| Property, plant and equipment, net |
7. Property, plant and equipment, net
|
|
|
2022
|
|
Office
equipment
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
Others
|
|
Total
|
|
January 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
$
|
50,332 |
|
|
$
|
105,966 |
|
|
$
|
92,214 |
|
|
$
|
248,512 |
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(31,936 |
)
|
|
|
(67,574 |
)
|
|
|
(91,618 |
)
|
|
|
(191,128 |
)
|
| |
|
$
|
18,396 |
|
|
$
|
38,392 |
|
|
$
|
596 |
|
|
$
|
57,384 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1
|
|
$
|
18,396 |
|
|
$
|
38,392 |
|
|
$
|
596 |
|
|
$
|
57,384 |
|
|
Acquisition through business combination
|
|
|
12,278 |
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
12,278 |
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
52,481 |
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
52,481 |
|
|
Depreciation expenses
|
|
|
(18,856 |
)
|
|
|
(19,670 |
)
|
|
|
(552 |
)
|
|
|
(39,078 |
)
|
|
Exchange difference
|
|
|
(2,317 |
)
|
|
|
(3,237 |
)
|
|
|
(44 |
)
|
|
|
(5,598 |
)
|
|
December 31
|
|
$
|
61,982 |
|
|
$
|
15,485 |
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
77,467 |
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
$
|
109,955 |
|
|
$
|
89,005 |
|
|
$
|
83,116 |
|
|
$
|
282,076 |
|
|
Accumulated depreciationt
|
|
|
(47,973 |
)
|
|
|
(73,520 |
)
|
|
|
(83,116 |
)
|
|
|
(204,609 |
)
|
| |
|
$
|
61,982 |
|
|
$
|
15,485 |
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
77,467 |
|
|
|
|
2023
|
|
Office
equipment
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
Others
|
|
Total
|
|
January 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
$
|
109,955 |
|
|
$
|
89,005 |
|
|
$
|
83,116 |
|
|
$
|
282,076 |
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(47,973 |
)
|
|
|
(73,520 |
)
|
|
|
(83,116 |
)
|
|
|
(204,609 |
)
|
| |
|
$
|
61,982 |
|
|
$
|
15,485 |
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
77,467 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1
|
|
$
|
61,982 |
|
|
$
|
15,485 |
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
77,467 |
|
|
Acquisition through business combination
|
|
|
306,218 |
|
|
|
219,573 |
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
525,791 |
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
88,490 |
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
11,607 |
|
|
|
100,097 |
|
|
Depreciation expenses
|
|
|
(109,797 |
)
|
|
|
(47,763 |
)
|
|
|
(2,433 |
)
|
|
|
(159,993 |
)
|
|
Disposals
|
|
|
(974 |
)
|
|
|
(157 |
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,131 |
)
|
|
Reclassifications
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(5,090 |
)
|
|
|
5,090 |
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
Exchange difference
|
|
|
(2,261 |
)
|
|
|
(3,174 |
)
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
(5,217 |
)
|
|
December 31
|
|
$
|
343,658 |
|
|
$
|
178,874 |
|
|
$
|
14,482 |
|
|
$
|
537,014 |
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
$
|
1,030,893 |
|
|
$
|
518,320 |
|
|
$
|
93,906 |
|
|
$
|
1,643,119 |
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(687,235 |
)
|
|
|
(339,446 |
)
|
|
|
(79,424 |
)
|
|
|
(1,106,105 |
)
|
| |
|
$
|
343,658 |
|
|
$
|
178,874 |
|
|
$
|
14,482 |
|
|
$
|
537,014 |
|
|
|
|
2024
|
| |
|
Office
equipment
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
Others
|
|
Total
|
|
January 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
$
|
1,030,893 |
|
|
$
|
518,320 |
|
|
$
|
93,906 |
|
|
$
|
1,643,119 |
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(687,235 |
)
|
|
|
(339,446 |
)
|
|
|
(79,424 |
)
|
|
|
(1,106,105 |
)
|
| |
|
$
|
343,658 |
|
|
$
|
178,874 |
|
|
$
|
14,482 |
|
|
$
|
537,014 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1
|
|
$
|
343,658 |
|
|
$
|
178,874 |
|
|
$
|
14,482 |
|
|
$
|
537,014 |
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
81,959 |
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
81,959 |
|
|
Depreciation expenses
|
|
|
(117,405 |
)
|
|
|
(26,523 |
)
|
|
|
(5,958 |
)
|
|
|
(149,886 |
)
|
|
Disposal
|
|
|
(14,028 |
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(14,028 |
)
|
|
Exchange difference
|
|
|
(7,288 |
)
|
|
|
(16,163 |
)
|
|
|
(799 |
)
|
|
|
(24,250 |
)
|
|
December 31
|
|
$
|
286,896 |
|
|
$
|
136,188 |
|
|
$
|
7,725 |
|
|
$
|
430,809 |
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
$
|
1,013,437 |
|
|
$
|
469,116 |
|
|
$
|
87,949 |
|
|
$
|
1,570,502 |
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(726,541 |
)
|
|
|
(332,928 |
)
|
|
|
(80,224 |
)
|
|
|
(1,139,693 |
)
|
| |
|
$
|
286,896 |
|
|
$
|
136,188 |
|
|
$
|
7,725 |
|
|
$
|
430,809 |
|
No property, plant and equipment were pledged to others.
|