Leasing Arrangements – Lessee

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Leasing Arrangements – Lessee [Abstract]

8. Leasing arrangements — lessee

a) The Group leases offices and multifunctional business machines located in Taiwan and Japan. Lease agreements are typically made for periods of 2 to 15 years. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not impose covenants, but leased assets may not be used as security for borrowing purposes.

b) Short-term leases with a lease term of 12 months or less comprise multifunctional printers and rental of event venues.

c) The carrying amount of right-of-use assets and the depreciation expenses are as follows:

	December 31, 2023 Carrying amount		December 31, 2024 Carrying amount
Buildings	$	6,121,258	$	5,170,274
Machinery and equipment		19,557		12,254
	$	6,140,815	$	5,182,528

	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2023		2024
	Depreciation expenses		Depreciation expenses		Depreciation expenses
Buildings	$	394,184	$	862,258	$	982,126
Machinery and equipment		—		3,532		5,619
	$	394,184	$	865,790	$	987,745

d) For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, additions to right-of-use assets were $6,396,201 (including $6,371,979 acquired from MG at the acquisition date) and $584,671, respectively.

e) The information on profit or loss accounts relating to lease contracts is as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2023		2024
Items affecting profit or loss
Interest expense on lease liabilities	$	42,419	$	66,640
Expense on short-term lease contracts		41,766		533,654
Gain on lease modification		—		3,273

f) For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Group’s total cash outflow for leases were $866,302 and $1,601,454, respectively.