The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method as at the acquisition date when the acquired set of activities and assets meets the definition of a business and control is transferred to the Group. In determining whether a particular set of activities and assets is a business, the Group assesses whether the set of assets and activities acquired includes, at a minimum, an input and substantive process and whether the acquired set has the ability to produce outputs. The Group has an option to apply a ‘concentration test’ that permits a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business. The optional concentration test is met if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets.

The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets acquired, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of acquisition. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of contingent consideration and deferred consideration, if any. If an obligation to pay contingent consideration that meets the definition of a financial instrument is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, other contingent consideration is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date and subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at fair value at the date of acquisition.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests and any previous interest held over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed). If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss.

Transaction costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt or equity securities.

If share based payment awards (replacement awards) are required to be exchanged for awards held by the acquiree’s employees (acquiree’s awards), then all or a portion of the amount of the acquirer’s replacement awards is included in measuring the consideration transferred in the business combination. This determination is based on the market-based measure of the replacement awards compared with the market-based measure of the acquiree’s awards and the extent to which the replacement awards relate to pre-combination service.

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus or minus, for an item not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortised cost; FVOCI – debt investment; FVOCI – equity investment; or FVTPL.

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Group changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting period following the change in the business model.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

On initial recognition of an equity investment, which meets the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and not held for trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Group may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets – Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest

For the purposes of this assessment, ‘principal’ is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ‘Interest’ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin. In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Group considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Group considers:

Financial assets – Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at amortised cost

These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The gross carrying amount is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in profit or loss.

Debt investments at FVOCI

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.

Financial assets at FVTPL

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in profit or loss.

Equity investments at FVOCI

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognised as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are never reclassified to profit or loss.

Financial liabilities – Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.

Where the Group has written put option over non-controlling interest, a put option liability is recorded as financial liability. The Group considers whether the ownership risks and rewards of the shares relating to the put option remains with non-controlling interest or is transferred to the Group. At the time of initial recognition, equity is debited in case ownership risks and rewards of the shares relating to put option remains with the non-controlling interest. However, where the ownership risks and rewards of the shares relating to put option have been transferred to the Group, non-controlling interest is adjusted up to the balance of financial liability and differential is debited to equity. The Group has opted to carry the put option liability at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Group has chosen an accounting policy to recognise changes in the carrying amount of the put option liability within equity.

Financial assets

The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset.

Financial liabilities

The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Group also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value.

On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognised in profit or loss.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company has written a put option to promoter of associate for acquisition of additional shares at a future date. On initial recognition, a liability is created in respect of acquisition of these additional shares and is measured at fair value with corresponding debit to investment in associate. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are remeasured at fair value, and changes therein are recognised in profit and loss.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Ordinary shares

Ordinary shares are classified as equity with par value of $0.0005 per share. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognized as a deduction from equity net of any tax effects.

Income tax relating to transaction costs of an equity transaction is accounted for in accordance with IAS 12.

Class B Convertible Ordinary Shares

Class B Convertible Ordinary shares (“Class B shares”) are classified as equity with par value of $0.0005 per share. The terms of issue generally provide that the Class B shares issued to any shareholder will have the same powers and relative participation rights as ordinary shares of the Company and shall vote together with ordinary shares as a single class on all matters on which the Company shareholders are entitled to vote, except as required by applicable law. Class B shares will be convertible into an equal number of ordinary shares, which shall be fully paid, non-assessable and free of any preemptive rights, of the Company on demand at the election of the holder, and will be automatically converted into an equal number of ordinary shares upon the transfer of Class B shares to another party.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of Class B shares are recognized as a deduction from equity.

Repurchase of share capital (treasury shares)

When share capital is repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, which includes directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognized as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares are classified as treasury shares and are presented in the treasury shares reserve.

Compound financial instruments issued by the Group comprise convertible notes denominated in USD that can be converted to ordinary shares at the option of the holder at any point of time till the date of mandatory conversion. The number of shares to be issued is fixed and is subject to certain adjustments in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or any conversion rate adjustments (in each case, as described in the indenture relating to the convertible notes) and does not vary with changes in fair value. The liability component of compound financial instruments is initially recognised at the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option. The equity component is initially recognised at the difference between the fair value of the compound financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts.

Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of a compound financial instrument is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The equity component of a compound financial instrument is not remeasured. Interest related to the financial liability is recognised in profit or loss. In case of any change in estimate related to expectations or timing of the repayment, new carrying amount of liability component is recalculated based on re-estimated cash flows discounted at the original effective rate and any difference in the carrying amounts is recognised in profit or loss.

Goodwill represents excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s share in the fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities. If the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognized immediately in profit or loss. Subsequent to initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Technology related development costs incurred by the Group are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenses incurred during the development stage. The costs related to planning and post implementation phases of development are expensed as incurred.

Expenditure on research activities are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Development activities involve a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved products and processes.

Development expenditure is capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Group intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. The expenditure capitalized include the employee costs and overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use, and capitalized borrowing cost.

Other intangible assets mainly comprise intangible assets including customer relationship, brand/trade mark and non-compete acquired in a business combination and software that are acquired by the Group.

Software has finite useful lives and is measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes any directly attributable expenses necessary to make the assets ready for use.

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are measured at fair value as at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, these intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits derived from the cost incurred will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the item can be reliably determined. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Amortization of intangible assets, other than goodwill, is calculated over the cost of the intangible assets, or other amount substituted for cost, less its residual value.

Amortization is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use, since this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset.

Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted as appropriate.

Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as personnel expense in the periods during which services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Group’s gratuity scheme is a defined benefit plan. The Group’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligations is performed half yearly by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Group, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. To calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any applicable minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income. The Group determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the year to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Group recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

The discount rate is based on the prevailing market yields of Indian government securities as at the reporting date that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Group’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid.

Benefits under the Group’s compensated absences policy constitute other long term employee benefits.

The Group’s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The discount rate is based on the prevailing market yields of Indian government securities as at the reporting date that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Group’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which benefits are expected to be paid. The calculation is performed using the projected unit credit method. Any actuarial gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

The grant date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognized as personnel expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market performance conditions at the vesting date. The increase in equity recognized in connection with a share based payment transaction is presented in the share based payment reserve, as a separate component in equity.

The Group provides travel products and services to leisure and corporate travelers in India and abroad. The revenue from rendering these services is recognized in the profit or loss upon transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. This is generally the case: 1) on the date of departure for tours and packages, 2) date of check-in for hotel booking business, 3) on the issuance of the ticket in the case of sale of airline tickets, 4) date of issuance of bus tickets, and 5) date of completion of trip in case of car bookings. The Group considers both the traveler and travel supplier to be its customers.

Income from the sale of tickets (airline, bus and rail) including convenience fees, commission and fees earned is recognized as an agent on a net basis when the traveler books the ticket as the performance obligation is satisfied by the Group on issuance of ticket to the traveler. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Group began recognizing bus ticketing revenue at the time of issuance of bus tickets due to changes in underlying arrangements with our suppliers. Previously, the Group recognized bus ticketing revenue on the date of the bus journey.

Income from hotel reservations including commission earned and convenience fees is recognized on a net basis as an agent on the date of check-in as the performance obligation is satisfied by the Group on the date of check-in by the traveler.

Income from tours and packages, including income on airline tickets sold to the travelers as a part of tours and packages is accounted on gross basis as the Group controls the services before such services are transferred to the traveler.

Income from sale of airline tickets, hotel reservations, bus ticketing and rail ticketing is recorded on net basis (i.e., the amount billed to a traveler less amount paid to a supplier), as the supplier is primarily responsible for providing the underlying travel services and the Group does not control the service provided by the supplier to the traveler.

Income from hotels and packages also includes amounts received from hotel suppliers against online promotions of hotel brands on the Company’s platforms.

Revenue relating to contracts with travel suppliers which include incentive payments are accounted for as variable consideration when the amount of revenue to be recognized can be estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any incremental revenue will not occur.

Income from other sources of the Group, primarily comprising advertising revenue, fees for facilitating access to its internet based platforms to travel insurance companies and brand alliance fees is recognized as the services are performed as per the terms of the contracts with respective supplier.

The Group provides loyalty programs under which participating customers earn loyalty points on current transactions that can be redeemed for future qualifying transactions. Under its customer loyalty programs, the Group allocates a portion of the consideration received to loyalty points that are redeemable against any future purchases of the Group’s services. This allocation is based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and considering breakages. The amount allocated to the loyalty program is deferred, and is recognised as revenue when loyalty points are redeemed or expire.

Revenue is recognized net of cancellations, refunds, discounts, incentives and taxes. However, when the discount and other incentives offered to the traveler are higher than the income earned from the customers, the excess (i.e., the discount/incentive given to a traveler less income earned from the customers) on an individual transaction basis is classified under marketing and sales promotion expenses.

In the event of cancellation of airline tickets, revenue recognized in respect of commissions earned by the Company on such tickets is reversed and is netted off from the revenue earned during the fiscal period at the time the cancellation is made by the customers. The revenue from the sale of tours and packages and hotel reservations is recognized on the customer’s departure and check-in date respectively. Cancellations, if any, do not impact revenue recognition since revenue is recognized upon the availment of services by the customer in these services.

At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Group assesses whether: (1) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (2) the Group has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (3) the Group has the right to direct the use of the asset.

As a lessee

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone prices. However, for the leases of property, the Group has elected not to separate non-lease components and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the lease commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Lease liability is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

Further, where a lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, the lease liability is remeasured based on the lease term of the modified lease by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate at the effective date of the modification. Where the scope of the lease is decreased, corresponding impact is made on the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset to reflect the partial or full termination of the lease for lease modifications and gain or loss relating to the partial or full termination of the lease recognised in statement of profit or loss. Where the scope of the lease is not decreased, corresponding adjustment is made to the related right-of-use asset with no impact on statement of profit or loss.

The Group presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘property, plant and equipment’ and ‘lease liabilities’ in loans and borrowings in the statement of financial position.

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognized in equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.

Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences:

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Current tax and deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

In accordance with IFRS 8 – Operating Segments, the operating segments used to present segment information are identified on the basis of internal reports used by the Group’s management to allocate resources to the segments and assess their performance. An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Group’s other components. Results of the operating segments are reviewed regularly by the Group’s executive officers comprising of Group Chief Executive Officer and Group Chief Financial Officer, which has been identified as the chief operating decision maker (CODM), to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and for which discrete financial information is available.

The Group has three reportable segments, i.e. air ticketing, hotels and packages and bus ticketing. In addition, the Group has made relevant entity-wide disclosures (refer note 6).

Segment results that are reported to the CODM include items directly attributable to a segment.

Revenue directly attributable to the segments is considered segment revenue. Income from tours and packages is measured on a gross basis and any commission earned on hotel reservations booked is recognized on a net basis as an agent on the date of check in. Segment revenue of air ticketing segment is measured on a net basis. Segment revenue of bus ticketing segment is measured on a net basis as an agent on the date of booking (also refer note 3 (j)). For the purposes of the CODM review, Adjusted Margin, the segment profitability measure, represents IFRS revenue after adding back certain customer inducement costs in the nature of customer incentives, customer acquisition costs and loyalty program costs, which are reported as a reduction of revenue and reducing service cost is a key operating metric, which is sufficient to assess performance and make resource allocation decisions.

Service cost includes cost of airline tickets, amounts paid to hotels and other service providers and other cost of providing services. Operating expenses other than service cost have not been allocated to the operating segments and are treated as unallocated/common expenses.

Assets and liabilities are used interchangeably between segments and these have not been allocated to the reportable segments, as these are not reviewed by the CODM.

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the year is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Group are segregated.

Amendment to IAS 21

On August 15, 2023, IASB has issued amendment to IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, Lack of Exchangeability that will require companies to provide more useful information in their financial statements when a currency cannot be exchanged into another currency. This amendment specify when a currency is exchangeable into another currency and when it is not and specify how an entity determines the exchange rate to apply when a currency is not exchangeable. The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2025, although early adoption is permitted. This amendment is applicable to the Group for annual reporting periods beginning on April 1, 2025. The Group has evaluated this amendment and there will be no impact on its financial statements.

IFRS 18 – Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements

In April 2024, the IASB issued its new standard IFRS 18 – Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements that will replace IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements. The new standard aims at improving how entities communicate in their financial statements. The effective date for adoption of this standard is annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027, although early adoption is permitted. This standard is applicable to the Group for annual reporting periods beginning on April 1, 2027. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of IFRS 18 on its financial statements.

Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7

On May 30, 2024, IASB has issued below amendments to the classification and measurement requirements in IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. These amendments provide clarification on derecognition of a financial liability settled through electronic transfer, classification of financial assets and disclosure requirements w.r.t. investments in equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income. The effective date for adoption of these amendments are annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026, although early adoption is permitted. These amendments are applicable to the Group for annual reporting periods beginning on April 1, 2026. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 on its financial statements.