group.

At inception, borrowings under the Secured Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 2%, 2.5%, and 3% per annum for the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility respectively. Effective October 29, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) plus the applicable margin of 3%. Effective December 31, 2021, borrowings under the Term Loan A Facility and the Term Loan B Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 2% and 2.5%, respectively.

In July 2020, the UK Subsidiary entered into an amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement, to provide an additional aggregate principal amount of £4.0 million under a credit agreement (the “Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility” or “2020 Credit Agreement”) together with Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facilities”). At the inception of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility, the borrowing bore an interest rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 3.5% per annum. Effective December 31, 2022, borrowings under the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3.5%.

The maturity of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility has since been extended on various dates subject to compliance with financial covenants. On May 10, 2024 the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has repaid outstanding amount of $5.1 million under the 2020 Credit Agreement and accordingly wrote off the unamortized balance of less than $0.1 million of debt issuance cost related to the 2020 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had fully repaid the outstanding balance under the 2020 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding principal balance of $5.1 million.

The 2022 Committed Facility Agreement contained financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Debt Service Coverage Ratio, which measured the cashflow less dividends, net capital expenditure, and taxation relative to the debt service for that relevant period, (b) interest cover, which measured EBITDA relative to the aggregate of (i) interest charges and (ii) interest element of finance leases in any relevant period, (c) Total Net Debt to EBITDA, which measured the total net debt relative to EBITDA for any relevant period, and (d) loan to market value, which measured the loan as a percentage of the aggregate market value of the Property. The term “Combined” refers to the UK subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

In July 2024, XBP Europe, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, together with certain other subsidiaries (the “XBP Group”), entered into a Facilities Agreement (the “2024 Facilities Agreement”) with HSBC for a £15.0 million and €10.5 million Secured Credit Facility consisting of (i) a single draw, secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £3.0 million (the “2024 Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a single draw, secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of €10.5 million (the “2024 Term Loan B Facility”, collectively with the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the “2024 Term Loan Facilities”) and (iii) a multi-draw, multi-currency secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £12.0 million (the “2024 Revolving Credit Facility”), and, together with the 2024 Term Loan Facilities, (the “2024 Senior Credit Facilities”). The 2024 Term Loan Facilities mature on July 26, 2028 and the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility matures on July 26, 2027, with certain extension rights at the discretion of HSBC. An additional £14.0 million of credit under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility may be made available at HSBC’s discretion for specific purposes as per the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, all obligations under the 2024 Facilities Agreement are jointly and severally unconditionally guaranteed by each member of the XBP Group.

As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the following debt instruments were outstanding:

The following represents the domestic and foreign components of loss before income tax provision:

At December 31, 2024, gross deferred tax assets totaled approximately $28.1 million while gross deferred tax liabilities totaled approximately $1.6 million. Deferred income taxes reflect the net of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes. The Company has gross US NOLs of $1.1 million and gross foreign NOLs of $80.8 million. Applying jurisdictional tax rates, the total tax-effected US and foreign NOLs are $0.2 million and $19.5 million, respectively. The US NOLs do not expire. The amount of foreign NOLs expiring beginning in 2025 is $1.0 million gross or $0.2 million tax-effected. The remaining foreign NOLs do not expire.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred taxes assets (liabilities) are as follows:

A reconciliation of the significant differences between the federal statutory income tax and the effective income tax on pretax loss is as follows:

The Company believes that based upon the range of data reviewed, no uncertain tax positions have been identified for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the IRA) was signed into law in the U.S. Among other changes, the IRA introduced a corporate minimum tax on certain corporations with average adjusted financial statement income over a three-tax year period in excess of $1.0 billion and an excise tax on certain stock repurchases by certain covered corporations for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022 and several tax incentives to promote clean energy. Based on the Company’s current analysis and pending future guidance to be issued by Treasury, the Company does not believe these provisions will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company adopted the provision of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes in the Topic of the ASC 740. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions in the Company's financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on tax returns. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, were $1.1 million and $0.7 million at December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. No interest and penalties have been recognized since the liability can be settled with net operating losses.

Total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, are as follows (in thousands):

Two of the Company’s subsidiaries in the United Kingdom provide pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid depending upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or December 31, 2015. The expected rate of return assumptions for plan assets relate solely to the UK plan and are based mainly on historical performance achieved over a long period of time (15 to 20 years) encompassing many business and economic cycles.

XBP Europe’s subsidiaries in Germany, Exela Technologies ECM Solutions GmbH, provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company or its predecessors prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets. No new employees are registered under this plan and the participants who are already eligible to receive benefits under this plan are no longer employees of the Company.

The Company’s subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 30, 2018.

In 2018, Exela Technologies Holding GmbH (through the Asterion Business Combination), acquired the obligation to provide pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid depending upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 10, 2018.

The change in benefit obligations, the change in the fair value of the plan assets and the funded status of the Company’s pension plans (except for the German pension plan which is unfunded) and the amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are as follows:

As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company had actuarial gain of $(0.2) million and $(0.2) million, respectively, which is net of a deferred tax benefit of $1.9 million and $1.3 million for December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The Company records pension interest cost within Interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within pension income, net. Service cost is recorded within cost of revenue.

The Company uses the corridor approach and projected unit credit method in the valuation of its defined benefit plans for the UK, Germany, and Norway respectively. The corridor approach defers all actuarial gains and losses resulting from variances between actual results and economic estimates or actuarial assumptions. For defined benefit pension plans, these unrecognized gains and losses are amortized when the net gains and losses exceed 10% of the greater of the market-related value of plan assets or the projected benefit obligation at the beginning of the year. The amount in excess of the corridor is amortized over 15 years. Similarly, the Company used the Projected Unit Credit Method for the German Plan, and evaluated the assumptions used to derive the related benefit obligations consisting primarily of financial and demographic assumptions including commencement of employment, biometric decrement tables, retirement age, staff turnover. The projected unit credit method determines the present value of the Company’s defined benefit obligations and related service costs by taking into account each period of service as giving rise to an additional unit of benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately in building up the final obligation. Benefit is attributed to periods of service using the plan’s benefit formula, unless an employee’s service in later years will lead to a materially higher of benefit than in earlier years, in which case a straight-line basis is used.

The following tables set forth the principal actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligation and net periodic benefit costs:

The Germany plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets. The expected rate of return assumptions for plan assets are based mainly on historical performance achieved over a long period of time (10 to 20 years) encompassing many business and economic cycles. Adjustments, upward and downward, may be made to those historical returns to reflect future capital market expectations; these expectations are typically derived from expert advice from the investment community and surveys of peer company assumptions.

The Company assumed a weighted average expected long-term rate of return on plan assets for the UK scheme of 5.68%. The Company long-term expected rate of return on cash is determined by reference to UK government 10 year bond yields at the balance sheet dates. The long-term expected return on bonds is determined by reference to corporate bond yields at the balance sheet dates. The long-term expected rate of return on equities and diversified growth funds is based on the rate of return on UK long dated government bonds with an allowance for out-performance. The long-term expected rate of return on the liability driven investments holdings is determined by reference to UK government 20 year bond yields at the balance sheet dates.

The discount rate assumption was developed considering the current yield on an investment grade non-gilt index with an adjustment to the yield to match the average duration of the index with the average duration of the plan’s liabilities. The index utilized reflected the market’s yield requirements for these types of investments.

The inflation rate assumption was developed considering the difference in yields between a long-term government stocks index and a long-term index-linked stocks index. This difference was modified to consider the depression of the yield on index-linked stocks due to the shortage of supply and high demand, the premium for inflation above the expectation built into the yield on fixed-interest stocks and the government’s target rate for inflation (CPI) at 2.5%. The assumptions used are the best estimates chosen from a range of possible actuarial assumptions which, due to the time scale covered, may not necessarily be borne out in practice.

The investment objective for the UK plan is to earn, over moving fifteen to twenty year periods, the long-term expected rate of return, net of investment fees and transaction costs, to satisfy the benefit obligations of the plan, while at the same time maintaining sufficient liquidity to pay benefit obligations and proper expenses, and meet any other cash needs, in the short-to medium-term.

The Company’s investment policy related to the UK defined benefit plan is to continue to maintain investments in government gilts and highly rated bonds as a means to reduce the overall risk of assets held in the fund. No specific targeted allocation percentages have been set by category, but are set at the direction and discretion of the plan trustees. The weighted average allocation of plan assets by asset category is as follows:

The following tables set forth, by category and within the fair value hierarchy, the fair value of the Company’s pension assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability at fair value.

XBP Europe’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $2.7 million and $3.0 million to its pension plans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company has fully funded the pension plans for 2024 based on current plan provisions. The Company expects to contribute $2.7 million to the pension plans during 2025, based on current plan provisions.

The estimated future pension benefit payments expected to be paid to plan participants are as follow:

The Company is, from time to time, involved in certain legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, management does not believe these actions will have a material, adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations or consolidated statements of cash flows.

A group of 71 former employees brought a claim against a subsidiary of the company related to their dismissal resulting from the closure of two production sites in France in 2020. The employees filed complaints with the Labor Court on July 9, 2022. Conciliation hearings at the Labor Court were held on September 27, 2022, December 13, 2022, March 7, 2023, September 5, 2023, November 14, 2023, December 5, 2023, and February 5, 2024.

In March 2023, 67 claimants (after the in principle settlement was agreed with the first 4 claimants) filed an application for summary proceedings in respect of part of the claim for a total claim of $1.1 million. The summary proceedings hearing was held on April 11, 2023 and the court issued its decision on May 9, 2023 upholding all of the plaintiffs’ claims for a total amount of $1.1 million. However, the court’s decision did not increase the Company’s anticipated exposure for the overall claim.

The Company has appealed against the decision (and paid the amount of $1.1 million to 66 of the 67 claimants, as settlement agreement in principle was subsequently reached with one further claimant on November 10, 2023 pending the appeal). Since the majority of the claimants concluded settlement agreements with the Company, the appeal proceedings pertain only to 15 remaining claimants who have not settled. The next hearing, pertaining only to the remaining claimants who have not concluded settlement agreements with the Company, is scheduled for July 2, 2025.

In addition to the above, the substantive hearing was held on February 16, 2024 and a decision was made on July 28, 2024. The Company has appealed the decision from that substantive hearing.

The Company reached a number of settlements with 56 claimants prior to the court’s July 2024 decision and approximately $1.8 million was paid to such claimants in addition to the amounts paid as part of the summary proceedings. The court awarded $1.2 million to the claimants who had not settled before the court’s decision and, after the deduction of the amounts already paid to such claimants, $1.0 million remain to be paid by the Company. The Company will also be responsible for up to three months’ unemployment allowance paid to these claimants by the unemployment fund, which is not expected to significantly increase the Company’s total costs. The Company has appealed the decision. The Company accrued $1.0 million and $2.2 million in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, based on the estimate of the range of possible losses.

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statement of comprehensive loss or consolidated statements of cash flows.

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current portion of long-term debt approximated their fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. The fair values of the Company’s loans and receivables under the factoring arrangement entered into by subsidiaries of the Company are equal to the carrying values. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company determined the fair value of Private Warrants’ liability as $7 thousand and less than $0.1 million, respectively, included in the other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets under Level 3 fair value measurement using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Private Warrants liability are assumptions related to the inputs of exercise price, fair value of the underlying common stock, risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected volatility, and expected dividend yield. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. For all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Level 3 liabilities, a change in one of the inputs would not necessarily result in a directionally similar change in the fair value.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:

On July 13, 2024, the stockholders of XBP Europe approved and adopted XBP Europe’s 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (the “XBP 2024 Equity Plan”) at XBP Europe’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, subject to adjustment for certain changes in capitalization or other corporate events, XBP Europe is authorized to issue up to 5,520,270 shares of common stock pursuant to equity-based awards, which may be granted to eligible participants in furtherance of XBP Europe’s broader compensation strategy and philosophy. Awards granted under the 2024 Equity Plan will be granted upon terms approved by XBP Europe’s Compensation Committee and set forth in an award agreement or other evidence of an award. As of December 31, 2024, there were no shares of XBP Europe’s common stock issued under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan. However, restricted stock unit and stock options were issued under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan.

Restricted stock unit awards generally vest ratably over a less than a year to three (3) year period. Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture if employment or service terminates prior to vesting and are expensed ratably over the vesting period.

A summary of restricted stock unit activities under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan for the year ended December 31, 2024 is summarized in the following table:

Under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The vesting period for each option award is established on the grant date, and the options generally expire ten (10) years from the grant date. Stock options granted under the 2024 Plan generally require no less than a four (4) year ratable vesting period. Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is summarized in the following table:

As of December 31, 2024, there was $2.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock unit awards and stock option awards under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company incurred total compensation expense of $1.6 million related to restricted stock unit awards and stock option awards under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan for the year ended December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had the following common stock warrants outstanding:

The Public Warrants qualify for the derivative scope exception under ASC 815 and are therefore classified as equity on the consolidated balance sheets. They may only be exercised for a whole number of shares at a price of $11.50. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants are currently exercisable and will expire five years from the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants if the price per share of common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 (except as described with respect to the Private Placement Warrants and Forward Purchase Warrants):

If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may not exercise its redemption right if the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or the Company is unable to effect such registration or qualification.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that so long as they are held by Cantor or any Permitted Transferees, as applicable, the Private Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold until thirty (30) days after the completion by the Company of an initial Business Combination, and (iii) shall not be redeemable by the Company,

Upon exercise of each of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants, the exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock.

Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of December 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of Common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each holder of Common Stock will be entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share of the Common Stock. The holders of shares of Common Stock will not have cumulative voting rights. As of December 31, 2024, there were 30,166,102 shares of Common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

The Company periodically takes actions to improve operating efficiencies, typically in connection with rationalizing the cost structure of the Company. The Company’s footprint and headcount reductions and organizational integration actions relate to discrete, unique restructuring events, primarily reflected in approved plans for reductions in force.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions.

The Company’s restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability is as follows:

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the current portion of the restructuring liability was $1.7 million and $5.3 million respectively, and was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the consolidated balance sheets.

The components of related party expense in the consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows:

Historically, the Company has been managed and operated in the ordinary course of business with other affiliates of ETI. Accordingly, certain shared costs have been allocated to the Company and reflected as expenses in the consolidated financial statements.

During the historical periods presented, the Company sold products and services to non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. Revenue, net in the consolidated statements of operations include sales to affiliates of ETI of $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

During the historical periods presented, the Company purchased high-speed scanners and related products from non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. These purchases totaled $0.1 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The historical costs and expenses reflected in the Company’s financial statements include costs for certain shared service functions historically provided by the non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, including, but not limited to accounting and finance, IT and business process operations. Where possible, these charges were allocated based on full-time equivalents (FTE’s), formal agreements between XBP Europe and subsidiaries of ETI, or other allocation methodologies that Management determined to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe and all costs of operating XBP Europe during the periods presented.

The allocated shared service expenses and general corporate expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $3.6 million and $3.5 million, respectively, and are included in the related party expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

In the opinion of management of ETI and the Company, the expense and cost allocations have been determined on a basis considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The amounts that would have been, or will be incurred, on a stand-alone basis could differ from the amounts allocated due to economies of scale, difference in management judgment, a requirement for more or fewer employees or other factors. Management does not believe, however, that it is practicable to estimate what these expenses would have been had the Company operated as an independent entity, including any expenses associated with obtaining any of these services from unaffiliated entities. In addition, the future results of operations, financial position and cash flows could differ materially from the historical results presented herein.

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, charged royalty fees for allowing the Company to use tradenames and trademarks owned by subsidiaries of ETI. The Company incurred royalty expense of $0 and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in related party expense within the consolidated statements of operations.

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of ETI provided management services to the Company in exchange for a management fee. These management services included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management fee was calculated based on a weighted average of total external revenue, headcount and total assets attributable to the Company. On October 9, 2022 the management fee was terminated when the Merger Agreement was entered into and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to the Services Agreement, which reduced the fee and modified the services provided. Services provided under Annex A of the Services Agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company incurred total fees of $1.5 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company entered into an Intercompany Loan Agreement with an affiliate of ETI on January 1, 2016, where the Company agreed to lend up to €20 million to the affiliate. The related party note receivable had a six year term with the option to extend for an additional one year term and bore annual interest of 9.5%, due at the end of the term. On January 1, 2023, the Company amended its Intercompany Loan Agreement, extending the maturity of the Intercompany Loan Agreement to December 31, 2023. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party note receivable was eliminated at Closing against related party payables with a residual amount recorded to additional paid-in capital. No related party note receivable was recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The consolidated statements of operations included $0 related party interest income for both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company entered into three Intercompany Loan Agreements with an affiliate of ETI, in September 2009 and May 2010, whereby the affiliate of ETI agreed to lend up to £9.3 million to the Company (“related party notes payable”). The related party notes payable which were denominated in Great British pounds accrued interest daily at the one-month LIBOR rate for United States dollar deposits in the London interbank market plus four percentage points. These notes had an original maturity date of one year (which was extended by the lender for one additional year on each anniversary of the notes) and were assigned by the lender to another affiliate of ETI and amended with an effective date of December 1, 2012. The amendment amended (a) the interest rate to a fixed rate of 4% plus LIBOR for the remainder of 2012, 12% for 2013 and 13.5% thereafter, (b) extended the term of the agreement to December 31, 2024, and (c) denominated the notes in United States dollars. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party notes payable were eliminated at closing with a corresponding impact to additional paid-in capital. As a result no related party notes payable was recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The consolidated statements of operations included related party interest expense of $0 and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in the related party interest expense, net.

Further, the Company entered into another four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes payable”) with affiliates of ETI, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes payable have a ten year term and bear annual interest of 6.0%, due at the end of the term. The consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million and $1.5 million new related party notes payable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The consolidated statements of operations included $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, of related party interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in the related party interest expense, net.

Related Party Payables and Related Party Notes Payables Balances with Affiliates

Related party payables and related party notes payables balances with affiliates as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approaches the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology.

The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. It offers automation of Accounts Payable (“AP”) and Accounts Receivables (“AR”) processes and through its platform, XBP, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes the Company’s digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the results of the disposable group are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

A reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes is presented below.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “XBP Europe”) is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of businesses. The Company’s name — “XBP” — stands for “exchange for bills and payments” and reflects the Company’s strategy to facilitate connections between buyers and suppliers to optimize clients’ bills and payments and related digitization processes. XBP believes its business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the below notes and the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the XBP Europe annual report on Form 10-K for such period (the “2024 Form 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 19, 2025 and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require the Company to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company determined that its certain on-demand printing operations met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation, and, as a result, disposable group’s historical financial results are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations, and assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

As discussed in Note 1, on November 29, 2023, the Company consummated a business combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The Business Combination was accounted for as a Reverse Recapitalization, rather than a business combination, for financial accounting and reporting purposes. Accordingly, XBP Europe was deemed the accounting acquirer (and legal acquiree) and CF VIII was treated as the accounting acquiree (and legal acquirer). Under this method of accounting, the reverse recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of XBP Europe issuing stock for the net assets of CF VIII, accompanied by a recapitalization. XBP Europe has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

Upon closing of the Business Combination, the Company received net proceeds of $5.2 million from the Business Combination.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 30,166,102 shares of common stock outstanding, 6,249,980 Public Warrants outstanding and 385,000 Private Warrants outstanding. See Note 16 – Warrants and Note 17 – Stockholders’ Deficit for more details.

During the third quarter of 2024, certain on-demand printing operations of the Company met the criteria for classification as held for sale and accordingly, was measured at the lower of their carrying value or its fair value less costs to sell. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.1 million relating to the disposal group in impairment of goodwill in the consolidated statement of operations of the disposal group for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company determined that the held for sale disposal group has met the criteria to be disclosed as discontinued operations as it represents a significant strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

The results of the disposable group are presented as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. Impairment loss was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024, in impairment of goodwill in the consolidated statements of operations of the disposal group. Further, the Company has reclassified the assets and liabilities of the disposable group as assets and liabilities held for sale in the condensed consolidated statements of balance sheets for all periods presented. The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are presented on a consolidated basis for both continuing operations and discontinued operations. Unless otherwise noted, reference within the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations.

The financial results of the disposable group are presented as loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents the major components of financial results of the Company’s disposable group for the periods presented:

As of March 31, 2025, the assets and liabilities of the disposable group are classified as current in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, as it is probable that the sale will occur within one year. The following table represents the aggregated carrying amounts of classes of assets and liabilities that are classified as discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented:

The following table presents significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations for the periods presented:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires an annual tabular effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure including information for specified categories and jurisdiction levels, as well as, disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state/local, and significant foreign jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt-Debt with Conversions and Other Option (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which amends ASC470-20 to clarify the requirements related to accounting for the settlement of a debt instrument as an induced conversion. This ASU is intended to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20 for (a ) convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features and (b) debt instruments that are not currently convertible. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASC 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory,employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the consolidated statement of operations. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for periods after the effective date of this ASU or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

5.             Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The information presented below supplements the “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” information presented in the 2024 Form 10-K.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration that is expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services and sales of recurring software licenses and professional services within each of the Company’s segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment for invoices issued is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Revenue from the sale of software licenses is recognized as a single performance obligation at the point in time that the software license is delivered to the customer. Perpetual licenses or noncancelable licenses are granted for a non-refundable fee, which are recognized at a point in time. No significant obligations or contingencies exist with regard to delivery, customer acceptance or rights of return at the time revenue is recognized. Professional services revenue consists of implementation services for new customers, or implementations of new products for existing customers. Professional services are typically sold on a time-and-materials basis and billed monthly based on actual hours incurred.

Revenue from the sale of hardware solutions is recognized on a point in time basis and related maintenance are recognized ratably over the contractual term.

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Accounts receivable, net includes $8.0 million and $6.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. Unbilled receivables are accrued and represent work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue $3.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, that had been deferred as of December 31, 2024. The Company recognized revenue of $1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that had been deferred as of December 31, 2023.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts are recognized as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the Company’s contracts and identifies each distinct performance obligation. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of the Company’s business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, are included in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, the Company did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where a fixed monthly fee is received in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2025 in each of the future periods below:

As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the Company did not include the effect of 6,634,980 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 6,634,980 warrants sold in the IPO and Private Placement and issued in connection with completion of the Business Combination, or the effect of the aggregate number of shares issuable pursuant to outstanding restricted stock units and options (1,256,436 as of March 31, 2025) in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, because their effects were anti-dilutive.

Finished goods inventory includes $1.7 million and $1.8 million of allowance for obsolescence as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company allowance for obsolescence is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment.

The following table describes the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (all related to accounts receivables):

Property, plant, and equipment, which include assets recorded under finance leases, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and amortization, and consist of the following:

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:

Aggregate amortization expense related to intangibles was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Estimated intangibles amortization expense for the next five years consists of the following:

On September 15, 2023, the relevant entities entered into an amendment to the Secured Borrowing Facility (the “Amended Factoring Agreement”) to convert the existing arrangement into a non-recourse factoring program wherein an unrelated third party (the “Factor”) shall provide financing to certain subsidiaries of the Company by purchase of certain approved and partially approved accounts receivables (as defined in the Amended Factoring Agreement) up to a maximum amount of €15.0 million while assuming the risk of non-payment on the purchased accounts receivables up to the level of approval. The relevant entities shall have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable shall no longer be available to satisfy creditors of the relevant entities.

The Company accounted for the transactions under the Amended Factoring Agreement as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and treats it as an off-balance sheet arrangement. Net funds received from the transfers reflect the face value of the account less a fee, which is recorded as an increase to cash and a reduction to accounts receivable outstanding in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company reports the cash flows attributable to the sale of account receivables to the Factor and the cash receipts from collections made on behalf of and paid to the Factor under the Amended Factoring Agreement, on a net basis as trade accounts receivables in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s outstanding factored accounts receivable totaled approximately $10.1 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is presented in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the condensed combined and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In July 2024, XBP Europe, Inc. a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, together with certain other subsidiaries (the “XBP Group”), entered into a Facilities Agreement (the “2024 Facilities Agreement”) with HSBC for a £15.0 million and €10.5 million Secured Credit Facility consisting of (i) a single draw, secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £3.0 million (the “2024 Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a single draw, secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of €10.5 million (the “2024 Term Loan B Facility”, collectively with the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the “2024 Term Loan Facilities”) and (iii) a multi-draw, multi-currency secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £12.0 million (the “2024 Revolving Credit Facility”), and, together with the 2024 Term Loan Facilities, (the “2024 Senior Credit Facilities”). The 2024 Term Loan Facilities mature on July 26, 2028 and the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility matures on July 26, 2027, with certain extension rights at the discretion of HSBC. An additional £14.0 million of credit under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility may be made available at HSBC’s discretion for specific purposes as per the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

The Company used the 2024 Term Loan Facilities to repay in full all outstanding indebtedness under the 2019 Credit Agreement, 2020 Credit Agreement and 2022 Committed Facility Agreement. The Company incurred $1.5 million in debt issuance costs related to the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, all obligations under the 2024 Facilities Agreement are jointly and severally unconditionally guaranteed by each member of the XBP Group.

As of March 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $3.3 million, $9.7 million, and $15.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $3.4 million, $9.8 million, and $14.7 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31 2024, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding balance of $2.6 million, and $2.2 million, respectively.

During the three month ended March 31, 2025, the Company repaid $0.2 million and $0.6 million of outstanding principal amount under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility and 2024 Term Loan B Facility, respectively.

The outstanding principal amount of the 2024 Term Loan A Facility shall be repaid in fifteen (15) equal quarterly installments of £150 thousands commencing Sept 30, 2024, with the remaining outstanding principal amount of £750k payable at maturity along with accrued and unpaid interest. The outstanding principal amount of the 2024 Term Loan B Facility shall be repaid in fifteen (15) equal quarterly installments of €525 thousands commencing Sept 30, 2024, with the remaining outstanding principal amount of €2.6 million payable at maturity along with accrued and unpaid interest.

As of March 31, 2025, the XBP Group was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2024 Facilities Agreement, including any financial covenants, pertaining to its financing arrangements. The Company continually monitors its compliance with such covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next twelve months; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future.

As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the following debt instruments were outstanding:

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, from continuing operations.

The Company’s ETR from continuing operations of (24.6%) for three ended March 31, 2025 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by uncertain tax benefits, permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized and remeasurement of existing uncertain tax positions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s ETR from continuing operations of (115.9)% differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0%, and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, and valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company's liability for unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties) increased by $54 thousand. This increase is primarily due to accrued interest during the year and foreign currency remeasurements.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development reached agreement on Pillar Two Model Rules (“Pillar Two”) to implement a minimum 15.0% tax rate on certain multinational companies. Participating countries are in various stages of proposing and enacting tax laws to implement the Pillar Two framework. We determined these rules did not have a material impact on our taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and will continue to evaluate the impact of these proposals and legislative changes as new guidance emerges.

As of March 31, 2025, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions previously determined for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Two of the Company’s subsidiaries in the United Kingdom provide pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or March 31, 2015. The expected rate of return assumptions for plan assets relate solely to the UK plan and are based mainly on historical performance achieved over a long period of time (15 to 20 years) encompassing many business and economic cycles.

XBP Europe’s subsidiaries in Germany, Exela Technologies ECM Solutions GmbH, provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company or its predecessors prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets. No new employees are registered under this plan and the participants who are already eligible to receive benefits under this plan are no longer employees of the Company.

The Company’s subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 30, 2018.

In 2018, Exela Technologies Holding GmbH (through the Asterion Business Combination), acquired the obligation to provide pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 10, 2018.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded actuarial gains of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which is net of a deferred tax benefit of $2.0 million for each period.

The Company records pension interest cost within interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within pension income, net. Service cost is recorded within cost of revenue.

XBP Europe’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $0.6 million and $0 million to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company is expecting to fund the pension plans with the required contributions for 2025 based on current plan provisions.

The Company is, from time to time, involved in certain legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, management does not believe these actions will have a material, adverse effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

A group of 71 former employees brought a claim against a subsidiary of the Company related to their dismissal resulting from the closure of two production sites in France in 2020. The employees filed complaints with the Labor Court on July 9, 2022. Conciliation hearings at the Labor Court were held on September 27, 2022, December 13, 2022, March 7, 2023, September 5, 2023, November 14, 2023, December 5, 2023,and February 5, 2024.

In addition to the above, the substantive hearing was held on February 16, 2024 and a decision was made on July 28, 2024. The Company has appealed the decision from that substantive hearing.

The Company reached a number of settlements with 56 claimants prior to the court’s July 2024 decision and approximately $1.8 million was paid to such claimants in addition to the amounts paid as part of the summary proceedings. The court awarded $1.2 million to the claimants who had not settled before the court’s decision and, after the deduction of the amounts already paid to such claimants, $1.0 million remains to be paid by the Company. The Company will also be responsible for up to three months’ unemployment allowance paid to these claimants by the unemployment fund, which is not expected to significantly increase the Company’s total costs. The Company has appealed the decision. The Company accrued $1.0 million and $1.0 million in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, based on the estimate of the range of possible losses.

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current portion of long-term debt approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. The fair values of the Company’s loans and receivables under the factoring arrangement entered into by subsidiaries of the Company are equal to the carrying values. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company determined the fair value of Private Warrants’ liability as $9 thousands and $7 thousands, respectively, included in the other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under Level 3 fair value measurement using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:

On July 13, 2024, the stockholders of XBP Europe approved and adopted XBP Europe’s 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (the “XBP 2024 Equity Plan”) at XBP Europe’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, subject to adjustment for certain changes in capitalization or other corporate events, XBP Europe is authorized to issue up to 5,520,270 shares of common stock pursuant to equity-based awards, which may be granted to eligible participants in furtherance of XBP Europe’s broader compensation strategy and philosophy. Awards granted under the 2024 Equity Plan will be granted upon terms approved by XBP Europe’s Compensation Committee and set forth in an award agreement or other evidence of an award.

Pursuant to XBP 2024 Equity Plan, on February 13, 2025, the Compensation Committee of the Company approved the grant of 1,967,449 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and 30,951 stock options to eligible employees and directors of the Company.

The Compensation Committee of the Company, using the discretionary clause to accelerate the vesting of awards, on March 20, 2025 and March 31, 2025 approved accelerated vesting of 3,669,133 RSUs and 103,951 stock options then outstanding under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, resulting in modification of the awards. These RSUs and stock options are a combination of previous as well as newly granted RSUs and stock options. The Company recognized the compensation cost of $3.8 million for this accelerated vesting of awards during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The Company withheld 170,946 shares with value equivalent to the employee’s minimum statutory obligation for applicable income and other employment taxes. The total shares withheld were based on the value of the RSUs on their vesting date as determined by the Company’s closing stock price.

Restricted stock unit awards generally vest ratably over a less than a year to three (3) year period. Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture if employment or service terminates prior to vesting and are expensed ratably over the vesting period.

A summary of restricted stock unit activities under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is summarized in the following table:

Under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The vesting period for each option award is established on the grant date, and the options generally expire ten (10) years from the grant date. Stock options granted under the 2024 Plan generally require no less than a four (4) year ratable vesting period. Stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is summarized in the following table:

As of March 31, 2025, there was $1.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock unit awards under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Compensation Committee approved the acceleration of vesting for outstanding RSUs under the 2024 XBP Europe Stock Incentive Plan for certain participants, the modification to accelerate vesting was recognized at the date of the modification. As a result, the incremental compensation expense of $3.8 million was recognized based on fair value of the awards. The Company incurred total compensation expense of $3.8 million and $0 million related to restricted stock unit awards and stock option awards under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had the following common stock warrants outstanding:

The Public Warrants qualify for the derivative scope exception under ASC 815 and are therefore classified as equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. They may only be exercised for a whole number of shares at a price of $11.50. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants are currently exercisable and will expire five years from the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification.

The Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, however they don’t meet the equity scope exception in ASC 815 and are therefore classified as a liability. The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that so long as they are held by Cantor or any Permitted Transferees, as applicable, the Private Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold until thirty (30) days after the completion by the Company of an initial Business Combination, and (iii) shall not be redeemable by the Company,

Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each holder of Common Stock will be entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share of the Common Stock. The holders of shares of Common Stock will not have cumulative voting rights. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 35,711,498 and 30,166,102 shares of Common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions.

The Company’s restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability is as follows:

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the current portion of the restructuring liability was $1.4 million and $1.7 million respectively, and was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The components of related party expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows:

During the historical periods presented, the Company sold products and services to non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. Revenue, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations include sales to affiliates of ETI of $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The historical costs and expenses reflected in our financial statements include costs for certain shared service functions historically provided by the non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, including, but not limited to accounting and finance, IT and business process operations. Where possible, these charges were allocated based on full-time equivalents (FTE’s), formal agreements between XBP Europe and subsidiaries of ETI, or other allocation methodologies that Management determined to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe and all costs of operating XBP Europe during the periods presented.

The allocated shared service expenses and general corporate expenses incurred pursuant to the Services Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $0.8 million and $0.7 million, and are included in the related party expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In the opinion of management of ETI and the Company, the expense and cost allocations have been determined on a basis considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by the Company during 2025 and 2024. The amounts that would have been, or will be incurred, on a stand-alone basis could differ from the amounts allocated due to economies of scale, difference in management judgment, a requirement for more or fewer employees or other factors. Management does not believe, however, that it is practicable to estimate what these expenses would have been had the Company operated as an independent entity, including any expenses associated with obtaining any of these services from unaffiliated entities. In addition, the future results of operations, financial position and cash flows could differ materially from the historical results presented herein.

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of ETI provided management services to the Company in exchange for a management fee. These management services included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management fee was calculated based on a weighted average of total external revenue, headcount and total assets attributable to the Company. On October 9, 2022 the management fee was terminated when the Merger Agreement was entered into and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to the Services Agreement, which reduced the fee and modified the services provided. Services provided under Annex A of the Services Agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company incurred total fees of $0.7 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, which include services incurred under newly entered service agreements with Nventr, LLC and HOV Services Ltd.

The Company entered into three Intercompany Loan Agreements with an affiliate of ETI, in September 2009 and May 2010, whereby the affiliate of ETI agreed to lend up to £9.3 million to the Company (“related party notes payable”). The related party notes payable which were denominated in Great British pounds accrued interest daily at the one-month LIBOR rate for United States dollar deposits in the London interbank market plus four percentage points. These notes had an original maturity date of one year (which was extended by the lender for one additional year on each anniversary of the notes) and were assigned by the lender to another affiliate of ETI and amended with an effective date of December 1, 2012. The amendment amended (a) the interest rate to a fixed rate of 4% plus LIBOR for the remainder of 2012, 12% for 2013 and 13.5% thereafter, (b) extended the term of the agreement to December 31, 2024, and (c) denominated the notes in United States dollars. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party notes payable were eliminated at closing with a corresponding impact to additional paid-in capital. As a result, no related party notes payable was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included related party interest expense of $0 and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 in the related party interest expense (income), net.

The Company entered into another four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes payable”) with affiliates of ETI, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes payable have a ten year term and bear annual interest of 6.0%, due at the end of the term. The condensed consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million new related party notes payable as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included less than $0.1 million of related party interest expense for the period ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 in the related party interest expense (income), net.

Related Party Payables and Related Party Notes Payables Balances with Affiliates

On February 5, 2025, the Company entered into a new related party service agreement with Nventr, LLC, a portfolio company of HGM and in which our executive chairman holds a 20% interest, that provides AI analytics solutions. The Company incurred an expense of $0.1 million and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 in related party expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The company capitalized $0.1 million and $0 million towards solutioning work for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

On February 18, 2025, the Company entered into a new related party service agreement with HOV Services Ltd., a company in which our executive chairman also serves as executive chairman, to help mitigate the risk of service disruption from the ongoing chapter 11 proceedings of the ETI Debtor Subs by providing an alternate source for certain BPO, outsourcing, management, and financial transaction processing solutions. The Company incurred an expense of $0.2 million and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 in related party expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Related party payables and related party notes payables balances with affiliates as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

On March 24, 2025, a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “MI Agreement”) was executed between the Company and ETI. Under the terms of the MI Agreement, ETI, who is the record and beneficial owner of 100% of the membership interests in GP 2XCV Holdings LLC (“GP2 Holdings”), a Delaware limited liability company, sold and transferred all of the membership interests in GP2 Holdings to the Company. The only asset held by GP2 Holdings is all of the membership interests in GP 2XCV, LLC (“GP2”). The only asset held by GP2 is 11.500% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2026 (“Exela 2026 Notes”) issued by a wholly owned subsidiary of ETI. The Company paid a purchase price of $2.3 million by way of issuing 1,680,000 shares of XBP common stock at a closing stock price of $1.37 on March 21, 2025. Accordingly, XBP recorded an investment of $2.3 million in Exela 2026 Notes as a “held-till-maturity” asset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 for the only acquired asset under this asset acquisition transaction. The Exela 2026 Notes were purchased credit deteriorated. Accordingly, the Company recorded an allowance for credit loss of $1.3 million and non-credit premium assets of $1.3 million. The Company amortized less than $0.1 million of non-credit premium asset during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. It offers automation of Accounts Payable (“AP”) and Accounts Receivables (“AR”) processes and through its platform, XBP, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes our digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the results of the disposable group are presented as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

A reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes is presented below.

Item B. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis section has been copied from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 15, 2025 (the “Form 10-Q”), and any defined terms used herein retain their meanings as specified in the 10-Q, which may differ from definitions in the proxy statement.

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Among other things, the condensed consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the financial data than included in the following discussion. Amounts in thousands of United States dollars.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we,” “our,” “us,” “XBP Europe, “the Company” and similar terms are to XBP Europe Inc. and its subsidiaries before the Business Combination, and to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. following consummation of the Business Combination, except where the context requires otherwise.

Unless otherwise noted, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations relates solely to our continuing operations and does not include the operations of our certain on-demand printing operations. See “Pending Divestiture” below and Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information about the disposable group.

Certain statements included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this quarterly report are not historical facts but are forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “may”, “should”, “would”, “plan”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “seem”, “seek”, “continue”, “future”, “will”, “expect”, “outlook” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our industry, future events, estimated or anticipated future results and benefits, future opportunities for XBP Europe, and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are based on the current expectations of XBP Europe management and are not predictions of actual performance. These statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties regarding XBP Europe’s businesses and actual results may differ materially. The factors that may affect our results include, among others: the impact of political and economic conditions on the demand for our services; cyber incidents such as a data or security breach; the impact of competition or alternatives to our services on our business pricing and other actions by competitors; our ability to address technological development and change in order to keep pace with our industry and the industries of our customers; the impact of terrorism, natural disasters or similar events on our business; the effect of legislative and regulatory actions in the United States and internationally; the impact of operational failure due to the unavailability or failure of third-party services on which we rely; the effect of intellectual property infringement; and other factors discussed in this quarterly report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”) under the heading “Risk Factors”, and otherwise identified or discussed in this quarterly report. You should consider these factors carefully in evaluating forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. It is impossible for us to predict new events or circumstances that may arise in the future or how they may affect us. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this quarterly report. We are not including the information provided on any websites that may be referenced herein as part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this quarterly report. In addition, forward-looking statements provide our expectations, plans or forecasts of future events and views as of the date of this quarterly report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our assessments to change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our assessments as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report.

The Company’s primary source of revenue stems from transactions processed by its products, including bills and payments processing and constitutes the dominant part of revenue in our larger, Bills & Payments reporting segment. Other sources of revenue include the sale of recurring software licenses and professional services, perpetual software licenses, as well as hardware solutions and related maintenance and constitute our other, Technology reporting segment. The Company offers an industry-agnostic and cross-departmental suite of products, which center around finance and accounting (“F&A”) solutions and services comprised of the XBP Platform, Request to Pay, enterprise information management, Digital Mailroom, business process management and workflow automation, and integrated communication services. The Company also offers core industry solutions for the banking and financial services sector, and has, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, rolled out a suite of Work From Anywhere (“WFA”) applications with enterprise software for connectivity and productivity to enable remote work.

The continued success of the Company’s business is driven by its people. Its operation centers are located in areas where the value proposition the Company offers is attractive relative to other local opportunities, resulting in an engaged, educated multi-lingual workforce that is able to make a meaningful global contribution from their local marketplace. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had approximately 1,500 employees (of which 145 were part-time employees) across 16 countries (14 across Europe and in Morocco as well as the U.S., where our chief executive officer and chief financial officer are located).

XBP Europe, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on September 28, 2022 to facilitate the Business Combination. On November 30, 2023, following the closing of the Business Combination, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and the Company’s shares started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker “XBP” and its warrants started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol “XBPEW.” Together with its subsidiaries, the Company constitutes a collection of entities, which have comprised the core European business of ETI since the 1995 merger between Texas-based BancTec, Inc. and Recognition International, Inc. The Company’s subsidiaries and predecessor entities have been serving clients in the European marketplace for over 45 years. In 2018, through the acquisitions of Asterion International and Drescher Full-Service Versand, ETI further expanded its geographic and client reach across Europe.

During the third quarter of 2024, certain on-demand printing operations of the Company met the criteria to be disclosed as discontinued operations in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on discontinued operations.

The Company believes that its performance and future success depend upon several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Technology: The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring and perpetual software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

To supplement its financial data presented on a basis consistent with GAAP, this report contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. The Company has included these non-GAAP financial measures because they are financial measures used by management to evaluate the Company’s core operating performance and trends, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments. These measures exclude certain expenses that are required under GAAP. The Company excludes these items because they are non-recurring or non-cash expenses that are determined based in part on the Company’s underlying performance.

We define EBITDA as net income (loss), plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus restructuring and related expenses, non-cash equity compensation, foreign exchange gains or losses, changes in fair value of warrant liability, and non-recurring transaction costs incurred in connection with the Business Combination.

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss from discontinued operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Related party revenue — Related party revenue consists of sales of the above products or services to related parties.

Cost of revenue — Cost of revenue consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, including performance bonuses, facility costs and cost of products.

Depreciation and amortization — Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets expenses consist of depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of client relationship asset.

Interest expense, net — Interest expense consists of interest related to pensions, debt, and finance leases.

Related party interest expense — Related party interest expense consists of interest incurred on amounts due to related parties.

Foreign exchange losses, net — Foreign exchange losses, net is comprised of losses and gains due to foreign currency remeasurement that are netted together for reporting purposes.

Changes in fair value of warrant liability – Changes in fair value of warrant liability represents the mark-to-market fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Warrants issued as part of the consummation of the Business Combination. The change in fair value of Private Warrants is primarily the result of the change in the underlying stock price of our stock used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The warrant is remeasured at the end of each subsequent reporting period.

Pension income, net — Pension income, net consists of expected return on employee benefit plan assets, amortization of prior service cost and amortization of net loss.

Three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to three months ended March 31, 2024 (US dollars in thousands)

For the purposes of trend analysis, constant currency refers to the prevailing rate of the US dollar against relevant currencies for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our net revenue on a consolidated basis decreased by $0.4 million, or 1.2%, to $37.7 million (including related party revenue of $0.1 million) from $38.1 million (including related party revenue of $0.0 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2024. On a constant currency basis, net revenue increased by $0.3 million or 0.9%, offset by the negative impact of foreign currency of $0.8 million or 2.0%.

Bills & Payments and Technology segments constituted 69.8%, and 30.2%, respectively, of our total net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 69.9%, and 30.1%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

Bills & Payments — Net revenue attributable to bills and payments segment was $26.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $26.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The revenue decline of $0.3 million or 1.2%, is primarily attributable to negative impact of foreign currency accounting, offset by the positive impact of newly won business, some of which is in early stage of ramp. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $0.3 million or 1.2%, offset by the negative impact of foreign currency of $0.6 million or 2.4%.

Technology — For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net revenue attributable to the Technology segment decreased by $0.1 million or 1.0%, to $11.4 million from $11.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The revenue decline in the Technology segment was largely due to the negative impact of foreign currency and lower license sales offset by higher implementation and professional services revenue. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $0.0 million or 0.1%, offset by the negative impact of foreign currency of $0.1 million or 1.1%.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the cost of revenue decreased by $1.8 million, or 6.3%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. On a constant currency basis, total cost of revenue decreased by $1.1 million or 3.9%, with the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for additional reduction of $0.7 million or 2.3%, when compared to the cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

In the Bills & Payments segments, the decrease was primarily attributable to improved operational leverage, reduced cost resulting from completed projects with higher levels of automation applied, and optimization efforts coupled with the positive impact of foreign currency accounting. Costs to the Bills & Payments segment decreased by $1.8 million, or 8.0%. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at the Bills & Payments segment declined by $1.3 million or 5.7%, and the positive impact of foreign currency accounting reduced cost of revenue by $0.5 million or 2.3%, when compared to the cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The cost of revenue in the Technology segment increased by $0.1 million, or 1.5%, primarily due to the change in the revenue mix within the Technology segment as well as investment in new technology resources. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at the Technology segment increased by $0.2 million or 4.2%, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for $0.1 million or 2.7%.

The decrease in cost of revenues as a percent of revenue on a consolidated basis was primarily due to a change in the revenue mix, automation, and executed savings initiative. Cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 69.9% of revenue compared to 73.7% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A expenses”) increased by $4.0 million, or 57.2%, to $11.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to $3.8 million of stock-based compensation recorded in the quarter. Excluding this item, SG&A expenses of $7.1 million were $0.2 million or 2.4% higher compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by increased investments in the sales team, offset by cost optimization initiatives which resulted in reduced operating lease and facility expenses. SG&A expenses increased as a percentage of revenue to 29.1% (18.9% excluding non-cash equity compensation) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to 18.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Related party expense was $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by the expansion of Center of Excellence (COE), which includes consolidating financial processes to strengthen the controls framework, as well as two new related party services as described in Note 19 – Related Parties.

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $0.6 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in total depreciation and amortization expense by $0.2 million was primarily due to a decrease in amortization expense related to outsource contract costs during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Interest expense was $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, largely due to an increase in borrowing costs as a result of higher borrowings under the 2024 Credit Facilities and higher pension interest cost during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Related party interest expense, net was $23 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to related party interest expense, net of $19 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Foreign exchange gain was $71 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to foreign exchange losses of $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a higher unrealized exchange gains for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The change in fair value of warrant liability during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was a gain of $2 thousand. The change in fair value of warrant liability resulted from the remeasurement of the Private Warrant liability between December 31, 2024 and the end of the reporting period, March 31, 2025.

Pension income, net was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to pension income, net of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company had an income tax expense of $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to an income tax expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in the income tax expenses for the current period was primarily due to higher profitability in the U.K., the Netherlands, and Germany.

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 cash and cash equivalents totaled $9.7 million and $12.1 million, respectively.

The Company currently expects to spend approximately $2.0 to $3.0 million on total capital expenditures and capitalizable contracts set-up cost over the next twelve months. The Company will continue to evaluate additional capital expenditure needs that may arise.

As of March 31, 2025, and in comparison to December 31, 2024, total debt increased by $0.8 million primarily due to borrowings under the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities. (See “Indebtedness” below).

The Company has utilized COVID-19 relief measures in various European jurisdictions, including permitted deferrals of certain payroll, social security and value added taxes. At the end of the third quarter 2024, the Company paid a significant portion of these deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes. The remaining balance of deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes is expected to be paid by April 2027, or later, as per deferment timeline as established by local laws and regulations.

The Company believes the current cash, cash equivalents and cash flows from financing activities are sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months. To the extent existing cash, cash from operations, and amounts available for borrowing are insufficient to fund future activities, the Company may need to raise additional capital. The Company may require funding for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, cost overruns for reasons outside of its control and it may experience slower sales than anticipated. If the Company’s current cash on hand is not sufficient to meet its financing requirements for the next twelve months, it may have to raise funds to allow it to continue to operate its business and execute on its business plan. The Company cannot be certain that funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all particularly given the amount of Company securities being offered, the terms of such securities and the potential duration of any offering. To the extent that the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may impact the Company’s ability to conduct business or return capital to investors. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly scale back, delay or discontinue certain businesses, restrict its operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms.

Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include cash flows related to the disposable group. Significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations related to our disposable group are presented separately in Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report.

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

Operating Activities — Net cash used in operating activities was $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash used by operating activities of $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease of $2.7 million in cash used in operating activities was largely due to higher inflows from accrued expenses and other liabilities, partially offset by higher outflows from accounts receivable.

Investing Activities — Net cash used in investing activities was $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The increase of $0.7 million in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to higher additions of property, plant and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Financing Activities — Net cash used in financing activities was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase of $1.1 million in net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to higher principal payments on the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities and 2024 Term Loan Facilities.

The Company accounted for the transactions under the Amended Factoring Agreement as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and treats it as an off-balance sheet arrangement. Net funds received from the transfers reflect the face value of the account less a fee, which is recorded as an increase to cash and a reduction to accounts receivable outstanding in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company reports the cash flows attributable to the sale of account receivables to the Factor and the cash receipts from collections made on behalf of and paid to the Factor under the Amended Factoring Agreement, on a net basis as trade accounts receivables in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s outstanding factored accounts receivable amounted to approximately $10.1 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 which is presented in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the condensed combined and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In June 2024, XBP Europe, Inc. a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, together with certain other subsidiaries (the “XBP Group”), entered into a Facilities Agreement (the “2024 Facilities Agreement”) with HSBC UK Bank plc (“HSBC”) for a £15.0 million and €10.5 million Secured Credit Facility consisting of (i) a single draw, secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £3.0 million (the “2024 Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a single draw, secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of €10.5 million (the “2024 Term Loan B Facility”, collectively with the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the “2024 Term Loan Facilities”) and (iii) a multi-draw, multi-currency secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £12.0 million (the “2024 Revolving Credit Facility”), and, together with the 2024 Term Loan Facilities, (the “2024 Senior Credit Facilities”). The 2024 Term Loan Facilities mature on June 26, 2028 and the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility matures on June 26, 2027, with certain extension rights at the discretion of HSBC. An additional £14.0 million of credit under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility may be made available at HSBC’s discretion for specific purposes as per the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, all obligations under the 2024 Facilities Agreement are jointly and severally unconditionally guaranteed by each member of the XBP Group.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31 2024, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding balance of $2.6 million, and $2.2 million, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repaid $0.2 million and $0.6 million of outstanding principal amount under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility and 2024 Term Loan B Facility, respectively.

We may, from time to time, explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions, which may include joint ventures, as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds will likely be required. Subject to applicable contractual restrictions, to obtain such financing, we may seek to use cash on hand, or we may seek to raise additional debt or equity financing through private placements or through underwritten offerings. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement that we entered into in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, certain of our stockholders have the right to demand underwritten offerings of our Common Stock. We may from time to time in the future explore, with certain of those stockholders the possibility of an underwritten public offering of our Common Stock held by those stockholders. There can be no assurance as to whether or when an offering may be commenced or completed, or as to the actual size or terms of the offering.

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates. The critical accounting policies provide a better understanding of how the Company develops its assumptions and judgments about future events and related estimations and how they can impact the Company’s financial statements. A critical accounting estimate is one that requires subjective or complex estimates and assessments and is fundamental to the Company’s results of operations. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company believes the current assumptions, judgments and estimates used to determine amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements are appropriate; however, actual results may differ under different conditions. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. Refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates” contained in Part II, Item 7 of our 2024 Form 10-K for a complete discussion of critical accounting estimates. There have been no material changes to 2024 Form 10-K.

The Jumpstart our Business Startups Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with a review of our December 31, 2024 combined and consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. Certain statements contained in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” may be deemed to be forward-looking statements.

Unless the context requires otherwise, the use of the terms “BPA,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “ours” in these Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations refer to Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed on June 7, 2017, along with its subsidiaries and affiliates. On March 3, 2025, BPA and its USA and Canada domiciled subsidiaries and affiliates other than certain bankruptcy remote entities commenced voluntary cases under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code §§ 101-1532 in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas. The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re DocuData Solutions, L.C., Case No. 25-90023 (CML).

We are a global provider of transaction processing solutions, enterprise information management, document management and digital business process services. Our technology-enabled solutions allow global organizations to address critical challenges resulting from the massive amounts of data obtained and created through their daily operations. Our solutions address the life cycle of transaction processing and enterprise information management, from enabling payment gateways and data exchanges across multiple systems, to matching inputs against contracts and handling exceptions, to ultimately depositing payments and distributing communications. We believe our process expertise, information technology capabilities and operational insights enable our customers’ organizations to more efficiently and effectively execute transactions, make decisions, drive revenue and profitability, and communicate critical information to their employees, customers, partners, and vendors.

Our three reportable segments are Information & Transaction Processing Solutions (“ITPS”), Healthcare Solutions (“HS”), and Legal & Loss Prevention Services (“LLPS”). These segments are comprised of significant strategic business units that align our Transaction Processing Solutions (TPS) and Enterprise Information Management (EIM) products and services with how we manage our business, approach our key markets and interact with our customers based on their respective industries.

ITPS: Our largest segment, ITPS, provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries. Our major customers include many leading banks, insurance companies, and utilities, as well as hundreds of federal, state and government entities. Our ITPS offerings enable companies to increase availability of working capital, reduce turnaround times for application processes, increase regulatory compliance and enhance consumer engagement.

HS: HS operates and maintains an outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets. We serve the top healthcare insurance payers and hundreds of healthcare providers.

LLPS: Our LLPS segment provides a broad array of support services in connection with class action settlement administration, claims adjudication, labor, employment and other legal matters. Our customer base consists of corporate counsel, government attorneys, and law firms.

ITPS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction-based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed, licensing and maintenance fees for technology sales, and a mix of fixed management fee and transactional revenue for document logistics and location services. HS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction-based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed for healthcare payers and providers. LLPS revenues are primarily based on time and materials pricing as well as through transactional services priced on a per item basis.

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance of our consolidated operations. We define EBITDA as net loss, plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus transaction and integration costs; non-cash equity compensation, (gain) or loss from sale or disposal of assets or business, non-recurring charges and impairment charges; and other infrequent, or unusual costs and expenses. See “—Other Financial Information (Non-GAAP Financial Measures)” for more information and a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

The following table sets forth our results of operation data for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, our revenue on a consolidated basis decreased by $30.6 million, or 3.42%, to $872.7 million from $903.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. We experienced revenue declines in our ITPS segment of $25.1 million and HS segment of $8.2 million while revenue increased in our LLPS segment by $2.7 million. Our ITPS, HS, and LLPS segments constituted 62.6%, 27.9%, and 9.5% of total revenue, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 63.3%, 27.8%, and 8.9%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

ITPS—Revenue attributable to our ITPS segment was $546.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $571.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The majority of this revenue decline is attributable to certain clients exiting or not renewing their contracts. Additionally, revenue can fluctuate year to year based on the number or amount of non-recurring contracts entered into with customers. In June 2023, we sold our high-speed scanner business and this resulted in $5.5 million lower revenue in the current fiscal compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The impact in revenue is also linked to market conditions including customer buying behavior, emerging technologies and market disruptors.

HS—For the year ended December 31, 2024, revenue attributable to our HS segment decreased by $8.2 million, or 3.3%, to $243.2 million from $251.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in revenue was primarily due to certain clients exiting or not renewing their contracts. Additionally, revenue can fluctuate year to year based on the number or amount of non-recurring contracts entered into with customers.

LLPS—Revenue attributable to our LLPS segment was $83.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $80.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in revenue by $2.7 million, or 3.4%, is primarily due to an increase in project based engagements in legal claims administration services.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, our cost of revenue decreased by $24.4 million, or 3.4% compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. Costs in our ITPS segment decreased by $15.8 million, or 3.3%, primarily attributable to the corresponding decline in revenues. HS segment costs decreased by $12.4 million, or 6.7% primarily due to decrease in employee-related cost. LLPS segment cost of revenue increased by $3.8 million, or 7.9% primarily due to corresponding increase in revenue mix and employee related costs.

The decrease in cost of revenues on a consolidated basis was primarily due to a decrease in employee-related costs of $52.6 million, lower infrastructure and maintenance costs of $10.7 million, offset by higher travel costs of $0.2 million, pass through cost of $30.6 million and higher other operating costs of $8.1 million which primarily include supplies, cost of products, service expenses.

Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 78.7% of revenue compared to the 78.8% of revenue for the comparable same period in the prior year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A expenses”) increased by $10.4 million, or 9.1%, to $124.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $114.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in our SG&A expenses was primarily attributable to higher infrastructure, maintenance and operating costs of $1.9 million, higher travel cost by $0.7 million, profit on sale of our high speed scanner business of $7.2 million recognized in September 2023, higher provision for credit losses by $11.4 million, $3.7 million due to lower insurance recoveries ($6.7 million in year 2024 compare to $10.4 million in year 2023) and higher other SG&A expenses by $2.3 million partially offset by lower employee related costs by $3.8 million, and lower legal and professional fees of $13.0 million. SG&A expenses increased as a percentage of revenues to 14.3% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 12.6% for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $50.3 million and $56.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in total depreciation and amortization expense by $6.3 million was primarily due to a reduction in depreciation expense as a result of the expiration of the lives of assets acquired in prior periods and decrease in intangibles amortization expense due to end of useful lives for certain intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $108.5 million pertaining to impairment of goodwill. There was no impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Related party expense was $11.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in related party expenses is on account of decrease in our cloud solution consumption.

Interest expense was $101.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $154.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in interest expenses by $52.7 million was primarily due to amortization of debt exchange premium and reduction in interest costs due to exchange of July 2026 Notes for April 2026 Notes during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

Debt modification and extinguishment costs were $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. There was no Debt modification and extinguishment costs / (gain) for the year ended December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased $6.0 million principal amount of the Second Lien Note for a net cash consideration of $6.0 million. The loss on early extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2024 totaled $0.4 million and is inclusive of $0.4 million write off of debt issuance costs.

Sundry Income, net was $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to sundry expense, net of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change over the prior year period is primarily attributable to exchange rate fluctuations on foreign currency transactions.

Other Income, net was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to other income, net of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

We had an income tax expense of $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to income tax expense of $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in tax expense from the prior year was largely due to reduction in tax expense in our share-service centers partially offset by an increase in US tax due to loss of tax attributes in 2024. The tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 is increased as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. Our estimated annual effective tax rate of (4.9)% for the year ended December 31, 2024 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, remeasurement of existing uncertain tax positions in Canada and Germany and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of our deferred tax assets on U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforwards under the provisions of the TCJA.

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance. We define EBITDA as net (loss) income, plus income tax expenses, interest expense, net and depreciation and amortization.

We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we believe they provide useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting our business in addition to measures calculated under GAAP.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our Board and management use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance, because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of our management team. Net loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not required to be uniformly applied, are not audited and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Under ASC Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (“ASC 205-40”), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The following conditions raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern: a history of net losses, working capital deficits, accumulated deficit and filing of Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases. Going concern matters are more fully discussed in Note 1, Description of the Business.

Liquidity is the availability of adequate amounts of cash within an enterprise to meet its needs for cash requirements. At December 31, 2024, cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents totaled $64.1 million, including restricted cash of $52.4 million. As of December 31, 2024, our working capital deficit (excluding current portion of long-term debt) amounted to $232.3 million, an increase of $46.0 million as compared to working capital deficit of $186.3 million as of December 31, 2023. This increase in working capital deficit is primarily a result of reduction in accounts receivable balances and increase in liability for accrued compensation and benefits.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contracts and commitments that obligate us to make payments in the future. These obligations include borrowings, interest obligations, purchase commitments, operating and finance lease commitments, employee benefit payments and taxes. See Note 11 – Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities and Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies, to our combined and consolidated financial statements herein for further information on material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations.

We plan to spend approximately 1.5% of total revenue on total capital expenditures over the next twelve months. Our business model has evolved to leverage cloud hosted platforms. This has reduced our capital expenditures and increased our operating expenses. This is the primary driver of changes in our capital expenditures when compared with historical periods. Our future cash requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, our investments in strategic initiatives, applications or technologies, operation centers and acquisition of complementary businesses, which may require the use of significant cash resources and/or additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all which may adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

On March 3, 2025, the Debtors commenced voluntary cases (collectively, the “Chapter 11 Cases”) under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code §§ 101-1532 in the Bankruptcy Court. On April 16, 2025 the Company entered into a Plan Support Agreement (as amended, and as may be amended, modified, or supplemented, the “Plan Support Agreement”) with an ad hoc group of holders of the Debtors’ 11.5% secured notes due 2026 (the “Ad Hoc Group”), Exela Technologies, Inc. (“Exela” or “Parent”), certain non-Debtor subsidiaries of Exela (together with Exela, the “Consenting Exela Entities”), and the other parties thereto. The Plan Support Agreement incorporates the terms of a global and comprehensive settlement reached in the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases among the Debtors, the Ad Hoc Group, the Consenting Exela Entities, and the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors. The Plan Support Agreement contained a term sheet for a plan of reorganization, which the Company filed on May 7, 2025 (the “Plan”). The Plan provides for the equitization or exchange of all allowed July 2026 Notes Claims and allowed April 2026 Notes Claims (collectively, “Allowed Notes Claims”) through a series of steps resulting in the Holders of Allowed Notes Claims receiving their Pro Rata Shares of a portion of the equity of the Debtors’ publicly-traded affiliate, XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (“XBP”).

In connection with these Chapter 11 Cases, Exela Finance, Inc. and Exela Intermediate LLC and the guarantors party thereto entered into a debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) financing agreement totaling $185.0 million. The DIP facility consists of a total of $80.0 million in new money loans (the “DIP New Money Loans”) and $105.0 million in “rolled-up” prepetition notes (the “DIP Roll-up Loans”, together with the DIP New Money Loan, the “DIP Facility”). The DIP Facility is critical for Debtor’s operations during the Chapter 11 proceedings and its restructuring process. As collateral, the Debtors granted security interests and liens to Ankura Trust Company, LLC, for the benefit of the lenders, with the liens being senior to the prepetition financing agreements, subject to certain limited exceptions. The DIP Facility loans are due for repayment on the final maturity date being the earliest of August 1, 2025, substantial consummation of a reorganization plan, or other specified events. Interest rates on the loans are 12.00% per annum for New Money Loans and 11.50% per annum for Roll-Up Loans, with interest capitalized monthly on a paid-in-kind (PIK) basis. Prepayment of the loans is allowed at any time with 5 business days’ notice, and mandatory prepayments are required in the event of certain transactions, such as asset sales or debt issuances. As of July 1, 2025, BPA has borrowed $80.0 million in the DIP New Money Loans and pursuant to that converted $105.0 million of prepetition notes in the DIP Roll-up Loans.

On the Effective Date of the Plan, the Reorganized Debtors will enter into the Exit Facility (as defined in the Plan Support Agreement) on the terms set forth in the Plan Term Sheet and Exit Facility Documents (each as defined in the Plan Support Agreement), pursuant to which all DIP Obligations shall be converted into Rollover Exit Notes on a cashless basis, except as otherwise provided for a portion of the Sub-Group DIP Lenders’ DIP Obligations, as detailed in the Plan. On the Effective Date of the Plan, the Reorganized Debtors will also enter into a supplemental exit facility to replace or refinance the Debtors’ prepetition Senior Secured Term Loan dated as of July 11, 2023 (as described under Note 11, Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities), with either (a) the New Blue Torch Facility or (b) the Gates Exit Facility; provided that if the Debtors enter into the Gates Exit Facility, the Senior Secured Term Loan, including any related guarantees, will be repaid with the proceeds of the Gates Exit Facility. On the Effective Date of the Plan, XBP will provide the XBP Funding in an amount of $18.0 million; in the event the XBP Funding fails to become committed by the deadline for objections established by the Court to confirmation of the Plan or fails to occur on or prior to the Effective Date, and if the Consenting Exela Parties do not instead provide XBP Alternative Funding in the same amount, the Consenting Exela Parties’ equity will be reduced as described in the Plan and Disclosure Statement. On the Effective Date, the Consenting Exela Parties shall be bound by a commitment to pay (a) the first $15.0 million of Transaction Tax Liability and (b) any Transaction Tax Liability in excess of $25.0 million, with any amounts of the Transaction Tax Liability between $15.0 million and $25.0 million the obligation of the Reorganized Debtors. The Reorganized Debtors will continue or replace their existing securitization programs.

The Bankruptcy Court held a hearing on June 23, 2025 to consider final approval of the disclosure statement and confirmation of the Plan. After the conclusion of the hearing, the Bankruptcy Court approved the disclosure statement and confirmed the Plan and entered the confirmation order. Under the terms of the Plan Support Agreement, the Company has a milestone of fourteen (14) days after the Bankruptcy Court confirms the Plan to emerge from Chapter 11.

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023

Operating Activities— Net cash provided by operating activities is $23.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. An increase of $33.3 million in cash provided by operating activities is on account of decrease in interest expense and improved working capital management partially offset by an increase in the SG&A expenses.

Investing Activities— Net cash used in investing activities is $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to cash provided by investing activities of $22.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease of $29.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to $29.8 million of net cash proceeds from the sale of the high-speed scanner business in 2023.

Financing Activities— Net cash used in financing activities was $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. This was primarily due to $59.3 million in net borrowings under the BR Exar AR Facility, and $14.8 million in proceeds from other loans. These inflows were offset by $52.3 million in repayments under the BR Exar AR Facility, $6.0 million repayments on Second Lien Note, $11.5 million in principal repayments on BRCC Revolver and other loans, and $6.6 million of principal repayments on finance lease obligations.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This was primarily due to $42.5 million in borrowings under the BR Exar AR Facility, $13.9 million of net cash received from Exela, $40.0 million of proceeds from Senior Secured Term Loan, $31.5 million of proceeds from Second Lien Note and $8.3 million of proceeds from other loans. These inflows were offset by $42.5 million in repayments under the BR Exar AR Facility, $3.8 million of principal repayments on finance lease obligations, $74.2 million in principal repayments on Senior Secured Term Loan, BRCC Revolver and other loans and $8.5 million paid as debt issuance costs.

As of December 31, 2024, there was outstanding $24.0 million aggregate principal amount of 11.5% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes scheduled to mature July 15, 2026 (the “July 2026 Notes”) issued by Exela Intermediate LLC and Exela Finance Inc. (together, the “Issuers”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company. The July 2026 Notes are guaranteed by nearly all U.S. subsidiaries of Exela Intermediate LLC. The July 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 11.5% per year. The Company is required to pay interest on the July 2026 Notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, and commenced making such interest payments on July 15, 2022. The Issuers may redeem the July 2026 Notes in whole or in part from time to time, at a redemption price of 100%, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date.

Interest on the April 2026 Notes accrued at 11.5% per annum and was paid semi-annually, in arrears, on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning July 15, 2023. Interest was payable in cash or in kind by issuing additional April 2026 Notes (or increasing the principal amount of the outstanding April 2026 Notes) (“PIK Interest”) as described below: (A) for the July 15, 2023 interest payment date, such interest was paid in kind as PIK Interest, (B) for each interest payment date from and including the January 15, 2024 interest payment date through and including the July 15, 2024 interest payment date, such interest should have been paid in cash in an amount equal to (i) 50% of such interest plus (ii) an amount not to exceed an amount that, pro forma for such payment, would leave the issuers with Unrestricted Cash (as defined in the April 2026 Notes Indenture) of at least $15.0 million, with the remaining interest paid in kind as PIK Interest, and (C) for interest payment dates falling on or after January 15, 2025, such interest should have been be paid in cash.

On July 15, 2023, the Company issued $62.2 million in aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as a payment for PIK Interest that would otherwise have been due to holders of the July 2026 Notes that participated in the Public Exchange on July 15, 2023. On January 15, 2024, the Company issued $42.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as a payment for PIK Interest due on January 15, 2024 in respect of the April 2026 Notes. On July 15, 2024, the Company issued $44.2 million in aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as a payment for PIK Interest due on July 15, 2024 in respect of the April 2026 Notes and $1,231.1 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes remained outstanding as of December 31, 2024.

The Issuers’ obligations under the April 2026 Notes and the April 2026 Notes Indenture are irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the same guarantors (the “Guarantors”) that guarantee the July 2026 Notes (other than certain guarantors that have ceased to have operations or assets) and by certain of the Issuers’ other affiliates (the “Affiliated Guarantors”). The April 2026 Notes and the related guarantees are first-priority senior secured obligations of the Issuers, the Guarantors and Affiliated Guarantors.

The issuers may redeem the April 2026 Notes at their option, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a redemption price of 100%, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date. In addition, the April 2026 Notes will be mandatorily redeemable in part upon the sale of certain assets that constitute additional credit support.

The April 2026 Notes Indenture contains covenants that limit the Issuers’ and the Affiliated Guarantors and their respective subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, (ii) pay dividends or distributions on, or redeem or repurchase, capital stock and make other restricted payments, (iii) make investments, (iv) consummate certain asset sales, (v) engage in certain transactions with affiliates, (vi) grant or assume certain liens and (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of their assets. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions. In addition, upon the occurrence of specified change of control events, the Issuers must offer to repurchase the April 2026 Notes at 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable repurchase date. The April 2026 Notes Indenture also provides for events of default, which, required the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all of the then outstanding April 2026 Notes to be due and payable immediately when the Company defaulted on the interest payment due on January 15, 2025.

The Company was not able to pay interest payments due in 2025, as extended, which led to a default on the April 2026 Notes and contributed to the Company’s bankruptcy proceedings. As a result of the default and bankruptcy, and the cross-default provisions, the majority of the debt has been reflected as current.

On July 11, 2023, Exela Intermediate LLC and Exela Finance Inc., wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, entered into a financing agreement with certain lenders and Blue Torch Finance LLC, as administrative agent, pursuant to which the lenders extended a $40.0 million term loan (“Senior Secured Term Loan”). On the same date, the Company used proceeds of this term loan to repay a corresponding amount of its existing debt. On January 12, 2024, $1.0 million of certain waiver and consent fees payable by subsidiaries of the Company under the term of Senior Secured Term Loan were added to outstanding balance of the Senior Secured Term Loan.

The Senior Secured Term Loan shall be, at the option of the Company, either a Reference Rate Loan, or a Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Loan. Each portion of the Senior Secured Term Loan that is a Reference Rate Loan bears interest on the principal amount outstanding from the date of the Senior Secured Term Loan until repaid, at a rate per annum equal to the Reference Rate plus the Applicable Margin. “Reference Rate” for any period means the greatest of (i) 4.00% per annum, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% per annum, (iii) the Adjusted Term SOFR (which rate shall be calculated based upon an interest period of 1 month and shall be determined on a daily basis) plus 1.00% per annum, and (iv) the rate last quoted by the Wall Street Journal as the "Prime Rate" in the United States. “Applicable Margin,” with respect to the interest rate of (a) any Reference Rate Loan is 10.39% per annum, and (b) any SOFR Rate Loan is 11.39% per annum. SOFR Rate Loans shall bear interest on the principal amount outstanding, at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR rate for the Interest Period in effect for the Term Loan plus Applicable Margin. “Adjusted Term SOFR” means the rate per annum equal to Term SOFR for such calculation, plus 0.26161%. “Term SOFR,” for calculation with respect to a SOFR Rate Loan, is the per annum forward-looking term rate based on secured overnight financing rate for a tenor comparable to the applicable interest period on the day that is two business days prior to the first day of such interest period. However, with respect to a Reference Rate Loan, “Term SOFR” means the per annum forward-looking term rate based on secured overnight financing rate for a tenor of three months on the day that is two business days prior to such day. If Term SOFR as so determined shall ever be less than 4.00%, then Term SOFR shall be deemed to be 4.00%.

The Company may, at any time, elect to have interest on all or a portion of the loans be charged at a rate of interest based upon Term SOFR (the “SOFR Option”) by notifying the administrative agent at least three (3) business days prior to the proposed change. Such notice needs to be provided in the case of the continuation of a SOFR Rate Loan as a SOFR Rate Loan on the last day of the then current interest period. The Company shall have not more than 5 SOFR Rate Loans in effect at any given time, and only may exercise the SOFR Option for SOFR Rate Loans of at least $500,000 and integral multiples of $100,000 in excess thereof.

As of December 31, 2024, there were borrowings of $38.5 million outstanding under the Senior Secured Term Loan. The outstanding principal amount of the Senior Secured Term Loan shall be repaid in six (6) equal quarterly installments of $0.5 million commencing March 31, 2025, with the remaining outstanding principal amount of $35.5 million payable at maturity along with accrued and unpaid interest. The maturity date of the Senior Secured Term Loan is January 14, 2026.

The Company may, at any time, prepay the principal of the Senior Secured Term Loan. Each prepayment shall be accompanied by the payment of accrued interest and the applicable premium, if any. Each prepayment shall be applied against the remaining installments of principal due on the Senior Secured Term Loan in the inverse order of maturity. The applicable premium shall be payable in the form of a make-whole amount if prepayment is made within one year of the borrowing date (the “First Period”). If optional prepayment is made after the year one anniversary of the borrowing date to the date of the two-year anniversary (the “Second Period”), the applicable premium shall be an amount equal to 1% times the amount of the principal amount of the Senior Secured Term Loan being paid on such date. The applicable premium shall be zero in case of prepayment after the date of the two-year anniversary of the borrowing date. Further, during the Second Period, if the prepayment is because of an event of default or termination of contract for any reason, the applicable premium shall be 1% times the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Secured Term Loan outstanding on such date.

The Senior Secured Term Loan contains customary events of default, cross-default provisions, affirmative and negative covenants, including limitation on the Company’s and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to create, incur or allow certain liens; enter into sale and lease-back transactions; make any restricted payments; undergo fundamental changes, as well as certain financial covenants. The cross-default provisions are triggered if the Parent, borrower, affiliates, or significant subsidiaries defaults on any debt that is greater than $25 million if the effect of such default or event is to (i) accelerate, or to permit the acceleration of, the maturity of such indebtedness; (ii) allow such indebtedness to be declared due and payable or (iii) required such indebtedness to be prepaid (other than by a regularly scheduled required prepayment) or redeemed, in each case, prior to the stated maturity thereof.

On February 12, 2024, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a receivables purchase agreement with BR Exar, LLC (“BREL”), an affiliate of B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC (as subsequently amended on February 29, 2024, March 29, 2024, March 31, 2024, April 24, 2024, May 24, 2024, June 25, 2024, July 29, 2024, August 13, 2024, August 30, 2024, September 27, 2024, October 30, 2024, November 26, 2024 and December 30, 2024 (the “BR Exar AR Facility”). The Company received an aggregate of $58.8 million, net of legal and other fees of $0.5 million, under the BR Exar AR Facility. Under the terms of the BR Exar AR Facility, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries agreed to sell certain existing receivables and all of their future receivables to BREL until such time as BREL shall have collected $65.3 million, net of any costs, expenses or other amounts paid to or owing to the buyer under the agreement. BREL collected $57.5 million under the BR Exar AR Facility during the period from February 2024 to December 2024. As of December 31, 2024, there was a $7.8 million outstanding balance under the BR Exar AR Facility.

On February 27, 2023, the SPEs and B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC entered into a new Secured Promissory Note (which was subsequently assigned to BRF Finance) pursuant to which B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC agreed to lend up to $35.0 million secured by a second lien pledge of the Securitization Borrower (the “Second Lien Note”). The Second Lien Note is scheduled to mature on June 17, 2025 and bears interest at a per annum rate of one-month Term SOFR plus 7.5%. The SPEs are party to the Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement, thus the transactions necessitated amendments to that agreement and related documents to permit the addition of subordinated debt and additional borrowing capacity into that transaction structure, in addition to providing for a $5.0 million fee to the lenders for facilitating the transaction.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased $6.0 million principal amount of the Second Lien Note for a net cash consideration of $6.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, there were borrowings of $25.5 million outstanding under the Second Lien Note payable at maturity.

On June 17, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and restated receivables purchase agreement (as amended, the “Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement”) under an existing $150.0 million securitization facility (the “Securitization Facility”) among certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, Exela Receivables 3, LLC (the “Securitization Borrower”), Exela Receivables 3 Holdco, LLC (the “Securitization Parent SPE,” and together with the Securitization Borrower, the “SPEs”) and certain global financial institutions (the “Purchasers”). The Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement extended the term of the Securitization Facility such that the SPEs may sell certain accounts receivable to the Purchasers until June 17, 2025. Under the Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement, transfers of accounts receivable from the SPEs are treated as sales and are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable, because the agreement transfers effective control over and risk related to the accounts receivable to the Purchasers. The Company and related subsidiaries have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities, and, once sold, the accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors of the Company, the operating subsidiaries of the Company that agreed to sell receivables in connection with the Securitization Facility (the “Securitization Originators”), or any other relevant subsidiaries.

We may, from time to time explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions, which may include joint ventures, as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds will likely be required. Subject to applicable contractual restrictions, to obtain such financing, we may seek to use cash on hand, or we may seek to raise additional debt or equity financing through private placements or through underwritten offerings. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all.

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates. Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described below to provide a better understanding of how we develop our assumptions and judgments about future events and related estimations and how they can impact our financial statements. A critical accounting estimate is one that requires subjective or complex estimates and assessments, and is fundamental to our results of operations. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We believe the current assumptions, judgments and estimates used to determine amounts reflected in our combined and consolidated financial statements are appropriate; however, actual results may differ under different conditions. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our combined and consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this document.

Goodwill and other intangible assets: Goodwill and other intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair values. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Our goodwill at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $39.7 million and $147.5 million, respectively. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized either on a straight-line basis over the asset’s estimated useful life or on a basis that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are realized.

Impairment of goodwill, long-lived and other intangible assets: Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of their carrying amount to the estimated undiscounted cash flows to be generated by those assets. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, we record impairment losses for the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value. Fair value is determined, in part, by the estimated cash flows to be generated by those assets. Our cash flow estimates are based upon, among other things, historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market rates, and operating performance. Development of future cash flows also requires us to make assumptions and to apply judgment, including timing of future expected cash flows, using the appropriate discount rates, and determining salvage values. The estimate of fair value represents our best estimates of these factors, and is subject to variability. Assets are generally grouped at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows, which is the reporting unit level for us. Changes to our key assumptions related to future performance and other economic factors could adversely affect our impairment valuation.

We conduct our annual goodwill impairment tests on October 1st of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. When performing the annual impairment test, we have the option of performing a qualitative or quantitative assessment to determine if an impairment has occurred. If a qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we would be required to perform a quantitative impairment test for goodwill. A quantitative test requires comparison of fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. We generally use a combination of the Guideline Public Company Method of the Market Approach and the Discounted Cash Flow Method of the Income Approach to determine the reporting unit fair value. For the Guideline Public Company Method, our annual impairment test utilizes valuation multiples of publicly traded peer companies. For the Discounted Cash Flow Method, our annual impairment test utilizes discounted cash flow projections using market participant weighted average cost of capital calculation. If the fair value of goodwill at the reporting unit level is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. We conducted our annual goodwill impairment test for year 2024 on October 1, 2024 and concluded that there was impairment in our goodwill. In connection with the completion of the annual impairment test as of October 1, 2024, the Company recorded impairment charge of $108.5 million to goodwill relating to ITPS and HS. We conducted our annual goodwill impairment test for year 2023 on October 1, 2023 and concluded that there was no impairment in our goodwill and other intangible assets during the year.

Revenue: We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of our material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services within each of our segments. We do not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided. Refer to Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the combined and consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for additional information regarding our revenue recognition policy.

The provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which was enacted into law in 2017, has had a significant impact to the Company due to reduction in the corporate tax rate, imposition of a territorial tax regime and the limitation of the deduction of business interest.

Deferred income taxes are recognized on the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable in future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities, as determined under tax laws and rates. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Due to numerous ownership changes, we are subject to limitations on existing net operating losses under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. In the event we determine that we would be able to realize deferred tax assets that have valuation allowances established, an adjustment to the net deferred tax assets would be recognized as a component of income tax expense through continuing operations.

We may engage in transactions in which the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty and examination by the varying taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required by us in assessing and estimating the tax consequences of these transactions. While our tax returns are prepared and based on our interpretation of tax laws and regulations, in the normal course of business the tax returns are subject to examination by the various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future assessments of additional tax, interest and penalties. For purposes of our income tax provision, a tax benefit is not recognized if the tax position is not more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits. Considerable judgment is involved in determining which tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained.

We have audited the accompanying combined and consolidated balance sheets of Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, Subsidiaries and Affiliates (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related combined and consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholder’s deficit, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes and exhibit (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the combined and consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the combined and consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the combined and consolidated financial statements, the Company has experienced recurring losses and has filed for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with the auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

As discussed in Notes 2 and 9 to the financial statements, goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. Goodwill is impaired if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated by management using a combination of the discounted cash flow method and the guideline public company method. The Company’s goodwill balance was $39.7 million as of December 31, 2024, and the goodwill impairment recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024 was approximately $108.5 million.

We identified the evaluation of goodwill impairment as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgements exercised by management in performing the goodwill impairment analysis. This required a high degree of auditor judgement and an increase in audit effort to perform procedures and evaluate audit evidence related to certain assumptions used in the discounted cash flow method, including forecasted revenue, and gross margins for the operating segments.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence, in connection with forming our overall opinion on the financial statements. These procedures included, among others, (i) obtaining an understanding of management’s process and evaluating the design of controls over the goodwill impairment process; (ii) evaluating the model used by management; (iii) evaluating the forecasted results of operations by comparing them to historical results for each of the reporting units and assessing forecasted growth assumptions; and (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of the information used by management. We also involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in evaluating the discount rates, performed sensitivity analyses over the forecasted gross margin and discount rates to assess the impact of changes on the Company’s fair value estimates for the reporting units.

The accompanying notes and exhibit are an integral part of these combined and consolidated financial statements.

Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed on June 7, 2017, along with its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively the “Company”, the “Business” or “BPA”) is a global provider of transaction processing solutions, enterprise information management, document management and digital business process services. Refer to Exhibit: List of BPA Subsidiaries and Affiliates for the list of all legal entities included in the Business. The Business provides mission-critical information and transaction processing solutions services to clients across three major industry verticals: (1) Information & Transaction Processing, (2) Healthcare Solutions, and (3) Legal and Loss Prevention Services. The Company manages information and document driven business processes and offers solutions and services to fulfill specialized knowledge-based processing and consulting requirements, enabling clients to concentrate on their core competencies. Through its outsourcing solutions, the Company enables businesses to streamline their internal and external communications and workflows.

On April 16, 2025 the Company entered into a Plan Support Agreement (as amended, and as may be amended, modified, or supplemented, the “Plan Support Agreement”) with an ad hoc group of holders of the Debtors’ 11.5% secured notes due April and July 2026 (the “Ad Hoc Group”), Exela Technologies, Inc. (“Exela” or “Parent”), certain non-Debtor subsidiaries of Exela (together with Exela, the “Consenting Exela Entities”), and the other parties thereto. The parties to the Plan Support Agreement have agreed, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, to support the Company’s reorganization plan in their Chapter 11 Cases. The Plan Support Agreement also reflects a global and comprehensive settlement reached in the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases among the Debtors and various stakeholders of the Company. Each of the parties to the Plan Support Agreement have agreed to take all commercially reasonable actions necessary and appropriate to facilitate the Company’s restructuring and complete the restructuring transactions contemplated under the Plan Support Agreement.

On May 7, 2025, the Company filed a plan of reorganization (the “Plan”) reflecting the proposed restructuring transaction contemplated under the Plan Support Agreement. The Company received conditional approval of its disclosure statement allowing the Company to proceed with soliciting votes on the Plan from those creditors who are entitled to vote on the Plan. The Bankruptcy Court held a hearing on June 23, 2025 to consider final approval of the disclosure statement and confirmation of the Plan. After the conclusion of the hearing, the Bankruptcy Court approved the disclosure statement and confirmed the Plan and entered the confirmation order. Under the terms of the Plan Support Agreement, the Company has a milestone of fourteen (14) days after the Bankruptcy Court confirms the Plan to emerge from Chapter 11.

The material terms of the restructuring transactions contemplated under the Plan are set forth below. Capitalized terms used below but not defined herein have the meanings given such terms in the Plan. The below description of the Plan is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Plan.

The restructuring is expected to reduce the Debtors’ funded debt obligations from a total of approximately $1.383 billion to approximately $367.0 million upon emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Although the Debtors intend to pursue the Restructuring in accordance with the terms set forth in the Plan, there can be no assurance that the Debtors will be successful in completing the Restructuring or consummating the Plan, on different terms or at all.

The Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Management’s evaluation does not initially take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued.

In performing this evaluation, the Company concluded that the following conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern:

The Company’ plans with respect to this uncertainty include the following actions to improve its available cash balances, liquidity or cash generated from operations:

In March 2025, the Company entered into a debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) financing agreement totaling $185.0 million. The DIP facility consists of a total of $80.0 million in new money loans (the “DIP New Money Loans”) and $105.0 million in “rolled-up” prepetition notes (the “DIP Roll-up Loans”, together with the DIP New Money Loan, the “DIP Facility”). The DIP Facility is critical for the Company’s operations during the Chapter 11 proceedings and its restructuring process. As of June 10, 2025, BPA has borrowed $80.0 million in the DIP New Money Loans and pursuant to that converted $105.0 million of prepetition notes in the DIP Roll-up Loans.

In March 2025, the Business through certain of its affiliates and subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy with the intention to restructure its debt (as described above). The Company expects to receive approval of its restructuring plan and emerge from bankruptcy in the near term. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will emerge from bankruptcy or operate profitably if it is successful in restructuring and emerging from bankruptcy, which could result in liquidation. The combined and consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As such, the combined and consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities, and reported expenses that may be necessary if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern.

As a result of the Chapter 11 filing, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities are subject to uncertainty. We may sell or otherwise dispose of or liquidate assets or settle liabilities, subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court or as otherwise permitted in the ordinary course of business, for amounts other than those reflected in these combined and consolidated financial statements. Further, the plan of reorganization could materially change the amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities reported in these combined and consolidated financial statements.

The following is a summary of the significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying combined and consolidated financial statements.

Throughout the period covered by the combined and consolidated financial statements, the Business operated as part of Exela. All of the membership interests in BPA are held by Exela. Consequently, stand-alone financial statements have not historically been prepared for the Business. The accompanying combined and consolidated financial statements have been prepared from Exela’s historical accounting records and are presented on a stand-alone basis as if the Business’ operations had been conducted independently from Exela. The operations of the Business are in various legal entities either with a direct ownership relationship or affiliate relationship through the Parent. Accordingly, Exela and its subsidiaries’ net parent investment in these operations is shown in lieu of a statement of member’s equity in the combined and consolidated financial statements. The combined and consolidated financial statements, related notes and exhibit to the combined and consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).

The combined and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss include all revenues and costs directly attributable to BPA, including costs for facilities, functions and services used by BPA. Costs for certain functions and services delivered by Exela are directly charged to BPA based on specific identification when possible or based on a reasonable allocation driver or other allocation methods. Current and deferred income taxes have been determined based on the stand-alone results of BPA. However, because the Business filed as part of Exela’s tax group in certain jurisdictions, the Business’ actual tax balances may differ from those reported. The Business’ portion of its domestic and certain income taxes for jurisdictions outside the United States are deemed to have been settled in the period the related tax expense was recorded.

All intercompany transactions and balances within the Business have been eliminated. The combined and consolidated financial statements of the Business include assets and liabilities that have been determined to be specifically identifiable or otherwise attributable to the Business. Transactions with affiliated companies owned by Exela or its subsidiaries which are not a part of the Business are reflected as related party transactions.

All of the allocations and estimates in the combined and consolidated financial statements are based on assumptions that management of Exela believes are reasonable. However, the combined and consolidated financial statements included herein may not be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Business in the future or if the Business had been a separate, stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

Actual costs that would have been incurred if BPA had been a stand-alone business would depend on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic decisions.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of the Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements

Estimates and judgments relied upon in preparing these combined and consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, allowance for expected credit losses, equity-based compensation, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, employee benefits, contingencies, goodwill, intangible assets, right of use assets and obligation, pension obligations, pension assets, and asset and liability valuations. The Business regularly assesses these estimates and records changes in estimates in the period in which they become known. The Business bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that the Business believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Management has chosen to organize the Company around three major verticals based on combination of specialized product and service offerings and industry focused solutions.

1. Information & Transaction Processing Solutions (“ITPS”). ITPS provides industry-specific solutions for banking and financial services, including lending solutions for mortgages and auto loans, and banking solutions for clearing, anti-money laundering, sanctions, and interbank cross-border settlement; property and casualty insurance solutions for origination, enrollments, claims processing, and benefits administration communications; public sector solutions for income tax processing, benefits administration and record management; multi-industry solutions for payment processing and reconciliation, integrated receivables and payables management, document logistics and location services, records management and electronic storage of data, documents; and software, hardware, professional services and maintenance related to information and transaction processing automation, among others.

2. Healthcare Solutions (“HS”). HS offerings include revenue cycle solutions, integrated accounts payable and accounts receivable, and information management for both the healthcare payer and provider markets. Payer service offerings include claims processing, claims adjudication and auditing services, enrollment processing and policy management, and scheduling and prescription management. Provider service offerings include medical coding and insurance claim generation, underpayment audit and recovery, and medical records management.

3. Legal and Loss Prevention Services (“LLPS”). LLPS solutions include processing of legal claims for class action and mass action settlement administrations, involving project management support, notification and outreach to claimants, collection, analysis and distribution of settlement funds. Additionally, LLPS provides data and analytical services in the context of litigation consulting, economic and statistical analysis, expert witness services, and revenue recovery services for delinquent accounts receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash deposited with financial institutions and liquid investments acquired with maturity dates equal to or less than three months. All bank deposits and money market accounts are considered cash and cash equivalents. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at major financial institutions, which often exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses due to bank depository concentration.

Certificates of deposit and fixed deposits whose maturity, when acquired, is greater than three months and one year or less are classified as short-term investments, and certificates of deposit and fixed deposits whose maturity is greater than one year at the balance sheet date are classified as non-current assets in the combined and consolidated balance sheets. the purchase of any certificates of deposit or fixed deposits that are classified as short-term investments or non-current assets appear in the investing section of the combined and consolidated statements of cash flows.

Restricted cash is the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents which are restricted under contract or otherwise as to withdrawal or usage. These include deposits held as compensating balances against obligation for claim payment or under agreements entered into with others, but exclude compensating balance arrangements that do not legally restrict the use of cash amounts shown on the balance sheet.

As part of the Company’s legal claims processing service, the Company holds cash for various settlement funds. Some of the cash is used to pay tax obligations and other liabilities of the settlement funds. The Company has recorded a liability for the settlement funds received, which is included in obligation for claim payment in the combined and consolidated balance sheets, of $70.8 million and $67.0 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoice amount less allowances for expected credit losses. Revenue that has been earned but remains unbilled at the end of the period is recorded as a component of accounts receivable, net. The Company specifically analyzes accounts receivable mainly based on customer type and related aging schedules, historical collection experience, current and future economic and market condition to estimate the probability of default in the future when evaluating the adequacy of its allowance for expected credit losses. The Company writes off accounts receivable balances against the allowances for expected credit losses, net of any amounts recorded in deferred revenue, when it becomes probable that the receivable will not be collected.

Our inventories primarily include toner, paper stock, envelopes and postage supplies. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable values and include the cost of raw materials, labor, and purchased subassemblies. Cost is determined using the weighted average method.

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method (which approximates the use of the assets) over the estimated useful lives of the assets. When these assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related depreciation is relieved, and any gain or loss is included in the combined and consolidated statements of operations for the period of sale or disposal. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lease term or the useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Customer relationship intangible assets represent customer contracts and relationships obtained as part of acquired businesses. Customer relationship values are estimated by evaluating various factors including historical attrition rates, contractual provisions and customer growth rates, among others. The estimated average useful lives of customer relationships range from 4 to 16 years depending on facts and circumstances. These intangible assets are primarily amortized based on their estimated useful life. The Company evaluates the remaining useful life of intangible assets on an annual basis to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining useful life.

The Company has determined that its trade name intangible assets are indefinite-lived assets and therefore are not subject to amortization. Trade names are tested for impairment as per the Company’s policy for impairment of indefinite-lived assets.

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred to develop software products to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed after establishing technological feasibility in accordance with ASC section 985-20, Software—Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed, and the Company capitalizes costs to develop or purchase internal-use software in accordance with ASC section 350-40, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software. Significant estimates and assumptions include determining the appropriate period over which to amortize the capitalized costs based on estimated useful lives and estimating the marketability of the commercial software products and related future revenues. The Company amortizes capitalized software costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, which is typically 3 to 5 years.

Costs of outsourcing contracts, including costs incurred for bid and proposal activities, are generally expensed as incurred. However, certain costs incurred upon initiation of an outsourcing contract are deferred and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated contract term. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment activities and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and set-up/fulfillment costs. Contract fulfillment costs are capitalized only if they are directly attributable to a specifically anticipated future contract; represent the enhancement of resources that will be used in satisfying a future performance obligation (the services under the anticipated contract); and are expected to be recovered.

The Company conducts its annual indefinite-lived assets impairment tests on October 1^st of each year for its indefinite-lived assets, including trade names, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. When performing the impairment test, the Company has the option of performing a qualitative or quantitative assessment to determine if an impairment has occurred. A quantitative assessment requires comparison of fair value of the asset to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the indefinite-lived assets exceeds fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss by an amount which is equal to the excess of carrying value over fair value. The Company utilizes the Income Approach, specifically the Relief-from-Royalty method, which has the basic tenet that a user of that intangible asset would have to make a stream of payments to the owner of the asset in return for the rights to use that asset. Refer to Note 9- Intangible Assets and Goodwill for additional discussion of impairment of trade names.

The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets, including finite-lived customer relationships, developed technology, capitalized software costs, outsourced contract costs, acquired software, and property, plant and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of such asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. The primary measure of fair value is based on discounted cash flows based in part on the financial results and the expectation of future performance.

The Company did not record any material impairment related to its property, plant, and equipment, customer relationships, developed technology, capitalized software cost or outsourced contract costs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over tangible and intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed arising from business combinations. Goodwill is generally allocated to reporting units based upon relative fair value (taking into consideration other factors such as synergies) when an acquired business is integrated into multiple reporting units. The Company’s reporting units are at the operating segment level, for which discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by management. When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.

The Company conducts its annual goodwill impairment tests on October 1st of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. When performing the annual impairment test, the Company has the option of performing a qualitative or quantitative assessment to determine if an impairment has occurred. If a qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company would be required to perform a quantitative impairment analysis for goodwill. The quantitative analysis requires a comparison of fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company uses a combination of the Guideline Public Company Method of the Market Approach and the Discounted Cash Flow Method of the Income Approach to determine the reporting unit fair value. Refer to Note 9- Intangible Assets and Goodwill for additional discussion of the consideration of impairment of goodwill.

The Company determines if a contract is, or contains, a lease at contract inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, current portion of finance lease liabilities and finance lease liabilities, net of current portion in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In addition, ROU assets include initial direct costs incurred by the lessee as well as any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, and exclude lease incentives. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company use the implicit rate when readily determinable. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with a term of one year or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Finance lease ROU assets are amortized over the lease term or the useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter. The amortization of finance lease ROU assets is recorded in depreciation expense in the combined and consolidated statements of operations. For operating leases, the Company recognize expense for lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company doesn’t have its own stock-based compensation plan, however it utilizes its Parent’s stock compensation plans to award restricted stock units and stock options linked to Parent’s common stock to its employees. The Company accounts for all equity-classified awards under Parent’s stock-based compensation plans at their “fair value”. This fair value is measured at the fair value of the awards at the grant date and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of the awards on the grant date is determined using the stock price on the respective grant date in the case of restricted stock units and using an option pricing model in the case of stock options. The expense resulting from share-based payments is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying combined and consolidated statements of operations.

The Company accounts for revenue by first evaluating whether a performance obligation exists. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services within each of the Company’s segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

The Company’s primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. The Company’s obligation to its customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. The Company allocates the variable fees to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which the Company has the contractual right to bill under the contract.

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region and by segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Accounts receivable, net includes $13.5 million and $12.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing amounts earned but not billed to customers. The Company has accrued the unbilled receivables for work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue of $5.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2023. The Company recognized revenue of $11.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 that had been deferred as of January 1, 2023.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. The Company recognized $0.6 million and $0.9 million amortization for these costs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, within depreciation and amortization expense in the Company’s combined and consolidated statements of operations. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the Company recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in its contracts and identify each distinct performance obligation. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of the Company’s business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which the Company estimates its expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. The Company also uses the adjusted market approach whereby it estimates the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, the Company considers the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of the Company’s software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, the Company analyzes, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable consideration. The nature of the Company’s contracts gives rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. The Company estimates these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its estimates of variable consideration.

The Company includes reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

In accordance with optional exemptions available under GAAP, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where the Company receives a fixed monthly fee in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2024 in each of the future periods below:

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. Research and development costs expensed for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The Business is included in the Exela’s consolidated income tax return. The Business accounts for income taxes as if it files as stand-alone tax payer. The Business accounts for income taxes by using the asset and liability method. The Business accounts for income taxes regarding uncertain tax positions and recognized interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Deferred income taxes are recognized on the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable in future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities, as determined under tax laws and rates. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Business did not consider future book income as a source of taxable income when assessing if a portion of the deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. However, scheduling the reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities indicated that a portion of the deferred tax assets are likely to be realized. Therefore, partial valuation allowances were established against a portion of the Business’ deferred tax assets. In the event the Business determines that it would be able to realize deferred tax assets that have valuation allowances established, an adjustment to the net deferred tax assets would be recognized as a component of income tax expense through continuing operations.

The Business engages in transactions (i.e. acquisitions) in which the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty and examination by the varying taxing authorities. Therefore, judgment is required by the Business in assessing and estimating the tax consequences of these transactions. While the tax returns are prepared and based on the Business’ interpretation of tax laws and regulations, in the normal course of business the tax returns are subject to examination by the various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future assessments of additional tax, interest and penalties. For purposes of the Business’ income tax provision, a tax benefit is not recognized if the tax position is not more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits. Considerable judgment is involved in determining which tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Refer to Note 12 – Income Taxes for further information.

The Company reviews the status of each significant matter, if any, and assesses its potential financial exposure considering all available information including, but not limited to, the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other updated information and events pertaining to a particular matter. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. Judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to loss contingencies, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability related to its pending claims and litigation, and may revise its estimates. These revisions in the estimates of the potential liabilities could have a material impact on the results of operations and financial position of the Company. The Company’s liabilities exclude any estimates for legal costs not yet incurred associated with handling these matters.

A portion of the Company’s labor and operations is situated outside of the United States in India and other locations. The carrying value of long-lived assets that are situated outside of the United States is approximately $13.3 million and $13.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The functional currency for the Company’s production operations located in India, Philippines and Mexico is the United States dollar. Included in other expense as sundry expense (income), net in the combined and consolidated statements of operations are net exchange gains of $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company has determined that its international subsidiaries based in Canada, Costa Rica, China, UK and two subsidiaries in India have their local currency as functional currency. These assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date while income and expense amounts are translated at average exchange rates during the period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are disclosed as a separate component of other comprehensive loss.

The Company records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value as the price received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, not on assumptions specific to the entity.

Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability at fair value.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents and certain other financial instruments with highly rated financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution. From time to time, the Company assesses the credit worthiness of its customers. Credit risk on trade receivables is minimized because of the large number of entities comprising the Company’s client base and their dispersion across many industries and geographic areas. The Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from any individual customer or groups of customers. The Company does not require collateral. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company’s accounts receivable, net. The Company does not have any customers that account for 10% or more of the total consolidated revenues.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements that clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with common control leases by requiring that leasehold improvements associated with common control leases be amortized by the lessee over the useful life of the leasehold improvements to the common control group (regardless of the lease term), as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease. Additionally, leasehold improvements associated with common control leases should be accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity, if, and when, the lessee no longer controls the use of the underlying asset. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires retrospective disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. Additionally, it requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The Company has provided the required disclosure after adopting this standard.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2024-04, Debt-Debt with Conversions and Other Option (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which amends ASC 470-20 to clarify the requirements related to accounting for the settlement of a debt instrument as an induced conversion. This ASU is intended to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20 for (a) convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features and (b) debt instruments that are not currently convertible. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its combined and consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASC 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the consolidated statement of operations. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for periods after the effective date of this ASU or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on the combined and consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires an annual tabular effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure including information for specified categories and jurisdiction levels, as well as, disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state/local, and significant foreign jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. For non-public business entities, the amendments will be effective for annual periods starting after December 15, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its combined and consolidated financial statements.

On June 8, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its high-speed scanner business, which was a part of its ITPS segment (as defined in Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies), for a purchase price of approximately $30.1 million. The sale of the high-speed scanner business does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. As a result of this transaction, the Company disposed of $16.5 million of goodwill based on the relative fair value of the high-speed scanner business to the total fair value of the ITPS reporting unit. This transaction resulted in a total pre-tax gain of $7.2 million included in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the combined and consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. Per the terms of the sales agreement, the Company may receive additional cash consideration (“Contingent Consideration”) upon the future occurrence of certain earn-out events described in the sales agreement. The Contingent Consideration, if any, will be recognized in the period the earn-out event occurs, and the Contingent Consideration is realizable.

Unbilled receivables represent balances recognized as revenue that have not been billed to the customer. The Company’s allowance for credit losses is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment. Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may occur based on market conditions or specific client circumstances.

The Company leases numerous facilities worldwide with larger concentrations of space in Texas, Michigan, Connecticut, California, India, Mexico and the Philippines. The Company’s facilities house general offices, sales offices, service locations, and production facilities. Substantially all of the Company’s operations facilities are leased under long-term leases with varying expiration dates, except for the few owned locations. The Company regularly obtains various machinery, equipment, vehicles and furniture on leases. The machinery and equipment leases mainly include leasing of computers, servers, other IT equipment, mailing system, production equipment, generators, office equipment, printers, copiers and miscellaneous warehouse equipment.

The Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 recorded on the combined and consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

The interest on financing lease liabilities was $1.8 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amortization expense on finance lease ROU assets was $4.7 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Maturities of finance and operating lease liabilities based on lease term for the next five years are as follows:

Consolidated rental expense for all operating leases was $30.1 million and $36.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table summarizes the cash paid and related ROU operating finance or operating lease recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Property, plant, and equipment, which include assets recorded under finance leases, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and amortization, and consist of the following:

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $16.0 million and $16.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less amortization and impairment and consist of the following:

Aggregate amortization expense related to intangible assets was $34.3 million and $40.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Estimated intangibles amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter consists of the following:

On October 1, 2024, the Company conducted its annual impairment test along with an update to its long-range plan. Following the completion of that process, the Company made an evaluation based on factors such as changes in the Company’s growth rate, recent negative trends in the Company’s operating cash flows and operating margins and an urgent need for financial restructuring to susbtain the business operations, concluding that an impairment analysis is required. Revised long-term projections coupled with a decline in the operating margins and operating cash flows, resulted in lower than previously projected long-term future cash flows for the reporting units which reduced the estimated fair value to below carrying value. For 2024 annual impairment testing we used the Discounted Cash Flow Method of the Income Approach to determine the reporting unit fair value as the Guideline Public Company Method of the Market Approach was not considered appropriate. For the Discounted Cash Flow Method, our annual impairment test utilized discounted cash flow projections using market participant weighted average cost of capital calculation. In connection with the completion of the annual impairment test, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $108.5 million to goodwill relating to ITPS and HS. During 2023, the Company recorded no impairment charge to goodwill and trade names.

The impairment charges are included within impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets in the combined and consolidated statements of operations.

Disclosure under this footnote should be read in conjunction with chapter 11 reorganization disclosure included under Note 1, Description of the Business.

On July 11, 2023, the Issuers, certain guarantors and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, entered into an indenture (the “April 2026 Notes Indenture”) governing the 11.5% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes scheduled to mature April 15, 2026 (the “April 2026 Notes”), and the Issuers issued approximately $1,017.0 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as consideration for the exchange of $1,271.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Issuers’ existing July 2026 Notes pursuant to a public exchange offer (the “2023 Exchange”), which was equivalent to issuing $800 of the April 2026 Notes per $1,000 principal amount of the existing July 2026 Notes. The Company performed an assessment of the 2023 Exchange and determined that it met the criteria to be accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring under GAAP. The Company recorded of $205.5 million of premium on exchange of notes as part of the 2023 Exchange, which is being reduced following effective interest rate method as contractual interest payments are made on the April 2026 Notes. In addition, on July 11, 2023, the Issuers issued approximately $65.1 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes in exchange of other indebtedness.

The Senior Secured Term Loan contains customary events of default, cross-default provisions, affirmative and negative covenants, including limitation on the Company’s and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to create, incur or allow certain liens; enter into sale and lease-back transactions; make any restricted payments; undergo fundamental changes, as well as certain financial covenants. The cross-default provisions are triggered if the Parent, borrower, affiliates, or significant subsidiaries defaults on any debt that is greater than $25.0 million if the effect of such default or event is to (i) accelerate, or to permit the acceleration of, the maturity of such indebtedness; (ii) allow such indebtedness to be declared due and payable or (iii) required such indebtedness to be prepaid (other than by a regularly scheduled required prepayment) or redeemed, in each case, prior to the stated maturity thereof.

Under the BR Exar AR Facility, transfers of accounts receivable from certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are treated as secured borrowings under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing and are not accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreements do not transfer effective control over and risk related to the accounts receivable to BREL. Accordingly, the Company treated total of $0.5 million of legal fee and other expense incurred under the BR Exar AR Facility as debt issuances cost and $5.9 million of difference between the net proceeds received by the Company and total amount collected by BREL under the BR Exar AR Facility as original issue discount. Debt issuance cost and original issue discount relating to the BR Exar AR Facility are included in interest expense, net in the combined and consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The sales of accounts receivable under the Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement are transacted at 100% of the face value of the relevant accounts receivable, resulting in derecognition of the accounts receivable from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company de-recognized $509.0 million and $522.7 million of accounts receivable under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amount remitted to the Purchasers during fiscal years 2024 and 2023 was $508.2 million and $507.6 million, respectively. Unsold accounts receivable of $26.2 million and $41.2 million were pledged by the SPEs as collateral to the Purchasers as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. These pledged accounts receivables are included in accounts receivable, net in the combined and consolidated balance sheets. The program resulted in a pre-tax loss of $8.9 million and $9.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The fair value of the sold accounts receivable approximated their book value due to their short-term nature. Sold accounts receivable are presented as a change in receivables within operating activities in the combined and consolidated statements of cash flows.

The Company provides for income taxes using an asset and liability approach, under which deferred income taxes are provided for based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable to periods in which the taxes become payable.

For financial reporting purposes, income/ (loss) before income taxes includes the following components:

The provision for federal, state, and foreign income taxes consists of the following:

The differences between income taxes expected by applying the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% and the amount of income taxes provided for are as follows:

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was signed by the President of the United States and enacted into law on December 22, 2017. This overhaul of the US tax law made a number of substantial changes, including the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, establishing a dividends received deduction for dividends paid by foreign subsidiaries to the US, elimination or limitation of certain deductions (interest, domestic production activities and executive compensation), imposing a mandatory tax on previously unrepatriated earnings accumulated offshore since 1986 and establishing global minimum income tax and base erosion tax provisions related to offshore activities and affiliated party payments.

The TCJA subjects a US shareholder to tax on Global Intangible Low-taxed Income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for GILTI, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. The Company has elected the accounting policy to recognize the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense. At December 31 2024, the Company has GILTI inclusion of $0.3 million related to current-year operations.

On July 20, 2020, the U.S. Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service issued Final Regulations which will allow an annual election to exclude from the U.S. tax return certain GILTI amounts when the taxes paid by a foreign affiliate exceed 18.9% (90% of U.S. statutory rate of 21%) of the GILTI amount for that foreign affiliate (the “high-tax exception”). These regulations are effective for the 2023 taxable year with an election to apply to any taxable year beginning after 2017. In many of the countries in which the Company operates there are differences between local tax rules used to determine the tax base and the U.S. tax principles used to determine GILTI. Therefore, while many of the countries have a statutory tax rate above the 18.9% threshold, separate affiliates may not meet the 18.9% threshold each year and, as such, may not qualify for this exclusion. The Company plans to make the high-tax exception election for the 2024 tax year resulting in a GILTI inclusion of $0.3 million for the 2024 tax year. Additionally, the Company made the high-tax exception election for 2023 on its 2023 tax returns.

Beginning in 2018, the TCJA also subjects a U.S. shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation to current tax on certain payments from corporations subject to US tax to related foreign persons, also referred to as base erosion and anti-abuse tax ("BEAT"). The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act eliminates the deduction of certain base-erosion payments made to related foreign corporations and impose a minimum tax if greater than regular tax. The Company has recorded no tax liability related to BEAT for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Gross deferred tax assets are reduced by valuation allowances to the extent the Company determines it is not more-likely-than-not the deferred tax assets are expected to be realized. At December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $416.2 million of valuation allowances against gross deferred tax assets primarily related to net operating loss, tax credit carryforwards, disallowed interest expense carryforwards and deferred tax assets relating to temporary differences. Of this amount, approximately $1.9 million of the total valuation allowance relates to state limitations on the utilization of net operating loss carryforward due to numerous changes in ownership. Approximately $222.5 million and $31.7 million of the total valuation allowance relates to U.S. federal and state disallowed interest deductions pursuant to the TCJA. The remaining $157.9 million of the valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets associated with temporary differences.

The net change during the year in the total valuation allowance was an increase of $32.3 million primarily related to the increase of deferred tax assets related to disallowed interest deduction.

Under the debt buy-back program a substantial amount of the Company’s debt was extinguished. Absent an exception, a debtor recognizes cancelation of debt income (“CODI”) upon discharge of its outstanding indebtedness for an amount of consideration that is less than the outstanding debt. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the Code), provides that a debtor may exclude CODI from taxable income to the extent the entity is insolvent, but must reduce certain of its tax attributes by the amount of CODI. The Company determined that the level of its insolvency at June 12, 2023 was below the indicated amount of CODI resulting from the debt exchange. For the year ended December 31, 2024 the amount of CODI was $780.0 million, of which $54.0 Million was included in the current year taxable income and $726.0 million was excluded from taxable income, resulting in the elimination of $502 million gross federal and state net operating losses. For the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company excluded $8.7 million of CODI from taxable income and reduced the gross U.S. federal net operating loss by the corresponding amount.

Included in deferred tax assets are state net operating loss carryforwards, and state tax credit carryforwards due to expire beginning in 2025 through 2041. As of December 31, 2024, there are state income tax net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $284.3 million, which will expire at various dates from 2025 through 2043, and $0 million of federal NOLs and $73.1 million of state NOLs that carry forward indefinitely. Such NOL carryforwards expire as follows:

As of December 31, 2024, the Company does not have any foreign net operating loss carryforwards.

The Company adopted the provision of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes in the Topic of the ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions in the Company's financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on tax returns. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, is $3.5 million and $2.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are $3.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of tax benefits that, if recognized, would benefit the effective tax rate. Total accrued interest and penalties recorded on the combined and consolidated balance sheet were $4.7 million and $3.9 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the combined and consolidated statement of operations at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:

The Business is included in Exela’s U.S. federal and consolidated state income tax returns. In addition, the Business files income tax returns in various state and foreign jurisdictions. The statute of limitations for U.S. purposes is open for tax years ending on or after December 31, 2018. State jurisdictions that remain subject to examination are not considered significant. The Business has significant foreign operations in India and EMEA. The Business may be subject to examination by the India tax authorities for tax periods ending on or after March 31, 2014.

At December 31, 2024, the Company maintains its prior indefinite reinvestment assertion on undistributed earnings related to certain foreign subsidiaries. Accordingly, no deferred taxes have been provided for withholding taxes or other taxes that would result upon repatriation of approximately $32.6 million of undistributed earnings from these foreign subsidiaries as those earnings continue to be permanently reinvested. However, the Company does not indefinitely reinvest earnings in Canada, China, India, Mexico and Philippines. The Company recorded $9.8 million and $9.1 million of foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings of these jurisdictions as at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded $0.7 million deferred expense and $1.2 million of deferred expense in the combined and consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The foreign withholding taxes deferred expense recorded in the current year is attributable to the current year undistributed earnings.

The Company is, from time to time, involved in certain legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, management does not believe these actions will have a material, adverse effect on the Company’s combined and consolidated balance sheets, combined and consolidated statements of operations or combined and consolidated statements of cash flows.

On October 24, 2018, HOV Services, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company (“HOV Services”), filed a lawsuit against ASG Technologies Group, Inc. (“ASG”) that sought to terminate the renewal of licensing agreement between the parties. HOV Services alleged that the licensing agreement was renewed under duress and brought claims against ASG under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1030 et seq., the Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2701 et seq., and various common law doctrines. ASG subsequently brought counterclaims asserting breach of contract and other allegations. On February 27, 2024, a judge granted ASG’s motion for directed verdict on its breach of contract claim and awarded ASG $2.5 million in damages plus interest. On February 29, 2024, the jury found in favor of ASG on all remaining claims and awarded ASG damages in the amount of approximately $0.7 million plus interest, for a total award of approximately $4.7 million in the case. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company accrued $5.1 million and $4.7 million for this matter included in accrued liabilities on the combined and consolidated balance sheets. On December 31, 2024, the parties entered into a settlement agreement under which the Company agreed to pay a total of $5.1 million over three (3) equal installments starting in January 2025 to fully resolve this matter. On January 3, 2025, the Company paid the first installment of $1.7 million. The remaining two outstanding installments are subject to authorization as part of Chapter 11 Case proceedings under the Bankruptcy Court as referred in Note 1, Description of the Business.

During the second half of 2022, the Company experienced a network security incident (the “2022 Network Outage”) impacting certain of the Company’s operational and information technology systems. As a result of the 2022 Network Outage, the Company experienced lost revenue and incurred certain incremental costs. The Company had reduced its revenue for 2022 by the estimated settlement amount of the incident-related customer claims and recorded an accrued liability for the claims payable to customers. A total of $1.9 million and $3.0 million that may be payable to customers to settle customer claims are recorded as customer payables in accrued liabilities on its combined and consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received insurance recoveries of $1.2 million for the legal counsel costs incurred during 2022 which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the combined and consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.

On August 29, 2023, the Company submitted a claim to its insurers for $44.6 million in covered losses related to the 2022 Network Outage (the “August 2023 Claim”). During the year 2023, the Company received insurance proceeds of $10.8 million in respect of business interruption claims from its underlying and first excess carriers and recorded the resulting gain within selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the combined and consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and included in net cash provided by operating activities in the combined and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023. On April 17, 2024, the Company commenced an action (the “Insurance Lawsuit”) against two excess-layer insurers (collectively, the “Second Excess Insurers”) seeking a declaratory judgment and alleging breach of contract and bad faith for failing to pay out their share of losses connected to the August 2023 Claim. On August 9, 2024, the Company settled its claim against one of the Second Excess Insurers for $3.6 million, and on October 15, 2024, the Company settled its claim against the other Second Excess Insurers for $3.6 million (less amounts already paid). The Company recorded the gain from insurance claims settlement proceeds of $7.2 million within selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the combined and consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 and included in net cash provided by operating activities in the combined and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024. On October 8, 2024, the Company moved to amend the complaint (the “Amended Complaint”) to add two additional excess-layer insurers to the Insurance Lawsuit. The Amended Complaint was filed on October 24, 2024. At this time, it is not practicable to render an opinion regarding the outcome of this matter; however, the Company believes it has meritorious claims and plans to vigorously assert them.

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s combined and consolidated balance sheets, combined and consolidated statements of operations or combined and consolidated statements of cash flows.

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including current portion of other debt approximated their fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. Management estimates the fair values of the July 2026 Notes and the April 2026 Notes at approximately 20.0% and 15.0% respectively, of the respective principal balance outstanding as of December 31, 2024. Management estimated the fair values of the July 2026 Notes and the April 2026 Notes at approximately 24.0% and 16.5%, respectively, of the respective principal balance outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The fair values of secured borrowings under the Company’s securitization facility, Second Lien Note and Senior Secured Term Loan are equal to the respective carrying values. Other debt represents the Company’s outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware, software purchases, maintenance and leasehold improvements along with loans and receivables factoring arrangement entered into by subsidiaries of the Company and as such, the cost incurred would approximate fair value. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

The Company determined the fair value of its long-term debt and current portion of long-term debts using Level 2 inputs including the recent issue of the debt, the Company’s credit rating, and the current risk-free rate.

The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The employees of BPA participate in the stock incentive plans of its Parent, Exela Technologies, Inc. Following are descriptions of those plans and activity related to employees of BPA.

On January 17, 2018, the Parent’s 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) became effective. The Parent’s 2018 Plan mainly covers BPA employees. The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance awards, and other stock-based compensation to eligible participants. Exela was initially authorized to issue up to 694 shares of common stock of Exela under the 2018 Plan. On June 27, 2022, the shareholders of Exela approved the Company’s Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Incentive Plan increasing the number of shares of common stock of Exela reserved for issuance from an original 694 shares to 4,462.

On June 13, 2024, the Parent’s 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”) became effective. The Parent’s 2024 Plan mainly covers BPA employees. Under the 2024 Plan, subject to adjustment for certain changes in capitalization or other corporate events, Exela is authorized to issue up to 500,000 shares of Common Stock pursuant to equity-based awards, which may be granted to eligible participants in furtherance of Exela’s broader compensation strategy and philosophy. Awards granted under the 2024 Plan will be granted upon terms approved by Exela’s Compensation Committee and set forth in an award agreement or other evidence of an award. As of December 31, 2024, there were no awards and no shares of common stock of Exela issued under the 2024 Plan.

Under the 2018 Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The vesting period for each option award is established on the grant date, and the options generally expire 10 years from the grant date. Options granted under the 2018 Plan generally require no less than a two or four year ratable vesting period. Stock option activity for the year 2024 is summarized in the following table:

(1) 295 of the outstanding options are exercisable as of December 31, 2024. Exercise prices of all of the outstanding options as of December 31, 2024 were higher than the market price of the shares of the Company. Therefore, aggregate intrinsic value was zero.

As of December 31, 2024, there is no unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards under the 2018 Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company recorded compensation expense of $0.9 million and reversal compensation expense of $0.8 million related to stock option awards under the 2018 Plan awards for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company incurred reimbursable travel expenses to HOVS LLC and HandsOn Fund 4 I, LLC (collectively, and together with certain of their affiliated entities managed by HandsOn Global Management LLC, including such entity, “HGM”) of $0 and less than $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Par Chadha, Parent’s Executive Chairman, Matthew Brown, the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, and Ron Cogburn, and James Reynolds, members of the Parent’s board of directors, are or have been affiliated with HGM. The Parent’s Executive Chairman, Par Chadha is currently affiliated with HGM. Messrs. Cogburn and Reynolds were affiliated with HGM until 2020, and Mr. Brown was affiliated with HGM until 2017.

Pursuant to a master agreement dated January 1, 2015 between Rule 14, LLC and a subsidiary of the Company, the Company incurs marketing fees to Rule 14, LLC, a portfolio company of HGM. Similarly, the Company is party to ten master agreements with entities affiliated with HGM’s managed funds, each of which were entered into during 2015 and 2016. Each master agreement provides the Company with use of certain technology and includes a reseller arrangement pursuant to which the Company is entitled to sell these services to third parties. Any revenue earned by the Company in such third-party sales is shared 75%/25% with each of HGM’s venture affiliates in favor of the Company. The brands Zuma, Athena, Peri, BancMate, Spring, Jet, Teletype, CourtQ and Rewardio are part of the HGM managed funds. The Company has the license to use and resell such brands, as described therein. The Company incurred fees of $7.5 million and $8.6 million relating to these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company earned no revenue from third-party sales under the reseller arrangement for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Certain operating companies lease their operating facilities from HOV RE, LLC and HOV Services Limited, which are affiliates under common control with HGM. The rental expense for these operating leases was $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, HOV Services, Ltd. provides the Company data capture and technology services. The expense recognized for these services was approximately $2.7 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These expenses are included in cost of revenue in the combined and consolidated statements of operations.

On September 1, 2024, the Company, through one of its subsidiaries, entered into a Master Services Agreement with Aideo Technology LLC (the “Aideo”), which is an affiliate under common control with HGM, wherein the Company agreed to provide medical coding services to Aideo. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has recognized $0.1 million of revenue under this agreement. On October 1, 2024, the Company, through one of its subsidiaries, entered into another Master Services Agreement with Aideo wherein the Company agreed to provide the management of Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) hosting services to Aideo. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has recognized less than $0.1 million of revenue under this agreement and received an expense reimbursement of $0.1 million.

On September 1, 2023, the Company, through one of its subsidiaries, entered into a Master Services Agreement (the “DOW Master Services Agreement”) with Doctors of Waikiki LLP (the “DOW”), which is an affiliate under common control with HGM, where the Company could provide services under one or more statement(s) of work (each, a “SOW”) to DOW. Each SOW, together with the terms of the DOW Master Services Agreement, shall be deemed a separate contract that is effective as of date set forth in the SOW. The Company, acting under the first statement of work (SOW-1), provides collection services to DOW to collect past-due medical debts from its patients and insurance companies for which the Company receives a commission of 15% for accounts assigned within one year of the service date and 25% for accounts assigned after one year. Under the second statement of work (SOW-2), the Company manages DOW's insurance billing and denial management for medical bills generated after patients receive treatment from DOW for which the Company invoices $2,000 per month for each full-time employee assigned to the project. For each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recognized less than $0.1 million of income, respectively, under these two (2) SOWs.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $368.8 million and $332.5 million of aggregate principal amount of April 2026 Notes, respectively, are held by Parent group entities. The Company recorded net interest expense of $16.7 million and $25.3 million using effective interest rate method on the April 2026 Notes held by Parent group entities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Pursuant to carve out of BPA as a separate company, cost incurred by Parent group entities to support BPA business has been recharged by Parent group entities. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, BPA reimbursed $8.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, to Parent group entities primarily on account of salaries, legal and professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses.

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (“XBP Europe”) is a subsidiary of Exela and an affiliate of BPA. Historically, XBP Europe has been managed and operated in the ordinary course of business with other affiliates of the Company. Given below are the transactions that occurred with XBP Europe during 2024 and 2023.

Sales: During the historical periods presented, the Company sold high-speed scanners and related products to XBP Europe. Related party revenue, net in the combined and consolidated statements of operations include sales to XBP Europe of $0.1 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Purchase of Products and Services: During the historical periods presented, the Company purchased products and services from XBP Europe. Related party cost of revenue in the combined and consolidated statements of operations include purchases from XBP Europe of $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Shared Service Center Costs: The historical costs and expenses of XBP Europe include costs for certain shared service functions historically provided by the Company, including, but not limited to accounting and finance, IT and business process operations. Where possible, these charges were allocated based on full-time equivalents (FTE’s), formal agreements between the Company and XBP Europe, or other allocation methodologies that Management determined to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe and all costs of operating XBP Europe during the periods presented. The allocated shared service expenses and general corporate expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $3.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, and are included in the related party revenue, net in the combined and consolidated statements of operations. In the opinion of management of the Company and XBP Europe, the expense and cost allocations have been determined on a basis considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The amounts that would have been, or will be incurred, on a stand-alone basis could differ from the amounts allocated due to economies of scale, difference in management judgment, a requirement for more or fewer employees or other factors. Management does not believe, however, that it is practicable to estimate what these expenses would have been had XBP Europe operated as an independent entity, including any expenses associated with obtaining any of these services from the Company. In addition, the future results of operations, financial position and cash flows could differ materially from the historical results presented herein.

Royalty Income: During the historical periods presented, the Company charged royalty fees for allowing XBP Europe to use tradenames and trademarks owned by the Company. The Company earned royalty income of $0 and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in the related party revenue, net within the combined and consolidated statements of operations.

Service Fee: During the historical periods presented, the Company provided management services to XBP Europe in exchange for a management fee. These management services included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management fee was calculated based on a weighted average of total external revenue, headcount and total assets attributable to XBP Europe. On October 9, 2022 the management fee was terminated and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to certain services agreement, which reduced the fee and modified the services provided. Services provided under the services agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company earned a total fees of $1.5 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Notes Receivable: The combined and consolidated statements of operations included related party interest income of $0.9 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in other income, net relating to certain old terminated Intercompany Loan Agreements with XBP Europe. Further, the Company entered into new four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes receivable”) with XBP Europe, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes receivable have a ten year term and bear annual interest of 6.0%, due at the end of the term. The combined and consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million and $1.5 million new related party notes receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The combined and consolidated statements of operations included $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, of the related party interest income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in the interest expense, net.

Payable and receivable/prepaid balances with affiliates as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

ITPS: The ITPS segment provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries.

HS: The HS segment operates and maintains an outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets.

LLPS: The LLPS segment provides a broad array of support services in connection with class action settlement administration, claims adjudication, labor, employment and other legal matters.

The CODM of the Company is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews segment profit to evaluate operating segment performance and determine how to allocate resources to operating segments. “Segment profit” is defined as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company does not allocate selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net and sundry expenses (income), net to its reporting segments. The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, and therefore asset information and capital expenditures by operating segments are not presented. A reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes is presented below. Other than cost of revenue, no expenses are tracked, allocated or reported based segments as the CODM does not review or use financial information below segment profit to manage and direct the resources of the reportable segments.

The following table presents revenues by principal geographic area where the Company’s customers are located for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

During January 1, 2025 through July 1, 2025, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into four (4) additional amendments to the BR Exar AR Facility (the “Amendments”), pursuant to which such Company subsidiaries agreed to sell certain existing and future receivables to BREL until such time as BREL shall have collected $17.5 million, net of any costs, expenses or other amounts paid to or owing to the buyer under the agreement. The Company received an aggregate of $15.6 million in net proceeds under the Amendment.

During January 1, 2025 through July 1, 2025, the Company repaid approximately $25.3 million of outstanding principal amount under the BR Exar AR Facility. There was no amount outstanding under the BR Exar AR Facility as of July 1, 2025.

During January 1, 2025 through July 1, 2025, the Company repurchased $4.5 million principal amount of the Second Lien Note for a net cash consideration of $4.5 million. Accordingly, the outstanding principal amount under the Second Lien Note was $21.0 million, as of July 1, 2025.

In March of 2025, BPA filed the Chapter 11 Cases in the Bankruptcy Court seeking relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code. The majority of the Company’s long term debt obligations have been reclassified as current pursuant to this filing.

A premium equal to 5% of equity in reorganized BPA is payable to the backstop commitment parties for their DIP commitment. The premium was earned on the agreement date and is payable on the earlier of the takeback facility exchange date or final maturity date.

Upon the effectiveness of an acceptable reorganization plan, the DIP Facility will convert into notes under an exit facility, subject to limited exceptions pursuant to the terms of a settlement reached among the Debtors and the lenders under the DIP Facility. BPA also agreed to comply with various negative covenants, including restrictions on creating liens, mergers, asset sales, and issuing additional debt. Events of default may trigger acceleration of debt and other remedies by the lenders.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed combined and consolidated financial statements.

Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, Subsidiaries and Affiliates (Debtor in Possession)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed combined and consolidated financial statements.

These condensed combined and consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the combined and consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, subsidiaries and affiliates (the “Company”, the “Business” or “BPA”) annual financial statements for such period (the “2024 Annual Financial Statements”).

The accompanying condensed combined and consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require the Company to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates.

The condensed combined and consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the financial position as of end of interim period and the results of operations for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

On March 3, 2025, BPA and its USA and Canada domiciled subsidiaries and affiliates other than certain bankruptcy remote entities (the “Debtors”) commenced voluntary cases (collectively, the “Chapter 11 Cases”) under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code §§ 101-1532 in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re DocuData Solutions, L.C., Case No. 25-90023 (CML). The Debtors continue to operate their business as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and the orders of the Bankruptcy Court.

As a result of the Chapter 11 Cases filings with the Bankruptcy Court, the Company has applied the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 852, Reorganizations (“ASC 852”), in preparing the accompanying condensed combined and consolidated financial statements. ASC 852 requires that, for periods including and after the filing of a Chapter 11 petition, the consolidated financial statements distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. Accordingly, for the period beginning March 2025, pre-petition unsecured and under-secured claims related to debtors that may be impacted by the bankruptcy reorganization are classified as liabilities subject to compromise, which represent liabilities we anticipate will be allowed as claims in the Chapter 11 Cases. These amounts represent our current estimate of known or potential obligations to be resolved in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases and may differ from actual future settlement amounts paid. Differences between liabilities estimated and claims filed, or to be filed, will be investigated and resolved in connection with the claims resolution process. We will continue to evaluate these liabilities throughout the Chapter 11 process and adjust amounts as necessary. Such adjustments may be material.

We have incurred expenses and losses associated with the reorganization. These items are classified as reorganization items in our consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the unamortized premiums, discounts and debt issuance costs relating to liabilities subject to compromise are written off to reorganization items. The following table summarizes our reorganization items:

In performing this evaluation, the Company concluded that the following conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern:

The Company’ plans with respect to this uncertainty include the following actions to improve its available cash balances, liquidity or cash generated from operations:

In March 2025, the Company entered into a debtor-in-possession financing agreement totaling $185.0 million. This facility consists of a total of $80.0 million in new money loans and $105.0 million in “rolled-up” prepetition notes. This facility is critical for the Company’s operations during the Chapter 11 proceedings and its restructuring process. As of July 1, 2025, BPA has borrowed $80.0 million in the new money loans and pursuant to that converted $105.0 million of prepetition notes in the debtor-in-possession roll-up loans.

In March 2025, the Business through certain of its affiliates and subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy with the intention to restructure its debt (as described above). The Company expects to receive approval of its restructuring plan and emerge from bankruptcy in the near term. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will emerge from bankruptcy or operate profitably if it is successful in restructuring and emerging from bankruptcy, which could result in liquidation. The condensed combined and consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As such, the condensed combined and consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities, and reported expenses that may be necessary if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern.

As a result of the Chapter 11 filing, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities are subject to uncertainty. While operating as debtors-in-possession under Chapter 11, we may sell or otherwise dispose of or liquidate assets or settle liabilities, subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court or as otherwise permitted in the ordinary course of business, for amounts other than those reflected in these condensed combined and consolidated financial statements. Further, the plan of reorganization could materially change the amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities reported in these condensed combined and consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2024-04, Debt-Debt with Conversions and Other Option (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which amends ASC 470-20 to clarify the requirements related to accounting for the settlement of a debt instrument as an induced conversion. This ASU is intended to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20 for (a) convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features and (b) debt instruments that are not currently convertible. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its condensed combined and consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASC 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the consolidated statement of operations. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for periods after the effective date of this ASU or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on the condensed combined and consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

The information presented below supplements the Significant Accounting Policies information presented in the 2024 Annual Financial Statements.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of the Condensed Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements

Estimates and judgments relied upon in preparing these condensed combined and consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, allowance for expected credit losses, equity-based compensation, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, employee benefits, contingencies, goodwill, intangible assets, right of use assets and obligation, pension obligations, pension assets, and asset and liability valuations. The Company regularly assesses these estimates and records changes in estimates in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company’s primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services, but that are substantially the same, and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. The Company’s obligation to its customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. The Company allocates variable fees to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which the Company has the contractual right to bill under the contract.

The Company is organized into three segments: Information & Transaction Processing Solutions (“ITPS”), Healthcare Solutions (“HS”), and Legal & Loss Prevention Services (“LLPS”) (See Note 11 – Segment and Geographic Area Information). The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by segment and by geographic region for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and January 1, 2024:

The following table describes the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 (all related to accounts receivables):

Accounts receivable, net includes $12.6 million and $13.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, representing amounts not yet billed to customers. The Company has accrued the unbilled receivables for work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue of $4.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, that had been deferred as of December 31, 2024. The Company recognized revenue of $2.5 million during the three ended March 31, 2024 , that had been deferred as of January 1, 2024. The Company recognized revenue of $5.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 that had been deferred as of January 1, 2024.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. The Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million of amortization for these costs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, within depreciation and amortization expense in the Company’s condensed combined and consolidated statements of operations. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred, if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Certain of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which the Company estimates its expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. The Company also uses the adjusted market approach whereby it estimates the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, the Company considers the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of the Company’s software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

The Company includes reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

In accordance with optional exemptions available under GAAP, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where the Company receives a fixed monthly fee in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2025 in each of the future periods below:

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:

Aggregate amortization expense related to intangible assets was $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Aggregate amortization expense related to intangible assets was $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Estimated intangibles amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter consists of the following:

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approaches the markets and interacts with customers. The Company is organized into three segments: ITPS, HS, and LLPS (See Note 11 – Segment and Geographic Area Information).

Disclosure under this footnote should be read in conjunction with chapter 11 reorganization disclosure included under Note 1, General.

As of March 31, 2025, there was outstanding $24.0 million aggregate principal amount of 11.5% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes scheduled to mature July 15, 2026 (the “July 2026 Notes”) included in liabilities subject to compromise in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheet as at March 31, 2025. The July 2026 Note were issued by Exela Intermediate LLC and Exela Finance Inc. (together, the “Issuers”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company. The July 2026 Notes are guaranteed by nearly all U.S. subsidiaries of Exela Intermediate LLC. The July 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 11.5% per year. The Company is required to pay interest on the July 2026 Notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, and commenced making such interest payments on July 15, 2022. The Issuers may redeem the July 2026 Notes in whole or in part from time to time, at a redemption price of 100%, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date.

On January 15, 2024, the Company issued $42.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as a payment for PIK Interest due on January 15, 2024 in respect of the April 2026 Notes. On July 15, 2024, the Company issued $44.2 million in aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as a payment for PIK Interest due on July 15, 2024 in respect of the April 2026 Notes. In March 2025, $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes converted into the DIP Roll-up Loans (as described below) and $1,156.1 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes remained outstanding as of March 31, 2025 which is included in liabilities subject to compromise in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheet as at March 31, 2025. The Company was not able to pay interest payments due on January 15, 2025, as extended, which led to a default on the April 2026 Notes and contributed to the Company’s bankruptcy proceedings.

As of March 31, 2025, there were borrowings of $38.5 million outstanding under the Senior Secured Term Loan included in current portion of long-term debt in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheet as at March 31, 2025. The scheduled maturity date of the Senior Secured Term Loan is January 14, 2026.

The Senior Secured Term Loan contains customary events of default, cross-default provisions, affirmative and negative covenants, including limitation on the Company’s and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to create, incur or allow certain liens; enter into sale and lease-back transactions; make any restricted payments; undergo fundamental changes, as well as certain financial covenants. The cross-default provisions are triggered if the parent, borrower, affiliates, or significant subsidiaries defaults on any debt that is greater than $25 million if the effect of such default or event is to (i) accelerate, or to permit the acceleration of, the maturity of such indebtedness; (ii) allow such indebtedness to be declared due and payable or (iii) required such indebtedness to be prepaid (other than by a regularly scheduled required prepayment) or redeemed, in each case, prior to the stated maturity thereof.

On February 12, 2024, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a receivables purchase agreement with BR Exar, LLC (“BREL”), an affiliate of B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC (as subsequently amended on February 29, 2024, March 29, 2024, March 31, 2024, April 24, 2024, May 24, 2024, June 25, 2024, July 29, 2024, August 13, 2024, August 30, 2024, September 27, 2024, October 30, 2024, November 26, 2024, December 30, 2024, January 23, 2025, February 14, 2025 and February 28, 2025 (the “BR Exar AR Facility”)). The Company received an aggregate of $10.6 million, net of legal and other fees of $0.1 million, under the BR Exar AR Facility amendmends executed during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Under the terms of the BR Exar AR Facility amendments executed during the three months ended March 31, 2025, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries agreed to sell certain existing receivables and all of their future receivables to BREL until such time as BREL shall have collected $11.1 million, net of any costs, expenses or other amounts paid to or owing to the buyer under the agreement. BREL collected $13.0 million under the BR Exar AR Facility during the period from January 2025 to March 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was a $6.0 million and $7.8 million of outstanding balance, respectively, under the BR Exar AR Facility included in current portion of long-term debt in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheets.

Under the BR Exar AR Facility, transfers of accounts receivable from certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are treated as secured borrowings under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing and are not accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreements do not transfer effective control over and risk related to the accounts receivable to BREL. Accordingly, the Company treated total of $0.1 million of legal fee and other expense incurred under the BR Exar AR Facility as debt issuances cost and $0.4 million of difference between the net proceeds received by the Company and total amount collected by BREL under the BR Exar AR Facility as original issue discount during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Amortizations of the debt issuance cost and original issue discount relating to the BR Exar AR Facility are included in interest expense, net in the combined and consolidated statements of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased $6.0 million principal amount of the Second Lien Note for a net cash consideration of $6.0 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased $4.0 million principal amount of the Second Lien Note for a net cash consideration of $4.0 million. As of March 31, 2025, there were borrowings of $21.5 million outstanding under the Second Lien Note payable at maturity included in current portion of long-term debt in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheet as at March 31, 2025.

The sales of accounts receivable under the Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement are transacted at 100% of the face value of the relevant accounts receivable, resulting in derecognition of the accounts receivable from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company de-recognized $509.0 million of accounts receivable under this agreement during the year ended December 31, 2024. The amount remitted to the Purchasers during fiscal year 2024 was $508.2 million. The Company de-recognized $117.5 million and $127.3 million of accounts receivable under this agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The amount remitted to the Purchasers during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $114.1 million and $135.9 million, respectively. Unsold accounts receivable of $30.7 million and $26.2 million were pledged by the SPEs as collateral to the Purchasers as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These pledged accounts receivables are included in accounts receivable, net in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheets. The program resulted in a pre-tax loss of $1.9 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

On March 3, 2025, the Debtors filed the Chapter 11 Cases. In connection with these Chapter 11 Cases, Exela Finance, Inc. and Exela Intermediate LLC and the guarantors party thereto entered into a debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) financing agreement totaling $185.0 million. The DIP facility consists of a total of $80.0 million in new money loans (the “DIP New Money Loans”) and $105.0 million in “rolled-up” prepetition notes (the “DIP Roll-up Loans”, together with the DIP New Money Loan, the “DIP Facility”). The DIP Facility is critical for Debtor’s operations during the Chapter 11 proceedings and its restructuring process. As collateral, the Debtors granted security interests and liens to Ankura Trust Company, LLC, for the benefit of the lenders, with the liens being senior to the prepetition financing agreements, subject to certain limited exceptions.

The DIP Facility loans are due for repayment on the final maturity date being the earliest of August 1, 2025, substantial consummation of a reorganization plan, or other specified events. Interest rates on the loans are 12.00% per annum for New Money Loans and 11.50% per annum for Roll-Up Loans, with interest capitalized monthly on a paid-in-kind (PIK) basis. Prepayment of the loans is allowed at any time with 5 business days’ notice, and mandatory prepayments are required in the event of certain transactions, such as asset sales or debt issuances. As of March 31, 2025, $50.0 million in the DIP New Money Loans and $75.0 million of the DIP Roll-up Loans were outstanding included in current portion of long-term debt in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheet as at March 31, 2025.

The Company was not able to pay interest payments during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as extended, which led to a default on the April 2026 Notes and contributed to the Company’s bankruptcy proceedings. As a result of the default and bankruptcy, and the cross-default provisions, the majority of the debt has been reflected as current. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the following debt instruments were outstanding:

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating a tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $2.0 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company's ETR of (4.9)% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current tax expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets on U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforwards under the provisions of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”).

The Company's ETR of (4.9)% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, remeasurement of existing uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets on U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforwards created by the provisions of the TCJA.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalty) increased by $0.1 million due to India and Canada.

On October 24, 2018, HOV Services, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company (“HOV Services”), filed a lawsuit against ASG Technologies Group, Inc. (“ASG”) that sought to terminate the renewal of licensing agreement between the parties. HOV Services alleged that the licensing agreement was renewed under duress and brought claims against ASG under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1030 et seq., the Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2701 et seq., and various common law doctrines. ASG subsequently brought counterclaims asserting breach of contract and other allegations. On February 27, 2024, a judge granted ASG’s motion for directed verdict on its breach of contract claim and awarded ASG $2.5 million in damages plus interest. On February 29, 2024, the jury found in favor of ASG on all remaining claims and awarded ASG damages in the amount of approximately $0.7 million plus interest, for a total award of approximately $4.7 million in the case. On December 31, 2024, the parties entered into a settlement agreement under which the Company agreed to pay a total of $5.1 million over three (3) equal installments starting in January 2025 to fully resolve this matter. On January 3, 2025, the Company paid the first installment of $1.7 million. The remaining two outstanding installments are subject to authorization as part of Chapter 11 Case proceedings under the Bankruptcy Court. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company accrued $3.4 million and $5.1 million for this matter included in accrued liabilities on the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s combined and consolidated balance sheets, combined and consolidated statements of operations or combined and consolidated statements of cash flows.

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including current portion of other debt approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. Management estimated the fair values of the July 2026 Notes and the April 2026 Notes at approximately 20.0% and 15.0%, respectively, of the respective principal balance outstanding as of December 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, the July 2026 Notes and the April 2026 Notes have be classified as liabilities subject to compromise on the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheet. The fair values of secured borrowings under the Company’s securitization facility, Second Lien Note, Senior Secured Term Loan, DIP New Money Loans and DIP Roll-up Loans are equal to the respective carrying values. Other debt represents the Company’s outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware, software purchases, maintenance and leasehold improvements along with loans and receivables factoring arrangement entered into by subsidiaries of the Company and as such, the cost incurred would approximate fair value. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

The Company determined the fair value of its long-term debt and current portion of long-term debts using Level 2 inputs, including any recent issuance of the debt, the Company’s credit rating, and the current market rate.

The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The employees of BPA participate in the stock incentive plans of its Parent, Exela Technologies, Inc. Following are descriptions of those plans and activity related to employees of BPA

On June 13, 2024, the Parent’s 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”) became effective. The Parent’s 2024 Plan mainly covers BPA employees. Under the 2024 Plan, subject to adjustment for certain changes in capitalization or other corporate events, Exela is authorized to issue up to 500,000 shares of Common Stock pursuant to equity-based awards, which may be granted to eligible participants in furtherance of Exela’s broader compensation strategy and philosophy. Awards granted under the 2024 Plan will be granted upon terms approved by Exela’s Compensation Committee and set forth in an award agreement or other evidence of an award. As of March 31, 2025, there were no awards and no shares of common stock of Exela issued under the 2024 Plan.

As of March 31, 2025, there is no unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards under the 2018 Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company recorded compensation expense of $0 and $1.0 million related to stock option awards under the 2018 Plan awards for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Par Chadha, Parent’s Executive Chairman, Matthew Brown, the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, and Ron Cogburn, and James Reynolds, members of the Parent’s board of directors, are or have been affiliated with HOVS LLC and HandsOn Fund 4 I, LLC (collectively, and together with certain of their affiliated entities managed by HandsOn Global Management LLC, including such entity, “HGM”). The Parent’s Executive Chairman, Par Chadha is currently affiliated with HGM. Messrs. Cogburn and Reynolds were affiliated with HGM until 2020, and Mr. Brown was affiliated with HGM until 2017.

Pursuant to a master agreement dated January 1, 2015 between Rule 14, LLC and a subsidiary of the Company, the Company incurs marketing fees to Rule 14, LLC, a portfolio company of HGM. Similarly, the Company is party to ten master agreements with entities affiliated with HGM’s managed funds, each of which were entered into during 2015 and 2016. Each master agreement provides the Company with use of certain technology and includes a reseller arrangement pursuant to which the Company is entitled to sell these services to third parties. Any revenue earned by the Company in such third-party sales is shared 75%/25% with each of HGM’s venture affiliates in favor of the Company. The brands Zuma, Athena, Peri, BancMate, Spring, Jet, Teletype, CourtQ and Rewardio are part of the HGM managed funds. The Company has the license to use and resell such brands, as described therein. The Company incurred fees relating to these agreements of $1.7 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company earned no revenue from third-party sales under the reseller arrangement for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Certain operating companies lease their operating facilities from HOV RE, LLC and HOV Services Limited, which are affiliates under common control with HGM. The rental expense for these operating leases was less than $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In addition, HOV Services, Ltd. provides the Company data capture and technology services. The expense recognized for these services was approximately $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These expenses are included in cost of revenue in the combined and consolidated statements of operations.

On September 1, 2024, the Company, through one of its subsidiaries, entered into a Master Services Agreement with Aideo Technology LLC (the “Aideo”), which is an affiliate under common control with HGM, wherein the Company agreed to provide medical coding services to Aideo. On October 1, 2024, the Company, through one of its subsidiaries, entered into another Master Services Agreement with Aideo wherein the Company agreed to provide the management of Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) hosting services to Aideo. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company has recognized $0.1 million of revenue under these two agreements.

On September 1, 2023, the Company, through one of its subsidiaries, entered into a Master Services Agreement (the “Master Services Agreement”) with Doctors of Waikiki LLP (the “DOW”), which is an affiliate under common control with HGM, where the Company could provide services under one or more statement(s) of work (each, a “SOW”) to DOW. Each SOW, together with the terms of the Master Services Agreement, shall be deemed a separate contract that is effective as of date set forth in the SOW. The Company, acting under the first statement of work (SOW-1), provides collection services to DOW to collect past-due medical debts from its patients and insurance companies for which the Company receives a commission of 15% for accounts assigned within one year of the service date and 25% for accounts assigned after one year. Under the second statement of work (SOW-2), the Company manages DOW's insurance billing and denial management for medical bills generated after patients receive treatment from DOW for which the Company invoices $2,000 per month for each full-time employee assigned to the project. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has recognized $0 and less than $0.1 million of income, respectively, under these two SOWs.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $362.8 million and $368.8 million of aggregate principal amount of April 2026 Notes, respectively, are held by Parent group entities. The Company recorded net interest expense of $3.1 million and $3.8 million using effective interest rate method on the April 2026 Notes held by Parent group entities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Pursuant to carve out of BPA as a separate company, cost incurred by Parent group entities to support BPA business has been recharged by Parent group entities. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, BPA reimbursed $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, to Parent group entities primarily on account of salaries, legal and professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses.

Purchase of Products and Services: During the historical periods presented, the Company purchased products and services from XBP Europe. Related party cost of revenue in the combined and consolidated statements of operations include purchases from XBP Europe of $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Shared Service Center Costs: The historical costs and expenses of XBP Europe include costs for certain shared service functions historically provided by the Company, including, but not limited to accounting and finance, IT and business process operations. Where possible, these charges were allocated based on full-time equivalents (FTE’s), formal agreements between the Company and XBP Europe, or other allocation methodologies that Management determined to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe and all costs of operating XBP Europe during the periods presented. The allocated shared service expenses and general corporate expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, and are included in the related party revenue, net in the combined and consolidated statements of operations. In the opinion of management of the Company and XBP Europe, the expense and cost allocations have been determined on a basis considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe during 2025 and 2024. The amounts that would have been, or will be incurred, on a stand-alone basis could differ from the amounts allocated due to economies of scale, difference in management judgment, a requirement for more or fewer employees or other factors. Management does not believe, however, that it is practicable to estimate what these expenses would have been had XBP Europe operated as an independent entity, including any expenses associated with obtaining any of these services from the Company. In addition, the future results of operations, financial position and cash flows could differ materially from the historical results presented herein.

Service Fee: During the historical periods presented, the Company provided management services to XBP Europe in exchange for a management fee. These management services included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management fee was calculated based on a weighted average of total external revenue, headcount and total assets attributable to XBP Europe. On October 9, 2022 the management fee was terminated and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to certain services agreement, which reduced the fee and modified the services provided. Services provided under the services agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company earned total fees of $0.7 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Notes Receivable: The Company entered into new four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes receivable”) with XBP Europe, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes receivable have a ten year term and bear annual interest of 6.0%, due at the end of the term. The combined and consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million new related party notes receivable as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The combined and consolidated statements of operations included less than $0.1 million of related party interest income for the period ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 in the interest expense, net.

Payable and receivable/prepaid balances with affiliates as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approaches the markets and interacts with customers. The Company is organized into three segments: ITPS, HS, and LLPS.

HS: The HS segment operates and maintains an outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets.

LLPS: The LLPS segment provides a broad array of support services in connection with class action settlement administration, claims adjudication, labor, employment and other legal matters.

The following table presents revenues by principal geographic area where the Company’s customers are located for the three months ended ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

During April 1, 2025 through July 1, 2025, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into an additional amendment to the BR Exar AR Facility (the “Amendment”), pursuant to which such Company subsidiaries agreed to sell certain existing and future receivables to BREL until such time as BREL shall have collected $6.3 million, net of any costs, expenses or other amounts paid to or owing to the buyer under the agreement. The Company received an aggregate of $4.9 million in net proceeds under the Amendment.

During April 1, 2025 through July 1, 2025, the Company repaid approximately $12.3 million of outstanding principal amount under the BR Exar AR Facility. There was no amount outstanding under the BR Exar AR Facility as of July 1, 2025.

During April 1, 2025 through July 1, 2025, the Company repurchased $0.5 million principal amount of the Second Lien Note for a net cash consideration of $0.5 million. Accordingly, the outstanding principal amount under the Second Lien Note was $21.0 million, as of July 1, 2025.

On April 24, 2025, BPA borrowed an additional $30.0 million in the DIP New Money Loans and pursuant to that converted $30.0 million of prepetition notes in the DIP Roll-up Loans (as discussed above). Accordingly, the outstanding principal amount under the DIP New Money Loans and the DIP Roll-up Loans were $80.0 million and $105.0 million, respectively, as of July 1, 2025.

Item B. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed combined and consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Among other things, the condensed combined and consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the financial data than included in the following discussion. Amounts in thousands of United States dollars.

Unless the context requires otherwise, the use of the terms “BPA,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “ours” in these Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations refer to Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed on June 7, 2017, along with its subsidiaries and affiliates. On March 3, 2025, BPA and its USA and Canada domiciled subsidiaries and affiliates other than certain bankruptcy remote entities (the “Debtors”) commenced voluntary cases under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code §§ 101-1532 in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 Cases are being jointly administered under the caption In re DocuData Solutions, L.C., Case No. 25-90023 (CML). The Debtors continue to operate their business as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and the orders of the Bankruptcy Court.

We are a business process outsourcing and automation leader leveraging a global footprint and proprietary technology to help turn the complex into the simple through user friendly software platforms and solutions that enable our customers’ digital transformation. We have decades of expertise earned from serving thousands of customers worldwide, including many of the world’s largest enterprises and many of the Fortune® 100, in many mission critical environments across multiple industries, including banking, healthcare, insurance and manufacturing. Our technology-enabled solutions allow global organizations to address critical challenges resulting from the massive amounts of data obtained and created through their daily operations. Our solutions address the life cycle of transaction processing and enterprise information management, from enabling payment gateways and data exchanges across multiple systems, to matching inputs against contracts and handling exceptions, to ultimately depositing payments and distributing communications. Through cloud-enabled platforms, built on a configurable stack of automation modules, BPA rapidly deploys integrated technology and operations as an end-to-end digital journey partner.

We believe our process expertise, information technology capabilities and operational insights enable our customers’ organizations to more efficiently and effectively execute transactions, make decisions, drive revenue and profitability, and communicate critical information to their employees, customers, partners, and vendors. Our solutions are location agnostic, and we believe the combination of our hybrid hosted solutions and global work force in the Americas, EMEA and Asia offers meaningful differentiation in the industries we serve and services we provide.

Our three reportable segments are Information & Transaction Processing Solutions (“ITPS”), Healthcare Solutions (“HS”), and Legal & Loss Prevention Services (“LLPS”). These segments are comprised of significant strategic business units that align our transaction processing and enterprise information management products and services with how we manage our business, approach our key markets and interact with our customers based on their respective industries.

ITPS: Our largest segment, ITPS, provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries. Our major customers include many leading banks, insurance companies, and utilities, as well as hundreds of federal, state and local government entities. Our ITPS offerings enable companies to increase availability of working capital, reduce turnaround times for application processes, increase regulatory compliance and enhance consumer engagement.

ITPS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed, licensing and maintenance fees for technology sales, and a mix of fixed management fee and transactional revenue for document logistics and location services. HS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed for healthcare payers and providers. LLPS revenues are primarily based on time and materials pricing as well as through transactional services priced on a per item basis.

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance of our consolidated operations. We define EBITDA as net loss, plus income tax expense, interest expense, net, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus transaction and integration costs; non cash equity compensation, (gain) or loss from sale or disposal of assets or business, non-recurring charges and impairment charges; and other infrequent, or unusual costs and expenses. See “Other Financial Information (Non GAAP Financial Measures)” for more information and a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2024:

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our revenue on a consolidated basis decreased by $27.8 million, or 12.6%, to $191.9 million from $219.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. We experienced revenue declines in ITPS and HS segment and revenue growth in LLPS segment. Our ITPS, HS, and LLPS segments constituted 65.7%, 24.6%, and 9.6% of total revenue, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 62.4%, 29.5%, and 8.1%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

ITPS— For the three months ended March 31, 2025, revenue attributable to our ITPS segment decreased by $11.0 million, or 8.0% compared to the same period in the prior year. The majority of this revenue decline is attributable to certain clients exiting or not renewing their contracts. Additionally, revenue can fluctuate year to year based on the number or amount of non-recurring contracts entered into with customers.

HS— For the three months ended March 31, 2025, revenue attributable to our HS segment decreased by $17.5 million, or 27.0% compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower volume from existing customers.

LLPS— For the three months ended March 31, 2025, revenue attributable to our LLPS segment increased by $0.7 million, or 3.9% compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to an increase in project based engagements in legal claims administration services.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our cost of revenue decreased by $21.0 million, or 12.2%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. Costs in our ITPS segment decreased by $9.3 million, or 8.1%, primarily attributable to the corresponding decline in revenues. HS segment costs decreased by $10.6 million, or 23.0%, primarily due to corresponding decline in revenue and decrease in employee-related cost. LLPS segment cost of revenue decreased by $1.0 million, or 9.1%, primarily attributable to corresponding decline in revenue and decrease in employee-related cost.

The decrease in cost of revenues on a consolidated basis was primarily due to a decrease in employee-related costs of $11.6 million, lower postage cost of $9.4 million and lower other operating costs of $2.4 million, offset by higher infrastructure and maintenance costs of $2.4 million.

Cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 78.9% of revenue compared to the 78.5% for the comparable same period in the prior year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A expenses”) decreased $10.7 million, or 32.4%, to $22.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $32.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower employee related cost of $3.4 million, lower legal and professional fees of $1.7 million, lower infrastructure and maintenance cost of $0.6 million, lower provision for credit losses by $3.5 million and lower other SG&A expenses of $1.5 million. SG&A expenses decreased as a percentage of revenues to 11.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to 15.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Total depreciation and amortization expenses were $10.5 million and $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Related party expense was $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Interest expense, net was $23.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $23.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

There was $0.1 million of debt modification and extinguishment cost for the three months ended March 31, 2025 There was no of debt modification and extinguishment cost for the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we repurchased $4.0 million principal amount of the Second Lien Note (as defined and further described in “Indebtedness” below) for a net cash consideration of $4.0 million. The loss on early extinguishment of debt during the three months ended March 31, 2025 totaled $0.1 million and is inclusive of $0.1 million write off of debt issuance costs.

The increase in sundry expense, net of $0.3 million over the prior year period was primarily attributable to exchange rate fluctuations on foreign currency transactions.

Other income, net was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to other income, net of less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Reorganization items for the three months ended March 31, 2025 includes $20.5 million of the legal and professional fees paid in connection with Chapter 11 Cases and $82.0 million on account of derecognition of the unamortized debt premium on April 2026 Notes and $0.6 million of unamortized debts discount and unamortized debt issuance costs on July 2026 Notes.

We recorded an income tax expense of $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and an income tax expense of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is higher than the three months ended March 31, 2024 largely due an increase in profitability in the Company’s shared-service centers in India. Our estimated annual effective tax rate of (4.9)% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of our deferred tax assets on U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforwards under by the provisions of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”).

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance. We define EBITDA as net (loss) income, plus income tax expenses, interest expense, net and depreciation and amortization.

We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we believe they provide useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting our business in addition to measures calculated under GAAP.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our Board and management use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance, because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of our management team. Net loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non GAAP financial measures has important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. These non GAAP financial measures are not required to be uniformly applied, are not audited and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net profit (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Liquidity is the availability of adequate amounts of cash with an enterprise to meet its needs for cash requirements. At March 31, 2025, cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents totaled $56.9 million, including restricted cash of $38.2 million.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contracts and commitments that obligate us to make payments in the future. These obligations include borrowings, interest obligations, purchase commitments, operating and finance lease commitments, employee benefit payments and taxes. See Note 5 – Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities and Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies, to our combined and consolidated financial statements herein for further information on material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations.

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024

Operating Activities— The increase of $19.3 million in net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to $20.5 million of legal and professional fees paid for chapter 11 reorganization, a decline in gross margin (revenue less cost of revenue) by $6.8 million and an increase in interest expense. This increase in net cash used in operating activities was partially offset by a decrease in the SG&A expenses by $10.7 million.

Investing Activities— The increase of $1.5 million in net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025, was primarily due to a decline of $2.6 million of proceeds from sale of assets compared to three months ended March 31, 2024, which was partially offset by a $0.8 million reduction in capital expenditures.

Financing Activities— Net cash provided by financing activities was $38.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This was primarily due to $50.0 million in proceeds from DIP New Money Loans, $10.7 million in borrowings under the BR Exar AR Facility, and $0.4 million in proceeds from other loans. These inflows were partially offset by $12.3 million in repayments under the BR Exar AR Facility, $9.3 million in principal repayments on Senior Secured Term Loans, BRCC Revolver and other loans, and $1.2 million of principal repayments on finance lease obligations.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This was primarily due to $14.9 million in borrowings under the BR Exar AR Facility and $2.1 million in proceeds from other loans. These inflows were offset by $11.1 million in repayments under the BR Exar AR Facility, $2.4 million in principal repayments on BRCC Revolver and other loans and $1.7 million of principal repayments on finance lease obligations.

As of March 31, 2025, there was outstanding $24.0 million aggregate principal amount of 11.5% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes scheduled to mature July 15, 2026 (the “July 2026 Notes”) issued by Exela Intermediate LLC and Exela Finance Inc. (together, the “Issuers”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company. The July 2026 Notes are guaranteed by nearly all U.S. subsidiaries of Exela Intermediate LLC. The July 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 11.5% per year. The Company is required to pay interest on the July 2026 Notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, and commenced making such interest payments on July 15, 2022. The Issuers may redeem the July 2026 Notes in whole or in part from time to time, at a redemption price of 100%, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date.

On July 11, 2023, the Issuers, certain guarantors and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, entered into an indenture (the “April 2026 Notes Indenture”) governing the 11.5% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes scheduled to mature April 15, 2026 (the “April 2026 Notes”), and the Issuers issued approximately $1,017.0 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as consideration for the exchange of $1,271.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Issuers’ existing July 2026 Notes pursuant to a public exchange offer (the “2023 Exchange”), which was equivalent to issuing $800 of the April 2026 Notes per $1,000 principal amount of the existing July 2026 Notes Interest on the April 2026 Notes accrued at 11.5% per annum and was paid semi-annually, in arrears, on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning July 15, 2023. Interest was payable in cash or in kind by issuing additional April 2026 Notes (or increasing the principal amount of the outstanding April 2026 Notes) (“PIK Interest”) as described below: (A) for the July 15, 2023 interest payment date, such interest was paid in kind as PIK Interest, (B) for each interest payment date from and including the January 15, 2024 interest payment date through and including the July 15, 2024 interest payment date, such interest should have been paid in cash in an amount equal to (i) 50% of such interest plus (ii) an amount not to exceed an amount that, pro forma for such payment, would leave the issuers with Unrestricted Cash (as defined in the April 2026 Notes Indenture) of at least $15.0 million, with the remaining interest paid in kind as PIK Interest, and (C) for interest payment dates falling on or after January 15, 2025, such interest should have been paid in cash.

On January 15, 2024, the Company issued $42.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as a payment for PIK Interest due on January 15, 2024 in respect of the April 2026 Notes. On July 15, 2024, the Company issued $44.2 million in aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes as a payment for PIK Interest due on July 15, 2024 in respect of the April 2026 Notes. In March 2025, $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes converted into the DIP Roll-up Loans (as described below) and $1,156.1 million aggregate principal amount of the April 2026 Notes remained outstanding as of March 31, 2025. The Company was not able to pay interest payments due on January 15, 2025, as extended, which led to a default on the April 2026 Notes and contributed to the Company’s bankruptcy proceedings.

As of March 31, 2025, there were borrowings of $38.5 million outstanding under the Senior Secured Term Loan. The scheduled maturity date of the Senior Secured Term Loan is January 14, 2026.

The Senior Secured Term Loan contains customary events of default, cross-default provisions, affirmative and negative covenants, including limitation on the Company’s and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to create, incur or allow certain liens; enter into sale and lease-back transactions; make any restricted payments; undergo fundamental changes, as well as certain financial covenants. The cross-default provisions are triggered if the parent, borrower, affiliates, or significant subsidiaries defaults on any debt that is greater than $25 million if the effect of such default or event is to (i) accelerate, or to permit the acceleration of, the maturity of such indebtedness; (ii) allow such indebtedness to be declared due and payable or (iii) required such indebtedness to be prepaid (other than by a regularly scheduled required prepayment) or redeemed, in each case, prior to the stated maturity thereof.

On February 12, 2024, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a receivables purchase agreement with BR Exar, LLC (“BREL”), an affiliate of B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC (as subsequently amended on February 29, 2024, March 29, 2024, March 31, 2024, April 24, 2024, May 24, 2024, June 25, 2024, July 29, 2024, August 13, 2024, August 30, 2024, September 27, 2024, October 30, 2024, November 26, 2024, December 30, 2024, January 23, 2025, February 14, 2025 and February 28, 2025 (the “BR Exar AR Facility”)). The Company received an aggregate of $10.6 million, net of legal and other fees of $0.1 million, under the BR Exar AR Facility amendments executed during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Under the terms of the BR Exar AR Facility amendments executed during the three months ended March 31, 2025, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries agreed to sell certain existing receivables and all of their future receivables to BREL until such time as BREL shall have collected $11.1 million, net of any costs, expenses or other amounts paid to or owing to the buyer under the agreement. BREL collected $13.0 million under the BR Exar AR Facility during the period from January 2025 to March 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was a $6.0 million and $7.8 million of outstanding balance, respectively, under the BR Exar AR Facility.

The sales of accounts receivable under the Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement are transacted at 100% of the face value of the relevant accounts receivable, resulting in derecognition of the accounts receivable from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company de-recognized $509.0 million of accounts receivable under this agreement during the year ended December 31, 2024. The amount remitted to the Purchasers during fiscal year 2024 was $508.2 million. The Company de-recognized $117.5 million and $127.3 million of accounts receivable under this agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The amount remitted to the Purchasers during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $114.1 million and $135.9 million, respectively. Unsold accounts receivable of $30.7 million and $26.2 million were pledged by the SPEs as collateral to the Purchasers as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These pledged accounts receivables are included in accounts receivable, net in the condensed combined and consolidated balance sheets. The program resulted in a pre-tax loss of $1.9 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The DIP Facility loans are due for repayment on the final maturity date being the earliest of August 1, 2025, substantial consummation of a reorganization plan, or other specified events. Interest rates on the loans are 12.00% per annum for New Money Loans and 11.50% per annum for Roll-Up Loans, with interest capitalized monthly on a paid-in-kind (PIK) basis. Prepayment of the loans is allowed at any time with 5 business days’ notice, and mandatory prepayments are required in the event of certain transactions, such as asset sales or debt issuances. As of March 31, 2025, BPA has borrowed $50.0 million in the DIP New Money Loans and pursuant to that converted $75.0 million of prepetition notes in the DIP Roll-up Loans. On April 24, 2025, BPA has borrowed an additional $30.0 million in the DIP New Money Loans and pursuant to that converted $30.0 million of prepetition notes in the DIP Roll-up Loans (as discussed above). Accordingly, the outstanding principal amount under the DIP New Money Loans and the DIP Roll-up Loans was $80.0 million and $105.0 million, respectively, as of July 1, 2025.

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates. Our critical accounting policies and estimates provide a better understanding of how we develop our assumptions and judgments about future events and related estimations and how they can impact our financial statements. A critical accounting estimate is one that requires subjective or complex estimates and assessments, and is fundamental to our results of operations. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We believe the current assumptions, judgments and estimates used to determine amounts reflected in our condensed combined and consolidated financial statements are appropriate; however, actual results may differ under different conditions. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our condensed combined and consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this document. Refer to "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" contained in the management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations of the 2024 Annual Financial Statements for a complete discussion of our critical accounting estimates. There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates since the 2024 Annual Financial Statements.

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”), does hereby certify that:

ONE: The name of the Corporation is XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. The original certificate of incorporation of the Corporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 8, 2020, under the name “CF Finance Acquisition Corp. VIII.”

TWO: This Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation restates and integrates, and also further amends, the provisions of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as heretofore amended.

THREE: This Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation has been duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”).

FOUR: Pursuant to Sections 242 and 245 of the DGCL, text of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as heretofore amended, is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:¹

The name of this corporation is XBP Global Holdings, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is: c/o The Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware 19808, in the county of New Castle. The name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is The Corporation Service Company.

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”).

¹ Subject to appropriate adjustment to conform to prior certificate of incorporation should any amendment vote fail to pass at the Annual Meeting.

A. The Corporation is authorized to issue two (2) classes of stock to be designated, respectively, “Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock.” The total number of shares which the Corporation is authorized to issue is 420,000,000 shares: (x) 400,000,000 shares shall be Common Stock, each having a par value of $.0001 and (y) 20,000,000 shares shall be Preferred Stock, each having a par value of $.0001.

B. The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) is hereby expressly authorized to provide for the issue of all or any of the unissued shares of the Preferred Stock that have not been designated as to series, in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares and to determine for each such series, such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designation, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted and filed by the Board of Directors in accordance with the DGCL. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock, or any series thereof, may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, without a separate vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock, or of any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to the terms of any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of Preferred Stock. Any shares of any series of Preferred Stock purchased, exchanged, converted or otherwise acquired by the Corporation, in any manner whatsoever shall be retired and cancelled promptly after the acquisition thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock, without designation as to series, and may be reissued as part of any series of Preferred Stock created by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors, subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth in this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or in such resolution or resolutions.

C. Each outstanding share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders of the Corporation for their vote; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon by law or pursuant to this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of Preferred Stock).

D. Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions (payable in cash, property or capital stock of the Corporation) when, as and if declared thereon by the Board of Directors from time to time out of any assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions.

E. Subject to the applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, in any event of an voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive all of the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them.

For the management of the business and for the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation, and in further definition, limitation and regulation of the powers of the Corporation, of its directors and stockholders, as the case may be, it is further provided that:

The management of the business and the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation shall be vested in its Board of Directors. Subject to any rights of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors which shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be fixed exclusively by resolutions adopted by a majority of the authorized number of directors constituting the Board of Directors.

Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, all directors shall be elected annually by the stockholders for a term of one (1) year. Each director shall serve until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

1. Subject to the rights of any series of Preferred Stock to remove directors elected by such series of Preferred Stock, neither the Board of Directors nor any individual director may be removed without cause.

2. Subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law and the rights of any series of Preferred Stock to remove directors elected by such series of Preferred Stock, any individual director or directors may be removed from office with cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least three-fourths (75%) of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally at an election of directors.

Subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors or fill vacancies in respect of such directors, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, shall, unless the Board of Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors or by a sole remaining director, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified or such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

The Board of Directors is expressly authorized and empowered to adopt, amend or repeal any provisions of the Bylaws of the Corporation. The stockholders shall also have power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation; provided, however, that, in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by law or by this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, such action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least three-fourths (75%) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

1. The directors of the Corporation need not be elected by written ballot unless the Bylaws so provide.

2. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation may be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of the stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws or, except in the case of Excluded Consent Actions, by written consent of stockholders in accordance with the Bylaws. An “Excluded Consent Action” means (i) the election of directors, and (ii) the approval of a merger, consolidation, conversion, or sale of all or substantially all assets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock may, to the extent permitted by and pursuant to the terms of such series of Preferred Stock adopted by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors, take action by written consent.

3. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

A. A director or officer of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, as applicable, except for liability of (i) a director or officer for any breach of the director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) a director or officer for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve, intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) a director under Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) a director or officer for any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit, or (v) an officer in any action by or in the right of the Corporation. If applicable law is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article VI to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors or officers, then, subject to clause (v), the liability of a director or officer to the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as so amended.

B. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) directors, officers and agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to which applicable law permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through Bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise in accordance with such applicable law.

C. Any repeal or modification of this Article VI shall only be prospective and shall not adversely affect the rights or protections or increase the liability of any officer or director of the Corporation under this Article VI in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any act or omission to act giving rise to liability or indemnification and occurring prior to such appeal or modification.

A. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, creditors or other constituents, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation (as each may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine; or (v) any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants provided, that, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismisses any such action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, such action may be brought in another state court sitting in the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware).

B. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

A. In recognition and anticipation that the Exempted Persons may now engage and may continue to engage in the same or similar activities or related lines of business as those in which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, may engage and/or other business activities that overlap with or compete with those in which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, may engage, the provisions of this Article VIII are set forth to regulate and define the conduct of certain affairs of the Corporation with respect to certain classes or categories of business opportunities as they may involve any Exempted Person and the powers, rights, duties and liabilities of the Corporation and its directors, officers and stockholders in connection therewith.

B. To the extent permitted by applicable law, each Exempted Person shall not have any fiduciary duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries, except as otherwise expressly provided herein or in any written agreement entered into between the Corporation and such Exempted Person. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, but subject to the following provisions of this Article VIII, the Corporation, on behalf of itself and its Subsidiaries, renounces any interest, right or expectancy of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in or receive any income or proceeds from, business opportunities that are from time to time available to the Exempted Persons, even if the opportunity is one that the Corporation or its Subsidiaries might reasonably be deemed to have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted the opportunity to do so, and each such Exempted Person shall have no duty to communicate or offer such business opportunity to the Corporation or refrain from pursuing such business opportunity (and there shall be no restriction on the Exempted Persons using the general knowledge and understanding of the industry in which the Corporation operates which it has gained as an Exempted Person in considering and pursuing such opportunities or in making investment, voting, monitoring, governance or other decisions relating to other entities or securities) and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, shall not be liable to the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries or stockholders for breach of any fiduciary or other duty, as a director or officer or otherwise, by reason of the fact that such Exempted Person pursues or acquires such business opportunity, directs such business opportunity to another person or fails to present such business opportunity, or information regarding such business opportunity, to the Corporation or its Subsidiaries, or uses such knowledge and understanding in the manner described herein, in each case, except as otherwise expressly provided in any written agreement entered into between the Company and such Exempted Person or if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (a) the business opportunity is presented or offered to an Exempted Person solely in the person’s capacity as a director, officer or stockholder of the Corporation (expressly excluding any acquisition opportunities presented or offered to HandsOn Global Management or its controlled affiliated funds and not intended for the Corporation), (b) such business opportunity is one the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries is legally and contractually permitted to undertake, and (c) a majority of the disinterested directors of the Corporation determines that the Corporation possesses, or would reasonably be expected to be able to possess, the resources necessary to exploit such business opportunity (which determination shall be promptly and reasonably made and communicated to the Exempted Person following presentation of such opportunity). If there is a separate written agreement for the Exempted Person applicable hereto, or if the foregoing clauses (a) through (c) are applicable and satisfied, then the applicable Exempted Person will have a fiduciary duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the applicable business activity unless a majority of the disinterested directors of the Corporation provides a written waiver to the applicable Exempted Person (which waiver shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). For the avoidance of doubt, a corporate opportunity shall not be deemed to belong to the Corporation if it is a business opportunity that the Corporation is not financially able or contractually permitted or legally able to undertake, or that is, from its nature, not in the line of the Corporation’s business or is of no practical advantage to it or that is one in which the Corporation has no interest or reasonable expectancy. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of the provisions of this Article VIII.

C. Neither the alteration, amendment, addition to or repeal of this Article VIII, nor the adoption of any provision of this Third Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation) inconsistent with this Article VIII, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this Article VIII in respect of any business opportunity first identified or any other matter occurring, or any cause of action, suit or claim that, but for this Article VIII, would accrue or arise, prior to such alteration, amendment, addition, repeal or adoption. This Article VIII shall not limit any protections or defenses available to, or indemnification or advancement rights of, any director or officer of the Corporation under this Third Amended and Restated Certificate, the Bylaws or applicable law

D. For purposes of this Article VIII, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified person, any other person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, such specified person.

“Exempted Person” means each of the stockholders, each of the independent directors of the Corporation and each of the directors of the Corporation (including for all purposes of this Article VIII directors who are also officers or employees of the Corporation), who are, or are Affiliates or designees of, Exela Technologies, Inc. and its Affiliates, and each of their respective controlled Affiliates and all of their respective partners, principals, directors, officers, members, managers, equity holders and/or employees, including any of the foregoing who serve as officers or directors of the Corporation; provided that the Corporation and its Subsidiaries shall not be Exempted Persons.

“Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, general or limited partnership, joint venture, trust, estate, proprietorship, unincorporated association, organization or other entity.

“Subsidiary,” when used with respect to any person, means any other person of which (x) in the case of a corporation, (1) at least fifty percent (50%) of the equity or (2) securities representing at least fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting power of such other person are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such first person, by any one or more of its subsidiaries, or by such first person and one or more of its subsidiaries or (y) in the case of any person other than a corporation, such first person, one or more of its subsidiaries, or such first person and one or more of its subsidiaries (1) owns at least fifty percent (50%) of the equity interests thereof or (2) has the power to elect or direct the election of at least fifty percent (50%) of the members of the governing body thereof or otherwise has control over such organization or entity.

A. The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal, at any time and from time to time, any provision contained in this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, except as provided in paragraph C of Article VI and paragraph C of Article VIII, all rights, preferences and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon the stockholders, directors or any other persons whomsoever by and pursuant to this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended herein are granted subject to this reservation.

B. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any particular class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by law or by this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any certificate of designation filed with respect to a series of Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least seventy five percent (75%) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal (whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise) Articles V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X.

This BPA MEMBERSHIP INTEREST PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of July 3, 2025, by and between XBP Americas, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (“Buyer”), and ETI-XCV, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Seller”) (each of Buyer and Seller, a “Party” and together, the “Parties”).

WHEREAS, as of the Closing Date (as defined below) Seller shall be the sole member and owner of all right, title, and interest in and to Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“BPA”), including all of the economic rights therein together with any rights to the voting interests in BPA that will revert therein upon the effective date of the Plan (as defined below) (such interests, the “Purchased Interests”);

WHEREAS, as of the Closing Date BPA shall directly or indirectly own all right, title, and interest in and to the non-voting membership interests in NEON Acquisition, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Neon”), including all of the economic rights therein together with any rights to the voting interests in Neon that will revert therein upon the effective date of the Plan, and indirectly will own all right, title, and interest in and to their respective subsidiaries (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”);

WHEREAS, Buyer is a wholly-owned subsidiary of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“XBP”), and desires to acquire from Seller, and Seller desires to sell to Buyer, all of the Purchased Interests, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, BPA and Neon and certain of their direct and indirect Subsidiaries have filed voluntary cases (the “Chapter 11 Proceedings”) under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code, §§ 101-1532, as amended in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy Court”) (the cases commenced, captioned In re DocuData Solutions, L.C., Case No. 25-90023 (CML)), and this transfer is being effected in part to support the restructuring transactions to be entered into in connection with the Chapter 11 Proceedings;

WHEREAS, on June 23, 2025, the debtors in the Chapter 11 Proceedings filed an Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization of DocuData Solutions, L.C. and its Debtor Affiliates Under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code [Docket No. 826] (as may be amended, the “Plan”), which was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court [Docket No. 834] and incorporates the terms of the Amended and Restated Plan Support Agreement [Docket No. 396], and a corresponding disclosure statement as described therein;

WHEREAS, on July 3, 2025, XBP entered into a Transaction Support Agreement with the Debtors (the “XBP TSA”);

WHEREAS, the Debtors have sought approval of a waiver to the procedures set forth in the “Order (I) Establishing Notification Procedures and Approving Restrictions on (A) Certain Transfers of Interests in the Debtors and (B) Claims of Certain Worthless Stock Deductions and (II) Granting Related Relief” [Docket No. 67] in the Chapter 11 Proceedings (the “NOL Order”) relating to the transactions contemplated herein; and

WHEREAS, the Parties acknowledge that the transactions contemplated herein constitute related party transactions, as Buyer and Seller are under common ownership and the terms of this Agreement have been negotiated with due consideration of such relationship to ensure fairness and compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual representations, warranties, covenants, and agreements contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

1.1.            Purchase and Sale. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, on the Closing Date, Seller shall sell to Buyer, and Buyer shall purchase from Seller, all of Seller’s rights, title, and interest in and to the Purchased Interests on an “as is/where is” basis, subject to all liens, claims, encumbrances, and interests of any kind. Upon the Closing (as defined below), Seller shall deliver to Buyer a duly executed assignment of membership interests for the Purchased Interests.

1.2.            Consideration. The sole consideration for the Purchased Interests shall be one dollar ($1.00). The Parties acknowledge that the consideration reflects the encumbered nature of the Subsidiaries, including their financial condition and the ongoing Chapter 11 Proceedings.

2.1.            Organization. Seller is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has the requisite limited liability company power to carry on its business as now conducted.

2.2.            Authorization and Execution. Seller has the requisite limited liability company power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to perform its obligations hereunder. Seller confirms that all necessary filings with the Bankruptcy Court to permit the transactions contemplated hereby have been made, and that any requisite Bankruptcy Court approvals have been obtained.

2.3.            Title. Seller represents that Buyer shall receive title to BPA, and indirectly Neon, as of the Closing Date.

2.4.            No Other Representations and Warranties. The Purchased Interests are being sold “AS IS,” “WHERE IS,” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.” Except for the representations and warranties expressly set forth in this Agreement, Seller makes no other representations or warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, any representations or warranties as to the value, condition, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose of the Purchased Interests, or BPA, Neon, or their respective Subsidiaries, excluding XBP and its Subsidiaries (each, a “Company” and collectively, the “Companies”). Without limiting the foregoing, Seller makes no representations or warranties regarding the assets, liabilities, financial condition, or operations of the Subsidiaries, including any matters relating to the Chapter 11 Proceedings of any such Subsidiaries. Seller hereby expressly disclaims any and all liability arising from or related to the Purchased Interests and any Company’s assets, liabilities, financial condition, or operations. Buyer acknowledges that it is not relying upon any representation, statement or other assertion with respect to the Purchased Interests, but is relying upon its own investigation of the Purchased Interests.

3.1.            Organization. Buyer is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada and has the requisite limited liability company power to carry on its business as now conducted.

3.2.            Authorization and Execution. Buyer has the requisite limited liability company power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to perform its obligations hereunder.

3.3.            Investment Purpose. Buyer is acquiring the Purchased Interests for its own account with the present intention of holding such Purchased Interests for purposes of investment and is not acquiring the Purchased Interests with a view to or for distribution thereof, within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Buyer acknowledges and understands that the Purchased Interests have not been registered under the Securities Act or qualified under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state in reliance upon exemptions from registration or qualification thereunder, and the Purchased Interests may not be sold, offered, transferred, assigned, pledged, hypothecated, or otherwise disposed of or encumbered, except in compliance with the Securities Act and such laws.

3.4.            No Other Representations and Warranties. Except for the representations and warranties expressly set forth in this Agreement, Buyer makes no other representations or warranties, express or implied.

The closing of the purchase and sale of the Purchased Interests as contemplated by this Agreement (the “Closing”), shall take place at 10 a.m., local time, at the offices of Loeb & Loeb LLP, 345 Park Ave, New York, New York 10154 on such date that (i) BPA shall have become a Subsidiary of Seller on terms reasonably acceptable to Buyer; (ii) Neon shall have become a Subsidiary of BPA on terms reasonably acceptable to Buyer and (ii) the NOL Order shall have been entered, and in any event no later than July 14, 2025. The date and time at which the Closing occurs is referred to in this Agreement as the “Closing Date.”

(a)            Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, upon the occurrence of a Rescission Event (as defined below), Seller’s transfer of the Purchased Interests to Buyer shall be void ab initio and Buyer shall return the Purchased Interests to Seller and the Parties will take all steps necessary to rescind the original sale transaction (within the meaning of the Ruling (as defined below)) for federal and applicable state income tax purposes and all other purposes with effect as of the date of this Agreement. Further, the Parties intend and agree that such rescission shall be effective so as to restore the Parties to the status quo ante in all but de minimis respects (which such de minimis deviations solely resulting in the ordinary course of business from the passage of time), consistent with the principles set forth in the Ruling, and acknowledge that such rescission shall occur within the same taxable year as the original transaction for each Party, and that no third-party rights may be adversely affected. The Parties shall cooperate and shall take all such actions, and refrain from taking any actions, as may be necessary or advisable to give full effect to the foregoing and to rescind the transactions otherwise contemplated under this Agreement, including (1) filing amended tax returns and making any required tax filings or disclosures, (2) rescinding any transaction that occurred with respect to the sale of the Purchased Interests, (3) with respect to Buyer, transferring the Purchased Interests to Seller so that Seller’s right, title and interest with respect to the Purchased Interests are the same as they were immediately prior to the Rescission Event, (4) with respect to Seller, promptly refunding to Buyer, by wire transfer as directed in writing by Buyer, the Consideration paid to Seller in exchange for the Purchased Interests and (5) taking any other action contemplated by Section 6.1 below.

(b)            As used above: “Rescission Event” means, and shall be deemed to have occurred if, (i) the Effective Date (as defined in the Plan) does not occur or the XBP Transaction (as defined in the Plan) is not consummated by August 7, 2025 or (ii) the XBP TSA has been terminated in accordance with its terms prior to the Effective Date of the Plan; provided that, the Parties may waive the occurrence of a Recission Event or extend the date included herein upon written agreement (email being sufficient) among the Parties, subject to the prior written consent (email being sufficient) of the Debtors, the Consenting ETI Parties, the Required Consenting Creditors and XBP.

(a)            From the Closing Date until the earlier of (i) the occurrence of a Rescission Event or (ii) the final determination that no Rescission Event will occur, each of Buyer and Seller agrees not to change the tax classification of the Companies.

(b)            Each Party shall cooperate fully, as and to the extent reasonably requested by the other Party and subject to commercially reasonable efforts, in connection with (i) the preparation and filing of any tax returns related to the transactions contemplated herein and (ii) any audit, litigation, or other proceeding with respect to such taxes. Such cooperation shall include the retention and (upon request) the provision of records and information reasonably relevant to any such tax return, audit, litigation, or proceeding, and making personnel available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any material provided hereunder.

(c)            The Parties agree that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be reported for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes in a manner intended to maximize overall tax efficiency for the Parties, taken as a whole, as agreed between the Parties and their respective tax and legal advisors in connection with the Plan. The Parties shall not, and shall cause their respective affiliates not to, take any position in any tax return, audit, litigation, or other proceeding that is inconsistent with such agreed treatment, except as otherwise required by a final determination of an applicable taxing authority.

(d)            If applicable, the Parties agree in good faith to restructure the transactions contemplated by this Agreement to achieve greater tax efficiencies, including by rescinding the transactions described in this Agreement, provided that the benefits received by Buyer in such alternate transaction are substantially the same as those obtained in this Agreement. Such restructuring may include transferring another affiliated entity or shares or equity therein, including shares of Seller’s indirect parent. In such event, the Parties shall work collaboratively, engaging their respective tax and legal advisors, to explore and implement strategies that optimize tax outcomes. The Parties commit to maintaining open communication and sharing relevant information to facilitate these efforts, ensuring that any restructuring aligns with applicable laws and regulations while preserving the Buyer's benefits secured in this Agreement.

6.1.            Further Assurances. Each of the Parties hereto shall, from time to time at the reasonable request of the other Party and without further consideration, execute and deliver such other instruments of conveyance and transfer and take such other actions as may be reasonably requested to more effectively consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, any action required by the Bankruptcy Court.

6.2.            Governing Law. Subject to the terms of the Plan, this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to conflicts principles that would result in the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.

6.3.            Entire Agreement; Amendments. Subject to the terms of the Plan, this Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings, both oral and written, between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may only be amended by a written instrument signed by the Parties.

6.4.            Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Parties hereto; provided, however, that the Consenting Creditors (as defined in the Plan) are intended third-party beneficiaries of, and may enforce, Section 5.1 solely to the extent the Parties fail to take the actions contemplated thereby.

6.5.            Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and by electronic signature, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Parties has caused this Agreement to be executed on its behalf by its officers thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first written above.

THIS TRANSACTION SUPPORT AGREEMENT IS NOT AN OFFER OR ACCEPTANCE WITH RESPECT TO ANY SECURITIES OR A SOLICITATION OF ACCEPTANCES OF A CHAPTER 11 PLAN WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 1125 OF THE BANKRUPTCY CODE. ANY SUCH OFFER, ACCEPTANCE OR SOLICITATION WILL COMPLY WITH ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS AND PROVISIONS OF THE BANKRUPTCY CODE. NOTHING CONTAINED IN THIS TRANSACTION SUPPORT AGREEMENT SHALL BE AN ADMISSION OF FACT OR LIABILITY OR, UNTIL THE OCCURRENCE OF THE AGREEMENT EFFECTIVE DATE ON THE TERMS DESCRIBED HEREIN, DEEMED BINDING ON ANY OF THE PARTIES HERETO.

THIS TRANSACTION SUPPORT AGREEMENT DOES NOT PURPORT TO SUMMARIZE ALL OF THE TERMS, CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, AND OTHER PROVISIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE TRANSACTIONS DESCRIBED HEREIN, WHICH TRANSACTIONS WILL BE SUBJECT IN ALL RESPECTS TO THE COMPLETION OF DEFINITIVE DOCUMENTS REFLECTING THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH HEREIN. THE CLOSING OF ANY SUCH TRANSACTION SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN SUCH DEFINITIVE DOCUMENTS AND THE APPROVAL RIGHTS OF THE PARTIES SET FORTH HEREIN AND IN SUCH DEFINITIVE DOCUMENTS, IN EACH CASE, SUBJECT TO THE TERMS HEREOF.

This TRANSACTION SUPPORT AGREEMENT (including all exhibits, annexes, and schedules hereto in accordance with Section 11.02, as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of July 3, 2025 (the “Execution Date”), by and among the following parties (each of the following, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”).

WHEREAS, on April 24, 2025, (i) the Debtors, (ii) Exela Technologies, Inc. (“ETI”), GP 3XCV LLC and XCV-STS, LLC (collectively, the “Consenting ETI Parties”), (iii) Par Chadha, in his capacity as Chairman of the board of directors of ETI, GP 2XCV LLC and General Pacific, LLC (together, the “Individual Owner”), and (iv) the holders or beneficial holders of, or nominees, investment advisors, sub-advisors, or managers or discretionary accounts or funds that hold or beneficially hold, April 2026 Notes Claims or July 2026 Notes Claims party thereto (collectively, the “Consenting Creditors” and together with the Individual Owner, and the Consenting ETI Parties, the “Consenting Stakeholders”) entered into that certain Amended and Restated Plan Support Agreement (including the exhibits and schedules attached thereto, and as amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time to time, the “Consenting Stakeholder PSA”);

WHEREAS, the Debtors and the Consenting Stakeholders have in good faith and at arms’ length negotiated certain restructuring and recapitalization transactions with respect to the Debtors’ capital structure on the terms set forth in the Consenting Stakeholder PSA and on the terms set forth in Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization of DocuData Solutions, L.C. and Its Debtor Affiliates Under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code [Docket No. 826] filed by the Debtors with the Bankruptcy Court (as defined below) on June 23, 2025 (including the exhibits and schedules attached thereto, and as amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time, the “Plan” and, such transactions as described in this Agreement, the Consenting Stakeholder PSA, the Plan, and the Restructuring Steps Exhibit (as defined in the Plan), and related transactions or steps to be taken in connection therewith, the “Restructuring Transactions”);

WHEREAS, the Debtors intend to implement the Restructuring Transactions, including through the Debtors’ voluntary cases under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code, §§ 101-1532, as amended (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy Court”) (the jointly-administered cases commenced, captioned In re DocuData Solutions, L.C., Case No. 25-90023 (CML), the “Chapter 11 Cases”);

WHEREAS, on June 23, 2025, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Plan and the Restructuring Transactions contemplated thereby;

WHEREAS, the Parties have agreed to support the Restructuring Transactions subject to and in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and desire to work together to complete the negotiation of the terms of the documents and the completion of each of the actions necessary or desirable to effectuate the Restructuring Transactions in accordance with the Plan and the Restructuring Steps Exhibit;

WHEREAS, the Parties have agreed to take certain actions in support of the Restructuring Transactions on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Plan; and

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants, representations, warranties, and agreements contained herein, and for other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, each Party, intending to be legally bound hereby, agrees as follows:

(a)         in the appropriate context, each term, whether stated in the singular or the plural, shall include both the singular and the plural, and pronouns stated in the masculine, feminine, or neuter gender shall include the masculine, feminine, and the neuter gender;

(b)        capitalized terms defined only in the plural or singular form shall nonetheless have their defined meanings when used in the opposite form;

(c)         unless otherwise specified, any reference herein to a contract, lease, instrument, release, indenture, or other agreement or document being in a particular form or on particular terms and conditions means that such document shall be substantially in such form or substantially on such terms and conditions;

(d)         unless otherwise specified, any reference herein to an existing document, schedule, or exhibit shall mean such document, schedule, or exhibit, as it may have been or may be amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, in each case, in accordance with this Agreement, including, without limitation, Section 9; provided that any capitalized terms herein which are defined with reference to another agreement, are defined with reference to such other agreement as of the date of this Agreement, without giving effect to any termination of such other agreement or amendments to such capitalized terms in any such other agreement following the date hereof;

(e)         unless otherwise specified, all references herein to “Sections” are references to Sections of this Agreement;

(f)          the words “herein,” “hereof,” and “hereto” refer to this Agreement in its entirety rather than to any particular portion of this Agreement;

(g)         captions and headings to Sections are inserted for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be a part of or to affect the interpretation of this Agreement;

(h)         references to “shareholders,” “directors,” or “officers” shall also include “members” or “managers,” as applicable, as such terms are defined under the applicable limited liability company Laws;

(i)          the use of “include” or “including” is without limitation, whether stated or not;

(j)          unless otherwise specified herein, the provisions of Bankruptcy Rule 9006(a) shall apply in computing any period of time prescribed or allowed herein; and

1.02.          Defined Terms. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Consenting Stakeholder PSA or the Plan, as applicable. To the extent of any conflict between the Consenting Stakeholder PSA and the Plan, the meanings ascribed in the Plan shall control.

1.03.          Certain additional defined terms are set forth on Exhibit A hereto, which is incorporated by reference herein in all respects.

Section 2.         Effectiveness of this Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective and binding upon each of the Parties on the date (such date, the “Agreement Effective Date”), on which all of the following conditions have been satisfied or waived in accordance with this Agreement:

(a)         each Debtor shall have executed and delivered counterpart signature pages of this Agreement to counsel to XBP; and

(b)         XBP shall have executed and delivered a counterpart signature page of this Agreement to counsel to the Debtors.

3.01.          The “Definitive Documents” are: (i) this Agreement, (ii) the Definitive Documents as defined in section 3.01 of the Consenting Stakeholders PSA, and (iii) such other motions, orders, agreements, and documentation necessary or desirable to consummate and document the XBP Transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the Plan.

3.02.          The Definitive Documents that are not executed as of the Agreement Effective Date remain subject to good faith negotiation, agreement and completion. Upon completion, the Definitive Documents shall contain terms, conditions, representations, warranties, and covenants consistent with the terms of this Agreement, as they may be modified, amended, or supplemented in accordance with this Agreement. The Definitive Documents that are not executed or filed as “an agreed form” with the Bankruptcy Court as of the Agreement Effective Date, and any amendments, modifications, or supplements to any Definitive Documents, shall be consistent with this Agreement and otherwise shall be in form and substance reasonably acceptable to (i) the Debtors, (ii) XBP, (iii) the Required Consenting Creditors, and (iv) the Consenting ETI Parties in accordance with their consent rights under the Consenting Stakeholder PSA. For the avoidance of doubt, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, XBP and the Debtors hereby acknowledge and agree that as of the Agreement Effective Date, the Governance Term Sheet, Exit Facilities Documents, and Exit Securitization Program are being negotiated, and as such remain subject to the consent rights of XBP and the Debtors set forth herein and the consent rights of the Consenting Stakeholders as set forth in the Consenting Stakeholder PSA. Promptly, following the date hereof, and to the extent it has not done so, the Debtors shall file with the Bankruptcy Court the executed Membership Interest Purchase Agreement entered into by a subsidiary of XBP and ETI-XCV, LLC as of the date hereof, the agreed form of New Parent Warrants Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, and the New Parent Shareholder Rights Plan (in each case as confirmed by counsel to the relevant interested parties as of the Agreement Effective Date).

4.01.       Affirmative Commitments. During the Agreement Effective Period, XBP agrees to:

(a)         act in good faith to support the Restructuring Transactions and Plan, and timely take all actions contemplated by this Agreement and the Plan and as necessary to support and achieve consummation of the Restructuring Transactions and effectiveness of the Plan, including with respect to providing information as may be reasonably requested and necessary to obtain any necessary governmental approvals to consummate the Restructuring Transactions and Plan; and

(b)        except (A) as required by contracts existing on the date hereof or applicable Law, (B) with the consent of the Debtors and the Consenting Stakeholders, or (C) as contemplated, allowed, or required by the Plan or this Agreement or as advisable to give effect thereto: (i) operate their businesses in the ordinary course consistent with past practices; (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts (x) to preserve intact XBP’s business organization and relationships with third parties and employees, taking into account the Restructuring Transactions; and (y) maintain good standing (or equivalent status under the Laws of its incorporation or organization) under the Laws of the jurisdictions in which XBP is incorporated or organized, taking into account the Restructuring Transactions; (iii) consult in good faith with the counsel to the Debtors and the Consenting Stakeholders prior to XBP’s entry into, termination of, or modification of any material operational contracts, leases, or other binding agreements, other than in the ordinary course of business; (iv) refrain from increasing the compensation payable to any “Insiders” (as defined in the Bankruptcy Code) of XBP, except, with advance notice to the Debtors and the Consenting Stakeholders, annual base salary compensation increases and merit-based adjustments in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice or as required by the terms of and in accordance with any written employment or engagement agreement currently in effect between XBP and such person or as required by law; (v) refrain from granting any long term cash incentive awards payable to any “Insiders” (as defined in the Bankruptcy Code) of XBP not existing as of the date of this Agreement or implementing a short term incentive plan for 2026 payable to any “Insiders” (as defined in the Bankruptcy Code) of XBP; and (vi) refrain from entry into any transaction involving the direct or indirect sale, purchase, transfer, or other disposition of a material portion of XBP’s assets outside of the ordinary course of business or the transfer any material portion of any of XBP’s employees outside of the ordinary course of business, taking into account the Restructuring Transactions.

4.02.       Negative Commitments. During the Agreement Effective Period, except (A) as required by contracts existing on the date hereof or applicable Law, (B) with the consent of the Debtors and the Consenting Stakeholders, or (C) as contemplated, allowed, or required by the Plan or this Agreement, XBP agrees that it shall not, directly or indirectly (including directing or encouraging any person, trustee, agent, or entity to):

(a)          take any action that is inconsistent with this Agreement or the Restructuring Transactions or take any other action that would reasonably be expected to interfere with, delay, or impede the effectiveness of the Plan and the consummation of the Restructuring Transactions;

(b)          object to, delay, impede, or take any other action (including by directing or encouraging any other entity or person to take any action) to interfere with acceptance, implementation, or consummation of the Restructuring Transactions;

(d)          file any motion, pleading, or other document with the Bankruptcy Court or any other court (including any modifications or amendments thereof) that, in whole or in part, is not materially consistent with this Agreement, the Consenting Stakeholder PSA, or the Plan;

(e)          initiate, or have initiated on its behalf, any litigation or proceeding of any kind with respect to the Chapter 11 Cases, this Agreement, or the other Restructuring Transactions contemplated herein against the Debtors other than to enforce this Agreement or any Definitive Document or as otherwise permitted under this Agreement;

(f)          exercise, or direct any other person to exercise, any right or remedy for the enforcement, collection, or recovery of any of Claims against or Equity Interests in the Debtors;

(g)         sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of any material portion of its assets outside the ordinary course of business;

(h)          incur any material indebtedness, or guarantee any indebtedness of another entity outside the ordinary course of business;

(i)           issue any Interests or Transfer any ownership (including any beneficial ownership as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) in any Interests to any affiliated or unaffiliated party, including any party in which it may hold a direct or indirect beneficial interest, except pursuant to XBP’s existing equity incentive plan or, solely to the extent needed to fund any obligations of XBP under or related to the Plan, in public offerings pursuant to the Company’s existing shelf registration statement; or

(j)          object to, delay, impede, or take any other action (including by directing or encouraging any other Entity to take any action) to interfere with the Debtors’ ownership and possession of their assets, wherever located, or interfere with the automatic stay arising under section 362 of the Bankruptcy Code.

4.03.          Additional Provisions Regarding XBP’s Commitments. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement shall: (a) affect the ability of XBP to consult with any Consenting Stakeholder, the Debtors, or any other party in interest in the Chapter 11 Cases (including any official committee and the United States Trustee) or their respective advisors, counsel or other representatives, in each case, subject to the terms of any Confidentiality Agreements; (b) impair or waive the rights of XBP to assert or raise any objection not prohibited by this Agreement in connection with the Restructuring Transactions; (c) prevent XBP from enforcing this Agreement or contesting whether any matter, fact, or thing is a breach of, or is inconsistent with, this Agreement; (d) limit the rights of XBP under the Chapter 11 Cases, including appearing as a party in interest in any matter to be adjudicated in order to be heard concerning any matter arising in the Chapter 11 Cases, so long as the exercise of any such right is not inconsistent with XBP’s obligations hereunder; (e) subject to any notice provisions hereunder, prevent XBP from taking any action that is required to comply with applicable Law; (f) prevent XBP from taking any action that is otherwise consistent with this Agreement or the Plan; or (g) require XBP to take any action which is prohibited by applicable Law or to waive or forego the benefit of any applicable legal or professional privilege.

5.01.        Affirmative Commitments. During the Agreement Effective Period, the Debtors shall:

(a)         support and take all actions reasonably necessary and desirable to implement and consummate the Restructuring Transactions in accordance with this Agreement and the Plan;

(b)        to the extent any legal or structural impediment arises that would prevent, hinder, or delay the consummation of the Restructuring Transactions contemplated in this Agreement, negotiate in good faith with XBP appropriate additional or alternative provisions or alternative implementation mechanics to address any such impediment, and support and take all steps reasonably necessary and desirable to address any such impediment;

(c)         obtain any and all required regulatory and third-party approvals and consents for the consummation and implementation of the Restructuring Transactions;

(d)         provide to XBP all financial statements and other information reasonably requested by XBP so that it may seek requisite shareholder consent to complete its portion of the Restructuring Transactions;

(e)         negotiate in good faith and to execute and deliver the Definitive Documents and any other required agreements to effectuate and consummate the Restructuring Transactions as contemplated by this Agreement and the Plan;

(f)          continue ordinary course practices to maintain their good standing under the Laws of the state or other jurisdiction in which they are respectively incorporated, organized, or formed, except to the extent that any failure to maintain the Debtors’ good standing arises solely from the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases;

(g)         use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain Exit Securitization Programs (as defined in the Plan) on economic terms for the Debtors that are superior to those of the Prepetition Securitization Programs (as defined in the Plan) and the Postpetition Securitization Programs (as defined in the Plan) or, in the alternative, to obtain alternative exit financing on superior economic terms to refinance the Prepetition Securitization Programs and the Postpetition Securitization Programs in connection with the Plan;

(h)         consult with XBP in formulating the tax structures and resolving any legacy tax obligations of the consolidated group with respect to the transactions contemplated in the Restructuring Steps Exhibit and the other Restructuring Transactions in a manner acceptable to XBP in its reasonable discretion;

(i)          except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, operate their businesses and operations in the ordinary course in a manner that is consistent with this Agreement and consistent with the Debtors’ past practice, and preserve intact the Debtors’ business organization and relationships with third parties (including, without limitation, suppliers, customers, and governmental and regulatory authorities and employees);

(j)          subject to any confidentiality obligations, provide counsel to XBP a copy of any written Alternative Restructuring Transaction (and, in the case of a verbal proposal, a written summary thereof) within one (1) Business Day of delivery to the board of directors, board of managers, or similar governing body of the Debtors of such proposal and, in any event, three (3) Business Days after the Debtors’ or their advisors’ receipt of such proposal; provided that, the Debtors will make commercially reasonable efforts to share any proposal for an Alternative Restructuring Transaction, including seeking any necessary waivers or modifications of any confidentiality provisions;

(k)         actively and timely oppose and object to the efforts of any person seeking to object to, delay, impede, or take any other action to interfere with the acceptance, implementation, or consummation of the Restructuring Transactions (including, if applicable, the filing of timely filed objections or written responses) to the extent such opposition or objection is reasonably necessary or desirable to facilitate implementation of the Restructuring Transactions;

(l)          inform counsel to XBP in writing (email being sufficient) as soon as reasonably practicable after becoming aware of any Debtor Material Adverse Effect;

(m)        consult with XBP, and consider XBP’s input, as to which executory contracts or unexpired leases are to be terminated, entered into, assumed, or rejected, if any; and subject to the requirements of the Bankruptcy Code whether to (i) enter into or voluntarily terminate any material contract, (ii) materially modify, amend, waive any right under or renew any material contract, other than (in the case of this clause (ii)), in the ordinary course of business or part of an existing plan in effect prior to the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases, (iii) enter into or extend the term or scope of any contract that purports to restrict a Company or any successor thereto, from engaging or competing in any line of business or in any geographic area, or (iv) enter into any material contract that would be breached by, or require the consent of any third party in order to continue in full force following, consummation of the XBP Transactions;

(n)          inform counsel to XBP in writing (email being sufficient) as soon as reasonably practicable after becoming aware of: (i) any matter or circumstance that they know to be a material impediment to the implementation or consummation of the Restructuring Transactions, including, without limitation, any breach of the Consenting Stakeholders PSA by any party thereto or the occurrence of any Termination Event under the Consenting Stakeholders PSA; (ii) any notice of any commencement of any material involuntary insolvency proceedings, legal suit for payment of debt or securement of security from or by any person in respect of the Debtors or any of their direct or indirect subsidiaries; (iii) any material breach of any of the terms, conditions, representations, warranties or covenants set forth in this Agreement (including a breach by the Debtors); or (iv) any representation or statement made or deemed to be made by them under this Agreement which is or proves to have been incorrect or misleading in any material respect when made or deemed to be made;

(o)          promptly following the date hereof, provide a budget for the Debtors’ anticipated operations until the Plan Effective Date, including professional fees and escrowed amounts (the “Budget”);

(p)          make available the Chief Restructuring Officer, Deputy Chief Restructuring Officer, the Debtors’ financial adviser and management to help facilitate the transition and ongoing operations, and provide copies of all reports of the adviser provided to the Debtors board of directors and management; and

(q)          require that the Exit Facilities Documents and Exit Securitization Program Documents provide specific, standalone, covenant permissions for the payment of the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of (1) Loeb & Loeb LLP, as counsel to XBP, and (2) any other advisors to XBP to the extent subsequently approved by the board of Directors of XBP, in each case for work related to the Restructuring Transactions.

5.02.        Negative Commitments. During the Agreement Effective Period, the Debtors shall not, directly or indirectly, and XBP shall not, directly or indirectly, cause the Debtors to:

(a)          take any action that is inconsistent with this Agreement, the Plan, the Definitive Documents, or the Restructuring Transactions or take any other action that would reasonably be expected to interfere with, delay, or impede the consummation of the Plan and the Restructuring Transactions;

(b)          file any motion, pleading, order or any Definitive Documents with the Bankruptcy Court or any other court (including any modifications or amendments thereof) that, in whole or in part, is inconsistent with this Agreement, the Plan, or the Restructuring Transactions; or

(c)          Without limiting the generality of Section 5.02(a), except as otherwise expressly contemplated by the Plan or the Definitive Documents or consented to by XBP in writing, no Debtor shall:

(i)           amend or modify its governing documents or propose any amendment to any of its governing documents of a Debtor;

(ii)          (A) issue, deliver, sell, grant, dispose of, pledge or otherwise encumber any shares of capital stock of any class or any other equity interest or any rights, warrants, options, calls, commitments or any other agreements of any character to purchase or acquire any securities of a Debtor, (B) redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any outstanding securities of a Debtor, or any rights, warrants, options, calls, commitments, convertible securities or any other agreements of any character to acquire any securities of a Debtor, (C) adjust, split, combine, subdivide or reclassify any securities of a Debtor, or (D) enter into, amend or waive any of the rights under any contract with respect to the sale or repurchase of any securities of a Debtor;

(iii)         directly or indirectly acquire or agree to acquire in any transaction any equity interest in, or business of, any firm, corporation, partnership, company, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association or other entity or division thereof or the purchase (including by license, collaboration or joint development agreement) directly or indirectly of any properties or assets (other than purchases of supplies and inventory in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice);

(iv)         sell, pledge, dispose of, transfer, abandon, allow to lapse or expire, lease, license, mortgage or otherwise encumber or subject to any lien (including pursuant to a sale-leaseback transaction or an asset securitization transaction) any properties, rights or assets with a fair market value in excess of $100,000 individually or $250,000 in the aggregate;

(v)          incur, create, assume or otherwise become liable for any indebtedness for borrowed money (including the issuance of any debt security and the assumption or guarantee of obligations of any person) (or enter into a “keep well” or similar agreement) or issue or sell any debt securities or options, warrants, calls or other rights to acquire any debt securities of a Debtor, except for (A) letters of credit, (B) trade credit or trade payables, in each case in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, or (C) subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court, indebtedness to finance the Debtors Chapter 11 Proceedings;

(vi)        declare, set aside, make or pay any dividend or other distribution, whether payable in cash, stock, property or otherwise, in respect of a Debtor;

(vii)       other than as required by applicable law or as required by the terms of a benefit plan of a Debtor as in effect on the date hereof (or adopted hereafter in compliance with this clause, (A) increase the compensation or benefits (including severance benefits) of any current or former employees, officers, directors or other individual service providers of a Debtor, (B) take any action to accelerate the vesting or payment, or prefund or in any other way secure the payment of, compensation or benefits under any benefit plan of a Debtor, (C) enter into, negotiate, establish, amend, extend or terminate any benefit plan or collective bargaining agreement of a Debtor, or (D) change any actuarial or other assumptions used to calculate funding obligations with respect to any benefit plan of a Debtor or to change the manner in which contributions to such plans are made or the basis on which such contributions are determined, except insofar as may be required by GAAP, applicable law or regulatory guidelines;

(viii)       incur any expense outside the ordinary course of business that is inconsistent with the Budget in any material respect;

(ix)          make any material changes in financial accounting methods, principles or practices (or change an annual accounting period), except insofar as may be required by GAAP, applicable law or regulatory guidelines;

(x)          write up, write down or write off the book value of any material assets, except to the extent required by GAAP;

(xi)          (A) make, change or revoke any entity classification election for tax purposes or, except as in the ordinary course of business, other material tax election, (B) adopt or change any material method of tax accounting or change any tax accounting period, (C) enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Internal Review Code of 1986 (or any comparable or similar provisions of applicable law), or settle or compromise any liability with respect to material taxes (other than in connection with the Chapter 11 Proceedings), (D) file any material amended tax return or file any material tax return inconsistent with past practice, (E) consent to any extension or waiver of the limitations period applicable to any claim or assessment with respect of material taxes other than such extensions for filing tax returns obtained in the ordinary course of business, or (F) surrender any right to claim any material tax refund or credit;

(xii)         make or commit to any capital expenditures in excess of $500,000;

(xiii)        make any investment (by contribution to capital, property transfers, purchase of securities or otherwise) in, or loan or advance (other than travel and similar advances to its employees in the ordinary course of business) to, any Person;

(xiv)       hire, engage or terminate (other than a termination for cause or as part of an existing optimization plan in effect prior to the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases) the employment or engagement of, any employee, individual independent contractor or consultant who earns or will earn annual base compensation in excess of $150,000;

(xv)        fail to maintain in effect material insurance policies covering a Debtor and their respective properties, assets and businesses;

(xvi)       (A) purchase any marketable securities or (B) change the investment guidelines with respect to a Debtor’s investment portfolio;

(xvii)      forgive any loans to any employees, officers or directors of a Debtor, or any of their respective affiliates; or

(xviii)     (A) sell, transfer, assign, lease, license, covenant not to enforce, cancel, dedicate to the public, disclaim, forfeit, reissue, reexamine or abandon or otherwise dispose of any rights to any intellectual property material to the Debtors, taken as a whole, other than licensing non-exclusive rights to third parties in the ordinary course of business, or (B) disclose to any Person any proprietary information, except, in the ordinary course of business to a Person that is subject to reasonable and appropriate confidentiality obligations.

5.03.        Additional Provisions Regarding the Debtors’ Commitments.

(a)          Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement shall require the Disinterested Director, after consulting with outside counsel, to take any action or to refrain from taking any action with respect to the Restructuring Transactions to the extent taking or failing to take such action would be inconsistent with applicable Law or its fiduciary obligations under applicable Law, and any such action or inaction pursuant to this Section 5.03 shall not be deemed to constitute a breach of this Agreement; provided that the foregoing shall not impede any Party’s termination rights as set forth in Section 8 of this Agreement. The Debtors shall promptly notify XBP of any such determination within one (1) Business Day following such determination.

(b)          Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement (but subject to Section 5.03), each Debtor and their respective directors, officers, employees, investment bankers, attorneys, accountants, consultants, and other advisors or representatives shall have the rights to: (i) consider any unsolicited Alternative Restructuring Transaction; (ii) provide access to non-public information concerning any Debtor to any Entity that (x) has submitted an unsolicited proposal with respect to an Alternative Restructuring Transaction and (y) has entered into a reasonable and customary Confidentiality Agreement or a reasonable and customary nondisclosure agreement with the Debtors; provided that, to the extent practicable, the Debtors shall provide notice to XBP within one (1) day of providing access to such non-public information; (iii) maintain or continue discussions or negotiations with respect to any Alternative Restructuring Transactions if such person or entity, acting in good faith and after consulting with outside counsel, determines that the failure to take such action would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties or applicable Law; provided that, to the extent practicable, the Debtors shall provide notice to XBP within one (1) day of taking such action; and (iv) enter into or continue discussions or negotiations with holders of Claims against or Equity Interests in a Debtor, any other party in interest in the Chapter 11 Cases (including any official committee and the United States Trustee), or any other Entity regarding the Restructuring Transactions; provided that, to the extent practicable, the Debtors shall provide notice to XBP within one (1) day of providing access to such non-public information.

(c)          Nothing in this Agreement shall: (i) impair or waive the rights of any Debtor to assert or raise any objection permitted under this Agreement in connection with the Restructuring Transactions; (ii) prevent any Debtor from enforcing this Agreement or contesting whether any matter, fact, or thing is a breach of, or is inconsistent with, this Agreement; or (iii) require any Debtor to take any action which is prohibited by applicable Law or to waive or forego the benefit of any applicable legal or professional privilege.

Section 6.         Mutual Representations, Warranties, and Covenants. XBP and each of the Debtors, jointly and severally subject to any necessary Bankruptcy Court approval, as and to the extent applicable, hereby represents, warrants, and covenants to each other, as of the date such Party executed and delivered this Agreement:

(a)          (i) it is validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the state of its organization or incorporation, and (ii) this Agreement is a legal, valid, and binding obligation of such Party, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement may be limited by applicable Laws relating to or limiting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability;

(b)          except as expressly provided in this Agreement, the XBP Transaction Documents, the Plan (including the requirement of obtaining XBP shareholder consent for those actions requiring shareholder consent as set forth in the Restructuring Steps Exhibit) and the Bankruptcy Code, no consent or approval is required by any other person or entity in order for it to effectuate the Restructuring Transactions contemplated by, and perform its respective obligations under, this Agreement;

(c)          the entry into and performance by it of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement do not, and will not, conflict in any material respect with any Law or regulation applicable to it or with any of its articles of association, memorandum of association or other constitutional documents;

(d)          except as expressly provided in this Agreement, it has (or will have, at the relevant time) all requisite corporate or other power and authority to enter into, execute, and deliver this Agreement and to effectuate the Restructuring Transactions contemplated by, and perform its respective obligations under, this Agreement; and

(e)          except as expressly provided in this Agreement, it is not party to any restructuring or similar agreements or arrangements with the other Parties to this Agreement that have not been disclosed to all Parties to this Agreement.

Section 7.          Officer’s Certificate. On the date scheduled to be the Effective Date, i.e., the date on which all Conditions in the Plan have been satisfied or stand ready to be satisfied, the Debtors shall so inform XBP and shall present XBP an officer’s certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Officers’ Certificate”).

8.01.        Debtor Termination Events. The Debtors may terminate this Agreement as to all Parties upon prior written notice to XBP in accordance with Section 11.11 of this Agreement (each, a “Debtor Termination Notice”) upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each, a “Debtor Termination Event”):

(a)         the breach by XBP of any of the representations, warranties, or covenants of XBP set forth in this Agreement that would have, or could reasonably be expected to have, a material adverse effect on the Restructuring Transactions, which breach remains uncured (to the extent curable) for five (5) business days after delivery of the Debtor Termination Notice detailing any such breach; or

(b)         in accordance with Section 5.03, the Debtors determine in good faith, after consultation with counsel (which may be internal or outside counsel) (i) that continued performance under this Agreement or proceeding with any of the Restructuring Transactions would be inconsistent with the exercise of their fiduciary duties or applicable Law or (ii) in the exercise of its fiduciary duties, to pursue an Alternative Restructuring Proposal.

8.02.          XBP Termination Event. XBP may terminate this Agreement as to all Parties upon prior written notice to all Parties in accordance with Section 11.11 of this Agreement (a “XBP Termination Notice”) upon the occurrence of any of the following events; provided that XBP does not directly or indirectly cause the occurrence of such events (collectively, the “XBP Termination Events”):

(a)         the failure of the Restructuring Transactions to have been consummated by August 7, 2025, including as result of XBP’s failing to receive shareholder or Nasdaq approval for the issuances of shares of XBP common stock contemplated by the Plan;

(c)         any Debtor or other Consenting Stakeholder revokes the Restructuring Transactions without the prior consent of XBP to the extent necessary, including the withdrawal of the Plan, as applicable, or support therefor, or publicly announces its intention to take any such act;

(d)         the breach by the Debtors of any of the representations, warranties, or covenants of the Debtors set forth in this Agreement that would have, or could reasonably be expected to have, a material adverse effect on the Restructuring Transactions, or the material breach of the covenants contained in this Agreement, which breach remains uncured (to the extent curable) for five (5) business days after delivery of the XBP Termination Notice detailing any such breach;

(e)         the occurrence of a Debtor Material Adverse Effect;

(f)         the failure of the Debtors to deliver to XBP the Officer’s Certificate;

(g)        the issuance by any governmental authority, including any regulatory authority or court of competent jurisdiction, of any final, non-appealable ruling or order that (i) enjoins the consummation of a material portion of the Restructuring Transactions and (ii) remains in effect for thirty (30) Business Days after XBP transmits a written notice in accordance with Section 11.11 hereof detailing any such issuance;

(h)         the failure of the Debtors to give prompt notice (email being sufficient) to XBP within twenty-four (24) hours of the Disinterested Director making the determination (i) that proceeding with any of the Restructuring Transactions would be inconsistent with the exercise of its fiduciary duties or applicable Law, or (ii) in the exercise of its fiduciary duties, to enter into an Alternative Restructuring Transaction;

(i)          this Agreement or any Definitive Document is amended, waived, or modified in any manner that is inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement unless (i) such amendment, waiver, or modification has been approved in writing by XBP or (ii) such amendment, waiver, or modification is annulled, deemed invalid, or otherwise modified such that it is consistent with the terms of this Agreement within three (3) Business Days from its purported effectiveness;

(j)          the failure of the Debtors to use commercially reasonable efforts to inform XBP in writing (email being sufficient) after becoming aware (and in any event within twenty-four (24) hours after becoming so aware) of: (i) any event or circumstance that has occurred, or that is likely to occur, that would permit any Party to terminate, or that would result in the termination of, this Agreement; (ii) any event or circumstance that has occurred, or that is likely to occur, that would permit any party to terminate, or that would result in the termination of, the Consenting Stakeholders PSA; (iii) any matter or circumstance that is, or is likely to be, an impediment to the implementation or consummation of the Restructuring Transactions; (iv) the threat or commencement of any involuntary Insolvency Proceeding, lawsuit, investigation, hearing, or enforcement action from or by any person or entity in respect of any Debtor; (iv) a breach of this Agreement by the Debtors; or (v) any representation or statement made by the Debtors under this Agreement which is or proves to have been incorrect or misleading in any respect when made;

(k)         the public announcement by the Debtors of their intention not to support the Restructuring Transactions;

(l)          the transmission of a DIP Termination Notice under (and as defined in) the DIP Orders or the DIP Documents;

(m)        (i) the entry of an order by the Bankruptcy Court, or the filing of a motion or application by any Debtor seeking an order that is not stayed, vacated, or withdrawn fourteen (14) days from entry, or (ii) the filing of a motion or application in the Bankruptcy Court by any Debtor that has not been withdrawn five (5) days after filing, in each case without the prior written consent of XBP, (1) converting one or more of the Chapter 11 Cases of the Debtors to a case under chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, (2) appointing an examiner or a trustee in one or more of the Chapter 11 Cases of Debtors, (3) rejecting this Agreement, or (4) dismissing one or more of the Chapter 11 Cases of the Debtors;

(n)         any court of competent jurisdiction has entered a final, non-appealable judgment or order declaring this Agreement to be unenforceable;

(o)         the Bankruptcy Court or a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order (i) converting the Chapter 11 Cases to cases under chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code, (ii) dismissing the Chapter 11 Cases, or (iii) appointing a trustee for the Chapter 11 Cases, which order in each case has not been reversed, stayed, or vacated within five (5) Business Days after XBP provides written notice to the Debtors that such order is materially inconsistent with this Agreement; or

(p)        on or after July 14, 2025, if a Governance Term Sheet, acceptable to XBP, has not been agreed by the relevant parties and in a format that can be filed with Bankruptcy Court.

8.03.         Mutual Termination. This Agreement, and the obligations of all Parties hereunder, may be terminated by mutual written agreement among (a) each Debtor and (b) XBP.

8.04.         Automatic Termination. This Agreement shall terminate automatically as to all Parties without any further required action or notice immediately upon the effective date of the Restructuring Transactions pursuant to the Plan.

8.05.         Effect of Termination. Upon the occurrence of a XBP Termination Event or Debtor Termination Event or the mutual termination of this Agreement by the Parties pursuant to Section 8.03, this Agreement shall be of no further force and effect as to such Party and each Party subject to such termination, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, shall be released from its commitments, undertakings, and agreements under or related to this Agreement and shall have the rights and remedies that it would have had, had it not entered into this Agreement; provided, however, that in no event shall such termination relieve any Party from (i) liability for its breach or non-performance of its obligations under this Agreement prior to such termination, or (ii) obligations under this Agreement which by their terms expressly survive termination of this Agreement. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement is intended to, or does, in any manner waive, limit, impair, or restrict any right of any Party or the ability of any Party to protect and preserve their rights (including rights under this Agreement), remedies, and interests, including its claims against any other Party. No purported termination of this Agreement shall be effective under this section or otherwise if the Party seeking to terminate this Agreement is in breach of this Agreement. Nothing in this Section 8.05shall restrict the Debtors’ right to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 8.01(b).

(a)          This Agreement may not be modified, amended, or supplemented, and no condition or requirement of this Agreement may be waived, without the prior written consent of the Debtors and XBP. Any proposed modification, amendment, waiver, or supplement that does not comply with this Section 9 shall be ineffective and void ab initio.

(b)          The waiver by any Party of a breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not operate or be construed as (i) a further or continuing waiver of such breach, (ii) a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, or (iii) a waiver of any provision of this Agreement by another Party. No failure on the part of any Party to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, power, or remedy under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver of any such right, power, or remedy or any provision of this Agreement, nor shall any single or partial exercise of such right, power, or remedy by such Party preclude any other or further exercise of such right, power, or remedy or the exercise of any other right, power, or remedy. All remedies under this Agreement are cumulative and are not exclusive of any other remedies provided by Law.

Section 10.         Releases. The Debtors agree to continue to support the release of XBP in the Plan in substantially the form set forth in the Plan (and which shall not be subject to any reservation of rights effective upon the Plan Effective Date).

11.01.          Acknowledgement. Notwithstanding any other provision herein, this Agreement is not and shall not be deemed to be an offer with respect to any securities or solicitation of votes for the acceptance of a plan of reorganization for purposes of sections 1125 and 1126 of the Bankruptcy Code or otherwise. Any such offer or solicitation will be made only in compliance with all applicable securities Laws, provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, or other applicable Law.

11.02.          Exhibits Incorporated by Reference; Conflicts. Each of the exhibits, annexes, signatures pages, and schedules attached hereto is expressly incorporated herein and made a part of this Agreement, and all references to this Agreement shall include such exhibits, annexes, and schedules. In the event of any inconsistency between this Agreement (without reference to the exhibits, annexes, and schedules hereto) and the exhibits, annexes, and schedules hereto, this Agreement (without reference to the exhibits, annexes, and schedules thereto) shall govern.

11.03.          Further Assurances. Subject to the other terms of this Agreement, the Parties agree to execute and deliver such other instruments and perform such acts, in addition to the matters herein specified, as may be appropriate or necessary, or as may be required by order of the Bankruptcy Court, from time to time, to effectuate the Restructuring Transactions, as applicable.

11.04.          Complete Agreement. Except as otherwise explicitly provided herein, this Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, oral or written, among the Parties with respect thereto.

11.05.          GOVERNING LAW; SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION; SELECTION OF FORUM. THIS AGREEMENT IS TO BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN SUCH STATE, WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THEREOF. Each Party hereto agrees that it shall bring any action or proceeding in respect of any claim arising out of or related to this Agreement, to the extent possible, in the Bankruptcy Court, and solely in connection with claims arising under this Agreement: (a) irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court; (b) waives any objection to laying venue in any such action or proceeding in the Bankruptcy Court; and (c) waives any objection that the Bankruptcy Court is an inconvenient forum or does not have jurisdiction over any Party hereto; provided that, to the extent the Chapter 11 Cases are dismissed, each Party hereto agrees that it shall bring any action or proceeding in respect of any claim arising out of or related to this Agreement in a court of competent jurisdiction located in New York, New York.

11.06.          TRIAL BY JURY WAIVER. EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

11.07.          Execution of Agreement. This Agreement may be executed and delivered in any number of counterparts and by way of electronic signature and delivery, each such counterpart, when executed and delivered, shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute the same agreement. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, each individual executing this Agreement on behalf of a Party has been duly authorized and empowered to execute and deliver this Agreement on behalf of said Party. The words “execution,” “execute,” “signed,” “signature,” and words of like import in or related to any document to be signed in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to include electronic signatures, the electronic matching of assignment terms and contract formations on electronic platforms approved by us, or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity, or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.

11.08.          Rules of Construction. This Agreement is the product of negotiations among the Debtors and XBP, and in the enforcement or interpretation hereof, is to be interpreted in a neutral manner, and any presumption with regard to interpretation for or against any Party by reason of that Party having drafted or caused to be drafted this Agreement, or any portion hereof, shall not be effective in regard to the interpretation hereof. The Debtors and XBP were each represented by counsel during the negotiations and drafting of this Agreement and continue to be represented by counsel.

11.09.          Successors and Assigns; Third Parties. This Agreement is intended to bind and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns, as applicable. The Consenting Stakeholders shall be third party beneficiaries of this Agreement to the extent any such party seeking to enforce the provision hereof against XBP consents that XBP is a third-party beneficiary of the Consenting Stakeholders PSA with respect to such Consenting Stakeholder. The rights or obligations of any Party under this Agreement may not be assigned, delegated, or transferred to any other person or entity.

11.10.          Relationship Among the Parties. It is understood and agreed that no Party to this Agreement has any duty of trust or confidence in any form with any other Party, and, except as provided in this Agreement, there are no agreements, commitments, or undertakings between or among them. No prior history, pattern, or practice of sharing confidence among or between the Parties shall in any way affect or negate this understanding and agreement.

11.11.          Notices. All notices hereunder shall be deemed given if in writing and delivered, by email, courier, or registered or certified mail (return receipt requested), to the following addresses (or at such other addresses as shall be specified by like notice):

New York, NY 10020
Attn:    Alexander W. Welch, Hugh Murtagh, and Jonathan Weichselbaum

XBP Europe Holdings Inc.
1237 7th Street
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Attn:    Chief Executive Officer

Loeb & Loeb LLP
345 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10154
Attn:    Erik Mengwall, Bethany D. Simmons

(d)         Any notice given by delivery, mail, or courier shall be effective when received.

11.12.          Independent Due Diligence and Decision Making. XBP hereby confirms that its decision to execute this Agreement has been based upon its independent investigation of the operations, businesses, financial and other conditions, and prospects of the Debtors. XBP acknowledges and agrees that it is not relying on any representation or warranties other than as set forth in this Agreement.

11.13.          Enforceability of Agreement. Each of the Parties to the extent enforceable waives any right to assert that the exercise of termination rights under this Agreement is subject to the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, and expressly stipulates and consents hereunder to the prospective modification of the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code for purposes of exercising termination rights under this Agreement, to the extent the Bankruptcy Court determines that such relief is required; provided that nothing herein shall prejudice any Party’s rights to argue that the exercise of termination rights was not proper under the terms of this Agreement.

11.14.          Waiver. If the Restructuring Transactions are not consummated, or if this Agreement is terminated for any reason, the Parties fully reserve any and all of their rights. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 408 and any other applicable rules of evidence, this Agreement and all negotiations relating hereto shall not be admissible into evidence in any proceeding other than a proceeding to enforce its terms or the payment of damages to which a Party may be entitled under this Agreement.

11.15.          Severability and Construction. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, invalid, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect if essential terms and conditions of this Agreement for each Party remain valid, binding, and enforceable.

11.16.          Remedies Cumulative; Specific Performance; Damages.

(a)          All rights, powers, and remedies provided under this Agreement or otherwise available in respect hereof at Law or in equity shall be cumulative and not alternative, and the exercise of any right, power, or remedy thereof by any Party shall not preclude the simultaneous or later exercise of any other such right, power, or remedy by such Party.

(b)          It is understood and agreed by the Parties that money damages would be an insufficient remedy for any breach of this Agreement by any Party, and each non-breaching Party shall be entitled to specific performance and injunctive or other equitable relief (without the posting of any bond and without proof of actual damages) as a remedy of any such breach, including an order of the Bankruptcy Court or other court of competent jurisdiction requiring any Party to comply promptly with any of its obligations hereunder.

(c)          Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, none of the Parties or any of their respective successors or assigns shall make a claim against, or seek to recover from, any other Party or the successors, assigns, affiliates, directors, officers, employees, counsel, representatives, agents, or attorneys-in-fact of any of them for any special, indirect, consequential, exemplary, or punitive damages or damages for lost profits in respect of any claim for breach of contract or any other theory of liability arising out of or related to this Agreement.

11.17.          Email Consents. Where a written consent, acceptance, approval, or waiver is required pursuant to or contemplated by this Agreement, including a written approval by the Debtors or XBP, such written consent, acceptance, approval, or waiver shall be deemed to have occurred if, by agreement between counsel to the Parties submitting and receiving such consent, acceptance, approval, or waiver, it is conveyed in writing (including email) between each such counsel without representations or warranties of any kind on behalf of such counsel.

11.18.          Survival. Notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, the agreements and obligations of the Parties in Section 5.03, and any defined terms needed for the interpretation of any such Sections shall survive such termination and shall continue in full force and effect for the benefit of the Parties in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Parties acknowledge and agree that if this Agreement is terminated, Section 10 shall survive such termination, and any and all Releases as approved by the Bankruptcy Court shall remain in full force and effect as of the Plan Effective Date.

11.19.          Representation by Counsel. Each Party acknowledges that it has had an opportunity to receive information from the Debtors and that it has been, or is part of a group that has been, or has had an opportunity to be, represented by counsel in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. Accordingly, any rule of law or any legal decision that would provide any Party with a defense to the enforcement of the terms of this Agreement against such Party based upon lack of legal counsel shall have no application and is expressly waived.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement on the day and year first above written.

Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, Neon Acquisition, LLC, Exela Intermediate LLC, Exela Finance Inc., and XCV-EMEA, LLC on behalf of themselves and their Debtor Affiliates

I, [Officer’s Name], the [Officer] of Exela Technologies BPA, LLC and Neon Acquisition, LLC (collectively with their subsidiaries, the “Companies”), HEREBY CERTIFY to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. in connection with the Transaction Support Agreement dated as of July _, 2025 (the “Agreement”) as follows as of the date hereof and after giving effect to the Restructuring Transactions:

I hereby affirm that the foregoing statements are true, accurate, and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief as of the date hereof and that capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given in the Agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have executed this Certificate as of the [day] of [month], 2025.

[Officer's Name]
[x] Officer
Exela Technologies BPA, LLC and Neon Acquisition, LLC

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
TO THE THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF XBP GLOBAL HOLDINGS, INC.

XBP Global Holdings, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”), hereby certifies that:

1. The name of the Corporation is XBP Global Holdings, Inc. The original certificate of incorporation of the Corporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 8, 2020, under the name “CF Finance Acquisition Corp. VIII.”

2. This Certificate of Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly authorized and adopted by the Corporation’s Board of Directors and stockholders in accordance with Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and amends the provisions of the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

3. The amendment to the existing Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation being effected hereby is as follows:

“F. Upon this Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Certificate becoming effective pursuant to the DGCL during the year ending December 31, 2025 (the “2025 Effective Time”), each three (3) to fifteen (15) shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the 2025 Effective Time shall automatically be reclassified and combined into one (1) validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of Common Stock, the exact ratio within the foregoing range to be determined by the Board and publicly announced by the Corporation prior to the 2025 Effective Time, without any further action by the Corporation or the holder thereof (the “2025 Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares shall be issued in connection with the 2025 Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who otherwise would be entitled to receive fractional shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive cash (without interest or deduction) from the Corporation’s transfer agent in lieu of such fractional share interests upon the submission of a transmission letter by a stockholder and, where shares are held in certificated form, the surrender of the applicable certificate, in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (a) the closing price per share of the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market as of the date of the 2025 Effective Time (after giving effect to the 2025 Reverse Stock Split) by (b) the fraction of one share owned by the stockholder.”

4. This Certificate of Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation shall be effective immediately upon filing with the Delaware Secretary of State.

241487168.1 922222-14256 SCAN TO VIEW MATERIALS &VOTE XBP EUROPE HOLDINGS, INC. 1237 7th St., Santa Monica. CA 90401 VOTE BY INTERNET Before The Meeting - Go to www.proxyvote.com or scan the QR Barcode above Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information. Vote by 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time on July 25, 2025. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. During The Meeting - Go to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/XBP2025 You may attend the meeting via the Internet and vote during the meeting. Have the information that is printed in the box marked by the arrow available and follow the instructions. VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions. Vote by 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time on July 25, 2025. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions. VOTE BY MAIL Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.

241487168.1 922222-14256 TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: V76833-TBD KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED. DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY XBP EUROPE HOLDINGS, INC. (the “Company”) The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following: 1. To consider and vote upon a proposal to elect two directors to serve on the board of directors until the 2028 annual meeting of stockholders or until such earlier time as may result from the approval of proposal 3c. and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. Nominees: For Withhold 1a. James G. Reynolds 3d. Conditioned on receipt of the requisite vote on the Proposals 3a, 3b and 3c, to approve the proposed amended charter in the form For Against Abstain 1b. Andrej Jonovic attached as Annex A to the proxy statement, which includes the approval of all other changes in the proposed amended charter in connection with replacing the existing XBP Charter with The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following: 2. To consider and vote upon a proposal to ratify the appointment of UHY For Against Abstain the proposed amended charter and making any conforming amendments should any proposal fail to pass. LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2025. 3. To approve and adopt an amendment and restatement to the second amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Company’s (the “XBP Charter”) for the following amendments. 3a. To provide that the name of the Company shall be changed to Global Holdings, Inc.”; 3b. To increase the number of authorized shares from 210,000,000, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, each with a par value of $0.0001, to 420,000,000 consisting of 400,000,000 shares of Company’s common stock, and 20,000,000 shares of Company’s preferred stock; 3c. To amend certain provisions in the XBP Charter (a) to remove the existing staggered board, (b) to reestablish the right for stockholders to vote by written consent without a meeting except in the case of (i) the election of directors and (ii) the approval of a merger, consolidation, conversion, or sale of all or substantially all assets, and (c) to amend the existing corporate opportunities waiver to clarify the circumstances where the waiver will not apply; and 4. To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635, the issuance of up to 91,344,311 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock plus any additional shares of the Company’s common stock that may be purchased to satisfy certain funding obligations under the plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 cases applicable to certain of the Company’s subsidiaries dated May 7, 2025, which amount will be determined as described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement. 5. To adopt an amendment to the XBP Charter to effect a reverse split of Company’s outstanding common stock at a ratio in the range of 1-for-3 to 1-for-15, to be determined at the discretion of Company’s board of directors and publicly announced during 2025, whereby each outstanding 3 to 15 shares would be combined, converted and changed into 1 share of Company.’s common stock. 6. To consider and vote upon a proposal to adjourn the Annual Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies if, based upon the tabulated vote at the time of the Annual Meeting, there are not sufficient votes to approve above proposals. NOTE: To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof. Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer. Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX Date Signature (Joint Owners Date p

241487168.1 922222-14256 Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting: The Proxy Statement and Form 10-K are available at www.proxyvote.com. V76834-TBD XBP EUROPE HOLDINGS, INC. Annual Meeting of Stockholders July 25, 2025 10:00 A.M., ET This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors The stockholder(s) hereby appoint(s) Ana Krstic and Ross Dawson, singly, as proxy, with the power to appoint his/her substitute, and hereby authorize(s) him/her to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side of this ballot and upon such other business as may properly come before the meeting, all of the shares of Common Stock of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. that the stockholder(s)is/are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held at 10:00 a.m., ET, on July 25, 2025, virtually via the Internet by visiting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. This proxy, when properly executed, will be voted in the manner directed herein. If no such direction is made, this proxy will be voted in accordance with the Board of Directors' recommendations.

241487168.1 922222-14256 Continued and to be signed on reverse side

x		Preliminary Proxy Statement
¨		Confidential, for the use of the Commission only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
¨		Definitive Proxy Statement
¨		Definitive Additional Materials
¨		Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12

x		No fee required
¨		Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
¨		Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11

EXPLANATORY NOTE	1

BACKGROUND	1

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT	4

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA	4

FREQUENTLY USED TERMS	4

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	5

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS	7

SUMMARY OF THE PROXY STATEMENT	12

RISK FACTORS	19

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION	33

THE ANNUAL MEETING	39

THE DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 1)	43

THE AUDITOR RATIFICATION PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 2)	51

THE CHARTER AMENDMENT PROPOSALS (PROPOSALS 3A THROUGH 3D)	53

THE NASDAQ PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 4)	54

THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT PROPOSAL (Proposal 5)	56

THE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 6)	63

BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES	69

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS	71

	As of March 31, 2025
	Predecessor			Reorganization Adjustments			Fresh Start Adjustments			Successor			XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (Historical)			Business Combination Adjustments			XBP Global
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,699		$	34,679	(A)				$	53,378		$	9,681					$	63,059
Restricted cash		38,237			-						38,237			-						38,237
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses		44,555			98,419	(B)					142,974			26,928						169,902
Related party receivables and prepaid expenses		10,488			-						10,488			-			(10,100	) (P)		388
Inventories, net		6,903			-			690	(K)		7,593			3,650						11,243
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		27,328			-						27,328			5,756						33,084
Current assets held for sale		-			-						-			1,526						1,526
Total current assets		146,210			133,098			690			279,998			47,541			(10,100	)		317,440
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation		43,520			-			6,347	(K)		49,867			12,223						62,090
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net		28,988			-						28,988			4,861						33,849
Goodwill		39,718			-			(39,718	) (K)		-			22,656						22,656
Intangible assets, net		126,643			-			405,712	(K)		532,355			1,173						533,528
Deferred income tax assets		-			-						-			7,101						7,101
Other noncurrent assets		16,653			-						16,653			3,422						20,075
Total assets	$	401,732		$	133,098		$	373,031		$	907,861		$	98,977		$	(10,100	)	$	996,739

Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit

Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt		193,345			(155,700	) (C)					37,645			5,443						43,088
Accounts payable		11,809			(4,165	) (C)					7,644			13,507						21,151
Related party payables		270			-						270			4,544			(4,204	) (L)		610
Income tax payable		10,933			-						10,933			-						10,933
Accrued liabilities		4,464			44,950	(D)					49,414			25,015						74,429
Accrued compensation and benefits		27,656			-						27,656			17,951						45,607
Accrued interest		1,552			-						1,552			-						1,552
Customer deposits		971			16,098	(E)					17,069			328						17,397
Deferred revenue		7,759			-						7,759			7,419						15,178
Obligation for claim payment		63,644			1,599	(E)					65,243			-						65,243
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		5,282			-						5,282			4						5,286
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		9,108			-						9,108			1,826						10,934
Current liabilities held for sale		-			-						-			1,761						1,761
Total current liabilities		336,793			(97,219	)		-			239,574			77,798			(4,204	)		313,168
Related party notes payable		-			-						-			1,512			(1,512	) (L)		-
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		1,468			313,501	(F)					314,969			24,289						339,258
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		6,744			-						6,744			-						6,744
Net defined benefit liability		1,076			-						1,076			-						1,076
Deferred income tax liabilities		13,691			-			103,187	(K)		116,878			-						116,878
Long term income tax liabilities		8,496			-						8,496			-						8,496
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		22,528			-						22,528			3,227						25,755
Other long-term liabilities		557			-						557			12,539						13,096
Liabilities subject to compromise		1,428,247			(1,428,247	) (G)					0			-						0
Total liabilities		1,819,600			(1,211,965	)		103,187			710,822			119,365			(5,716	)		824,471
Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ Deficit
Net parent investments		(1,408,601	)		-			1,408,601	(K)		-			-			-			-
Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 35,711,498 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and 30,166,102 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, respectively		-			-						-			36			8	(S)		44
Additional paid in capital		-			-			303,813	(K)		303,813			7,494			(8	)(S)		311,299
Accumulated deficit		-			1,345,063	(H)		(1,451,837	) (K)		(106,774	)		(28,055	)		(4,383	) (M)		(139,212	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:					-						-						-			-
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(9,267	)		-			9,267	(K)		-			(102	)		-			(102	)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax		-			-			-			-			239			-			239
Total Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(9,267	)		-			9,267			-			137			-			137
Total stockholder's equity (deficit)		(1,417,868	)		1,345,063			269,844			197,039			(20,388	)		(4,383	)		172,268
Total liabilities and stockholder's deficit	$	401,732		$	133,098		$	373,031		$	907,861		$	98,977		$	(10,100	)	$	996,739

	For the Period Ended March 31, 2025
	Predecessor			Reorganization Adjustments			Fresh Start Adjustments			Successor			XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.			Business Combination Adjustments			XBP Global
Revenue	$	190,495									190,495		$	37,531			-			228,026
Related party revenue, net		1,484									1,484			142			(1,749	) (N)		(123	)
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		150,645									150,645			26,309			-			176,954
Related party cost of revenue		876									876			9			(151	) (O)		734
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		22,262									22,262			10,953			-			33,215
Depreciation and amortization		10,535						10,820	(K)		21,355			627			-			21,982
Impairment of goodwill		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Related party expense		1,677									1,677			1,562			(1,271	) (O)		1,968
Operating Profit (loss)		5,984			-			(10,820	)		(7,804	)		(1,787	)		(327	)		(6,950	)
Other expense (income), net:
Interest expense, net		23,780			(12,092	) (I)					11,688			1,721			-			13,409
Related party interest expense (income), net		-									-			23			(23	) (O)		-
Debt modification and extinguishment cost (gain), net		109									109			-			-			109
Sundry expense (income), net		1,312									1,312			-			-			1,312
Other expense, net		(23	)								(23	)		(438	)		-			(461	)
Reorganization items		(60,845	)		60,845	(J)					-			-			-			-
Loss before income taxes		41,651			(48,753	)		(10,820	)		(20,890	)		(3,093	)		(304	)		(21,319	)
Income tax expense		2,028			-			-			2,028			762			-			2,790
Net income/ (loss) from continuing operations	$	39,623		$	(48,753	)	$	(10,820	)	$	(22,917	)	$	(3,855	)	$	(304	)	$	(24,108	)
Net loss from discontinuing operations		-			-			-			-			(495	)		-			(495	)
Net income (loss)	$	39,623		$	(48,753	)	$	(10,820	)	$	(22,917	)	$	(4,350	)	$	(304	)	$	(24,603	)

Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding:
XBP Common Stock																				117,715,369
Basic and diluted net loss per share:																			$	(0.21	) (T)

Filed by the Registrant	x
Filed by a Party other than the Registrant	¨

OTHER MATTERS	74

APPRAISAL RIGHTS	75

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR	75

DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS TO STOCKHOLDERS	75

SUBMISSION OF STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS	75

STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS FOR 2026 ANNUAL MEETING	75

COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE BOARD	76

HOUSEHOLDING	76

ACCESS TO VIRTUAL-ONLY MEETING AND PARTICIPATION AT THE VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING	76

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	77

	For the year Ended December 31, 2024
	Predecessor			Reorganization Adjustments			Fresh Start Adjustments			Successor			XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.			Business Combination Adjustments			XBP Global
Revenue	$	867,109								$	867,109		$	142,408		$	-		$	1,009,517
Related party revenue, net		5,581									5,581			364			(5,777	) (Q)		168
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		683,924									683,924			104,467			-			788,391
Related party cost of revenue		3,251									3,251			47			(411	) (R)		2,887
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		124,440									124,440			26,525			-			150,965
Depreciation and amortization		50,307					$	31,485	(K)		81,792			3,160			-			84,952
Impairment of goodwill		108,489									108,489			-			-			108,489
Related party expense		7,720									7,720			5,101			(5,101	) (R)		7,720
Operating Profit (loss)		(105,441	)		-			(31,485	)		(136,926	)		3,472			(266	)	$	(133,720	)
Other expense (income), net:
Interest expense, net		101,939			(55,189	) (I)					46,750			6,232			-			52,982
Related party interest expense (income), net		-									-			90			(90	) (R)		-
Debt modification and extinguishment cost (gain), net		363									363			-			-			363
Sundry expense (income), net		(2,087	)								(2,087	)		-			-			(2,087	)
Other expense, net		(515	)								(515	)		772			-			257
Reorganization items		-									-			-			-			-
Loss before income taxes		(205,141	)		55,189			(31,485	)		(181,438	)		(3,622	)		(176	)	$	(185,235	)
Income tax expense		(10,009	)					-			(10,009	)		2,911			-			(7,098	)
Net income/ (loss) from continuing operations	$	(215,150	)	$	55,189		$	(31,485	)	$	(171,429	)	$	(6,533	)	$	(176	)	$	(178,137	)
Net loss from discontinuing operations		-			-			-			-			(5,833	)		-			(5,833	)
Net loss	$	(215,150	)	$	55,189		$	(31,485	)	$	(171,429	)	$	(12,366	)	$	(176	)	$	(183,970	)

Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding:
XBP Common Stock																				117,715,369
Basic and diluted net loss per share:																			$	(1.56	) (T)

	·	Predecessor – Represents BPA Group’s historical consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 and consolidated statement of operations and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

	·	Reorganization Adjustments – Represents the effects of the transactions contemplated by the Plan and anticipated to be carried out by BPA Group upon its emergence from bankruptcy.

	·	Fresh Start Adjustments – Represents the fair value adjustments as a result of the adoption of fresh start accounting by the BPA Group.

	·	Successor – Represents the consolidated balance sheet and statements of operations of the BPA Group as if the emergence and fresh start accounting had taken place on the dates described above.

	·	XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. – Represents the Company’s historical consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 and consolidated statement of operations and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

	·	Business Combination Adjustments – Represents elimination and other adjustments as required by the application of U.S. GAAP.

	·	XBP Global – Represents the consolidated balance sheet and statements of operations of XBP Global after giving effect to the Restructuring (as described above).

Name	Age	Class	Positions and Offices Held with the Company
Martin P. Akins	58	I	Director
J. Coley Clark	80	I	Director
Andrej Jonovic	44	II	Director, Chief Executive Officer
James G. Reynolds	57	II	Director
Par S. Chadha	70	III	Director, Executive Chairman

Name	Age	Positions Held
Par Chadha	70	Executive Chairman
Andrej Jonovic	44	Chief Executive Officer
Dejan Avramovic	41	Chief Financial Officer
Vitalie Robu	53	President

Name	Annual Retainer
Annual Cash Retainer for Board Membership	$	60,000
Annual Equity Award for Board Membership	$	140,000
Audit Committee Member (other than the Chair)	$	10,000
Audit Committee Chair	$	20,000
Compensation Committee Member (other than the Chair)	$	5,000
Compensation Committee Chair	$	10,000
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Member (other than the Chair)	$	4,000
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chair	$	8,000

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023⁽²⁾
Audit Fees(1)	$	1,285,000	$	1,242,686
Audit-Related Fees
Audit-Related Fees
All Other Fees
Total fees	$	1,285,000	$	1,242,686

							Stock		All Other
Name and	Fiscal		Salary		Bonus		Awards		Compensation
Principal Position	Year		($)(1)(2)		($)(3)		($)(4)		($)(5)(6)		Total
Andrej Jonovic		2024		552,000		343,157		1,079,411		—		1,974,568
Chief Executive Officer		2023		152,100		—				292		152,392
Dejan Avramovic		2024		399,000		247,445		376,472		7,206		1,030,123
Chief Financial Officer		2023		248,336		—				3,580		251,916
Vitalie Robu		2024		455,586		283,963		721,332		24,959		1,485,840
President, EMEA		2023		288,465		—				42,364		330,829
Par Chadha Executive Chairman (7)		2024		—		—		1,388,636		—		1,388,636

(1)	Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination on November 29, 2023, our business was conducted through a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of ETI that constituted the entirety of ETI’s European business. During 2023, Messrs. Jonovic and Avramovic spent approximately 36% and 83% of their working time on our business (which takes into account the period after consummation of the Business Combination, when they spent all of their working time on our business), and the remainder of their working time during the year on other ETI business matters. Consequently, we have pro-rated the compensation paid to each of Messrs. Jonovic and Avramovic for 2023 for purposes of the Summary Compensation Table to reflect only the approximate portions of their compensation that was earned for work devoted to our business. The compensation amounts reflected in the Summary Compensation Table are not necessarily reflective of the amounts of compensation that were reflected in our financial statements for the 2023 fiscal year, primarily due to the fact that such compensation for Messrs. Jonovic and Avramovic was paid by one or more subsidiaries of ETI prior to November 29, 2023, the date of consummation of the Business Combination.
(2)	With respect to Mr. Robu, the salary, bonus, and other compensation amounts have been converted from Great British pounds to U.S. dollars using the average end of month conversion ratio for 2024 of 1.00 GBP to 1.279 USD and conversion ratio for 2023 of 1.00 GBP to 1.247 USD, respectively.
(3)	The 2024 bonuses consist of one-time special bonuses and bonuses payable under the Bonus Plan (as defined in and discussed in the narrative below). The amounts awarded for 2024 were not paid during 2024, but will be paid during 2025. No bonus was awarded to any of Messrs. Jonovic, Robu, or Avramovic with respect to 2023.

(4)	On June 14, 2024, Mr. Jonovic was granted 877,570 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) under the 2024 Equity Plan (as defined below); Mr. Robu was issued 586,449 RSUs; Mr. Avramovic was issued 306,075 RSUs; and Mr. Chadha was issued 1,128,972 RSUs. The RSUs are subject to time-based vesting conditions, with all of the underlying shares scheduled to vest in three annual installments through April 30, 2027. For such time-based vesting awards, we have included the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. There were no stock awards or other equity compensation issued to the named executive officers in 2023.
(5)	The amounts reported in this column for 2023 include: (i) for Mr. Jonovic $292 for life insurance coverage, (ii) for Mr. Robu, $2,221 for the cost of his private medical insurance plan in the United Kingdom, $22,751 for a company car, contributions of $17,308 to a UK-based, defined pension plan and $84 for travel insurance; and (iii) for Mr. Avramovic, $3,580 for life and medical insurance coverage.
(6)	The amounts reported in this column for 2024 include: (i) for Mr. Robu, $4,781 for the cost of his private medical insurance plan in the United Kingdom, $12,057 for a company car, contributions of $2,597 to a UK-based, defined pension plan and $78 for travel insurance; and (iii) for Mr. Avramovic, $7,206 for medical insurance coverage.
(7)	Mr. Chadha sole compensation from the Company was his equity award. He does not receive salary, bonus or other benefits from the Company. Mr. Chadha was not a named executive officer in the prior year and, therefore, in accordance with SEC regulations, only compensation information for the fiscal year in which he became a named executive officer is included in the Summary Compensation Table

			Target Annual		Target Long-Term
			Incentive		Incentive
Executive Officer	Base Salary		Award⁽¹⁾		Award ⁽²⁾
Andrej Jonovic Chief Executive Officer	$	552,000	$	552,000	$	1,079,411
Dejan Avramovic Chief Financial Officer	$	399,000	$	399,000	$	376,472
Vitalie Robu President	$	452,588	$	452,588	$	721,332
Par Chadha Executive Chairman	$	—	$	—	$	1,388,636

			Equity incentive plan awards:
	Equity incentive plan awards:		Market or payout value of
	Number of unearned shares, units or		unearned shares, units or other
	other rights that have not		rights that have not
	vested (#)(1)		vested ($)(2)
Andrej Jonovic		877,570	$	956,551
Dejan Avramovic		306,075	$	333,622
Vitalie Robu		586,449	$	639,229
Par Chadha		1,128,972	$	1,230,579

	●	an amount equal to 12 months’ base salary, plus 100% of the target bonus for the performance period in which the termination occurs;
	●	continued insurance coverage paid for by the Company for up to 18 months plus related expense reimbursement up to $5,000;
	●	full vesting of any unvested time- or service-based stock options, stock appreciation rights, and other equity-based awards that would have vested during the 12-month period following the date of termination;
	●	pro rata vesting of any unvested equity-based or long-term cash-based awards subject to performance-based vesting conditions that would have vested at the end of the performance period, based on actual performance during such performance period; and
	●	the right to exercise any vested stock options or stock appreciation rights for up to 24 months.

	●	an amount equal to 24 months’ base salary, plus 200% of the annual target bonus for the performance period in which the termination occurs in addition to a pro rated target bonus based on the period before the separation;
	●	continued insurance coverage paid for by the Company for up to 18 months plus related expense reimbursement up to $5,000;
	●	full vesting of any unvested stock options, stock appreciation rights, and other equity-based awards;
	●	full vesting of any unvested equity-based or long-term cash-based awards subject to performance-based vesting conditions, based on actual performance through the date of the change in control; and
	●	the right to exercise any vested stock options or stock appreciation rights for up to 24 months.

			Percent of
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Ownership(4)		Class
Directors and Executive Officers⁽¹⁾
Par Chadha		1,128,972		3.1	%
Andrej Jonovic		1,573,000		4.4	%
Dejan Avramovic		306,075		*
Vitalie Robu		195,483		*
James Reynolds		184,857		*
J. Coley Clark		184,857		*
Martin Akins		184,857		*
All executive officers and directors as a group (seven individuals)		3,758,101		10.5	%
5% or More Stockholders:
BTC International Holdings, Inc. ⁽²⁾		21,802,364		60.7	%
CFAC Holdings VIII, LLC⁽³⁾		6,449,404		18.0	%

(1)	Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the individuals is c/o XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., 1237 7th St., Santa Monica, CA 90401
(2)	BTC is the record holder of the shares. BTC International is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of XCV-EMEA. While ETI retains an indirect economic interest in these shares. XCV-EMEA is the beneficial owner. XCV-EMEA is controlled by its manager and sole voting member Bernard Zuroff. Mr. Zuroff thus is deemed to have beneficial ownership of such shares. Mr. Zuroff’s principal business address is 16280 W Ellsworth Ave, Golden, Co, 80401. Following the Restructuring it is intended BTC will no longer own these shares.
(3)	CFAC Holdings VIII, LLC (“Sponsor”) is the record holder of the shares. Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Cantor”) is the sole member of the Sponsor. CF Group Management, Inc., a New York corporation (“CFGM”) is the managing general partner of Cantor. Mr. Lutnick is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of CFGM and is the trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. As such, each of Cantor, CFGM and Mr. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares of XBP common stock held directly by the Sponsor. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. Includes 6,064,404 shares of XBP common stock held by CFAC and 385,000 shares of XBP common stock underlying an equal number of warrants to purchase shares of XBP common stock held by CFAC which are exercisable within 60 days. The business address of the Sponsor is 110 East 59th Street, New York, NY 10022. On November 21, 2024, Mr. Lutnick shared a statement in response to being nominated by U.S. President Donald J. Trump to serve as U.S. Secretary of Commerce in which he stated he intends to divest his interests in Cantor to comply with U.S. government ethics rules.
(4)	Excludes shares of XBP common stock issuable upon the vesting of 251,340 restricted stock units in the case of Mr. Avramovic and 410,080 restricted stock units in the case of Mr. Robu which have been reported as beneficially owned in such person’s Section 16 reports as permitted by the rules governing such disclosures.

Item A. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	F-2

Item B. Financial Statements and Exhibit	F-19

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 1195)	F-20

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-21

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-22

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-23

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-24

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-25

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	F-26

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024	F-64

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-65

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-66

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-67

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-68

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	F-69

Item A. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	F-106

Item B. Financial Statements and Exhibit	F-120

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Identification Number 274)	F-121

Combined and Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-123

Combined and Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-124

Combined and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-125

Combined and Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-126

Combined and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	F-127

Notes to the Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements	F-128

Exhibit: List of BPA Subsidiaries and Affiliates	F-163

Item A. Financial Statements	F-165

Condensed Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Combined and Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024	F-165

Condensed Combined and Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-166

Condensed Combined and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-167

Condensed Combined and Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-168

Condensed Combined and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	F-169

Notes to the Condensed Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	F-170

Item B. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	F-192

	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024			2023
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(6,533	)	$	(5,568	)
Income tax expense		2,911			606
Interest expense including related party interest expense, net		6,322			7,006
Depreciation and amortization		3,160			2,944
EBITDA from continuing operations		5,860			4,988
Restructuring and related expenses⁽¹⁾		1,879			5,053
Employee litigation matter⁽²⁾		1,283			1,431
Related party management fee and royalties⁽³⁾		—			1,330
Foreign exchange losses, net		2,520			599
Non-cash equity compensation⁽⁴⁾		1,611			—
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		(43	)		(597	)
Transaction Fees⁽⁵⁾		280			2,970
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	$	13,390		$	15,774

(1)	Adjustment represents costs associated with restructuring, including employee severance and vendor and lease termination costs.
(2)	Represents litigation settlement and associated expenses incurred in connection with the Company subsidiary litigation. See Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies for more details.
(3)	Primarily represents management fee incurred in exchange for services, which included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management services agreement was terminated in connection with the Business Combination and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to the Services Agreement which reduced the fee and modified the services provided.
(4)	Represents the non-cash charges for restricted stock units and options.
(5)	Represents transaction costs incurred as part of the Business Combination.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
Revenue:
Bills and Payments	$	101,850		$	110,458
Technology		40,922			44,719
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively)		142,772			155,177
Cost of revenue:
Bills and Payments		85,455			95,572
Technology		19,059			19,738
Total cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		104,514			115,310
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		26,525			31,173
Related party expense		5,101			4,633
Depreciation and amortization		3,160			2,944
Operating profit		3,472			1,117
Interest expense, net		6,232			5,035
Related party interest expense, net		90			1,971
Foreign exchange losses, net		2,520			599
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		(43	)		(597	)
Pension income, net		(1,705	)		(929	)
Net loss before income taxes		(3,622	)		(4,962	)
Income tax expense		2,911			606
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(6,533	)	$	(5,568	)


	December 31,
	2024			2023
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,099		$	6,537
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,198 and $1,183, respectively		19,810			30,238
Inventories, net		3,823			4,045
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,228			6,550
Current assets held for sale		1,378			2,497
Total current assets		41,338			49,867
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $40,325 and $39,876, respectively		11,272			12,811
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		4,805			5,206
Goodwill		21,666			22,823
Intangible assets, net		1,121			1,498
Deferred income tax assets		7,026			6,811
Other noncurrent assets		817			705
Noncurrent assets held for sale		—			3,018
Total assets	$	88,045		$	102,739

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	12,553		$	13,281
Related party payables		5,443			13,012
Accrued liabilities		17,993			23,850
Accrued compensation and benefits		16,482			16,267
Customer deposits		277			323
Deferred revenue		6,870			6,004
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		12			91
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,734			1,562
Current portion of long-term debts		4,958			3,863
Current liabilities held for sale		2,443			3,818
Total current liabilities		68,765			82,071
Related party notes payable		1,451			1,542
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		23,966			12,763
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		—			23
Pension liabilities		10,339			12,208
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		3,271			3,785
Other long-term liabilities		1,599			1,635
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale		—			1,280
Total liabilities	$	109,391		$	115,307
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)

STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		—			—
Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 30,166,102 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		30			30
Additional paid in capital		1,611			—
Accumulated deficit		(23,705	)		(11,339	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		474			(1,416	)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax		244			157
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss		718			(1,259	)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(21,346	)		(12,568	)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	88,045		$	102,739


											Accumulated Other
											Comprehensive Loss
														Unrealized
											Foreign			Pension
											Currency			Actuarial
	Common Stock				Additional			Net Parent			Translation			Gains (Losses),			Accumulated			Total
	Shares		Amount		Paid in Capital			Investment			Adjustment			net of tax			Deficit			Deficit
Balances at January 1, 2023		—	$	—	$	—		$	(5,845	)	$	(17,789	)	$	(3,298	)	$	—		$	(26,932	)
Net loss January 1, 2023 to November 29, 2023		—		—		—			(13,120	)		—			—			—			(13,120	)
Classification adjustment		—		—		—			(19,368	)		19,368			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock to Cantor and others		8,363,413		8		6,512			—			—			—			—			6,520
Issuance of common stock to BTC International		21,802,689		22		(6,215	)		38,333			—			—			(13,412	)		18,728
Transaction costs related to the Merger		—		—		(297	)		—			—			—			—			(297	)
Net income November 30, 2023 to December 31, 2023		—		—		—			—			—			—			2,073			2,073
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			(2,995	)		—			—			(2,995	)
Net unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax		—		—		—			—			—			3,455			—			3,455
Balances at December 31, 2023		30,166,102	$	30	$	—		$	—		$	(1,416	)	$	157		$	(11,339	)	$	(12,568	)
Net loss January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024		—		—		—			—			—			—			(12,366	)		(12,366	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		1,611			—			—			—			—			1,611
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			1,890			—			—			1,890
Net unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax		—		—		—			—			—			87			—			87
Balances at December 31, 2024		30,166,102	$	30	$	1,611		$	—		$	474		$	244		$	(23,705	)	$	(21,346	)


	Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Depreciation	$	555	$	907
Impairment of goodwill		87		—
Credit loss expense (income)		1		(16)
Unrealized foreign currency losses (gains)		211		(5)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	$	94	$	173

	December 31,		December 31,		January 1,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	19,810	$	30,238	$	34,476
Deferred revenues		6,870		6,004		5,660
Customer deposits		277		323		697
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract	$	—	$	350	$	44