LINCOLN VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS TRUST   LVIP Macquarie Bond Fund

Supplement Dated June 25, 2025 Statutory Prospectus dated May 1, 2025   Unless otherwise defined in this supplement, capitalized terms used in this supplement have the meanings assigned to them in the Statutory Prospectus

This Supplement updates certain information in the Statutory Prospectus for the LVIP Macquarie Bond Fund (the “Fund”). You may obtain copies of the Fund’s Statutory Prospectus free of charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 866-436-8717 or at www.lincolnfinancial.com/lvip.

At a meeting of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Lincoln Variable Insurance Products Trust (the “Trust”) on June 3-4, 2025, the Board approved the appointment of Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“FAV”) as the new sub-adviser to the Fund, effective on or about August 1, 2025 (“Effective Date”). FAV will replace Delaware Investments Fund Advisers (“DIFA”).

As of the Effective Date, the Fund’s Statutory Prospectus is revised as follows:

 

1.

All references to, and information regarding, DIFA are deleted in their entirety.

 

2.

The Fund’s name is changed as noted. All references to the Fund’s name are revised accordingly.

 

 

3.

The information under the heading Principal Investment Strategies beginning on page 1 is deleted and replaced with the following:

Lincoln Financial Investments Corporation serves as the Fund’s investment adviser. Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“FAV” or the “Sub-Adviser”) serves as the Fund’s sub-adviser. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests mainly in a diversified portfolio of investment-grade fixed-income securities. The Fund invests mainly in bonds of governments and private companies that are investment-grade in quality with intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Investment-grade securities are rated at least BBB or its equivalent at the time of purchase by a nationally recognized securities rating organization, or are unrated investments that the Sub-Adviser believes are of comparable quality.

The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in debt investments rated below BBB or its equivalent (also known as below-investment-grade securities) at the time of purchase by each rating agency rating such investments, or in unrated investments that the Sub-Advisor believes are of comparable quality. However, the Fund will not invest in securities that are rated lower than B or its equivalent by each rating agency rating the investment or are unrated securities that the Sub-Advisor believes are of comparable quality. The Fund will not necessarily sell an investment if its rating is reduced (or increased) after purchase.

The Sub-Adviser may consider, among other factors, a company’s or issuer’s credit, interest rate, liquidity and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in bonds (bonds include any debt instrument, and may be represented by other investment instruments, including derivatives). In addition to bonds, the Fund may also invest in other fixed-income instruments. The Fund may also use derivatives, such as futures, options, and certain swap contracts, for both hedging and non-hedging purposes.

 

4.

The information under the Principal Risks section beginning on page 2 is deleted and replaced with the following:

All mutual funds carry risk. Accordingly, loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. The following risks reflect the principal risks of the Fund.

 

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Market Risk. The value of portfolio investments may decline. As a result, your investment in the Fund may decline in value and you could lose money.

 

•

Interest Rate Risk. When interest rates change, fixed income securities (i.e., debt obligations) generally will fluctuate in value. These fluctuations in value are greater for fixed income securities with longer maturities or durations.

 

•

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a debt obligation will be unable or unwilling to make interest or principal payments on time. Credit risk is often gauged by “credit ratings” assigned by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). A decrease in an issuer’s credit rating may cause a decline in the value of the issuer’s debt obligations. However, credit ratings may not reflect the issuer’s current financial condition or events since the security was last rated by a rating agency. Credit ratings also may be influenced by rating agency conflicts of interest or based on historical data that are no longer applicable or accurate.

 

•

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives or other similar instruments (referred to collectively as “derivatives”), such as futures, forwards, options, swaps, structured securities and other similar instruments, are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. Derivatives may involve costs and risks that are different from, or possibly greater than, the costs and risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives prices can be volatile, may correlate imperfectly with price of the applicable underlying asset, reference rate or index and may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, such as markets with high volatility or large market declines. Some derivatives are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates. Other risks include liquidity risk, which refers to the potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions and for derivatives to create margin delivery or settlement payment obligations for the Fund. Further, losses could result if the counterparty to a transaction does not perform as promised. Derivatives that involve a small initial investment relative to the investment risk assumed can magnify or otherwise increase investment losses. This is referred to as financial “leverage” due to the potential for greater investment loss. Derivatives are also subject to operational and legal risks.

 

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Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Variable and floating rate securities provide for periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the securities. These securities may be subject to greater illiquidity risk than other fixed income securities, meaning the absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for the Fund to dispose of them at any given time.

•

Foreign Investments Risk. Foreign investments have additional risks that are not present when investing in U.S. investments. Foreign currency fluctuations or economic or financial instability could cause the value of foreign investments to fluctuate. The value of foreign investments may be reduced by foreign taxes, such as foreign taxes on interest and dividends. Additionally, foreign investments include the risk of loss from foreign government or political actions including, for example, the imposition of exchange controls, the imposition of tariffs, economic and trade sanctions or embargoes, confiscations, and other government restrictions, or from problems in registration, settlement or custody. Investing in foreign investments may involve risks resulting from the reduced availability of public information concerning issuers. Foreign investments may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than comparable investments in U.S. issuers. In addition, certain foreign countries may be subject to terrorism, governmental collapse, regional conflicts and war, which could negatively impact investments in those countries.

 

•

Sovereign Debt Risk. Sovereign debt instruments are subject to the risk that a governmental entity may delay or refuse to pay interest or repay principal on its sovereign debt, due, for example, to cash flow problems, insufficient foreign currency reserves, political considerations, the relative size of the governmental entity’s debt position in relation to the economy or the failure to put in place economic reforms required by the International Monetary Fund or other multilateral agencies.

 

•

Active Management Risk. The portfolio investments are actively-managed, rather than tracking an index or rigidly following certain rules, which may negatively affect investment performance. Consequently, there is the risk that the methods and analyses, including models, tools and data, employed in this process may be flawed or incorrect and may not produce desired results.

 

•

Model and Data Risk. The Sub-Adviser relies heavily on quantitative models (both proprietary models developed by the Sub-Adviser, and those supplied by third parties) and information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). Models and Data are used to construct sets of transactions and investments, to provide risk management insights, and to assist in hedging investments. When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. All models rely on correct market data inputs. If incorrect market data is entered into and relied upon by even a well-founded model, the resulting information will be incorrect.

 

•

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the risk that the Fund cannot meet requests to redeem Fund-issued shares without significantly diluting the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. This may result when portfolio holdings may be difficult to value and may be difficult to sell, both at the time or price desired. Liquidity risk also may result from increased shareholder redemptions in the Fund. Actions by governments and regulators may have the effect of reducing market liquidity, market resiliency and money supply. Liquidity risk also refers to the risk that the Fund may be required to hold additional cash or sell other investments in order to obtain cash to close out derivatives or meet the liquidity demands that derivatives can create to make payments of margin, collateral, or settlement payments to counterparties. The Fund may have to sell a security at a disadvantageous time or price to meet such obligations. The Fund’s liquidity risk management program requires that the Fund invest no more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

 

5.

The following information under the Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser section on page 4 is deleted and replaced with the following:

Investment Adviser: Lincoln Financial Investments Corporation (“LFI”)

Investment Sub-Adviser: Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“FAV”)

6.

The table under the Portfolio Managers section on page 4 is deleted and replaced with the following:

 

 

7.

The information under the heading Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies beginning on page 6 is deleted and replaced with the following:

The investment objective of LVIP Franklin Templeton Core Bond Fund (the “Fund”) is maximum current income (yield) consistent with a prudent investment strategy. This objective is non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval.

Lincoln Financial Investments Corporation serves as the Fund’s adviser. Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“FAV” or the “Sub-Adviser”) serves as the Fund’s sub-adviser. The Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to- day management of the Fund’s assets. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests mainly in a diversified portfolio of investment-grade fixed-income securities. The Fund invests mainly in bonds of governments and private companies that are investment-grade in quality with intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). Investment-grade securities are rated at least BBB or its equivalent at the time of purchase by a nationally recognized securities rating organization, or are unrated investments that the Sub-Adviser believes are of comparable quality.

The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in debt investments rated below BBB or its equivalent (also known as below-investment-grade securities) at the time of purchase by each rating agency rating such investments, or in unrated investments that the Sub-Advisor believes are of comparable quality. However, the Fund will not invest in securities that are rated lower than B or its equivalent by each rating agency rating the investment or are unrated securities that the Sub-Advisor believes are of comparable quality. The Fund will not necessarily sell an investment if its rating is reduced (or increased) after purchase.

The Sub-Adviser may consider, among other factors, a company’s or issuer’s credit, interest rate, liquidity and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in bonds (bonds include any debt instrument, and may be represented by other investment instruments, including derivatives). In addition to bonds, the Fund may also invest in other fixed-income instruments. The Fund may also use derivatives, such as futures, options, and certain swap contracts, for both hedging and non-hedging purposes.

The Fund also may invest in asset-backed securities and may invest in cash or cash equivalents, including money market instruments or short-term instruments such as commercial paper, bank obligations (e.g., certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances), repurchase agreements, and U.S. Treasury bills or other government obligations.

 

8.

The information under the heading Principal Risks beginning on page 7 is deleted and replaced with the following:

All mutual funds carry risk. Accordingly, loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. The following risks reflect the principal risks of the Fund.

Market Risk. The value of portfolio investments may decline. As a result, your investment in the Fund may decline in value and you could lose money. A decline in value could result from, among other things, a negative development of the issuer of the security, an industry, a sector of the economy, or the overall securities market. In addition, the occurrence of geopolitical conflicts, war or terrorist activities could have adverse impacts on markets in various and unpredictable ways. For instance, war, terrorism, social unrest, recessions, supply chain disruptions, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, political changes, diplomatic developments, or the imposition of sanctions and other similar measures, public health emergencies (such as the spread of infectious diseases, pandemics and epidemics) and natural/environmental disasters can all negatively impact the securities markets, which could cause the Fund to lose value.

Interest Rate Risk. When interest rates change, fixed income securities (i.e., debt obligations) generally will fluctuate in value. These fluctuations in value are greater for fixed income securities, as well as funds, with longer maturities or durations. Duration measures the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. This measure incorporates a security’s yield, maturity, and call features, among other factors. If, for example, the price of a security has a duration of five years, it would be expected that the price of that security would fall approximately five percent if interest rates rose by one percent.

In addition, when interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall. Also, proceeds from a current investment in fixed income securities, both interest payments and principal payments, may be reinvested in instruments that offer lower yields than the current investment due in part to market conditions and the interest rate environment at the time of reinvestment.

Numerous factors can cause interest rates to change, including, but not limited to, changes, or the anticipation of changes, to Federal Reserve central bank or government monetary policies and general economic conditions, which may exacerbate the risks associated with changing interest rates. The Federal Reserve, for example, may raise the federal funds rate as part of its efforts to address rising interest rates. During periods of very low or negative interest rates, a Fund may be unable to maintain positive returns. Very low or negative rates may magnify interest rate risk. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on the markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a debt obligation will be unable or unwilling to make interest or principal payments on time. Credit risk is often gauged by “credit ratings” assigned by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). A decrease in an issuer’s credit rating may cause a decline in the value of the issuer’s debt obligations.

The issuer also may have increased interest payments, because an issuer with a lower credit rating generally has to pay a higher interest rate to borrow money. As a result, the issuer’s future earnings and profitability also could be negatively affected. This could further increase the credit risk associated with that debt obligation. Generally, credit risk is higher for corporate and foreign government debt obligations than for U.S. government securities, and higher still for debt rated below investment grade (high yield bonds).

In addition, credit ratings may not reflect the issuer’s current financial condition or events since the security was last rated by a rating agency. Credit ratings also may be influenced by rating agency conflicts of interest or based on historical data that are no longer applicable or accurate. Rising or high interest rates may deteriorate the credit quality of an issuer or counterparty, particularly if an issuer or counterparty faces challenges rolling or refinancing its obligations.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives or other similar instruments (referred to collectively as “derivatives”), such as futures, forwards, options, swaps, structured securities and other instruments, are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. Derivatives may involve costs and risks that are different from, or possibly greater than, the costs and risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives prices can be volatile, may correlate imperfectly with price of the applicable underlying asset, reference rate or index and may move in unexpected ways, especially in unusual market conditions, such as markets with high volatility or large market declines. Some derivatives are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates. Further, losses could result if the counterparty to a transaction does not perform as promised. Derivatives that involve a small initial investment relative to the investment risk can magnify or otherwise increase investment losses. This is referred to as financial “leverage” due to the potential for greater investment loss. Derivatives are also subject to operational and legal risks.

The performance of a derivative generally largely depends on the performance of its underlying asset, reference rate or index. If using derivative instruments is unsuccessful, performance may be worse than if no derivatives were used. When used for hedging purposes, there is a risk, especially under extreme market conditions, that a derivative may provide no such hedging benefit. Additionally, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for a derivative position or that a derivative position will be able to be terminated, particularly with respect to “over-the-counter” instruments (investments not traded on an exchange). If the Fund is unable to close out a position on an options or futures contract, for example, the Fund would remain subject to the risk of adverse price movements until the Fund is able to close out the position. Changes in the value of a derivative or other similar instrument may also create margin delivery or settlement payment obligations for the Fund. Furthermore, counterparties to over-the-counter derivative contracts present the same types of credit risk as issuers of fixed income securities, including bankruptcy or insolvency. Options and futures contracts are also subject to the creditworthiness of clearing organizations and exchanges. Futures and security options also are subject to the credit risk of futures commission merchants and broker-dealers, respectively. Derivatives can also be difficult to value, especially in declining markets.

Swap agreements may include equity, interest rate, index, total return, commodity, currency and credit default swaps. Swap agreements typically are contracts with a swap dealer, bank, or other institutional entity in which the parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular set dollar or currency value of predetermined investments or instruments. Currently, some, but not all, swap transactions are subject to central clearing. Non-cleared swap agreements, including credit default swaps, involve greater risks than cleared swaps, including illiquidity risk and counterparty risk. Certain non-cleared swaps are subject to margin requirements that mandate the posting and collection of minimum margin amounts, which is intended to reduce some of the risks associated with these instruments. Eventually many swaps may be centrally cleared and exchange-traded. Although central clearing is expected to decrease counterparty risk because it interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty in bilaterally negotiated contracts, central clearing will not make swap transactions risk-free.

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the various exchanges have established limits referred to as “speculative position limits” on the maximum net long or net short positions that any person may hold or control in a particular futures contract, option on futures contract, and in some cases, over-the-counter transaction that is economically equivalent to certain futures or options contracts on physical commodities. Trading limits are imposed on the number of contracts that any person may trade on a particular trading day. An exchange or the CFTC may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of these limits and may impose sanctions or restrictions.

Changes in regulation relating to the Fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments could potentially limit or impact the Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives, limit the Fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives, and adversely affect the value or performance or derivatives and the Fund.

Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Variable and floating rate securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes than fixed rate debt securities. However, the market value of variable and floating rate securities may decline when prevailing interest rates rise if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, these securities will not generally increase in market value if interest rates decline. Although, when interest rates decline, there will be a reduction in the payments of interest received by the Fund from these securities. Limits on the aggregate amount such a security’s interest rate may increase over its lifetime or during any one adjustment period can prevent the interest rate from ever adjusting to prevailing market rates. Certain of these securities may be subject to greater liquidity risk, which could make them more difficult to sell at any given time.

Foreign Investments Risk. Foreign investments have additional risks that are not present when investing in U.S. investments. Foreign currency fluctuations or economic or financial instability could cause the value of foreign investments to fluctuate. The value of foreign investments may be reduced by foreign taxes, such as foreign taxes on interest and dividends. Additionally, foreign investments include the risk of loss from foreign government or political actions including, for example, the imposition of exchange controls, the imposition of tariffs, economic and trade sanctions or embargoes, confiscations, and other government restrictions, or from problems in registration, settlement or custody. The governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain sectors or industries. Foreign governments may also impose a heavy tax on a company, withhold a company’s payment of interest or dividends, seize assets of a company, take over a company, limit currency convertibility, or repatriation, or bar withdrawal of assets from the country. Investing in foreign investments may involve risks resulting from the reduced availability of public information concerning issuers. Foreign issuers generally are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards or to other regulatory practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. The volume of transactions in certain foreign markets remains considerably below that of the U.S. markets. Accordingly, foreign investments may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than comparable investments in U.S. issuers. Investing in local markets may require special procedures or local governmental approvals or other actions, any of which may involve additional costs. These factors also may affect the liquidity of a foreign investment. Foreign brokerage commissions and custodian fees also are generally higher than in the U.S. In addition, certain foreign countries may be subject to terrorism, governmental collapse, regional conflicts and war, which could negatively impact investments in those countries. Recent examples include conflict, loss of life and disaster connected to ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and Hamas and Israel in the Middle East, and an example of a country undergoing transformation is Venezuela. The extent, duration and impact of these conflicts, related sanctions and retaliatory actions are difficult to ascertain, but could be significant and have severe adverse effects on the region, including significant adverse effects on the regional or global economies and the markets for certain securities and commodities. These impacts could negatively affect a Fund’s investments in securities and instruments that are economically tied to the applicable region, and include (but are not limited to) declines in value and reductions in liquidity.

Sovereign Debt Risk. Sovereign debt instruments are subject to the risk that a governmental entity may delay or refuse to pay interest or repay principal on its sovereign debt, due, for example, to cash flow problems, insufficient foreign currency reserves, political considerations, the relative size of the governmental entity’s debt position in relation to the economy or the failure to put in place economic reforms required by the International Monetary Fund or other multilateral agencies.

Active Management Risk. The portfolio investments are actively-managed, rather than tracking an index or rigidly following certain rules, which may negatively affect investment performance. Consequently, there is the risk that the methods and analyses, including models, tools and data, employed in this process may be flawed or incorrect and may not produce desired results. This could cause the Fund to lose value or its investment results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

Model and Data Risk. The complexity of the investments and strategies of the Fund requires heavy reliance on quantitative models (both proprietary models and those supplied by third parties) and information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). Models and Data are used to construct sets of transactions and investments, to provide risk management insights, and to assist in hedging investments.

When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks, such as transacting at unfavorable prices or missing favorable opportunities altogether. Similarly, any hedging based on faulty Models and Data may prove to be unsuccessful.

Some models are predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. For example, such models may incorrectly forecast future behavior, leading to potential losses on a cash flow and/or a mark-to-market basis. In addition, in unforeseen or certain low-probability scenarios (often involving a market disruption of some kind), such models may produce unexpected results, which can result in losses for the Fund. Furthermore, because predictive models are usually constructed based on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied historical data.

All models rely on correct market data inputs. If incorrect market data is entered into and relied upon by even a well-founded model, the resulting information will be incorrect. However, even if market data is input correctly, “model prices” will often differ substantially from market prices, especially for instruments with complex characteristics, such as derivative instruments.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the risk that the Fund cannot meet requests to redeem Fund-issued shares without significantly diluting the remaining investors’ interest in the Fund. This may result when portfolio holdings may be difficult to value and may be difficult to sell, both at the time or price desired. Liquidity risk may result from increased shareholder redemptions in the Fund. An increase in shareholder redemptions could require the Fund to sell securities at reduced prices, which would in turn reduce the value of the Fund. In addition, the market for a particular holding may become illiquid due to adverse market or economic conditions, completely apart from any specific conditions in the market for a particular security. Actions by governments and regulators may have the effect of reducing market liquidity, market resiliency and money supply, such as through higher interest rates, tighter financial regulations and proposals related to open-end fund liquidity that may prevent the Fund from participating in certain markets. Liquidity risk also refers to the risk that the Fund may be required to hold additional cash or sell other investments in order to obtain cash to close out derivatives or meet the liquidity demands that derivatives can create to make payments of margin, collateral, or settlement payments to counterparties. The Fund may have to sell a security at a disadvantageous time or price to meet such obligations. The Fund’s liquidity risk management program requires that the Fund invest no more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments.

 

9.

The following information is added under the Sub-Adviser portion of Management and Organization beginning on page 11:

PLEASE RETAIN THIS SUPPLEMENT FOR FUTURE REFERENCE

LINCOLN VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS TRUST   LVIP Macquarie Bond Fund

Supplement Dated June 25, 2025 to the to the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) dated May 1, 2025   Unless otherwise defined in this supplement, capitalized terms used in this supplement have the meanings assigned to them in the SAI

This Supplement updates certain information in the SAI for the LVIP Macquarie Bond Fund (the “Fund”). You may obtain copies of the Fund’s SAI free of charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 866-436-8717 or at www.lincolnfinancial.com/lvip.

At a meeting of the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Lincoln Variable Insurance Products Trust (the “Trust”) on June 3-4, 2025, the Board approved the appointment of Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“FAV”) as the new sub-adviser to the Fund, effective on or about August 1, 2025 (“Effective Date”). FAV will replace Delaware Investments Fund Advisers (“DIFA”).

As of the Effective Date, the Fund’s SAI is revised as follows:

 

1.

All references to, and information regarding, DIFA are deleted in their entirety.

 

2.

The Fund’s name is changed as noted. All references to the Fund’s name are revised accordingly.

 

 

3.

The following is added alphabetically to the Sub-Advisers section under the heading Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers beginning on page 62:

 

 

4.

The following is added alphabetically to the chart in the Other Accounts Managed section under the heading Portfolio Managers beginning on page 71:

PLEASE RETAIN THIS SUPPLEMENT FOR FUTURE REFERENCE