Income Tax (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
Income Tax [Abstract] |
|
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
The components of income tax expense (benefit)
for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 are as follows:
| |
For
the years ended December
31, | |
| |
2022 (RMB) | | |
2023 (RMB) | | |
2024 (RMB) | |
Current income tax expense | |
| – | | |
| 66 | | |
| 704 | |
Deferred income tax expense/(benefit) | |
| – | | |
| 2,302 | | |
| (1,676 | ) |
Total income tax expense/(benefit) | |
| – | | |
| 2,368 | | |
| (972 | ) |
|
Schedule of Reconciliation of the Actual Income Tax Expense |
A reconciliation of the actual income tax expense
to the amount computed by applying the PRC statutory income tax rate of 25% to income (loss) before tax is as follows:
| |
For
the years ended December
31, | |
| |
2022 (RMB) | | |
2023 (RMB) | | |
2024 (RMB) | |
Loss before income tax | |
| 14,797 | | |
| 4,004 | | |
| (4,804 | ) |
Expected tax expense at statutory rate | |
| (3,699 | ) | |
| (1,001 | ) | |
| 1201 | |
Parent-subsidiary tax rate differential | |
| – | | |
| – | | |
| (940 | ) |
Effect of tax rate differences | |
| 3,616 | | |
| (292 | ) | |
| (1,545 | ) |
Additional deduction for R&D expenses | |
| (498 | ) | |
| (878 | ) | |
| (1,090 | ) |
Impact of tax rate change on deferred taxes | |
| (3,961 | ) | |
| (4,234 | ) | |
| (237 | ) |
Non-deductible expenses | |
| (110 | ) | |
| 18 | | |
| 479 | |
Non-taxable income | |
| (175 | ) | |
| – | | |
| – | |
Change in valuation allowance | |
| 4,827 | | |
| 8,755 | | |
| 1,160 | |
Total income tax expense/(benefit) | |
| – | | |
| 2,368 | | |
| (972 | ) |
|
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities |
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 are as follows:
| |
As
of December 31, | |
| |
2022 (RMB) | | |
2023 (RMB) | | |
2024 (RMB) | |
Net operating loss carryforward | |
| 19,506 | | |
| 27,145 | | |
| 31,334 | |
Advertising expenses | |
| 37 | | |
| 37 | | |
| 37 | |
Impairment/disposal of property and equipment | |
| 6,079 | | |
| 6,847 | | |
| 6,954 | |
Deferred revenue | |
| 7,719 | | |
| 7,412 | | |
| 7,385 | |
GAAP differences – others | |
| 53 | | |
| 392 | | |
| (172 | ) |
Allowance for credit losses | |
| 126 | | |
| 335 | | |
| 517 | |
Net deferred tax liabilities offset | |
| - | | |
| (790 | ) | |
| (3,517 | ) |
Less: Valuation allowance | |
| (33,520 | ) | |
| (41,378 | ) | |
| (42,538 | ) |
Total net deferred tax assets | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| |
As of December 31, | |
| |
2022 (RMB) | | |
2023 (RMB) | | |
2024 (RMB) | |
Unbilled revenue | |
| - | | |
| (3,092 | ) | |
| (4,143 | ) |
Total | |
| - | | |
| (3,092 | ) | |
| (4,143 | ) |
Deferred tax assets offset | |
| - | | |
| 790 | | |
| 3,517 | |
Net deferred tax liabilities | |
| - | | |
| (2,302 | ) | |
| (626 | ) |
|
Schedule of the Group Recognized Valuation Allowances |
As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Group recognized valuation allowances of RMB 41,378 thousand and RMB 42,538 thousand,
respectively.
| |
As of December 31, | |
| |
2023 (RMB) | | |
2024 (RMB) | |
Balance at beginning of the year | |
| 33,520 | | |
| 41,378 | |
Additions | |
| 9,672 | | |
| 3,916 | |
Decreases | |
| (917 | ) | |
| 2,756 | |
Prior year true-up | |
| (897 | ) | |
| | |
Balance at end of the year | |
| 41,378 | | |
| 42,538 | |
|
Schedule of Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) Carryforwards |
As of December 31, 2024, the Group’s net
operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards in the PRC, if not utilized, will expire in the following years:
Expiry Year | |
NOL Carryforward (RMB in thousands) | |
2025 | |
| 1,588 | |
2026 | |
| 7,105 | |
2027 | |
| 19,619 | |
2028 | |
| 12,369 | |
2029 | |
| 19,715 | |
2030 | |
| 12,565 | |
2031 | |
| 9,223 | |
2032 | |
| 18,311 | |
2033 | |
| 12,022 | |
2034 | |
| 14,084 | |
Total | |
| 126,601 | |
|