SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Apr. 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Consolidation | Basis of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements of Trio Petroleum, Corp. include the accounts of TPET and our wholly owned Canadian subsidiary Trio Canada. All significant intercompany profits, losses, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Amounts presented in the balance sheet as of October 31, 2024 are derived from our audited financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six month periods ended April 30, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared in accordance U.S. GAAP and the interim reporting rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments (unless otherwise indicated), necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transactions and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
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| Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s reporting currency is the United States dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s Canadian subsidiary is the Canadian Dollar (“CAD”) for balance sheet accounts (0.7247 and 0.7177 CAD to 1 US dollar, each as of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, respectively), while expense accounts are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period (0.7043 and 0.7370 CAD to 1 US dollar for each of the three months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 0.7039 and 0.7386 CAD to 1 US dollar each for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively). Equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recognized in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of an entity from all sources other than investments by owners or distributions to owners and includes foreign currency translation adjustments as described above. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2025, the Company recorded $34,846 and $34,846, respectively, in other comprehensive income, and no other comprehensive income or loss as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments during the three and six months ended April 30, 2024.
Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are included in results of operations. The Company recognized no foreign currency transaction gains or losses for the three and six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024. Such amounts are classified within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
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| Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024.
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| Prepaid Expenses | Prepaid Expenses
Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the balances of the prepaids account were $250,051 and $279,274, respectively.
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| Loan Receivables | Loan Receivables
Loan receivables are recorded at their outstanding principal balance, net of any allowance for credit losses. The Company evaluates the collectability of loan receivables based on historical experience, current economic conditions, and the creditworthiness of borrowers. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to cover estimated losses; the allowance is determined based on historical loss experience, current economic conditions and specific borrower risk assessments. Adjustments to the allowance are recorded through provision for credit losses in the statement of operations. Interest income on loan receivables is recognized using the effective interest method. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when collection of principal or interest is uncertain. Loan receivables are reviewed periodically for impairment. If a loan is deemed uncollectible, the Company records a charge-off against the allowance for credit losses.
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| Debt Issuance Costs | Debt Issuance Costs
Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the Company recorded $43,330 and $259,903 in debt issuance costs, respectively.
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| Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs – Successful Efforts | Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs – Successful Efforts
The Company’s projects are in exploration and/or early production stages and the Company began generating revenue from its operations during the quarterly period ended April 30, 2024. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.
Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers.
As of April 30, 2025, the Company had five wells that are producing, all of which are located in the newly acquired Saskatchewan property, plus two workovers. The Company expects to add the reserve value of such fields to the Company’s reserve report after a further period of observation and review of the oil production; once this has been determined, it will estimate the necessary depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) for such wells.
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| Proved and unproved oil and natural gas properties | Proved and unproved oil and natural gas properties
Unproved oil and natural gas properties have unproved lease acquisition costs, which are capitalized until the lease expires or otherwise until the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time the Company charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future development plans. As of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, such oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to DD&A.
Proved oil and natural gas properties include developed and undeveloped reserves that have been confirmed through drilling and production activities. These properties are subject to DD&A, which is calculated using the unit-of-production method based on total proved reserves.
As of April 30, 2025, the Company has proved reserves in the newly acquired Saskatchewan properties and expects to add the reserves values of such fields to the Company’s reserve report; once this has been done, it will estimate the necessary DD&A for such wells.
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| Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets | Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties.
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| Asset Retirement Obligations | Asset Retirement Obligations
ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the South Salinas Project (“SSP”) acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the SSP acquisition in future exploration, production and/or disposal (i.e., disposal of produced water or CO2 by injection) activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.
Components of the changes in ARO are shown below:
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition
ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”) requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services; refer to Note 4 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information.
The Company’s revenue is comprised of revenue from exploration and production activities to produce oil. The Company’s oil is sold to one customer who is a marketer, and payment is received in the month following delivery.
The Company recognizes sales revenues from oil when control transfers to the customer at the time of delivery. Revenue is measured based on the contract price, which may include adjustments for market differentials and downstream costs incurred by the customer, including gathering, transportation or short load fees.
Revenues are recognized for the sale of the Company’s percentage of working interest, adjusted for any incoming and outstanding expenses and oil and gas assessments.
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| Related Parties | Related Parties
Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an 82.75% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an 85.775% working interest as of April 2023) in the SSP from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned % of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, Trio LLC owned less than % and %, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.
For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
The Company’s wholly owned Canadian subsidiary is subject to taxation under Canadian federal and provincial tax laws. The subsidiary’s income tax provision is calculated based on applicable Canadian tax rates, and any differences between U.S. and Canadian tax treatments are considered in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company also considers the impact of the U.S.-Canada Tax Treaty in determining its tax obligations, including withholding taxes on intercompany transactions.
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| Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements
The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.
There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.
The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.
The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 – Property, Plant and Equipment, exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
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| Net Loss Per Share |
Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic loss per share, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of share options, warrants and convertible notes, if dilutive.
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| Environmental Expenditures | Environmental Expenditures
The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degrees by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.
Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.
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| Reclassification of Expenses | Reclassification of Expenses
Certain amounts in the prior periods presented have been reclassified to a current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification has no effect on previously reported net income.
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| Subsequent Events | Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after April 30, 2025 through the date of the filing of this report. See Note 10 for such events and transactions. |
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