v3.25.2
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding consolidated financial reporting. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Linkhome Holdings and Linkhome Realty. All intercompany transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiary have been eliminated upon consolidation. In the opinion of management, such financial information includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, unless otherwise indicated) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position at such date and the operating results and cash flows for such periods.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding consolidated financial reporting. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Linkhome Holdings and Linkhome Realty. All intercompany transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiary have been eliminated upon consolidation. In the opinion of management, such financial information includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, unless otherwise indicated) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position at such date and the operating results and cash flows for such periods.
Emerging Growth Company

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial

statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the dates of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, income taxes, the useful lives of long-lived assets and assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Although actual amounts may differ from the estimated amounts, such differences are not likely to be material.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the dates of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, income taxes, the useful lives of long-lived assets and assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Although actual amounts may differ from the estimated amounts, such differences are not likely to be material.
Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalent readily convertible to known amounts of cash are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalent readily convertible to known amounts of cash are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Credit Losses

Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASC 326”). This standard replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for credit losses. In addition, CECL made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities if management does not intend to sell and does not believe that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

The Company adopted ASC 326 and all related subsequent amendments thereto effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The was no transition adjustment of the adoption of CECL.

The Company’s accounts receivable and prepaid expense in the consolidated balance sheets are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. As the Company has limited customers and debtors, the Company uses the loss-rate method to evaluate the expected credit losses on an individual basis. When establishing the loss rate, the Company makes the assessment on various factors, including historical experience, creditworthiness of customers and debtors, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect from the customers and debtors. The Company also provides specific provisions for allowance when facts and circumstances indicate that the receivable is unlikely to be collected.

Expected credit losses are recorded as an allowance for credit losses, which is netted against accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets, and are recognized as an expense in the consolidated statements of income. Receivables are written off against the allowance when all collection efforts have been exhausted and recovery is deemed remote. If the Company recovers amounts that were previously written off, the recovered amounts are recognized as a reduction to the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income.

Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASC 326”). This standard replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for credit losses. In addition, CECL made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities if management does not intend to sell and does not believe that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

The Company adopted ASC 326 and all related subsequent amendments thereto effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The was no transition adjustment of the adoption of CECL.

The Company’s accounts receivable and prepaid expense in the consolidated balance sheets are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. As the Company has limited customers and debtors, the Company uses the loss-rate method to evaluate the expected credit losses on an individual basis. When establishing the loss rate, the Company makes the assessment on various factors, including historical experience, creditworthiness of customers and debtors, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect from the customers and debtors. The Company also provides specific provisions for allowance when facts and circumstances indicate that the receivable is unlikely to be collected.

Expected credit losses are recorded as an allowance for credit losses, which is netted against accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets, and are recognized as an expense in the consolidated statements of income. Receivables are written off against the allowance when all collection efforts have been exhausted and recovery is deemed remote. If the Company recovers amounts that were previously written off, the recovered amounts are recognized as a reduction to the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income.
Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable represent the amounts that the Company has an unconditional right to consideration, which are stated at the historical carrying amount net of allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains allowances for credit losses for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including historical losses, the age of the receivable balance, the customer’s historical payment pattens and creditworthiness, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Accounts are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no allowances for credit losses.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable represent the amounts that the Company has an unconditional right to consideration, which are stated at the historical carrying amount net of allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains allowances for credit losses for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including historical losses, the age of the receivable balance, the customer’s historical payment pattens and creditworthiness, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Accounts are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had allowances for credit losses of $0 and $9,092, respectively.
Real Estate Held for Sale

Real Estate Held for Sale

Real estate properties acquired on behalf of clients as part of the Company’s Cash Offer program are classified as real estate held for sale in accordance with the criteria outlined in FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” Under this classification, properties held for sale are measured at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had no real estate held for sale. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded one property as real estate held for sale with a carrying value of $907,061. This property was acquired in December 2024 under the Cash Offer program to facilitate a transaction for a client and was subsequently sold in January 2025.

Real Estate Held for Sale

Real estate properties acquired on behalf of clients as part of the Company’s Cash Offer program are classified as real estate held for sale in accordance with the criteria outlined in FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” Under this classification, properties held for sale are measured at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded one property as real estate held for sale, with a carrying value of $907,061. This property was purchased in December 2024 under the Cash Offer program to facilitate a transaction for a client and was subsequently sold in January 2025. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no real estate held for sale.
Advance to Contractor

Advance to Contractor

Advance to contractor represents amounts paid to contractors in advance for home renovation projects that are not yet completed, from which the Company expects to receive future economic benefits within its normal operating cycle. Home renovation projects are generally completed within one to three months from the date the advance payment is made. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, advance to contractor totaled $26,873 and $0, respectively.

Advance to Contractor

Advance to contractor represents the amount paid to contractor in advance for home renovation projects that are not yet completed and from which future economic benefits are expected to be received by the Company within normal operating cycle. A home renovation project is generally completed within one to three months from the date the advance payment is made.
Deferred Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Costs

Deferred Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Costs

The Company accounts for deferred IPO costs in accordance with the requirement of ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A — “Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist of underwriting, legal, consulting, and other expenses incurred up to the balance sheet date that are directly attributable to the planned IPO. These deferred costs will be charged to shareholders’ equity upon the successful completion of the IPO. If the IPO is unsuccessful, all deferred costs, along with any additional expenses incurred, will be charged to operations. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, deferred IPO costs totaled $748,499 and $699,499, respectively.

Deferred Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Costs

The Company accounts for deferred IPO costs in accordance with the requirement of ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A — “Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist of underwriting, legal, consulting, and other expenses incurred up to the balance sheet date that are directly attributable to the planned IPO. These deferred costs will be charged to shareholders’ equity upon the successful completion of the IPO. If the IPO is unsuccessful, all deferred costs, along with any additional expenses incurred, will be charged to operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, deferred IPO costs amounted to $699,499 and $0, respectively.
Equipment, Net

Equipment, Net

Equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while additions, renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of income. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, depreciation expense related to furniture and fixtures, office equipment, and vehicle amounted to $4,639 and $4,651, respectively. The estimated useful lives by asset classification are generally as follows:

 

Estimated
Useful Life

Furniture and fixtures

  

3 – 7 years

Office equipment

  

3 – 5 years

Vehicles

  

5 years

Equipment, Net

Equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while additions, renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of income. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation expense related to furniture and fixtures, office equipment, and vehicle for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $18,762 and $6,042, respectively. The estimated useful lives by asset classification are generally as follows:

 

Estimated
Useful Life

Furniture and fixtures

  

3 – 7 years

Office equipment

  

3 – 5 years

Vehicles

  

5 years
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.

The Company evaluates events and changes in circumstances that could indicate the carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company records an impairment charge in the period in which such a determination is made. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Based on the above analysis, no impairment loss was recognized related to these assets for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.

The Company evaluates events and changes in circumstances that could indicate the carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company records an impairment charge in the period in which such a determination is made. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Based on the above analysis, no impairment loss was recognized related to these assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of: (i) taxes payable or refundable for the current period and (ii) deferred tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from matters that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets also include the prior years’ net operating losses carried forward. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FASB ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.

Under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is likely some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest associated with unrecognized tax benefits is classified as interest expense and penalties are classified in selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of income. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not take any uncertain positions that would necessitate recording a tax related liability.

Prior to January 1, 2024, Linkhome Realty filed its income tax return under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRS”) as a S-corporation, and elected to be taxed as a pass-through entity, for which the income, losses, deductions, and credits flow through to the shareholders of the company for federal income tax purposes. Effective January 1, 2024, Linkhome Realty’s tax status became C-corporation, and is subject to a federal income tax rate of 21% and California state income tax rate of 8.84%. As a parent holding company of Linkhome Realty, Linkhome Holdings was incorporated in the State of Nevada on November 6, 2023, and is only subject to a federal income tax rate of 21%. Effective for the tax year beginning January 1, 2024, and continuing thereafter unless revoked, Linkhome Holdings and Linkhome Realty have elected to file a consolidated federal income tax return.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of: (i) taxes payable or refundable for the current period and (ii) deferred tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from matters that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets also include the prior years’ net operating losses carried forward. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FASB ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.

Under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is likely some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest associated with unrecognized tax benefits is classified as interest expense and penalties are classified in selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of income. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not take any uncertain positions that would necessitate recording a tax related liability.

Prior to January 1, 2024, Linkhome Realty filed its income tax return under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRS”) as a S-corporation, and elected to be taxed as a pass-through entity, for which the income, losses, deductions, and credits flow through to the shareholders of the company for federal income tax purposes. Effective January 1, 2024, Linkhome Realty’s tax status became C-corporation, and is subject to a federal income tax rate of 21% and California state income tax rate of 8.84%. As a parent holding company of Linkhome Realty, Linkhome Holdings was incorporated in the State of Nevada on November 6, 2023, and is only subject to a federal income tax rate of 21%. Effective for the tax year beginning January 1, 2024, and continuing thereafter unless revoked, Linkhome Holdings and Linkhome Realty have elected to file a consolidated federal income tax return.
Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. The Company recognizes revenues following the five-step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identifies contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identifies the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determines the transaction price; (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizes revenues when (or as) it satisfies the performance obligation.

The Company derives its revenues primarily from real estate services and real estate purchases and sales through Cash Offer.

Real Estate Service Revenue

The Company’s real estate service revenue consists primarily of real estate agency commission for buying and selling properties for clients, and revenue generated from property management, home renovation, and mortgage referral services.

The Company earns agency commission revenue, usually at a fixed percentage of property’s selling price, through facilitating the buy or sale of various types of properties, including residential, commercial, and land parcels. The Company is considered an agent for these services provided, and reports service revenue earned through these transactions on a net basis. Revenue is recognized when the agency service is provided, usually at the closing of escrow.

The Company’s CEO has owned his personal real estate salesperson license since 2020 and obtained his personal real estate broker license on August 8, 2023. Prior to obtaining the broker license, the Company performed real estate transactions as a sales agent under a real estate brokerage firm, an unrelated third party, and earned sales commissions at fixed rates. On November 17, 2023, Linkhome Realty obtained a real estate broker license for the Company. Thus, the Company gradually transitioned from operating as a sales agent under a third-party real estate broker to a real estate broker independently. This transition marks a significant shift in the Company’s business model, as it no longer relies on other firms to conduct real estate transactions.

The Company provides property management services, which include two primary activities: tenant placement and ongoing property management. Tenant placement services involve marketing the property, identifying suitable tenants, and facilitating the rental agreement. For these services, the Company acts as an agent and charges a rental commission, either as a percentage of the first year’s rent or a fixed fee. Revenue from tenant placement is recognized at a point in time when a tenant is secured, and the lease contract is executed. Additionally, the Company provides ongoing property management services, which may include collecting rent on behalf of the landlord, coordinating maintenance and repairs, and addressing tenant inquiries during the lease term. For these services, the Company also acts as an agent and charges a service fee. Revenue from ongoing property management is recognized over time as the services are rendered, as the landlord simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s efforts.

The Company also offers a full range of home renovation services, from bathroom and kitchen renovations to customized home renovations and extensions, helping clients prepare their homes for sale or personalize newly purchased properties. The Company considers itself as a principal for this service as it has control of the specified service at any time before it is transferred to the customer, which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promises to provide home renovation services meeting customer specifications, and assumes fulfilment risk (i.e., risk that the performance obligation will not be satisfied); and (ii) the Company has discretion in selecting third-party renovation contractors and establishing the price, and bears the risk for services that are not fully paid for by customers. The renovation period is usually within one to three months; the Company recognizes revenue when the renovation service is completed, on a gross basis with corresponding costs incurred.

In addition, the Company collaborates with lending institutions and mortgage brokers to assist clients in seeking and securing mortgage services, and aiding clients in the process of obtaining loans or financing for property purchases. The Company receives a referral fee as a percentage of the loan amount and recognizes revenue when the loan is approved.

Revenue from Property Purchases and Sales through Cash Offer

The Company’s revenue from purchases and sales through Cash Offer consists primarily of the Company’s purchasing a hot property in cash and then selling it to a customer. The Company purchases a property in cash with ownership transferred to Linkhome Realty. Subsequently, Linkhome Realty sells the property to the customer within a short period of time. Both purchase and sales transactions go through an escrow company. The Company is the principal of these transactions and recognizes revenue and cost when the property purchased is sold and escrow is closed. This type of revenue does not contain a financing component due to there being no difference between the amount of promised consideration and the cash selling price of the promised goods or services, and the length of time between when the Company transfers the promised goods or services to the customer and when the customer pays for those goods is very short, usually within a few weeks or a few months.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by revenue stream.

 

Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2025

  

Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2024

Real estate service revenue

  

 

    

 

  

Real estate agency commission

  

$

211,517

  

$

207,382

Property management service

  

 

1,767

  

 

5,752

Home renovation service

  

 

9,952

  

 

2,200

Mortgage referral fee

  

 

6,300

  

 

4,050

Total real estate service revenue

  

 

229,536

  

 

219,384

Revenue from property purchases and sales through Cash Offer

  

 

5,479,890

  

 

924,544

Total revenues

  

$

5,709,426

  

$

1,143,928

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. The Company recognizes revenues following the five-step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identifies contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identifies the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determines the transaction price; (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizes revenues when (or as) it satisfies the performance obligation.

The Company derives its revenues primarily from real estate services and real estate purchases and sales through Cash Offer.

Real Estate Service Revenue

The Company’s real estate service revenue consists primarily of real estate agency commission for buying and selling properties for clients, and revenue generated from property management, home renovation, and mortgage referral services.

The Company earns agency commission revenue, usually at a fixed percentage of property’s selling price, through facilitating the buy or sale of various types of properties, including residential, commercial, and land parcels. The Company is considered an agent for these services provided, and reports service revenue earned through these transactions on a net basis. Revenue is recognized when the agency service is provided, usually at the closing of escrow.

The Company’s CEO has owned his personal real estate salesperson license since 2020 and obtained his personal real estate broker license on August 8, 2023. Prior to obtaining the broker license, the Company performed real estate transactions as a sales agent under a real estate brokerage firm, an unrelated third party, and earned sales commissions at fixed rates. On November 17, 2023, Linkhome Realty obtained a real estate broker license for the Company. Thus, the Company gradually transitioned from operating as a sales agent under a third-party real estate broker to a real estate broker independently. This transition marks a significant shift in the Company’s business model, as it no longer relies on other firms to conduct real estate transactions.

The Company provides property management services, which include two primary activities: tenant placement and ongoing property management. Tenant placement services involve marketing the property, identifying suitable tenants, and facilitating the rental agreement. For these services, the Company acts as an agent and charges a rental commission, either as a percentage of the first year’s rent or a fixed fee. Revenue from tenant placement is recognized at a point in time when a tenant is secured, and the lease contract is executed. Additionally, the Company provides ongoing property management services, which may include collecting rent on behalf of the landlord, coordinating maintenance and repairs, and addressing tenant inquiries during the lease term. For these services, the Company also acts as an agent and charges a service fee. Revenue from ongoing property management is recognized over time as the services are rendered, as the landlord simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s efforts.

The Company also offers a full range of home renovation services, from bathroom and kitchen renovations to customized home renovations and extensions, helping clients prepare their homes for sale or personalize newly purchased properties. The Company considers itself as a principal for this service as it has control of the specified service at any time before it is transferred to the customer, which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promises to provide home renovation services meeting customer specifications, and assumes fulfilment risk (i.e., risk that the performance obligation will not be satisfied); and (ii) the Company has discretion in selecting third-party renovation contractors and establishing the price, and bears the risk for services that are not fully paid for by customers. The renovation period is usually within one to three months; the Company recognizes revenue when the renovation service is completed, on a gross basis with corresponding costs incurred.

In addition, the Company collaborates with lending institutions and mortgage brokers to assist clients in seeking and securing mortgage services, and aiding clients in the process of obtaining loans or financing for property purchases. The Company receives a referral fee as a percentage of the loan amount and recognizes revenue when the loan is approved.

Revenue from Property Purchases and Sales through Cash Offer

The Company’s revenue from purchases and sales through Cash Offer consists primarily of the Company’s purchasing a hot property in cash and then selling it to a customer. The Company purchases a property in cash with ownership transferred to Linkhome Realty. Subsequently, Linkhome Realty sells the property to the customer within a short period of time. Both purchase and sales transactions go through an escrow company. The Company is the principal of these transactions and recognizes revenue and cost when the property purchased is sold and escrow is closed. This type of revenue does not contain a financing component due to there being no difference between the amount of promised consideration and the cash selling price of the promised goods or services, and the length of time between when the Company transfers the promised goods or services to the customer and when the customer pays for those goods is very short, usually within a few weeks or a few months.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by revenue stream.

 

Year Ended
December 31,
2024

  

Year Ended
December 31,
2023

Real estate service revenue

  

 

    

 

  

Real estate agency commission

  

$

781,351

  

$

261,705

Property management service

  

 

16,276

  

 

17,225

Home renovation service

  

 

245,226

  

 

8,353

Mortgage referral fee

  

 

4,050

  

 

13,500

Total real estate service revenue

  

 

1,046,903

  

 

300,783

Revenue from property purchases and sales through Cash Offer

  

 

6,568,404

  

 

1,069,072

Total revenues

  

$

7,615,307

  

$

1,369,855
Cost of Revenues

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues consists primarily of (i) costs related to property purchases made under Linkhome Realty’s name, which are subsequently sold to customers, and (ii) costs associated with real estate services, including commission expenses for real estate agents working for the Company and renovation costs incurred for home renovation services.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues consists primarily of (i) costs related to property purchases made under Linkhome Realty’s name, which are subsequently sold to customers, and (ii) costs associated with real estate services, including commission expenses for real estate agents working for the Company and renovation costs incurred for home renovation services.
Segment Information

Segment Information

On October 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The Company applies the “management approach” to identify operating segments, as required by ASC 280-10-50. Under this approach, operating segments are components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is the senior executive committee, which includes the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer.

The CODM manages the Company’s operations as a single operating and reportable segment, referred to as the Real Estate Solutions segment, which includes all activities related to the Company’s integrated real estate platform. The Company manages its business activities on a consolidated basis, including two primary revenue streams: (1) Cash Offer transactions, in which the Company purchases and resells properties for customers; and (2) real estate services, including real estate agency services, property management services, home renovation services, and mortgage referral services. See “Revenue Recognition” for a breakdown of revenues by stream.

The accounting policies of the Real Estate Solutions segment are the same as those described elsewhere in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM assesses segment performance and allocates resources based on net income, which is also reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The CODM does not evaluate individual revenue streams separately and receives financial reporting only at the consolidated level.

Net income is used by the CODM to evaluate the return on segment assets and determine whether to reinvest profits in the business, fund acquisitions, or return capital to shareholders. Net income is also used to compare actual performance against budget and to benchmark the Company’s performance against industry peers. These evaluations form the basis for internal performance assessments and management compensation decisions.

The following table presents the segment revenue, segment profit or loss, and significant segment expenses included in the measure of segment performance for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2025

  

Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2024

Segment revenues(1)

  

$

5,709,426

  

$

1,143,928

Less:

  

 

    

 

  

Cost of revenues

  

 

5,447,509

  

 

915,662

Segment gross profit

  

 

261,917

  

 

228,266

Less:

  

 

    

 

  

Payroll and payroll tax expenses

  

 

52,107

  

 

46,325

Legal and accounting expenses

  

 

40,126

  

 

86,379

Rent expense

  

 

12,050

  

 

11,520

Other segment items(2)

  

 

40,240

  

 

5,951

Depreciation and amortization

  

 

4,639

  

 

4,651

Interest expense

  

 

682

  

 

800

Income tax expense

  

 

31,444

  

 

32,348

Segment net income

  

$

80,629

  

$

40,292
   

 

    

 

  

Reconciliation of profit or loss

  

 

    

 

  

Adjustments and reconciling items

  

 

—

  

 

—

Consolidated net income

  

$

80,629

  

$

40,292

(1)      Segment revenues represent revenues from external customers and are consistent with consolidated net revenues as reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The Company had no intra-entity sales or transfers for the periods presented.

(2)      Other segment items include marketing expenses, business license expenses, office expenses, and other overhead expenses.

The following table presents segment assets and expenditures for segment assets. Segment assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis and reflect total consolidated assets as reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Expenditures for segment assets include additions to long-lived assets.

 

March 31,
2025

  

December 31,
2024

Segment assets

  

$

3,429,954

  

$

3,429,513
 

Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2025

  

Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2024

Expenditures for segment assets(1)

  

$

—

  

$

2,463

(1)      Expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2024, included purchases of office equipment ($1,082), furniture ($982), and a trademark ($399).

All of the Company’s revenues and long-lived assets were attributable to operations in the United States for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. All customers resided in the United States, and all properties purchased and sold by the Company were located in the United States. Therefore, no geographical disaggregation is presented.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, revenues from six customers accounted for approximately 16.50%, 16.25%, 16.03%, 15.87%, 15.73%, and 15.60% of the Company’s total revenues, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue from one related-party customer accounted for approximately 80.82% of total revenues.

Segment Information

On October 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The Company applies the “management approach” to identify operating segments, as required by ASC 280-10-50. Under this approach, operating segments are components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is the senior executive committee, which includes the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer.

The CODM manages the Company’s operations as a single operating and reportable segment, referred to as the Real Estate Solutions segment, which includes all activities related to the Company’s integrated real estate platform. The Company manages its business activities on a consolidated basis, including two primary revenue streams: (1) Cash Offer transactions, in which the Company purchases and resells properties for customers; and (2) real estate services, including real estate agency services, property management services, home renovation services, and mortgage referral services. See “Revenue Recognition” for a breakdown of revenues by stream.

The accounting policies of the Real Estate Solutions segment are the same as those described elsewhere in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM assesses segment performance and allocates resources based on net income, which is also reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The CODM does not evaluate individual revenue streams separately and receives financial reporting only at the consolidated level.

Net income is used by the CODM to evaluate the return on segment assets and determine whether to reinvest profits in the business, fund acquisitions, or return capital to shareholders. Net income is also used to compare actual performance against budget and to benchmark the Company’s performance against industry peers. These evaluations form the basis for internal performance assessments and management compensation decisions.

The following table presents the segment revenue, segment profit or loss, and significant segment expenses included in the measure of segment performance for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 

Year Ended
December 31,
2024

  

Year Ended
December 31,
2023

Segment revenues(1)

  

$

7,615,307

  

$

1,369,855

Less:

  

 

    

 

  

Cost of revenues

  

 

6,144,926

  

 

1,117,770

Segment gross profit

  

 

1,470,381

  

 

252,085

Less:

  

 

    

 

  

Payroll and payroll tax expenses

  

 

166,051

  

 

50,082

Legal and accounting expenses

  

 

99,363

  

 

12,267

Rent expense

  

 

46,572

  

 

15,114

Other segment items(2)

  

 

48,930

  

 

14,495

Depreciation and amortization

  

 

18,762

  

 

6,042

Interest expense

  

 

3,115

  

 

967

Income tax expense

  

 

309,352

  

 

1,925

Segment net income

  

$

778,236

  

$

151,193
   

 

    

 

  

Reconciliation of profit or loss

  

 

    

 

  

Adjustments and reconciling items

  

 

—

  

 

—

Consolidated net income

  

$

778,236

  

$

151,193

____________

(1)      Segment revenues represent revenues from external customers and are consistent with consolidated net revenues as reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The Company had no intra-entity sales or transfers for the years presented.

(2)      Other segment items include marketing expense, travel expense, office expense, and other overhead expenses.

The following table presents segment assets and expenditures for segment assets. Segment assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis and reflect total consolidated assets as reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Expenditures for segment assets include additions to long-lived assets.

 

As of/Year
Ended
December 31,
2024

  

As of/Year
Ended
December 31,
2023

Segment assets

  

$

3,429,513

  

$

839,945

Expenditures for segment assets(1)

  

 

3,513

  

 

93,300

____________

(1)      Expenditures for 2024 include purchases of office equipment ($1,082), furniture ($982), and trademarks ($1,449). Expenditures for 2023 include a vehicle ($88,028), furniture ($4,343), and office equipment ($929).

All of the Company’s revenues and long-lived assets were attributable to operations in the United States for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. All customers resided in the United States, and all properties purchased and sold by the Company were located in the United States. Therefore, no geographical disaggregation is presented.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, revenues from two related-party customers accounted for approximately 40.13% and 23.10%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenue from one related-party customer accounted for approximately 78.04% of total revenues.
Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. The Company has concentrated its credit risk for cash by maintaining deposits in the financial institutions in the United States. Deposits in these financial institutions may, from time to time, exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)’s federally insured limits. The standard insurance amount is $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category. The bank deposits exceeding the standard insurance amount will not be covered. The Company did not incur any losses on its cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. The Company has concentrated its credit risk for cash by maintaining deposits in the financial institutions in the United States. Deposits in these financial institutions may, from time to time, exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)’s federally insured limits. The standard insurance amount is $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category. The bank deposits exceeding the standard insurance amount will not be covered. The Company did not incur any losses on its cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the fair value measurement accounting standard in accordance with ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements. Fair value is defined in ASC 820-10 as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon their own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels (Level 1 is the highest priority and Level 3 is the lowest priority):

•        Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•        Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data.

•        Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are not supported by market data. Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best information available, which might include the Company’s own data.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s investments in trading securities totaling $124,993 were measured at fair value using Level 1 inputs, based on quoted market prices in active markets. As of December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any investments in trading securities.

For all other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, their carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the fair value measurement accounting standard in accordance with ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements. Fair value is defined in ASC 820-10 as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon their own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels (Level 1 is the highest priority and Level 3 is the lowest priority):

•        Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•        Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data.

•        Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are not supported by market data. Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best information available, which might include the Company’s own data.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not identify any assets and liabilities that were required to be re-measured at fair value. The carrying values of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximated their fair values because of their short maturities.
Leases

Leases

Under ASC 842, “Leases,” a contract is or contains a lease when the Company has the right to control the use of an identified asset. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract, which is the date on which the terms of the contract are agreed to, and the agreement creates enforceable rights and obligations. The commencement date of the lease is the date that the lessor makes an underlying asset available for use by the Company.

The Company determines if the lease is an operating or finance lease at the lease commencement date based upon the terms of the lease and the nature of the asset. The lease term used to calculate the lease liability includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Linkhome Realty’s office lease is classified as an operating lease, reflected in the operating lease right-of-use assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and non-current portion of operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The lease liability is measured at the present value of future lease payments, discounted using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. As the Company is typically unable to determine the implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the lease term and economic environment at commencement date. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The ROU assets include adjustments for prepayments and accrued lease payments. The right-of-use (“ROU”) asset is initially measured as the amount of lease liability, adjusted for any initial lease costs, prepaid lease payments, and reduced by any lease incentives.

ROU assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. ROU assets from operating and finance leases are subject to the impairment guidance in ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” as ROU assets are long-lived nonfinancial assets.

ROU assets are tested for impairment individually or as part of an asset group if the cash flows related to the ROU assets are not independent from the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recognized no impairment of ROU assets.

Leases

Under ASC 842, “Leases,” a contract is or contains a lease when the Company has the right to control the use of an identified asset. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract, which is the date on which the terms of the contract are agreed to, and the agreement creates enforceable rights and obligations. The commencement date of the lease is the date that the lessor makes an underlying asset available for use by the Company.

The Company determines if the lease is an operating or finance lease at the lease commencement date based upon the terms of the lease and the nature of the asset. The lease term used to calculate the lease liability includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Linkhome Realty’s office lease is classified as an operating lease, reflected in the operating lease right-of-use assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and non-current portion of operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The lease liability is measured at the present value of future lease payments, discounted using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. As the Company is typically unable to determine the implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the lease term and economic environment at commencement date. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The ROU assets include adjustments for prepayments and accrued lease payments. The right-of-use (“ROU”) asset is initially measured as the amount of lease liability, adjusted for any initial lease costs, prepaid lease payments, and reduced by any lease incentives.

ROU assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. ROU assets from operating and finance leases are subject to the impairment guidance in ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” as ROU assets are long-lived nonfinancial assets.

ROU assets are tested for impairment individually or as part of an asset group if the cash flows related to the ROU assets are not independent from the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized no impairment of ROU assets.
Related Parties and Transactions

Related Parties and Transactions

The Company identifies related parties, and accounts for, discloses related party transactions in accordance with ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures” and other relevant ASC standards.

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. Transactions between related parties commonly occurring in the normal course of business are related party transactions. Transactions between related parties are also considered to be related party transactions even though they may not be given accounting recognition. While ASC does not provide accounting or measurement guidance for such transactions, it nonetheless requires their disclosure.

Related Parties and Transactions

The Company identifies related parties, and accounts for, discloses related party transactions in accordance with ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures” and other relevant ASC standards.

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. Transactions between related parties commonly occurring in the normal course of business are related party transactions. Transactions between related parties are also considered to be related party transactions even though they may not be given accounting recognition. While ASC does not provide accounting or measurement guidance for such transactions, it nonetheless requires their disclosure.
Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding and of potential ordinary shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no dilutive stocks.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding and of potential ordinary shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no dilutive stocks.
Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently

involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no such contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no such contingencies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs and periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in the ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable “investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance” and assess “potential future cash flows.” The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 in the fourth quarter of 2024 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” This ASU requires public business entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 with early adoption permitted. These requirements should be applied on a prospective basis with an option to apply them retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

The Company does not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective authoritative guidance, if adopted currently, would have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs and periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in the ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable “investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance” and assess “potential future cash flows.” The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 in the fourth quarter of 2024 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” This ASU requires public business entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 with early adoption permitted. These requirements should be applied on a prospective basis with an option to apply them retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

The Company does not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective authoritative guidance, if adopted currently, would have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
Investments - Trading Securities

Investments — Trading Securities

The Company classifies investments in trading securities as financial instruments acquired with the intent to sell them in the near term for profit. Trading securities are initially recorded at cost and subsequently measured at fair value, with both realized and unrealized gains or losses recognized in the consolidated statements of income under “Other Income/Expenses.” Unrealized gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of trading securities are recognized in the consolidated statements of income at each reporting period, while realized gains or losses are calculated based on the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the securities sold.

The Company opened an investment account at J.P. Morgan Chase in January 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company purchased trading securities totaling $136,000. As of March 31, 2025, investment in trading securities totaled $124,993, with an unrealized loss of $11,007 recognized in the consolidated statements of income under “Other Income/Expenses.”