Exhibit 96.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table of Contents

 

1.0   Executive Summary 1-1
1.1   Summary 1-1
1.2   Economic Analysis 1-9
1.3   Technical Summary 1-13
2.0   Introduction 2-1
2.1   Site Visits 2-2
2.2   Sources of Information 2-2
2.3   List of Abbreviations 2-4
3.0   Property Description 3-1
3.1   Location 3-1
3.2   Land Tenure 3-4
3.3   Significant Encumbrances including Required Permits and Status 3-6
3.4   Other Significant Factors and Risks 3-7
4.0   Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography 4-1
4.1   Accessibility 4-1
4.2   Climate 4-1
4.3   Local Resources 4-3
4.4   Infrastructure 4-4
4.5   Physiography 4-5
5.0   History 5-1
5.1   Prior Ownership 5-1
5.2   Past Production 5-2
6.0   Geological Setting, Mineralization, and Deposit 6-1
6.1   Regional Geology 6-1
6.2   Local Geology 6-2
6.3   Property Geology 6-5
6.4   Mineralization 6-13
6.5   Deposit Types 6-16
7.0   Exploration 7-1
7.1   Exploration 7-1
7.2   Drilling 7-5
7.3   Hydrogeology Data 7-9
7.4   Geotechnical Data 7-11
 i

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

8.0   Sample Preparation, Analyses, and Security 8-1
8.1   Sampling Method and Approach 8-1
8.2   Sample Preparation and Analyses 8-5
8.3   Density Determinations 8-8
8.4   Sample Security 8-10
8.5   Quality Assurance and Quality Control 8-11
8.6   Conclusions and Recommendations 8-25
9.0   Data Verification 9-1
9.1   Previous Work 9-1
9.2   Current Work 9-2
10.0   Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing 10-1
10.1   Metallurgical Testing 2023 10-1
10.2   Metallurgical Testing 2024 10-8
11.0   Mineral Resource Estimates 11-1
11.1   Summary 11-1
11.2   Resource Database 11-2
11.3   Geological Interpretation 11-3
11.4   Grade Domaining 11-15
11.5   Treatment of High-Grade Assays 11-17
11.6   Compositing 11-22
11.7   Trend Analysis 11-23
11.8   Block Models 11-31
11.9   Search Strategy and Grade Interpolation Parameters 11-31
11.10   Estimation Validation 11-36
11.11   Bulk Density 11-53
11.12   Cut-off Grade and Whittle Parameters 11-53
11.13   Classification 11-54
11.14   Mineral Resource Reporting 11-56
12.0   Mineral Reserve Estimates 12-1
12.1   Summary 12-1
12.2   Dilution 12-5
12.3   Extraction 12-5
12.4   Cut-off Grade 12-5
12.5   Comparison with Previous Estimate 12-6
 ii

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

13.0   Mining Methods 13-1
13.1   Geotechnical Studies 13-1
13.2   Mine Design 13-9
13.3   Mining Method 13-10
13.4   Mine Optimization 13-17
13.5   Life of Mine Plan 13-19
14.0   Processing and Recovery Methods 14-1
14.1   Plant Throughput and Design 14-1
14.2   Summary Process Description 14-1
14.3   Process Description 14-2
14.4   Energy, Water, and Material Requirements 14-11
14.5   Process Flow Sheet 14-12
15.0   Infrastructure 15-1
15.1   Heap Leach Pad 15-1
15.2   Water Supply 15-4
15.3   Purchasing and Warehousing 15-4
15.4   Offices and Shops 15-4
15.5   Communications 15-4
15.6   Accommodations 15-4
15.7   Energy Supply 15-5
15.8   Transportation and Access 15-5
16.0   Market Studies 16-1
16.1   Markets 16-1
16.2   Contracts 16-1
17.0   Environmental Studies, Permitting, and Plans, Negotiations, or Agreements with Local Individuals or Groups 17-1
17.1   Environmental and Social Setting 17-1
17.2   Environmental and Social Impacts and Risks 17-3
17.3   Project Permitting 17-5
17.4   Project Compliance Reports 17-11
17.5   Waste Disposal, Site Monitoring and Water Management 17-11
17.6   Mine Closure Requirements 17-14
17.7   Qualified Person’s Opinion 17-15
18.0   Capital and Operating Costs 18-1
18.1   Capital Costs 18-1
 iii

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

18.2   Operating Costs 18-2
19.0   Economic Analysis 19-1
19.1   Economic Criteria 19-2
19.2   Cash Flow Analysis 19-4
19.3   Sensitivity Analysis 19-6
20.0   Adjacent Properties 20-1
21.0   Other Relevant Data and Information 21-1
22.0   Interpretation and Conclusions 22-1
22.1   Geology and Mineral Resources 22-1
22.2   Mining and Mineral Reserves 22-1
22.3   Mineral Processing 22-2
22.4   Infrastructure 22-4
22.5   Environment 22-5
22.6   Capital and Operating Costs 22-5
23.0   Recommendations 23-1
23.1   Geology and Mineral Resources 23-1
23.2   Mining and Mineral Reserves 23-1
23.3   Mineral Processing 23-2
23.4   Infrastructure 23-2
23.5   Environment 23-2
23.6   Capital and Operating Costs 23-3
24.0   References 24-1
25.0   Reliance on Information Provided by the Registrant 25-1
26.0   Date and Signature Page 26-1

 

Tables

 

Table 1-1:   After-Tax Cash Flow Summary 1-12
Table 1-1:   Summary of Mineral Resource Estimate – December 31, 2024 1-18
Table 1-2:   Summary of Mineral Reserve Estimate – December 31, 2024 1-20
Table 5-1:   Production History – 1983 to 2024 5-3
Table 7-1:   Drill Programs Completed at San Andrés Mine 7-5
Table 7-2:   Recent Hydrogeological Boreholes 7-9
Table 7-3:   Installation Depth of Piezometers 7-10
Table 7-4:   Summary of Recent Hydrogeological Data 7-10
 iv

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 7-5:   Summary of Geotechnical Units. 7-11
Table 7-6:   Summary of Geotechnical Laboratory Testing and Strength Parameters 7-11
Table 8-1:   Density Measurements 8-8
Table 8-2:   San Andrés QC Submittals: 2010 to 2024 8-14
Table 8-3:   San Andrés Certified Reference Material Performances 8-15
Table 8-4:   Summary of Duplicate Data Performance 8-21
Table 10-1:   Column Leach Testing of Esperanza Alto in 2023 10-1
Table 10-2:   Column Leach Testing of Banana Ridge in 2023 10-3
Table 10-3:   Column Leach Testing of Esperanza Bajo in 2023 10-4
Table 10-4:   Column Leach Testing of Falla A in 2023 10-6
Table 10-5:   Column Leach Testing of Composite in 2023 10-7
Table 10-6:   Column Leach Test Results by Zone 10-10
Table 11-1:   Summary of Mineral Resources – December 31, 2024 11-1
Table 11-2:   Lithological Domain Wireframes 11-4
Table 11-3:   Alteration Wireframes 11-6
Table 11-4:   Oxidation Wireframes 11-8
Table 11-5:   Grade Domain Wireframes (Au > 0.15 g/t) 11-10
Table 11-6:   Geological Structural Sub-Zone Wireframes 11-12
Table 11-7:   Capping Statistics 11-20
Table 11-8:   Variogram Model Parameters 11-29
Table 11-9:   Block Model Definition 11-31
Table 11-10:   Sample Selection Strategy 11-32
Table 11-11:   Search Strategy and Grade Interpolation Parameters 11-33
Table 11-12:   Reserve Estimation (OK) versus NN Gold Grade Estimation 11-41
Table 11-13:   Mineral Resource Model Comparison with Production Data 11-44
Table 11-14:   Reconciliation of Grade Control, Process Plant and Gold Production 11-50
Table 11-15:   Comparison between the 2024 and 2023 Block Models (within Resource shell using Original Topography) 11-51
Table 11-16:   Grade and Tonnage Comparison for the 2024 vs 2023 Block Models (within Resource shell using December 2024 Topography) 11-52
Table 11-17:   Resources Cut-off Parameters 11-53
Table 11-18:   Summary of Mineral Resources at San Andrés Mine – Effective Date December 31, 2024 11-56
Table 12-1:   Open Pit Main Design Parameters 12-1
Table 12-2:   Cut-Off Grade Parameters 12-2
 v

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 12-3:   Summary of Mineral Reserve Estimate – December 31, 2024 12-2
Table 12-4:   Comparison of 2024 to 2023 Mineral Reserve Estimate 12-7
Table 13-1:   Description of Geotechnical Units 13-2
Table 13-2:   RMR and Q-Value Ranges by Geotechnical Unit 13-3
Table 13-3:   Maximum Overall Slope Angles by Lithology 13-8
Table 13-4:   Contractor Equipment Fleet 13-12
Table 13-5:   WRSF Design Parameters 13-15
Table 13-6:   Pit Optimization Results (RF = 1.0) 13-18
Table 13-8:   LOM Mining Schedule 13-20
Table 14-1:   Plant Throughput 14-1
Table 14-2:   Summary of Agglomerator Conveyors 14-5
Table 14-3:   Heap Leach Pond Capacities 14-7
Table 15-1:   Capacity of Diesel Powered Generators 15-5
Table 17-1:   Minosa - Environmental Permits 17-7
Table 18-1:   Capital Costs 2025 to 2029 18-1
Table 18-2:   Unit Operating Costs 18-3
Table 18-3:   Annual Operating Costs 18-3
Table 19-1:   After-Tax Cash Flow Summary 19-5
Table 19-2:   Pre-Tax Sensitivity Analyses 19-7

 

Figures

 

Figure 3-1:   Location Map 3-2
Figure 3-2:   Site Location 3-3
Figure 3-3:   Mineral Concessions Map 3-5
Figure 4-1:   Seasonal Rainfall and Temperature Trends at San Andrés Mine 4-2
Figure 4-2:   Summary of Climatic Data for the San Andrés Mine (Monthly Averages) 4-3
Figure 6-1:   Regional Structural Setting of the Caribbean Plate 6-1
Figure 6-2:   District Geology 6-3
Figure 6-3:   Stratigraphic Column 6-4
Figure 6-4:   Property Geology – Lithology (Topography December 2024) 6-7
Figure 6-5:   Property Geology – Lithology Section 290900 East 6-8
Figure 6-6:   Property Geology – Alteration (Topography December 2024) 6-11
Figure 6-7:   Property Geology – Alteration Section 290900 East 6-12
Figure 6-8:   Property Geology – Mineralization (topography December 2024) 6-14
 vi

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Figure 6-9:   Property Geology – Mineralization Section 290900 East 6-15
Figure 7-1:   San Andrés Concessions 7-2
Figure 7-2:   Geochemical Sampling Locations on San Andrés Concessions I, II, III, IV, and V 7-3
Figure 7-3:   Geochemical Sampling Locations for Gold on San Andrés Concessions V, VII, and X 7-4
Figure 7-4:   Drill Hole Locations 7-6
Figure 7-5:   Core Recovery vs Gold Grade 7-9
Figure 8-1:   Schematic Flow Chart for Sample Collection and Surveying 8-4
Figure 8-2:   Density Sample Selection 8-9
Figure 8-3:   Sample Storage Facility 8-11
Figure 8-4:   San Andrés CRM Z-Score 8-17
Figure 8-5:   Control Chart of CRM G320-3 for Gold in LMI: 2023 8-18
Figure 8-6:   Control Chart of CRM G918-1 for Gold in LMI: 2023 - 2024 8-18
Figure 8-7:   Control Chart of CRM GG315-5 for Gold in LMI: 2021 - 2023 8-19
Figure 8-8:   Coarse Blank Samples in LMI 8-20
Figure 8-9:   Field Duplicate Data - RC 8-22
Figure 8-10:   Coarse Duplicate Data - RC 8-22
Figure 8-11:   Pulp Duplicate Data - DD 8-23
Figure 8-12:   Check Assay - Scatter Plot (2012 – 2013) 8-23
Figure 8-13:   Check Assay - Scatter Plot and QQ Plot (2024) 8-24
Figure 8-14:   Check Assay - Scatter Plot and QQ Plot (2024) – Au CN 8-24
Figure 9-1:   Drill Hole Comparison 9-3
Figure 9-2:   Drilling in Progress 9-4
Figure 10-1:   Esperanza Alto Gold Recovery versus Particle Size 10-3
Figure 10-2:   Banana Ridge Gold Recovery versus Particle Size 10-4
Figure 10-3:   Esperanza Bajo Gold Recovery versus Particle Size 10-5
Figure 10-4:   Falla A Gold Recovery versus Particle Size 10-7
Figure 10-5:   Composite Gold Recovery 10-8
Figure 10-6:   Gold Head Grade and Particle Size vs Recovery 10-11
Figure 10-7:   Particle Size versus Gold Recovery 10-12
Figure 11-1:   Depth Histogram 11-2
Figure 11-2:   Sample Length Cumulative Distribution Plot by Drill Hole Type 11-3
Figure 11-3:   Lithology, Level 1000 11-5
Figure 11-4:   Alteration, Level 1000 11-7
 vii

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Figure 11-5:   Oxidation Domains, Level 1000 11-9
Figure 11-6:   Grade Domains (Au > 0.15 g/t), Level 1000 11-11
Figure 11-7:   Structural Sub-Zone Domains, Level 1000 11-13
Figure 11-8:   Structural Map and Main Anisotropic Trends 11-14
Figure 11-9:   Grade Domain (Au > 0.15 g/t) 11-16
Figure 11-10:   Log Probability Plot Au g/t All Domains 11-17
Figure 11-11:   Global TopCut Analysis. Esperanza Alto Oxide. 11-18
Figure 11-12:   Box Plot Assays by Domain 11-19
Figure 11-13:   Cumulative Distribution Comparison between Drill Holes Raw Data vs Composite 11-22
Figure 11-14:   Grade x Thickness – Plan View 11-24
Figure 11-15:   Grade x Thickness (GT) – East-West Section 11-25
Figure 11-16:   Grade x Thickness – North-South Section 11-26
Figure 11-17:   Esperanza Alto Oxide Variogram 11-27
Figure 11-18:   Esperanza Bajo Oxide Variogram 11-28
Figure 11-19:   Variable Orientation. Dynamic Anisotropy (DA) 11-35
Figure 11-20:   Section North 1632550 Block Model and Drill holes 11-37
Figure 11-21:   Section North 1632550 Production Data and Drill holes 11-38
Figure 11-22:   Section East 291000 Block Model and Drill Holes 11-39
Figure 11-23:   Elevation Plan 1000 Block Model and Drill Holes 11-40
Figure 11-24:   Swath Plot Elevation: Drill Hole Grades, OK and NN Grade Estimation 11-42
Figure 11-25:   Swath Plot Easting: Drill Hole Grades, OK and NN Grade Estimation 11-43
Figure 11-26:   Swath Plot Northing: Drill Hole Grades, OK and NN Grade Estimation 11-43
Figure 11-27:   Grade and Tonnes Comparison between 2024 Resource Model vs. Blast Hole Block Model 11-44
Figure 11-28:   Contained Metal Comparison between 2024 Resource Model vs. Blast Hole Block Model 11-45
Figure 11-29:   Tonnes, Grade, and Contained Metal Comparison between 2024 Resource Model vs. Blast Hole Block Model 11-45
Figure 11-30:   Production BH vs. RC Hole Comparison - Histogram at 5 m Distances and Mean Comparison at Various Sample Separation Distances 11-46
Figure 11-31:   Production BH vs. RC Hole Comparison - QQ Plot and Cumulative Probability Plot 11-46
Figure 11-32:   Production BH vs. DD Hole Comparison - Histogram at 5 m Distances and Mean Comparison at Various Sample Separation Distances 11-47
Figure 11-33:   Production BH vs. DD Hole Comparison - QQ Plot and Cumulative Probability Plot 11-47
 viii

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Figure 11-34:   RC vs. DD Hole Comparison - Histogram at 5 m Distances and Mean Comparison at Various Sample Separation Distances 11-48
Figure 11-35:   RC vs. DD Hole Comparison - QQ Plot and Cumulative Probability Plot 11-48
Figure 11-36:   Estimated Recovered Gold Ounces vs Production Ounces 2010 to 2024 11-49
Figure 11-37:   Reconciliation Trend from 2010 to 2024 of Process Plant vs. Ore Mined (Tonnes, Gold Grade, and Ounces) 11-49
Figure 11-38:   Grade and Tonnage Comparison of the 2024 vs 2023 Block models (within Resource shell using the Original Topography) 11-51
Figure 11-39:   Grade and Tonnage Comparison for the 2024 vs 2023 Block model (within Resource shell using YE 2014 Topography) 11-52
Figure 11-40:   Mineral Resources Classification. Section 1632500 North 11-55
Figure 11-41:   Percentage of Contained Gold vs Drill Hole Spacing by Classification 11-56
Figure 11-42:   Mineral Resources with the Resource Pit 11-58
Figure 12-1:   Final Pit Design 12-4
Figure 13-1:   Pit Shell Optimization at Different Revenue Factors 13-18
Figure 13-2:   Annual Production 13-21
Figure 13-3:   Mining Phases and LOM Pit Configuration 13-22
Figure 13-4:   Pit Configuration EOY 2025 13-23
Figure 13-5:   Pit Configuration EOY 2026 13-24
Figure 13-6:   Pit Configuration EOY 2027 13-25
Figure 13-7:   Pit Configuration EOY 2028 13-26
Figure 13-8:   Pit Configuration EOY 2029 13-27
Figure 14-1:   Leach Solution Flow System 14-6
Figure 14-2:   Simplified Flow Diagram of ADR Plant 14-9
Figure 14-3:   Process Flowsheet 14-13
Figure 15-1:   Heap Leach Pad Remaining Capacity and Potential Expansion Areas 15-3
Figure 15-2:   Infrastructure Layout 15-6
Figure 17-1:   Minosa Lifetime Environmental Permit, Secondary Environmental Licenses and la Buffa Area 17-10
Figure 17-2:   Waste Rock Storage Facilities 17-12
Figure 19-1:   Pre-Tax Sensitivity Analysis 19-8
Figure 20-1:   Adjacent Properties 20-2
 ix

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

1.0Executive Summary

 

1.1Summary

 

SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. (SLR) was retained by Aura Minerals Inc. (Aura) to prepare an independent Technical Report Summary (TRS) on the San Andrés Mine (San Andrés or the Mine), located in the Department of Copán, Honduras. The purpose of this TRS is to disclose the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates on the San Andrés Mine as of December 31, 2024, and to support a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) by Aura. This TRS conforms to the SEC’s Modernized Property Disclosure Requirements for Mining Registrants, as outlined in Subpart 229.1300 of Regulation S-K (Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations, commonly referred to as S-K 1300) and Item 601(b)(96) Technical Report Summary. SLR qualified persons (QPs) visited the property from October 21 to 24, 2024.

 

Aura is a mid-tier gold and copper producer listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) under the symbol ORA, the Brazilian Stock Exchange (B3) as AURA33, and the OTC Markets (OTCQX) under ORAAF. Aura operates in Honduras, Brazil, and Mexico. Its exploration projects are located in Brazil, Guatemala, and Colombia.

 

The San Andrés Mine, located approximately 210 km southwest of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, is an open-pit, heap leach operation that has been in production since 1983. The Mine is wholly owned by Aura’s subsidiary, Minerales de Occidente, S.A. de C.V. (Minosa). The Mine has all the required infrastructure to support current operations and has actively managed its community engagements efforts.

 

This is the initial TRS for the San Andres Mine. Aura previously filed NI 43-101 Technical Reports in Canada, available on SEDAR with effective dates including December 31, 2013 (Aura 2014) and most recently March 31, 2025 (Aura 2025). This TRS documents the current Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates, life of mine (LOM) plan, economic analysis, and technical details. In 2024, the Mine produced 78,372 ounces of gold and 9,644 ounces of silver.

 

1.1.1Conclusions

 

The SLR QPs offer the following conclusions by area.

 

1.1.1.1Geology and Mineral Resources

 

·The SLR QP has reviewed data collection, sampling, sampling preparation, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), data verification, modeling, grade estimation methods, and classification definitions for the San Andrés Mine and has found no material issues.

 

·During the 2024 site visit, the SLR QP inspected the core storage facilities and confirmed they were well-maintained, appropriately managed, and in good condition.

 

·The geological models and gold resource estimations were completed using Leapfrog Edge.

 

·The Minosa Geological team updated the Mineral Resource estimate following standard industry practices. The updated estimate includes new 2023 and 2024 drilling with assays (309 drill holes with 23,721 m). The drill hole database contains 2,494 drill holes totalling 245,035 m.

 

 1-1

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

·The Mineral Resource estimation was developed in seven areas, or domains, using ordinary kriging (OK). The SLR QP validated the block grade estimates with visual inspection of cross sections and plan views, general statistics, swath plots, and reconciliation with production data to verify that the estimation results are unbiased and found no material issues.

 

·Resource classification of San Andrés was defined based on drill hole spacing (DHS) criteria and proximity with recent production areas. Classification criteria are supported by variography. The SLR QP considers the classification criteria appropriate.

 

·The definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Resources.

 

·Exclusive of Mineral Reserves, the San Andrés Mineral Resources are estimated to be 1.46 million tonnes (Mt) of Measured Mineral Resources at 0.34 Au g/t containing 16 thousand ounces (koz), 24.22 Mt of Indicated Mineral Resources at 0.40 Au g/t containing 310 koz, and 8.55 Mt of Inferred Mineral Resources at 0.45 g/t Au containing 123 koz, using a long term US$2,200 gold price reported at a cut-off grade of 0.187 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.291 g/t Au for mixed material. The effective date of the Mineral Resource estimate is December 31, 2024.

 

·The Mineral Resource estimate does not include any sulphide material.

 

·A comparison of production blast hole (BH) data and reverse circulation (RC) data suggests a potential 15% positive bias in gold grades. However, the review confirms the reliability of blast hole samples.

 

1.1.1.2Mining and Mineral Reserves

 

·The San Andrés Mine employs conventional open-pit mining methods executed by a mining contractor, with a strategic focus on selective ore extraction and waste management.

 

·The remaining mine life is 4.2 years, based on the current Mineral Reserves. This mine-life estimate reflects constraints imposed by deposit geometry, mining rates, and the transition to uneconomic low-grade sulphide mineralization at depth.

 

·As of December 31, 2024, the estimated Mineral Reserves total 30.66 Mt at an average grade of 0.44 g/t Au, containing 429,187 ounces (oz) of gold.

 

·Mineral Reserves were estimated using the Pseudoflow optimization methodology, incorporating detailed block models.

 

·The definitions for Mineral Reserves in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Reserves.

 

·A gold price of US$2,000/oz was used in estimating Mineral Reserves. The calculated cut-off grades were 0.214 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.334 g/t Au for mixed material. Appropriate modifying factors were applied, including 5% dilution based on historical reconciliation data and 95% mining recovery based on operational efficiency and geotechnical considerations.

 

·Historical data shows consistent performance in grade control and recovery, supported by reconciliation practices.

 

·The Mineral Reserves are constrained by pit geometry, taking into account geotechnical parameters, property boundaries, and the proximity of the river. At depth, Mineral Reserves are limited by the transition to sulphide mineralization, which is uneconomic under current processing methods due to 0% recovery.

 

 1-2

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

·The SLR QP is of the opinion that the Mineral Reserves have been estimated in accordance with S-K 1300 and adhere to industry standards.

 

1.1.1.3Mineral Processing

 

·The mined material in the ore deposit is subjected to metallurgical testing to determine what material is suitable for heap leach gold extraction, including ore characterization tests, mineralogy, fire and chemical assaying, bottle roll leach testing and column leach testing. The leach tests determine the optimum operating parameters to be used for metal extraction and recovery.

 

·Column leach testing was performed on samples taken from the pit during operation. Dispatch software was used to track the location from which the sample was taken during mining. The data could then be used to build a geometallurgical model.

 

·Two tests were performed for each sample, one at 80% passing (P80) 2” and the other at the specified P80 to determine the effect of particle size on extraction. The results indicate that gold extraction is affected by degree of oxidation, degree of silicification and particle size. The material requires crushing. Heap leaching is applicable for the oxide and some of the mixed oxide/sulphide material. The silicified and unoxidized sulphide materials will require alternate extraction methods including fine grinding and sulphide oxidation.

 

·The tested samples represent various levels of oxidation and silicification. The samples with high recoveries are oxidized, and the samples with low recoveries are unoxidized, (fresh), silicified, or both. Examples include:

 

oSample MT-24-0010 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as a quartz matrix with sulphide minerals. The material was crushed to P80 1.67 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery was 14.6%.

 

oSample MT-24-0011 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as mixed ore with oxidation in the veins and containing both oxidized and unoxidized sulphide minerals, primarily pyrite. The material was crushed to P80 1.67 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery was 86.9%.

 

oSample MT-24-0012 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as silicified material with sulphides. The material is crushed to P80 1.76 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery is 49.6%.

 

oSample MT-24-0013 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as fragmented quartz with strong silicification plus sulphide minerals. The material was crushed to P80 1.8 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery was 24.1%.

 

·The San Andrés Mine employs heap leaching for the recovery of gold from mined material. The processing facilities include two stages of crushing and screening, drum agglomeration, heap leach pads (HLPs), an adsorption, desorption, and refining (ADR) plant for recovering the gold from solution, and gold-silver doré casting.

 

·The Mine produces approximately seven million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) of run-of-mine (ROM) material using conventional drilling, blasting, loading and haul truck transportation. The material is mined and transported by haul truck to either the waste rock storage facilities (WRSFs) or to the primary crushers for processing. The LOM production plan includes 7.7 Mt of material placed during 2025, 7.3 Mt in each of 2026, 2027 and 2028, and 1.8 Mt in 2029, for a total of 31.5 Mt.

 

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·The mineralized material is directly dumped into the feed hoppers of two primary crushers operating in parallel. The primary crushed ore is conveyed to an intermediate stockpile. The ore is drawn from the stockpile with feeders and conveyed to secondary crushing. Lime and cement are added to the secondary crusher product on the conveyor feeding two drum agglomerators operating in parallel.

 

·Sodium cyanide solution is added to the agglomerated material on conveyor 8 following agglomeration. The agglomerated material is conveyed to the HLP where it is placed using conveyor stackers. The placed material is leached with cyanide solution for a period of 60 days. The cyanide leach solution is maintained at 400 ppm sodium cyanide (NaCN). Leach solution flows by gravity through the heaps and discharges into the Pregnant Leaching Solution (PLS) pond. PLS solution is pumped from the PLS pond to the ADR plant for gold and silver recovery.

 

·PLS flows through the Carbon-in-Column (CIC) adsorption system, which comprises activated carbon columns operating in series, organized in trains, and designed for the selective adsorption of gold and silver from the gold-bearing leach solution.

 

·The carbon columns are designed to process 10,000 m3/day in each train and the plant has a capacity to work with up to 6 trains, which can be exchanged between PLS and intermediate leach solution (ILS) trains, depending on the need of the operation.

 

·The loaded carbon is eluted with a solution of caustic soda and ethanol under controlled temperature and pressure. Gold is recovered from the rich gold eluate by electrowinning resulting in the deposition of metals, including gold, in stainless steel cathodes. The resulting gold mud is dried in a mercury retort and then melted into gold-silver doré for sale.

 

·Eluted carbon is reactivated by an acid wash with hydrochloric acid and then taken to a high temperature rotary kiln prior to recycling the carbon to the carbon columns for continued adsorption of gold.

 

1.1.1.4Infrastructure

 

·The San Andrés Mine has been in operation since 1983 and has developed the necessary infrastructure to support current and planned mining activities. Key components include power supply, water management systems, waste handling facilities, operational support buildings, and access roads.

 

·The Mine is connected to the Honduran national power grid, which supplies most of the site's energy needs. A diesel-powered backup generator system is maintained to ensure operational continuity during grid outages. The Platanares Geothermal Power Plant, located in La Unión, Copán, presents potential opportunities for future renewable energy integration.

 

·Process water is sourced from rainwater runoff collected in a surge pond and direct pumping from the Río Lara, which provides a reliable flow even during the driest months.

 

·Potable water is available at the site via a 72,000-gallon storage tank that is fed by a 17 km pipeline from the Río Lara. Additional purified water is sourced locally.

 

·WRSFs are designed with runoff control and erosion prevention measures.

 

·The HLP system has been expanded over time to accommodate increased processing demands. The most recent stability assessment by an independent third party was conducted in 2021. Additionally, an ongoing geotechnical study is being carried out by

 

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SRK Consulting (U.S.), Inc. (SRK) to evaluate long-term stability and potential future expansion.

 

·Monthly monitoring of parameters related to HLP is being done, and data reported in the September 2024 report indicate that the HLP structure is performing within design parameters (Minosa 2024a). Minosa has updated the HLP capacity estimate and determined that the currently available storage is lower than the total required for the Life of Mine (LOM). To address this, Minosa is advancing multiple expansion projects in collaboration with Kappes, Cassiday & Associates (KCA) for design and SRK for geotechnical evaluation. While the ongoing expansions are expected to provide sufficient capacity for the LOM plan, SLR has not reviewed the details of these projects and therefore does not provide an opinion on the final HLP capacity.

 

·Support facilities include warehouses, maintenance workshops, an assay laboratory, and administrative offices.

 

·On-site housing for essential personnel and contractors is available.

 

·The site is accessible via a combination of paved highways and gravel roads, ensuring year-round access for materials, equipment, and personnel.

 

·The Mine includes a helipad, primarily used for gold doré transport and available for personnel transfers or emergency medical evacuations when required.

 

·The Mine maintains radio, telephone, internet, and satellite television services, ensuring effective coordination across operational areas.

 

·The Mine’s infrastructure has been progressively maintained and adapted to meet operational requirements while ensuring compliance with environmental and regulatory standards.

 

1.1.1.5Environment

 

·Minosa has signed collaboration agreements with the communities within the direct area of interest (AOI). These collaboration agreements seek to provide financial support to direct AOI communities through social investments in areas related to education, health, housing, and employment.

 

·Minosa has started completing social transitioning/economic diversification, including the implementation of the Seeds of Hope Project and the partnership approach used by the San Andrés Foundation to fund initiatives as a mechanism to ensure the sustainability of these initiatives beyond the Mine's life.

 

·The Mine obtained the San Andres I mining concession, covering 355 hectares, in 1983 issued by Instituto Hondureño de Geologia y Minas (INHGEOMIN). Minosa understands that a lifetime environmental permit has been granted for the site covering the same area as the mining concession (355 ha), and that permit can be used to develop the Buffa Zone. SLR understands that Minosa requested that the environmental authority confirm this approach. The outcome/response from the environmental authority is unknown. In the meantime, Aura obtained in January 2025 authorization to cut the trees in the Buffa Zone through Resolution DE-PS-002-2025 issued by Instituto Nacional de Conservacion Forestal (ICF), which supports Aura’s understanding related to the area covered by the initial environmental permit.

 

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·Minosa submits periodic Environmental Control Measures Compliance Reports (Informe de Cumplimiento de Medidas Ambientales, or ICMA) to the environmental authority. The environmental authority rarely provides any comments/questions to Aura.

 

·Aura completed a Mine Closure Plan (MCP) and submitted it to the regulator for review and approval. The MCP has not yet been approved.

 

1.1.1.6Capital and Operating Costs

 

·Capital Costs:

 

oCapital expenditure for the San Andrés Mine primarily focuses on sustaining capital investments, including HLP expansions, equipment maintenance, and tailings management.

 

oPlanned expenditures for 2025 through 2028 include upgrades to processing facilities and ongoing infrastructure improvements to support operational efficiency.

 

oNo major greenfield or expansionary capital expenditures are expected, aligning with the remaining LOM.

 

·Operating Costs:

 

oThe Mine operates at an average total operating cost US$11.81/t processed.

 

oKey components of operating costs include:

 

·Mining: Diesel fuel, haulage, and explosives costs dominate mining expenses, with optimized fleet operations to reduce unit costs. The average LOM mining cost is US$2.44/t moved.

 

·Processing: Costs related to heap leach operations include reagents (e.g., cyanide, lime), power consumption, and water management. The average LOM processing costs is US$6.27/t processed.

 

·General and Administrative (G&A): Expenses include labor, security, and community engagement programs. The average LOM G&A cost is US$1.88/t processed.

 

·Cost Control Initiatives:

 

oThe transition to national grid power in year 2015 has reduced energy costs by approximately 31%, providing significant savings in operational expenses.

 

oOptimization of consumables (e.g., explosives and reagents) through long-term supplier contracts ensures cost stability.

 

oContinuous monitoring of mine-to-mill performance helps identify inefficiencies and implement corrective measures.

 

·Total site costs average US$1,247/oz gold produced, covering mining, processing, general and administrative (G&A) expenses, and sales costs.

 

oSustaining capital expenditures add US$132 per ounce, which is consistent with industry benchmarks for mature operations.

 

·The All-In Sustaining Cost (AISC) is estimated at US$1,380 per ounce produced.

 

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1.1.2Recommendations

 

The SLR QPs offer the following recommendations by area:

 

1.1.2.1Geology and Mineral Resources

 

1Complete further exploration testing of oxide and mixed (i.e., mixed oxide/sulphide material) mineralization to further optimize the boundary with the sulphides and test the extension of mineralization at depth.

 

2Continue the geological characterization for the different material types (i.e., oxide, mixed, and sulphide) and incorporate those characterizations in the geological interpretation.

 

3Maintain cyanide-soluble gold assays for blast hole sampling and plant metallurgical control, incorporating results into the resource model.

 

4Investigate process options for sulphide material to assess its potential inclusion in Mineral Resources.

 

5Advance drilling in the Buffa Zone to delimit the lateral and vertical extension.

 

6Continue the RC infill drilling to better evaluate gold grade representativity.

 

7Conduct detailed sampling and reconciliation studies to assess the potential 15% positive bias in BH data relative to RC data.

 

8Prioritize exploration in the San Andrés III and IV concessions, leveraging newly granted exploration rights to identify economically viable material.

 

1.1.2.2Mining and Mineral Reserves

 

1Conduct periodic updates to the Pseudoflow optimization models to account for changing economic parameters, including gold price fluctuations and operating costs.

 

2Refine cut-off grade calculations to ensure Mineral Reserve estimates remain aligned with the most current cost and recovery data.

 

3Implement advanced grade control measures, such as additional real-time sampling or enhanced ore-waste boundary delineation, to minimize dilution beyond the current 5%.

 

4Maintain or improve mining recovery rates by continuing to focus on operational efficiencies, such as precise excavation techniques and equipment optimization.

 

5Conduct ongoing geotechnical monitoring to evaluate pit wall stability, particularly as mining progresses into deeper areas with steeper slopes.

 

6Conduct additional geotechnical studies to evaluate opportunities to steepen pit slope angles to potentially include additional Mineral Reserves.

 

7Evaluate the potential for near-pit exploration drilling to convert Resources into Reserves and extend the mine life.

 

8Continue enhancing reconciliation processes to validate Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates against actual production data.

 

9Develop predictive models to identify deviations between planned and actual performance, ensuring future Mineral Reserve estimates are accurate and reliable.

 

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10Integrate environmental and community considerations into Mineral Reserve planning to align with Aura’s broader sustainability goals.

 

1.1.2.3Mineral Processing

 

1Continue column leach testing of ore samples during mining to build the geometallurgy database. The samples should be selected to represent the various zones and lithologies, degrees of oxidation, and degrees of silicification within the zones, as gold recovery is highly dependent on material characteristics.

 

1.1.2.4Infrastructure

 

The infrastructure at the Mine is adequate for current and planned mining activities, however, the following recommendations are made regarding the HLP:

 

1Review and validate the expansion of the HLP capacity in comparison to the options considered in the SRK 2021 analyses. A third-party validation of the remaining HLP capacity is recommended, considering the ongoing technical review by Kappes, Cassiday & Associates (KCA) and geotechnical assessment by SRK. Depending on the outcomes of these studies, assess whether additional permitting requirements may be necessary for further expansion. Based on Aura’s internal review, no permitting constraints are anticipated at this time.

 

2Update the 2021 HLP stability analysis to correspond to current and planned configurations, incorporating calibration based on monitoring data. The ongoing geotechnical assessment by SRK should be integrated into this update to ensure alignment with current operational and design parameters.

 

1.1.2.5Environment

 

1Review and update Minosa’s existing environmental operational procedures.

 

2Continue engaging with the environmental authority in regard to the discharge authorization for effluent discharge identified as Tuberia Descarga Poza 6 (TDP6). In addition, it is recommended that Minosa confirm the need for other discharge authorizations (to initiate the permitting process as required).

 

3Continue engaging with Secretariat of Energy, Natural Resources, Environment and Mines (MIAmbiente) and other environmental agencies to obtain clarification related to the Buffa Zone, to renew the applicable permits/licences, and to obtain approval of the Closure Plan.

 

4Review and standardize the ICMAs, highlighting the activities completed during the reported period. This will allow consistency for both Aura and the regulators and will prevent unnecessary risks to the operation.

 

5Tabulate and process water quality information to understand water quality trends and compliance with applicable regulations. The analysis will allow Minosa to use the existing water quality database and identify and manage any issues as they arise.

 

6As the Mine approaches its mine closure stage, continue developing and implementing the closure social transitioning activities, including communication and economic diversification. Communities in the AOI are currently highly dependent on the Mine's social investment, employment, and local contracting opportunities. The social transitioning activities require several years to plan, implement, and materialize.

 

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7Consider expanding Minosa’s engagement activities to include communities directly and through the Patronatos, Minosa’s elected representatives. More frequent exposure to communities could help avoid miscommunication and understand first-hand community issues and concerns.

 

8Review the Mine Closure Plan to ensure that a comprehensive review and supporting information (i.e. geochemistry and hydrogeology) are carried out by a third party with relevant experience in mine closure. This will allow Aura to determine the best cost-effective alternatives for closure.

 

1.1.2.6Capital and Operating Costs

 

1.Align sustaining capital investments with operational priorities, focusing on HLP expansion, equipment replacements, and essential infrastructure maintenance to support efficient mine closure and maximize remaining asset value.

 

2.Optimize operating costs through efficiency improvements in energy consumption, procurement, and contractor services, leveraging reduced power costs from the national grid and renegotiating key supply contracts.

 

3.Enhance cost tracking and financial planning by implementing real-time expenditure monitoring, conducting periodic cost benchmarking against peer operations, and updating sensitivity analyses for gold price scenarios to ensure economic resilience.

 

4.Ensure capital and operating expenditures remain proportional to the mine’s remaining life, avoiding overcapitalization while maintaining operational reliability and long-term value.

 

1.2Economic Analysis

 

The economic analysis contained in this TRS is based on the San Andrés Mine Mineral Reserves, economic assumptions, and capital and operating costs provided by the Aura technical team and reviewed by SLR. The analysis evaluates the Mine’s economic viability using a discounted cash flow (DCF) approach, based on the production schedule, operating costs, and revenue assumptions outlined in prior sections.

 

The results of the analysis demonstrate the profitability of the project and provide key metrics, including Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Sensitivity analyses are also included to evaluate the impact of variations in commodity prices, operating costs, and capital expenditures.

 

The following key assumptions underpin the economic analysis:

 

·Gold Price: The economic analysis incorporates annual consensus gold price forecasts (CIBC Analysts Consensus Commodity Price) for each year of the operational period (2025–2029):

 

·2025: US$2,668 per ounce

 

·2026: US$2,621 per ounce

 

·2027: US$2,490 per ounce

 

·2028: US$2,363 per ounce

 

·2029: US$2,212 per ounce

 

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The weighted average gold price during this period is approximately US$2,531 per ounce. Beyond 2029, a consensus long-term price of US$2,212 per ounce is assumed for strategic planning. Mineral Reserves were estimated using a conservative gold price of US$2,000 per ounce, and economic viability at this conservative scenario has been validated.

 

·Payable Metal: 99% of gold produced is assumed to be payable.

 

·Sales Tax: Sales taxes total 5% of the Net Smelter Return (NSR) revenues.

 

·Discount Rate: Economic metrics are calculated using discount rates of 5%, 8%, and 12%.

 

·Taxation: A 25% tax rate is applied to after-tax cash flow calculations.

 

·Life of Mine (LOM): The economic analysis covers approximately 4year period (2025-2029).

 

The analysis incorporates the following outputs:

 

·Pre-Tax Metrics: The cumulative pre-tax cash flow over the LOM is estimated at US$303.3 million.

 

·After-Tax Metrics: The cumulative after-tax cash flow is US$225.9 million.

 

·Net Present Value (NPV):

 

oNPV at 5% discount rate: US$203.5 million (after-tax).

 

oNPV at 8% discount rate: US$191.7 million (after-tax).

 

oNPV at 12% discount rate: US$125.5 million (after-tax).

 

The following subsections provide a detailed breakdown of the economic criteria, cash flow projections, and sensitivity analysis.

 

1.2.1Economic Criteria

 

1.2.1.1Revenue

 

The revenue projections for the San Andrés Mine are based on the forecasted production schedule and consensus market conditions. Key assumptions include:

 

·Gold Price: Annual consensus gold prices are forecasted for each year from 2025 to 2029, averaging US$2,531 per ounce over the LOM.

 

·Production Schedule:

 

oTotal gold forecasted to be recovered over the LOM: 291,847 ounces.

 

oAnnual gold production ranges from approximately 79,716 ounces in Year 3 (2027) to 55,288 ounces in Year 4 (2028). In Year 5 (2029), production totals 11,863 ounces, based on 82 days of operations during that year.

 

·Payable Metal: Assumed at 99% of the gold produced, adjusting gross revenue for transport and refining charges.

 

·Total gross revenue over the LOM is estimated at US$731.39 million.

 

·Net Smelter Return (NSR):

 

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oRefining and transport charges total approximately US$1.96 million).

 

oResulting NSR is US$729.43 million.

 

oA 5% NSR royalty (sales tax) totaling US$36.47 million is applied, leading to total net revenue of US$692.96 million.

 

·The unit NSR averages approximately US$22.61 per tonne milled, varying annually based on production grades and recovery rates.

 

1.2.1.2Costs

 

The cost structure for the San Andrés Mine includes capital, operating, and sustaining expenditures, categorized into mining, processing, and general and administrative (G&A) activities. These costs are derived from historical data and adjusted for future production schedules and market conditions.

 

·Mine Life: 4.2 years (2025–2029).

 

·Life of Mine (LOM) sustaining capital totals US$7.26 million.

 

·Mine closure and reclamation costs total US$31.4 million, influencing cash flow and AISC estimates, particularly as the mine approaches closure.

 

·Average operating cost over the LOM is estimated at US$11.81 per tonne milled:

 

oMining costs: US$2.44 per tonne moved

 

oProcessing costs: US$6.27 per tonne milled

 

oG&A costs: US$1.88 per tonne milled

 

·All-in Sustaining Cost (AISC) averages US$1,379 per ounce of gold over the LOM.

 

·LOM total site operating costs are estimated at US$364.0 million, inclusive of mining, processing, G&A, sales taxes, refining, and transport charges.

 

1.2.1.3Taxation and Royalties

 

The economic analysis incorporates the taxation and royalty obligations applicable to the San Andrés Mine, which significantly influence the Mine's financial metrics. Key considerations include:

 

·The property is subject to a 5% Net Smelter Return (NSR) sale tax on gold revenue, totaling approximately US$36.5 million over the LOM.

 

·Honduran corporate income taxes on operating margins total approximately US$77.3 million over the LOM, calculated at the statutory income tax rate of 25%.

 

SLR has reviewed and relied upon Aura’s calculation of taxes and royalties as applied in the cash flow model.

 

Total taxes and royalties combined total approximately US$113.7 million over the LOM.

 

1.2.2Cash Flow Analysis

 

SLR prepared a Life-of-Mine (LOM) unlevered after-tax cash flow model to confirm the economic viability of the San Andrés Mine for the period 2025–2029. The analysis applies a discounted cash flow (DCF) method considering LOM production, annual processing tonnages, gold grades, metallurgical recovery, consensus gold prices (CIBC Analysts Consensus

 

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Commodity Price), operating and sustaining capital costs, closure and reclamation costs, and Honduran taxes and royalties.

 

A base discount rate of 5% was assumed, aligning with Aura Minerals' corporate guidance. Given the current operating status of the San Andrés Mine, calculations of internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period are not applicable, as there are no substantial initial investments to recover.

 

To validate Mineral Reserves, the economic analysis demonstrates robust viability using both the consensus forecast gold prices averaging US$2,531/oz (2025–2029) and a conservative gold price of US$2,000/oz.

 

A summary of the results of the Mine’s Base Case cash flow analysis at Analysts Consensus Commodity prices for the LOM is presented in Table 1-1.

 

Table 1-1: After-Tax Cash Flow Summary

 

Description Units Value
Mine Life years 4.2
Production    
Ore Processed kt 30,655
Au Grade g/t 0.44
Contained Gold oz 429,187
Recovered Gold oz 291,847
Payable Gold oz 288,928
Average Annual Gold Sales koz/year 68.2
Market Price    
Average Gold Price (realized) US$/oz 2,531
     
Total Gross Revenue US$M 731.4
Total Operating Costs (incl. sales costs) US$M (364.0)
Operating Margin US$M 330.9
EBITDA US$M 330.9
Sustaining Capital US$M (7.3)
Closure and Reclamation Costs US$M (31.4)
Working Capital US$M 11.0
Total Capital Expenditures US$M (38.6)
Pre-Tax Cumulative Free Cash Flow US$M 303.3
After-Tax Cumulative Free Cash Flow US$M 226.0
Pre-tax NPV @ 5% US$M 272.9
After-tax NPV @ 5% US$M 203.5
Income Taxes (25%) US$M  (77.3)
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Description Units Value
Sales Tax (NSR Royalty, 5%) US$M (36.5)
Total Taxes (incl. sales tax) US$M (113.8)
All-In Sustaining Cost (AISC) US$/oz Au 1,380

 

Although Minosa has historically recovered silver as a byproduct of gold production, silver revenue is not considered in the pit optimization or the economic analysis presented in this report. The contribution of silver to total revenue is minimal, and it does not impact the estimation of Mineral Resources, Mineral Reserves, or cash flow projections.

 

1.2.3Sensitivity Analysis

 

Project risks can be identified in both economic and non-economic terms. Key economic risks were examined by running cash flow sensitivities:

 

·Gold price

 

·Head grade

 

·Recovery

 

·Operating costs

 

·Sustaining capital costs

 

Pre-tax NPV sensitivity over the base case has been calculated for variations.

 

The sensitivity analysis highlights that the gold price, recovery and head grade are the most influential factors affecting project economics, as even moderate changes significantly impact the NPV.

 

Variations in operating costs show a less influence but still strong correlation with project value, reinforcing the importance of maintaining cost efficiency and optimizing metallurgical performance. Sustaining Capital costs, while important, have a relatively lower impact on NPV compared to other variables.

 

This analysis highlights the importance of maintaining operational efficiency, ensuring metallurgical recoveries remain within expected ranges, and monitoring market conditions for potential gold price fluctuations.

 

1.3Technical Summary

 

1.3.1Property Description

 

The San Andrés Mine is located in the Department of Copán, within the Municipality of La Unión, Honduras. It is situated approximately 210 km southwest of San Pedro Sula, the second-largest city in Honduras, and 340 km west of Tegucigalpa, the capital city. The geographic coordinates of the property are 14.76° North latitude and 88.94° West longitude, based on the WGS84 datum.

 

The Mine is part of the western Interior Highlands topographical province, characterized by moderate relief and steep slopes. The elevation ranges from 750 metres above sea level (masl) to 1,300 masl, with the mine area predominantly covered by short grasses and open pine and oak forests.

 

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Average annual precipitation ranges between 1,300 and 1,500 mm (Aquagea 2020). Rainfall occurs during winter from May to November. The highest monthly rainfall recorded was 551 mm in August 1995. The 2-year, 10-year, and 100-year precipitation events were calculated to be 81 mm, 121 mm, and 216 mm respectively. April and May are typically the warmest months. Monthly temperatures range from 15°C in January to 25°C in May. Mean annual relative humidity is 82%. The San Andrés Mine can operate year-round. While occasional delays may occur during the wettest months, particularly due to heavy rainfall, these typically result in no more than a 6% reduction in productivity and do not materially impact overall operations.

 

The property is located within the Río Lara catchment basin, with key watercourses including Quebrada de San Miguel, Quebrada del Agua Caliente, and the Río Lara itself. These streams flow year-round and contribute to the hydrology of the region.

 

Access to the site is reliable year-round via paved highways and secondary gravel roads. The primary routes connect the Mine to nearby towns such as Santa Rosa de Copán, a regional hub, and San Pedro Sula, providing logistical support for supplies and personnel.

 

The Mine’s infrastructure includes power, water, communication systems, and processing facilities, supporting continuous operation. Community engagement programs and environmental management plans are integral to its operations, ensuring sustainable coexistence with the surrounding region.

 

1.3.2Land Tenure

 

Minosa holds three mineral concessions officially granted by INHGEOMIN (Instituto Hondureño de Geología y Minas): San Andrés I, San Andrés III, and San Andrés IV.

 

·San Andrés I is a mining concession originally granted for 30 years and renewed in 2021 through the administrative legal mechanism of Afirmativa Ficta, extending its validity until 2051. This Concession covers an area of 355 hectares.

 

San Andrés III (864 hectares) and San Andrés IV (994 hectares) are exploration concessions valid for 10 years, granted in 2020 and expiring in 2030, expanding the Property’s exploration potential by a total of 1,858 hectares. Upon Minosa’s notification to INHGEOMIN, exploitation activities can be initiated in these areas under applicable procedures.

 

·Minosa has submitted applications for new exploration concessions, totalling 2,900 additional hectares: San Andrés II (900 hectares), San Andrés V (1,000 hectares), and San Andrés X (1,000 hectares), which are currently under review by INHGEOMIN.

 

Surface rights over the concessions are secured through various mechanisms:

 

·Minosa holds 343 land parcels, grouped in six areas (Territories 1 to 6), acquired through public deeds, some registered in the Honduran Property Institute and others pending registration. Some lots are held under informal or community agreements, such as T6-MI-30, obtained via land swap with local residents. Others, like T5-MI-77, are located within the concession area and used for mining activities under applicable rights, despite not being formally titled.

 

·Minosa holds approximately 40% of the surface rights within the concession area.

 

·Agreements with local landowners and communities ensure access to land for mining and related activities.

 

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·Strategic surface rights acquisitions have facilitated the construction of key infrastructure, including access roads, and processing facilities.

 

Minosa’s legal rights include access, surface use, water use, and rights of way, as established in Article 53 of the Honduran Mining Law. These include:

 

·Use of state lands not under productive use.

 

·Establishment of easements on third-party lands or within other concession areas.

 

·Use of water resources (with municipal/state permissions).

 

·Recovery of minerals in water and processing byproducts.

 

·Conduct of operations directly or via third parties, with prior notification to authorities.

 

·Request for administrative inspections related to encroachment or safety risks.

 

·Confidentiality rights over technical and financial information submitted to authorities.

 

Minosa confirms that there are no legal disputes, judicial claims, or third-party agreements currently in place that could materially affect its land tenure or the operation of the San Andrés Mine. The project area is not inhabited by Indigenous or Afro-descendant peoples protected by international treaties, and no claims have been filed against the concession or related land parcels.

 

In areas overlapping with the community of Azacualpa, including parts of the urban center, Minosa must acquire land rights via negotiation or lease with private landowners. For forested areas, timber cutting permits must be obtained from the relevant environmental authority (Instituto Nacional de Conservación Forestal – ICF) in addition to the environmental license.

 

1.3.3History

 

The San Andrés Mine has a long history of gold production, transitioning from small-scale artisanal mining to a modern, mechanized operation over several decades.

 

·Early Artisanal Mining (1930s-1980s): Gold mining in the San Andrés area began in the 1930s through small-scale artisanal miners targeting oxide-rich mineralization using rudimentary methods.

 

·Modern Mining Commencement (1983): Formalized industrial mining began in 1983 with the granting of the original San Andrés I mining concession by INHGEOMIN. This initial 355 ha concession marked the start of modern, mechanized heap leach operations.

 

·Ownership and Development Milestones:

 

o1995: The Mine was acquired by Minosa (Minerales de Occidente S.A.), which implemented significant infrastructure and operational improvements.

 

o2009: Aura Minerals Inc. acquired the San Andrés Mine, integrating it into its portfolio of gold-producing assets. Aura has since invested in further modernization, resource exploration, and community engagement.

 

·Regulatory and Concession Developments:

 

o2002: Applications for four additional exploration concessions (San Andrés II, III, IV, and V) were submitted to expand the resource base.

 

o2020: INHGEOMIN granted San Andrés III and IV as exploration concessions, each valid for 10 years and expiring in 2030.

 

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o2021: The San Andrés I mining concession was officially renewed for 30 years, extending its validity to 2051, under the administrative mechanism of Afirmativa Ficta, in accordance with Honduran administrative law.

 

o2025: Minosa has submitted further concession applications for San Andrés II, V, and X, which are currently under review

 

The historical evolution of the San Andrés Mine highlights its strategic importance as a gold producing asset in Honduras and a cornerstone in Aura Minerals’ operational portfolio. Ongoing exploration, concession management, and stakeholder engagement ensure the continued sustainability and legacy of the operation.

 

1.3.4Geological Setting, Mineralization, and Deposit

 

The gold deposits at the Mine are hosted within Tertiary-aged felsic volcanic flows, tuffs and agglomerates, thick inter-bedded silica breccias, primarily containing volcanic fragments and tuffaceous sandstones. These volcanic units occur on the south (hanging wall side) of the San Andrés Fault. The fault strikes west-east and dips at 60° to 70° south and it marks the northern boundary of the Water Tank Hill and East Ledge pits. The fault forms the contact between the Permian phyllites (metasediments) to the north and the volcanic units on the south. Mineralisation within the phyllites is limited to the Buffa Zone where quartz carbonate veining is proximal to the San Andrés Fault. South of the Mine area, where there is no alteration, the volcanic and sedimentary rocks have a distinctive hematite brick red color; in the Mine area, they have been bleached to light buff yellow and grey colors due to alteration. The younger volcanic and sedimentary units typically have a shallow to moderate southerly dip and thicken to the south of the Mine area.

 

Structurally, the Mine area is transected by a series of sub-parallel, west to northeast-striking faults that are typically steeply dipping to the south and by numerous north and northwest-striking normal faults and extension fractures. The most prominent fault of the first set is the San Andrés Fault. The San Andrés Fault is parallel to, and coeval with, a major set of west to north-northeast trending strike-slip faults that form the Motagua Suture Zone, which is continuous with the Cayman Trough. The Motagua Suture Zone and the Cayman Trough result from the movement between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. The direction of movement along these strike-slip faults, including the San Andrés Fault, is left lateral.

 

The normal faults and extension fractures occur within the volcanic and sedimentary units on the south side of the San Andrés Fault. Average strike of these structures is N25°W; dip is 50° to 80° to the southwest and northeast, forming grabens where the strata are locally offset. These faults and fractures are generally filled with banded quartz and blade calcite and have formed focal points the alteration and mineralisation fluids within the Mine area. These extensional structures are distributed over a wide area, from the East Ledge open pit to Quebrada Del Agua Caliente, approximately 1,500 m to the east, and from the San Andrés Fault, for at least 1,200 m south and are coeval with the strike-slip faults.

 

There are abundant occurrences of hot springs throughout Honduras and hot springs occur within the immediate vicinity of the Mine. These geothermal systems are most likely caused by thin crust and high regional heat flow resulting from the rifting associated with the Suture Zone. The hot springs are neutral to alkaline in pH and range in temperature from 120°C to 225°C. The high-temperature springs are currently depositing silica sinter with cooling. Structurally, the hot springs are associated with the northwest-trending extensional faults and fractures. The San Andrés deposit is classified as an epithermal gold deposit associated with extension structures within tectonic rift settings. These deposits commonly contain gold and silver mineralization,

 

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which is associated with banded quartz veins. At the Mine, however, silver does not occur in significant economic quantities. Gold occurs in quartz veins predominantly comprised of colloform banded quartz (generally chalcedony with lesser amounts of fine comb quartz, adularia, dark carbonate, and sulphide material). The gold mineralization is deposited as a result of the cooling and interaction of hydrothermal fluids with groundwater and the host rocks. The hydrothermal fluids may have migrated some distance from the source; however, there is no clear evidence at the Mine that the fluids or portions of the fluids have been derived from magmatic intrusions.

 

The rocks hosting the San Andrés deposit have been oxidized near surface as a result of weathering. The zone of oxidation varies in depth from 10 m to more than 200 m, and in the main area is approximately 100 m. The zone of oxidation is generally thicker in the East Ledge deposit compared to the Twin Hills deposit. In the oxide zone, the pyrite has been altered to an iron oxide such as hematite, goethite, or jarosite. The oxide zone generally overlies a zone of partial oxidation, called the mixed zone, which consists of both oxidized and sulphide material. The mixed zone may not occur continuously, but where it is present, it reaches thicknesses that vary in depth from 0 m to over 100 m, averaging 50 m, below the zone of oxidation. The gold is commonly associated with sulphide minerals such as pyrite. The sulphide, or “fresh”, zone lies below the mixed zone. The gold contained in the oxide zone is amenable to extraction by heap leaching using a weak cyanide solution. The gold recovery is reduced in the mixed zone as a result of the presence of sulphide minerals, and the gold cannot currently be recovered economically from the sulphide zone by heap leaching.

 

1.3.5Exploration Status

 

Exploration Since Aura’s acquisition of Minosa on August 25, 2009, exploration activities at the San Andrés Mine have included property-scale geological mapping, road cut channel sampling, geochemical characterization, and geophysical surveys, all conducted by Minosa personnel. In 2010 and 2011, geological mapping and channel sampling were completed in adjacent areas, accompanied by a reverse circulation (RC) drilling program.

 

District-scale prospecting efforts focused on the San Andrés III and IV concessions, where detailed mapping, systematic sampling, and geochemical characterization were conducted. Initial results from this phase indicated strong potential for deeper mineralization. Exploration efforts in 2022 concentrated on reevaluating regional targets to refine the 2023 program. Geochemical sampling, including soil and rock analyses, was conducted in San Andrés IV during the first half of 2022. Additionally, an aeromagnetic survey covering approximately 4,435 hectares was carried out using drones. The survey identified key structural features interpreted as primary controls on mineralization, aiding in the definition of future exploration targets. No exploration activities outside the San Andrés property have been identified. Key findings are listed:

 

·San Andrés Concession II, no anomalies were detected due to a tuff cover.

 

·San Andrés Concession III, a geochemical anomaly was identified and is currently under further analysis.

 

·San Andrés V: Some anomalies were detected, necessitating additional sampling

 

·San Andrés X: Poor results led to the cessation of further exploration.

 

Since 2022, exploration activities have been focused on the San Andrés Mine. In 2022, RC drilling totaled 3,459 m across 34 holes and diamond drilling 2,507m in 19 drill holes, aimed at increasing confidence and filling structural gaps in the alteration models. In 2023 and ,

 

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exploration efforts targeted the continuity of historical high-grade sulphide mineralization. A total of 1,988 m was drilled in seven diamond drill holes at Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo, while 10,842 m were drilled across 163 RC drill holes in the main corridor. In 2024, exploration was focused on infill drilling in the main high-grade corridor of Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo, as well as refining the oxide-mixed-sulphide boundary. In 2024, a total of 3,143 m in 19 diamond drill holes and 12,224 m in 158 RC drill holes were drilled

 

1.3.6Mineral Resource Estimates

 

The Mineral Resource estimate was prepared by the Minosa team and supervised and accepted by SLR. Mineral Resources have been classified in accordance with the definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300. Mineral Resources are reported exclusive of Mineral Reserves.

 

The Mineral Resources are based on all available drill hole data as at September 18, 2024, and are reported below the estimated topography for EOY2024.

 

The Mineral Resources Sulphide material was excluded, and an Agua Caliente River exclusion zone (50 m) was applied.

 

The database and block models were supplied to SLR and included geological and block models as a Leapfrog Edge project that contains the main parameters and assumptions used to estimate Mineral Resources. SLR used Leapfrog Edge, Supervisor, and Vulcan software for statistical review, geostatistical analysis, block model visualisation, validation, and reporting.

 

The Minosa team supplied to SLR the previous resource block model, production block model, and reconciliation report, which SLR used in the validation process. Also, SLR generated an internal production block model for validation propose.

 

The San Andrés Mine Mineral Resources exclusive of Mineral Reserves are estimated to be 1.46 million tonnes (Mt) of Measured Mineral Resources at 0.34 g/t Au, 24.22 Mt of Indicated Mineral Resources at 0.40 g/t Au, and 8.55 Mt of Inferred Mineral Resources at 0.45 g/t Au, using a long term US$2,200 gold price reported at a cut-off grade of 0.187 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.291 g/t Au for mixed material. have an effective date of December 31, 2024. Table 1-2 summarizes the San Andrés Mine Mineral Resource estimate, exclusive of Mineral Reserves, as of December 31, 2024.

 

Table 1-2: Summary of Mineral Resource Estimate – December 31, 2024

 

Category Oxide Mixed Total
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Measured 1,070 0.27 9 387 0.54 7 1,457 0.34 16
Indicated 21,136 0.38 256 3,082 0.55 54 24,218 0.40 310
Measured + indicated 22,206 0.37 265 3,469 0.54 61 25,675 0.40 326
Inferred 6,921 0.42 94 1,629 0.56 29 8,550 0.45 123

Notes:

 

1.       

The definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Resources.

 

2.       

The Mineral Resource estimate is reported on a 100% ownership basis.

 

3.       

Mineral Resources are reported on a 100% basis, are contained within a pit shell, and are estimated in situ.

 

4.       

Mining dilution, mining losses, or process losses were not applied in estimating Mineral Resources.

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Category Oxide Mixed Total
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)

5.       

Mineral Resources are estimated at a cut-off grade of 0.187 g/t Au Oxide and 0.291 g/t Au Mix.

 

6.       

Metallurgical recovery is 70% for oxide material and 45% for mixed material.

 

7.       

Mineral Resources are estimated using a long-term gold price of US$2,200 per ounce.

 

8.       

A minimum mining width of 6 m was used.

 

9.       

Bulk density is estimated by lithology and averages 2.38 g/cm3.

 

10.       

Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves.

 

11.       

Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

 

12.       

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

 

The SLR QP is of the opinion that with consideration of the recommendations summarized in Sections 1 and 23 of this TRS, any issues relating to all relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction can be resolved with further work.

 

1.3.7Mineral Reserve Estimates

 

The Mineral Reserve estimates for the San Andrés Mine, as of December 31, 2024, were prepared using the Pseudoflow optimization methodology, and were prepared in accordance with S-K 1300.

 

The estimated Proven and Probable Reserves total 30.66 Mt at an average grade of 0.44 g/t Au, containing 429,187 ounces of gold, comprising:

 

·Proven Reserves of 8.7 Mt grading 0.36 g/t Au, containing 101,495 ounces of gold.

 

·Probable Reserves of 22.0 Mt grading 0.44 g/t Au, containing 327,692 ounces of gold.

 

Mineral Reserves are estimated using cut-off grades that are differentiated by material type. The cut-off grade for oxide material is 0.215 g/t Au and for mixed material is 0.334 g/t Au.

 

Modifying factors, including geotechnical, environmental, and economic considerations, were applied to support reserve classification.

 

The key parameters used in estimating Mineral Reserves are listed:

 

·Gold price: US$2,000/oz reflecting short-term market conditions and the remaining mine life of approximately four years.

 

·Metallurgical recovery: 70% and 45% for Oxides and Mixed materials, respectively. based on historical reconciliation data for heap leach processing.

 

·Dilution and Recovery: A dilution factor of 5% and mining recovery rate of 95% were applied, consistent with historical operational data and industry standards.

 

The Pseudoflow methodology integrates a detailed block model with operational and economic constraints to generate practical pit designs and production schedules. This approach ensures that reserve estimates are optimized for both economic viability and operational feasibility.

 

The Mineral Reserve estimate, effective as at December 31, 2024, is summarized in Table 1-3.

 

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Table 1-3: Summary of Mineral Reserve Estimate – December 31, 2024

 

Category Tonnage
(000 t)
Tonnage (000 t) Grade (g/t Au) Contained Metal
(oz Au)
Proven Oxide  8,206  0.36 93,977
Mixed  468  0.50 7,519
Total Proven -  8,674  0.36 101,495
Probable Oxide  20,696  0.46 305,410
Mixed  1,286  0.54 22,282
Total Probable -  21,981  0.46 327,692
Total Proven + Probable -  30,655  0.44 429,187

Notes:

 

1.       

The definitions for Mineral Reserves in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Reserves.

 

2.       

The effective date of the estimate is December 31, 2024.

 

3.       

The Mineral Reserve estimate is reported on a 100% ownership basis.

 

4.       

Mineral Reserves are estimated using an average long-term gold price of US$2,000 per ounce

 

5.       

Mineral Reserves are reported as Run-of-Mine (ROM) material, reflecting ore delivered directly to the processing facility prior to crushing or beneficiation, after applying dilution (5%), mining recovery (95%), and operational adjustments incorporated into the final pit design. These adjustments include considerations for minimum mining widths, ramp placements, and geotechnical constraints to ensure practical mineability. The applied cut-off grades are 0.215 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.334 g/t Au for mixed material.

 

6.       

The bulk density of ore is variable and applied in the geological block model; it averages 2.7 t/m³.

 

7.       

The metallurgical recovery is 70% and 45% for Oxides and Mixed materials, respectively.

 

8.       

The Mineral Reserve did not consider any sulphide material.

 

9.       

The average strip ratio is 0.45:1.

 

10.       

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

 

The SLR QP is not aware of any risk factors associated with, or changes to, any aspects of the modifying factors such as mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, permitting, or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate.

 

1.3.8Mining Methods

 

The San Andrés Mine utilizes conventional open-pit mining methods, including drilling, blasting, loading, and hauling. Selective mining is applied where practical to improve ore recovery and reduce dilution. Grade control practices are consistent with good industry standards, ensuring effective ore classification and minimizing material misallocation. The key aspects of the mining methods and operation are outlined below:

 

·Pit Design and Layout:

 

oThe current pit design consists of seven phases, sequenced to balance stripping requirements, ore accessibility, and haulage efficiency over the mine life.

 

oMining benches are designed at 6-meter heights, aligning with the capabilities of the selected equipment fleet and operational safety considerations. Bench geometry is optimized for efficient loading, grade control, and geotechnical stability.

 

·Equipment Fleet:

 

oThe mining fleet includes a combination of hydraulic excavators, front-end loaders, and rigid-frame haul trucks. It is fully contractor-owned and operated.

 

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oEquipment selection is optimized for material handling efficiency, with periodic fleet assessments and replacements to maintain availability rates.

 

·Material Handling:

 

oOre is hauled to one of two primary crushers, where it is reduced to a suitable size for heap leach processing.

 

oAfter crushing, the ore is transported to the HLP for gold extraction.

 

oWaste material is hauled to designated storage areas, including external waste dumps and in-pit backfill locations, depending on operational requirements.

 

oWaste rock storage facilities are designed with environmental considerations, including drainage control, slope stability measures, and erosion prevention supported by ongoing monitoring and management.

 

·Dilution and Recovery Management:

 

oA dilution factor of 5% is applied, based on historical reconciliation data and operational performance. This accounts for unintentional waste inclusion during mining.

 

oMining recovery is estimated at 96%, considering ore losses due to operational constrains, geotechnical stability requirements, and selectivity limitation.

 

·Operational Challenges and Mitigation:

 

oSteep pit slopes and geotechnical stability are managed through continuous monitoring, slope stability analysis, and targeted reinforcement measures such as bench scaling and drainage control.

 

oSeasonal rainfall during the wet season (May to November) can impact mining operations; however, water management systems, including surface drainage channels, sumps, and pumping infrastructure, are in place minimize disruptions.

 

·Production Rates:

 

oThe operation targets an annual ore production rate of approximately 7.3 to 7.8 million tonnes of run-of-mine (ROM) ore from 2025 to 2028, with a decrease to 1.6 million tonnes in 2029, as the mine approaches closure.

 

oTotal material movement (ore + waste) ranges between 9.0 and 12.9 million tonnes per year, depending on stripping requirements and phase sequencing.

 

oGold grades vary between 0.37 and 0.50 g/t Au, with an expected in-situ gold content of 81 to 117 koz annually during the primary production years.

 

oEstimated gold production, based on a 68% recovery rate (weighted average), is projected at approximately 55 koz to 79 koz per year from 2025 to 2028, declining to 12 koz in 2029.

 

1.3.9Processing and Recovery Methods

 

The San Andrés Mine employs heap leaching for the recovery of gold from mined material. The processing facilities include two stages of crushing and screening, drum agglomeration, HLPs, an ADR plant for recovering the gold from solution, and gold-silver doré casting.

 

The Mine produces approximately 7 Mtpa of ROM material using conventional drilling, blasting, loading and haul truck transportation. The LOM production plan includes 7.6 Mt of material

 

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placed during 2025, 7.3 Mt in 2026, 2027 and 2028 and 1.6 Mt in 2029 for a total of 30.7 Mt. The material is mined and transported by haul truck to either the WRSFs or to the primary crushers for processing. The ore is direct dumped into the feed hoppers of two primary crushers operating in parallel. The primary crushed ore is conveyed to an intermediate stockpile. The ore is drawn from the stockpile from three draw points beneath the pile with feeders which discharge onto a conveyor that delivers the ore to secondary crushing. Lime and cement are added to the secondary crushed product on the conveyor and the material is conveyed to two drum agglomerators operating in parallel. Pre-cyanidation is practiced, dosing sodium cyanide on conveyor 8 after the agglomeration drums. The agglomerated material is conveyed to the HLP where it is placed using conveyor stackers. The placed material is leached with cyanide solution for a period of 60 days during which time, cyanide-soluble gold is dissolved into solution. After the first leach cycle the leached panel of material is allowed to rest and the entrained solution drains out of the material. After draining, a new lift of material will be stacked over the leached material and the process will be repeated.

 

The activated carbon in columns method (CIC) is used to recover the gold and silver from solution. Gold and silver are adsorbed onto the carbon until the carbon is loaded to capacity. The loaded carbon is transferred to the adsorption, desorption, regeneration (ADR) plant where the gold and silver are eluted from the carbon with a solution of caustic soda and alcohol under conditions of high temperature and pressure. The eluate is then passed through electrowinning circuits, and the gold and silver are recovered in the stainless steel mesh cathodes and precipitated sludge in the cells. The precious metal sludge is recovered from the cells, dried and retorted for mercury removal and recovery and smelted in a furnace to produce doré metal ingots for sale.

 

The eluted or stripped carbon is then regenerated in a high temperature kiln and returned to the carbon adsorption column circuit to adsorb more gold.

 

1.3.10Infrastructure

 

The Mine currently has infrastructure to supports its current operations and the LOM plan. Infrastructure includes water supply systems; energy supply via connection to the Honduran national power grid; on-site access roads; camp facility with capacity for 45 persons for contractors or visiting personnel; communications network including optical fiber, radio, and cellular services; and on-site warehousing, maintenance buildings and offices.

 

1.3.11Market Studies

 

The primary commodity produced at the San Andrés Mine is gold, which is freely traded on global markets. Aura does not have specific sales contracts and foresees no material concerns regarding marketability. Gold doré produced at the mine is refined and sold primarily through global precious metal markets, characterized by transparency, liquidity, and benchmarking against the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) gold price.

 

The economic analysis presented in this report incorporates gold price forecasts from the CIBC Analysts Consensus Commodity Price, specifically:

 

·2025: US$2,668 per ounce

 

·2026: US$2,621 per ounce

 

·2027: US$2,490 per ounce

 

·2028: US$2,363 per ounce

 

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·2029+: US$2,212 per ounce

 

For strategic planning purposes beyond 2029, a long-term consensus price of US$2,212 per ounce is assumed.

 

Mineral Reserves were initially estimated using a conservative gold price of US$2,000 per ounce, with economic viability confirmed at this lower price.

 

Key market outlook highlights include:

 

Analysts forecast sustained strong demand for gold, supported by macroeconomic uncertainty, inflation concerns, geopolitical risks, and consistent central bank purchasing.

 

Stable-to-positive gold price forecasts are bolstered by limited anticipated growth in global gold production.

 

The San Andrés Mine is well-positioned to benefit from favorable projected market conditions. Aura Minerals maintains no long-term off-take agreements, allowing the Mine full flexibility to capitalize on advantageous spot market conditions

 

The Mine has established agreements with contractors and suppliers to support its operational needs. These include:

 

·Mining Services: Provided by a Honduras-based contractor, awarded through a competitive tender process.

 

·Explosives and Reagents: Long-term contracts ensure the reliable supply of key inputs such as cyanide, lime, and cement.

 

·Energy: The connection to the national power grid has significantly reduced power costs, improving the mine’s cost structure.

 

1.3.12Environmental, Permitting and Social Considerations

 

SLR based its review on a desktop review and a site visit, including interviews with key environmental, social, and mining staff from Minosa.

 

Baseline Environmental Studies

 

The environmental impact assessment (EIA) (SRK 1998)  provides a detailed description of the baseline environment. It should however be noted that exploration and mining in the area and at site occurred from the 1930s through 1976, and the property was acquired by Minerales de Copán in 1983.

 

Acid base accounting (ABA) and metal leaching tests were conducted on ore, including spent ore, and waste rock samples. Results showed that there is limited potential for acid generation from ore samples, and that drainage from spent ore could contain low concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, and calcium.

 

There are no protected areas in the vicinity of the site. The closest protected areas are Protected Area Erapuca (wildlife refuge), located 8.5 km to the southwest of Minosa site, and National Park Montana de Celaque, located 27 km southeast of the Minosa Site.

 

Permitting

 

The Mine obtained the mining concession for San Andres I (355 ha) in 1983 issued by Instituto Hondureño de Geologia y Minas (INHGEOMIN). The Mine's first environmental impact assessment (EIA) was completed in 1998. An initial environmental permit was issued in 2001

 

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for the total project area (355 ha polygon). In addition, Aura has obtained secondary environmental licences (most of them, Operational Environmental Licences) for various/small polygons within the original permitted polygon.

 

Aura understands that this initial environmental permit (issued for the 355 ha polygon) is considered to be the overall lifetime environmental licence for the site (Aguilar Castillo Love 2024), and covers both the secondary environmental licences and the Buffa Zone. Aura submitted a request to the environmental authority to confirm if that is the case. SLR understands that Aura is still waiting for the outcome of this administrative process. In the meantime, Aura obtained recently (January 2025) the permit to cut the trees in the Buffa Zone, supporting Aura’s understanding related to the environmental lifetime licence. Furthermore, Aura's legal counsel indicates that in Honduras there is a positive administrative silence for environmental matters (as per the Administrative Procedure Law – Decree 152-87). This means that if the environmental authority does not approve/deny the request for the renewal of an environmental permit within the legal timeframe established as per the regulation, the principle of positive administrative silence applies, and the public administration is obliged to recognize the favourable legal effects of the submitted application.

 

For exploration, Aura has mining and environmental permits for the areas identified as San Andrés III and San Andrés IV. Furthermore, Aura understands that exploration for San Andres I (covering the 355 ha polygon) is also allowed. Minosa has five wastewater discharges to the environment. The Mine has requested the wastewater discharge registration for one of them, identified as effluent discharge TDP6 (effluent from the HLP area) in March 2022. On September 15, 2022, Minosa and the National Environmental Impact Assessment Evaluation System (SINEIA, integrated by Centro de Estudios y Control de Contaminantes, CESCCO, INHGEOMIN and Minosa) signed the updated Provisional Protocol for Wastewater Discharge for this effluent discharge. Minosa understands based on the discussion with the regulators that this Protocol is the discharge authorization for this effluent discharge.

 

It appears that Minosa does not have enough capacity in the HLP area to manage the LOM projected material (Section 15.1). Therefore, additional permitting planning should be required.

 

Mitigation measures were specified by the Secretariat of Natural Resources and Environment (now MiAmbiente) to manage environmental impacts when approving the various secondary environmental licences. In addition, Aura has several environmental operating procedures in place.

 

Social Aspects

 

The area of influence (AOI) or surrounding communities that may interact with the Mine and its facilities include Azacualpa, San Andrés, San Miguel, Platanares, Ceibita, and El Equin located within or near the mining concession. Labour is sourced locally from the surrounding communities. Educational, medical, recreational, and shopping facilities are available in the Mine area. Management and specialized staff are sourced locally or internationally as required and available. Minosa engagement activities focus on providing these communities benefits through employment, local procurement, and social investment programs. These communities are mainly agricultural communities dedicated to coffee planting. Income is mainly from farming and mine-related activities (i.e., temporary and permanent employment and local procurement).

 

A municipal cemetery used by the communities was located adjacent to the existing pit. Due to geotechnical stability concerns and the strategic position of the cemetery for the Mine, an agreement with the communities in 2012 allowed for the relocation of this cemetery. Minosa signed agreements with communities to relocate the cemetery in 2015. A few families opposed

 

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the relocation of their ancestors’ remains, which concluded with a Judicial Resolution ordering Minosa to complete the relocation. Minosa compensated all the affected families and fulfilled all the obligations per the agreements signed, and the relocation of the cemetery was completed in 2021. As part of the compensation process, Aura provided some houses/lots to these affected families in a new area called Nueva Azacualpa located around five kilometres to the southeast of the site.

 

Minosa has signed collaboration agreements with the direct AOI communities. It executed agreements with Azacualpa (2012), San Andrés (2012), and San Miguel (2021). These collaboration agreements seek to provide financial support to direct AOI communities through social investments in areas related to education, health, housing, and employment.

 

Managing high expectations from surrounding communities is one of the key social risks for Minosa. Communities have expressed concerns about pollution, noise, changes in land use, biodiversity loss and social conflicts, including blockades (Aura 2023a). SLR understands that to manage these risks, the Project has established dialogue tables with representatives from the central government, municipalities, local government, local companies, and Minosa to discuss topics related to the management of environmental impacts. Minosa also meets biweekly with the representatives of the AOI’s communities to monitor Mine-related effects and commitment implementation (Aura 2022).

 

Aura achieved the Socially Responsible Company Seal from the Honduran Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility, awarded to companies that achieve a minimum score of 80% in the analysis of seven environmental and social governance (ESG) topics (i.e., governance, human rights, labour practices, fair operational practices, environment, consumer-related issues, and active community participation).

 

SLR understands that no Indigenous Peoples are identified within the AOI of Minosa (Aura 2023).

 

Mine Waste, Water Management and Monitoring

 

Waste rock material is used for backfilling at Twin Hills pit or is deposited in the Twin Hills North Waste Rock Pile/Cerro Cortes Waste Rock Pile. The waste rock storage facilities (WRSF) do not show significant movements (TerrasarX radar), there are no relevant observations related to topographic monitoring (prisms), and the inclinometers were reported as damaged (Aura 2024a).

 

The Mine completes environmental site monitoring regularly. As part of the monitoring, water quality, air quality monitoring, noise monitoring, and terrestrial ecology monitoring are completed.

 

Minosa has undertaken a review of the water management system for the HLP, mostly focused on the capacity of the six ponds. The main findings of a draft report (SRK, 2024) indicated that i). operational practices should be amended to always maintain the design freeboard, ii). the current system has insufficient capacity to store the runoff resulting from the 1 in 100 years, 24-hour duration rainfall storm event, iii). the minimum pond volume recommended to replace Pond 5 is 400,000 m3, iv). approximately 20% to 30% of the HLP surface area cannot be expanded, and therefore, it is recommended that progressive closure of that area be initiated to reduce the volume of excess water to be treated and discharged, and v). installation of raincoats to reduced volume of water is recommended. SLR understands that this report is ongoing, and the final conclusions, and associated action plan are still to be determined.

 

A hydrologic assessment conducted by an external consultant in 2020 (Aquagea Consultores 2020) proposed the development and implementation of a water management plan for

 

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integrated management of surface runoff. Based on the review completed, Aura has established an ongoing action plan, and constructed to date 10,500 metres of channels, 30 culverts, and a lining of  3,300 m of channels.

 

Surface water quality and groundwater quality monitoring is undertaken. It appears there are 18 surface water quality monitoring locations at sedimentation ponds, natural watercourses and points established for monitoring of acid rock drainage. The procedure lists a total of 33 groundwater quality monitoring locations encompassing piezometers and French drain outlets from WRSFs. According to ICMA reports prepared by Aura, exceedances have been identified from time to time through the water quality monitoring program. SLR is not aware of any non-compliance expressed by the environmental authorities regarding water quality.

 

Closure

 

Aura has a 2024 Closure Plan compiled by Consultoría e Ingeniería Félix (CIFE) which was submitted to the regulator but has not yet been approved. Progressive closure is incorporated into the mine plan, with two years of active closure after mining and processing cessation and three years of post-closure monitoring planned. The Closure Plan states that it includes direct and indirect costs for physical closure and the treatment, monitoring and maintenance of water, as established by the regulatory authorities and in accordance with the Mine Closure Regulations. The amount was calculated to be $31,371,695. The SLR QP makes no conclusions as to the adequacy of the closure cost estimate.

 

There are currently requirements under Honduras legislation for closure financial provisions (General Mining Law, Section 30, and Closure Planning Regulation, section 44-45). However, it is SLR's understanding that the closure financial provision has to be established once the closure plan is approved, which has not happened.

 

1.3.13Capital and Operating Cost Estimates

 

All costs are expressed in Q3 2024 US dollars and are based on an exchange rate of HNL$ 25.5 (Honduran Lempira) per US$1.00.

 

The capital costs required to achieve the San Andrés Mineral Reserve LOM production were estimated by Aura and reviewed by the SLR QP to ensure alignment with the remaining life-of-mine (LOM) plan and operational strategy.

 

The capital cost estimate for the LOM period (2024-2029) includes sustaining capital required to maintain production and infrastructure (totalling approximately US$7.3 million) and development capital associated with potential future expansion or future resource conversion (approximately US$15.3 million), which is excluded from the financial analysis.

 

The Mine’s all-in sustaining cost (AISC) is estimated at US$1,272 per ounce of gold, with annual variations based on production levels and sustaining capital requirements.

 

·Capital Costs

 

oGiven the short remaining mine life of 4.2 years, no significant development projects are planned.

 

oAll capital investments are focused on maximizing near-term operational efficiency and meeting regulatory requirements.

 

oPrimary investments focus on maintaining infrastructure, including HLP expansions, equipment maintenance, and tailings management improvements.

 

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oPlanned sustaining capital expenditures for 2025 include upgrades to processing facilities and heap leach operations to ensure continuous ore processing.

 

Operating Costs were also estimated by Aura based on historical mine performance, current contractor agreements, and projected cost trends. The SLR QP reviewed the estimates for reasonableness and consistency with industry benchmarks.

 

·Operating Costs

 

oCost Structure:

 

·The total operating costs average $11.82/tonne processed, with key components including:

 

oMining Costs: Fuel, haulage, drilling, and blasting represent the majority of mining expenses.

 

oProcessing Costs: Heap leach operations incur costs for reagents (e.g., cyanide, lime), water management, and power.

 

oGeneral and Administrative Costs (G&A): Labor, security, and site services.

 

oImpact of Grid Power: The connection to the national power grid has reduced energy costs by approximately 31%, contributing significantly to operational cost savings.

 

oThe total operating costs average US$1,247 per ounce of gold produced (include sales costs).

 

oSensitivity analyses demonstrate economic resilience even under lower gold price scenarios, supporting positive project economics.

 

oCost Control and Optimization

 

·Long-term supply agreements for explosives, reagents, and other consumables ensure cost stability and reliable supply.

 

·Continuous improvement initiatives include fleet optimization, energy efficiency programs, and enhanced grade control to reduce unit costs.

 

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2.0Introduction

 

SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. (SLR) has been retained by Aura Minerals Inc. (Aura) to prepare this independent Technical Report Summary (TRS) for the San Andrés Mine (San Andrés or the Mine), located in the Department of Copán, Honduras. The purpose of this TRS is to disclose the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates for the San Andrés Mine as of December 31, 2024, and to a support a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) by Aura. This TRS conforms to the SEC’s Modernized Property Disclosure Requirements for Mining Registrants, as outlined in Subpart 229.1300 of Regulation S-K (Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations, commonly referred to as S-K 1300) and Item 601(b)(96) Technical Report Summary.

 

Aura Minerals Inc. is a publicly listed company on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and operates as a diversified gold producer in South and Central America.

 

The San Andrés Mine, located approximately 210 km southwest of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, is an open-pit, heap leach operation that has been in production since 1983. The Mine is 100% owned by Aura’s subsidiary, Minerales de Occidente, S.A. de C.V. (Minosa). The Mine has all the required infrastructure to support current operations and has actively managed its community engagement efforts. In 2024, the Mine produced 78,372 ounces of gold and 9,644 ounces of silver.

 

This TRS documents the current Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates for the San Andrés Mine as of December 31, 2024, including economic analyses to support the Mineral Reserve estimates. The economic analysis contained herein is based on Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves and associated modifying factors. This TRS updates the NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared by Aura filed on SEDAR, which had an effective date of December 31, 2013, referred to as the 2014 Technical Report (Aura 2014).

 

This TRS has been prepared by SLR qualified persons (QPs) using data provided by Aura, historical technical reports, and independent assessments conducted by SLR. The primary data sources include:

 

·2014 Technical Report (Aura 2014)

 

·Operational data and mine plans provided by the Minosa team as of December 2024

 

·Updated geotechnical, hydrogeological, and environmental reports

 

·Economic analysis, including gold price assumptions and operating cost updates

 

·Regulatory compliance records and environmental monitoring data, including permits, environmental and social management plans, and closure plan documentation

 

Key references are cited throughout this report, and all significant information has been validated during the preparation process.

 

This is the initial TRS for the San Andres Mine. Aura previously filed NI 43-101 Technical Reports in Canada, available on SEDAR with effective dates including December 31, 2013 (Aura 2014) and most recently March 31, 2025 (Aura 2025).

 

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2.1Site Visits

 

SLR QPs visited the Mine from October 21 to 24, 2024. The purpose of the visit was to validate the data, observe mining operations, and assess the current state of the Mine to ensure the accuracy of this TRS.

 

·SLR’s geology Qualified Person (QP) toured operational areas, project offices, process plant and mine laboratory; inspected various parts of the property geology and drilling sites to check coordinates; inspected the core handling facility; reviewed the sampling procedures; and interviewed key personnel involved in the collection, interpretation, and processing of geological data and preparation of the Mineral Resource estimates. Additionally, the QP checked the logs of seven drill holes and visually verified that assays from the database are consistent with the metal content in the same intervals.

 

·SLR’s mining QP reviewed mining operations, equipment utilization, and open-pit layouts. The QP also observed drilling, blasting, loading, and hauling activities in active pits and reviewed crushing, heap leaching, and recovery processes. The QP also verified slope stability measures and other operational safety protocols.

 

·SLR’s environmental and social issues specialist assessed environmental compliance, social programs, and community interactions and inspected waste management practices and water treatment facilities.

 

The findings from this visit have been incorporated into the report to ensure that it reflects the current operational and environmental conditions of the San Andrés Mine.

 

2.2Sources of Information

 

During the preparation of this TRS, discussions were held with personnel from Aura and Minosa:

 

·Farshid Ghazanfari, Director of Geology and Resources, Aura

 

·Leonardo Cesio Sousa, Technical Services Superintendent, Minosa

 

·Juan Felipe Carvajal Murillo, Mine Planning, Minosa

 

·Luis Fernando Herrera Pinedo, Resources geologist, Minosa

 

·Gleidson D. Santos, Database Manager, Aura

 

·Elvis Sanchez, Environmental Superintendent, Minosa

 

·Fabiola Pereira, Legal Superintendent, Minosa

 

·Glendy Petersen, Geomechanical Superintendent, Minosa

 

·Enoc Eliezer Alvarez, Projects Technician, Social Team, Minosa

 

·Pamela Alejandra Sarnimiento Pineda, Community Relations Manager, Minosa

 

·Samuel Trindade Viana, Process Superintendent, Minosa

 

·Oscar Cruz Bueso, Performance Superintendent, Minosa

 

·Andres Luis Martinez Ferreira, Geologists and Exploration Superintendent, Minosa

 

·Francisco de Assis do Carmo, Operations Director, Minosa

 

·Tiago Vitali Pignaton, Process Manager, Minosa

 

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·Edwin Gutierrez, Processes Supervisor , Minosa

 

The Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserve estimates, operating costs, sustaining capital expenditures, mine plan, and assessments of environmental and social developments presented herein remain unchanged from the most recent NI 43-101 Technical Report (Aura 2025).

 

The primary updates incorporated into this TRS, relative to the previous NI 43-101, is the integration of updated economic assumptions, specifically consensus metal price forecasts (CIBC Analysts Consensus Commodity Price).

 

The documentation reviewed, and other sources of information, are listed at the end of this TRS in Section 24.0 References.

 

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2.3List of Abbreviations

 

Units of measurement used in this TRS conform to the metric system. All currency in this TRS is US dollars (US$) unless otherwise noted.

 

m micron kPa kilopascal
mg microgram kVA kilovolt-amperes
a annum kW kilowatt
A ampere kWh kilowatt-hour
bbl barrels L litre
Btu British thermal units lb pound
°C degree Celsius L/s litres per second
C$ Canadian dollars m metre
cal calorie M mega (million); molar
cfm cubic feet per minute m2 square metre
cm centimetre m3 cubic metre
cm2 square centimetre masl metres above sea level
d day m3/h cubic metres per hour
dia diameter mi mile
dmt dry metric tonne min minute
dwt dead-weight ton mm micrometre
°F degree Fahrenheit mm millimetre
ft foot mph miles per hour
ft2 square foot MVA megavolt-amperes
ft3 cubic foot MW megawatt
ft/s foot per second MWh megawatt-hour
g gram oz Troy ounce (31.1035g)
G giga (billion) oz/st, opt ounce per short ton
gal US liquid gallon ppb part per billion
g/L gram per litre ppm part per million
gpm US liquid gallons per minute psia pound per square inch absolute
g/t gram per tonne psig pound per square inch gauge
gr/ft3 grain per cubic foot RL relative elevation
gr/m3 grain per cubic metre s second
ha hectare st short ton
hp horsepower stpa short ton per year
hr hour stpd short ton per day
Hz hertz t metric tonne
in. inch tpa metric tonne per year
in2 square inch tpd metric tonne per day
J joule US$ United States dollar
k kilo (thousand) V volt
kcal kilocalorie W watt
kg kilogram wmt wet metric tonne
km kilometre wt% weight percent
km2 square kilometre yd3 cubic yard
km/h kilometre per hour yr year
       
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3.0Property Description

 

The Mine is located in the Department of Copán in the interior highlands of western Honduras, approximately 210 km southwest of the city of San Pedro Sula within the Municipality of La Unión (Figure 3-1). The property is centered on latitude 14.76° North (UTM 1,632,640 m North) and longitude 88.94° West (UTM 291,085 m East).

 

3.1Location

 

The San Andrés Mine is located in the interior highlands of western Honduras, within the Department of Copán and the Municipality of La Unión. The mine site is situated approximately 210 km southwest of San Pedro Sula and 340 km west of Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras. The geographic coordinates of the Project are approximately 14.76° North latitude and 88.94° West longitude, placing it in a region of moderate elevation and accessible terrain (WGS84 datum). Figure 3-1 shows the location of the Mine.

 

The Mine is located near several communities, which provide labor, services, and infrastructure support to the operation:

 

·Santa Rosa de Copán: With a population exceeding 40,000 people, Santa Rosa is the largest town in the region and the administrative and commercial center of the Department of Copán. The town offers healthcare, education, lodging, and logistics services, supporting the needs of both mine personnel and contractors.

 

·La Unión: The Municipality of La Unión is located closer to the mine and serves as the local administrative center, with smaller populations in villages such as San Andrés, San Miguel, Platanares, and Azacualpa. These communities are located within and proximal to the mining concession, as illustrated in the site layout map in Figure 3-2, and are part of ongoing social engagement programs.

 

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Figure 3-1: Location Map

 

 

 

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Figure 3-2: Site Location

 

 

 

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3.2Land Tenure

 

The San Andrés Mine property and associated mineral rights are held by Minosa, a wholly owned subsidiary of Aura. Minosa maintains the necessary mineral exploitation and exploration concessions, as well as surface rights, to support ongoing mining and processing activities.

 

3.2.1Mining Concessions

 

The San Andrés I (SA I) mining concession covers an area of 355 hectares (3.55 km²) and was originally granted on January 27, 1983, to Compañía Minerales de Copán, S.A. de C.V (Minerales de Copán). The concession was later expanded and formalized in 1997, under the ownership of Greenstone Resources Ltd. (Greenstone), reaching its current area. The San Andrés I concession (SAI) is currently held by Minosa (Minerales de Occidente S.A. de C.V.) and was officially renewed in 2021 for a period of 30 years, extending its validity until 2051. This renewal was granted under the administrative mechanism of Afirmativa Ficta, as permitted by the Honduran Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo. The concession encompasses the area containing the current Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates.

 

To maintain the validity of the SAI concession, Minosa is required to pay an annual concession fee (canon territorial), in accordance with applicable Honduran mining regulations.

 

To support future exploration and potential expansion, Minosa submitted applications for five additional contiguous mining concessions in May 2002:

 

·San Andrés II (SAII) – 900 ha (application under review)

 

·San Andrés III (SAIII) – 864 ha (granted in 2020 for exploration, valid through 2030)

 

·San Andrés IV (SAIV) – 994 ha (granted in 2020 for exploration, valid through 2030)

 

·San Andrés V (SAV) – 1,000 ha (application under review)

 

·San Andrés X (SAX) – 1,000 ha (application under review)

 

Minosa holds valid and active exploration rights for SAIII and SAIV, both authorized by INHGEOMIN for a 10-year period, with the ability to initiate exploitation activities upon formal notification to the authority. Applications for SAII, SAV, and SAX remain under review, with Minosa retaining preferential rights to these areas pending official resolution.

 

The combination of the SAI concession and the adjacent granted and requested areas creates a contiguous land package that secures long-term mineral tenure for current and future operations at the San Andrés Mine.

 

Minosa confirms that all mining concessions are held in accordance with Honduran law and are supported by appropriate environmental and operational permits, including a lifetime environmental license. The company has also confirmed, through legal counsel, that there are no outstanding legal disputes, encumbrances, or community access agreements that would materially affect the status or use of these concessions (Minosa 2025).

 

.

 

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Figure 3-3: Mineral Concessions Map

 

.

 

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3.2.2Surface Rights

 

Minosa holds approximately 40% of the surface rights within the San Andrés I concession. The remaining land comprises government-owned property and community ejido lands, for which Minosa has secured access rights under the provisions of the Honduran Mining Law. Agreements with local communities, such as San Andrés, San Miguel, Platanares, and Azacualpa, ensure access to areas required for mining activities.

 

Minosa also privately owns surface rights for key infrastructure located outside the mining concession, including the secondary crusher, agglomerators, leach pad, and carbon-in-column (CIC) – adsorption, desorption and recovery (ADR) plant. Surface rights for the expansion of the leach pads and open-pit operations have been acquired, with additional negotiations in progress as part of the Mine’s long-term development plan.

 

3.2.3Royalties and Taxes

 

The San Andrés Mine operates under the Honduran General Mining Law (Decree 238-2012), which stipulates royalty payments and other taxes as follows:

 

·Special Mining Tax (IEM):

 

o5% of the FOB (Free on Board) value of the extracted metals, broken down as:

 

·2% for the Security Fee, paid to the national treasury.

 

·2% as a municipal tax, paid directly to the local municipal treasury where the mining operation is located.

 

·1% to the Honduran Mining Authority (Instituto Hondureño de Geología y Minas, or INHGEOMIN) to support mining regulation and research activities.

 

·Additional Fees: Mining operations are also subject to standard municipal operating permits and environmental compliance fees required for land use and resource extraction.

 

These royalty and tax obligations are integrated into the financial models of the Mine and ensure compliance with national legislation while contributing to regional and national development programs.

 

3.2.4Legal Framework

 

The granting of mining concessions, surface rights, and associated royalties is governed by the General Mining Law (Decree 238-2012) and its regulations, under the supervision of the INHGEOMIN. All mining activities also require compliance with the General Law of the Environment (Ley General del Ambiente, Decree 104-93) and municipal permitting processes.

 

3.3Significant Encumbrances including Required Permits and Status

 

The San Andrés Mine operates in compliance with the Honduran General Mining Law (Decree 238-2012) and associated environmental regulations. The Mine holds all necessary permits for mining, processing, and associated activities, supported by approved Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Environmental Licenses. The current and future permitting requirements are summarized in Section 17.

 

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3.4Other Significant Factors and Risks

 

Minosa holds all necessary permits and approvals required to conduct current operations and the proposed work program.

 

There are no known unmitigated environmental liabilities on the property. All historical disturbances have been addressed through previously approved Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and associated mitigation measures. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) remains in place and actively monitors compliance with reclamation and control programs.

 

Minosa has obtained the necessary mining and environmental permits for current operations, including active pits such as Falla A Phase 2, Banana Ridge, and other designated areas. Environmental licenses are up to date or in the process of renewal, where applicable, to ensure compliance with Honduran environmental regulations and the General Mining Law.

 

Minosa maintains clear and undisputed title to the San Andrés mining concession (San Andrés I, 355 ha) and additional exploration concessions granted in 2021 (San Andrés III and IV). The land tenure framework includes surface rights agreements and access permissions secured through negotiations with local communities and Honduran authorities. Pending applications for the San Andrés II and San Andrés V concessions remain under review, with Minosa retaining first rights to these areas.

 

SLR is not aware of any significant legal, political, or technical risks that may adversely affect the:

 

·Access to the property.

 

·Title or tenure of the mineral rights and surface rights.

 

·The ability to conduct current operations or execute the proposed work program.

 

While there are localized risks related to seasonal rainfall and slope stability, these are actively managed through geotechnical monitoring, water diversion systems, and established Trigger Action Response Plans (TARPs).

 

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4.0Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography

 

The San Andrés Mine, located in the western highlands of Honduras, has distinct geographical and environmental characteristics that influence its operations and accessibility.

 

4.1Accessibility

 

The Mine can be accessed by well-maintained highways and secondary roads, ensuring reliable year-round access:

 

·The primary access route from San Pedro Sula, the country’s second-largest city and a key economic hub, follows CA-4 Highway southwest towards the town of La Entrada. From La Entrada, the CA-4 highway continues towards Santa Rosa de Copán.

 

·Santa Rosa de Copán, located approximately 55 km east of the Mine by road, serves as a regional center with a significant population, providing essential services, accommodations, and infrastructure. From Santa Rosa, a combination of paved and well-maintained gravel roads leads directly to the mine site.

 

o28 km of paved highway from Santa Rosa de Copán to the town of Cucuyagua.

 

o22 km of gravel road from Cucuyagua to the Mine. While this gravel road is a public route, Minosa voluntarily maintains it to ensure safe and reliable access for vehicles, as well as for the benefit of the local community.

 

·Travelers departing from Tegucigalpa can take CA-5 Highway north to Comayagua and then connect to CA-7 Highway westbound towards Santa Rosa de Copán. This route, spanning approximately 340 km, takes about 6 to 7 hours by vehicle. The final approach to the Mine follows the same route described above, connecting through Santa Rosa de Copán.

 

The road network leading to the San Andrés Mine is fully accessible for passenger vehicles, heavy trucks, and mine-related equipment, which facilitates the transportation of materials, supplies, and personnel.

 

San Pedro Sula is served by Ramón Villeda Morales International Airport (SAP), providing daily flights to major destinations in the United States and Latin America. For Tegucigalpa, international flights are now routed through Palmerola International Airport (XPL) in Comayagua, approximately 80 km northwest of the city, while Toncontín Airport (TGU) primarily serves domestic flights. These airports ensure reliable access for personnel and supplies.

 

San Pedro Sula is also 40 km from Puerto Cortés, the main seaport in Honduras, located on the Caribbean Sea. Puerto Cortés facilitates the import and export of goods and materials required for the mine’s operations.

 

This infrastructure supports the transport of equipment, supplies, and personnel to and from the mine. The connectivity to both major urban centers and regional hubs, combined with proximity to international transport routes, ensures smooth logistical operations for the San Andrés Mine.

 

4.2Climate

 

The Mine lies within the Interior Highlands of Honduras with a temperate climate. The nearest weather station is 18 km east of the Mine and data has been collected since 1953. The weather station has a similar elevation to the Mine.

 

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Average annual precipitation ranges between 1,300 and 1,500 mm (Aquagea 2020), and there are distinct wet and dry seasons that influence mining operations and planning.

 

·Rainy Season: Locally referred to as "winter," the rainy season extends from May to November. During this period, the region experiences heavy rainfall, with the wettest months being June and September, recording average rainfall of 136 mm and 134 mm, respectively. The highest monthly rainfall recorded was 551 mm in August 1995. The 2-year, 10-year, and 100-year precipitation events were calculated to be 81 mm, 121 mm, and 216 mm respectively.

 

·Dry Season: The driest months are January and February, with minimal rainfall of 13 mm and 9 mm, respectively. These months allow for uninterrupted mining activities and logistical operations.

 

· Figure 4-1 presents the seasonal rainfall trends at San Andres Mine, The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.

 

Figure 4-1: Seasonal Rainfall and Temperature Trends at San Andrés Mine

 

 

Source: Weatherpark.com 2025

 

The Mine enjoys moderate temperatures throughout the year.

 

·The warm season lasts for approximately 2 and a half months, from mid-to-late March to early June, with an average daily high temperature above 27°C. The hottest month of the year in Santa Rosa de Copán is May, with an average high of 28°C and low of 17°C.

 

·The cool season lasts for approximately 3 months, from early November to early February, with an average daily high temperature below 23°C. The coldest month of the year in Santa Rosa de Copán is January, with an average low of 14°C and high of 23°C.

 

Figure 4-2 presents the daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperatures, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.

 

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Figure 4-2: Summary of Climatic Data for the San Andrés Mine (Monthly Averages)

 

 

Source: Weatherpark.com 2025

 

Annual evaporation varies between 825 mm and 1,296 mm, indicating a balance between rainfall and water loss through evaporation.

 

Wind blows predominantly from the north and is constant, with little variation. Average annual wind speed is 9.6 km/h. While not extreme, these conditions help mitigate heat buildup and ensure adequate ventilation around mining and processing areas. Honduras lies within a hurricane belt; however, the Mine location is generally unaffected (SRK 1998).

 

The heavy rainfall during the wet season occasionally limits accessibility and may delay certain mining activities. Historically, the Mine has observed a reduction of 6% in available production hours during the wettest months due to weather-related challenges.

 

The San Andrés Mine can operate year-round with minimal weather related disruptions.

 

4.3Local Resources

 

The San Andrés Mine benefits from a network of local and regional resources that support its operations.

 

·Honduras and neighboring Central American countries host several mining operations, leading to the establishment of branch offices and facilities by international contractors and suppliers. Domestic contractors and suppliers also play a significant role in providing necessary services.

 

·Essential materials such as cement and fuel are sourced from Honduran companies.

 

·Components and supplies from major centers in North and South America can be delivered to the site within reasonable timeframes, facilitated by efficient logistics and transportation networks.

 

·Numerous communities in the immediate vicinity provide a local workforce.

 

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·Management and technical personnel are recruited both regionally within Central America and internationally from North and South America. Aura maintains a corporate office in Canada, staffed with experienced geologists and engineers who provide technical support and oversight for all its projects, including the San Andrés Mine.

 

·The surrounding communities are equipped with educational, medical, recreational, and shopping facilities, contributing to the well-being of the workforce and their families.

 

4.4Infrastructure

 

The San Andrés Mine, operational since 1983, has the necessary infrastructure to support its mining activities. Key components include:

 

Power Supply:

 

·In year 2015, the Mine successfully connected to the national power grid managed by Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica (ENEE). This transition significantly reduced power costs by approximately 31%, enhancing the Mine’s operational efficiency. The current setup allows for power to be purchased from the grid, while maintaining on-site diesel generators as backup to ensure reliability during grid outages or maintenance periods.

 

·On-site diesel power generation remains in place to provide additional energy security. This dual power system ensures uninterrupted operations, even during peak demand or unexpected disruptions in grid power.

 

·The proximity of the Platanares Geothermal Power Plant, located in La Unión, Copán, presents potential opportunities for incorporating renewable energy into the Mine’s power mix in the future. This geothermal facility, with a capacity of 35 MW, underscores the region’s advancements in sustainable energy.

 

Water Supply:

 

·Process Water: Sourced from rainwater runoff collected in a surge pond and supplemented by direct pumping from a station on the perennial Río Lara, adjacent to the CIC-ADR plant. Flow measurements indicate that the Río Lara maintains a flow rate exceeding 100 m³/h even during the driest periods, ensuring a reliable water supply for processing needs.

 

·Potable Water: Chlorinated water for the town of San Andrés and on-site camp facilities is stored in a 72,000-gallon tank. This tank is fed via a 4-inch, 17-km metal pipeline originating upstream along the Río Lara near the village of La Arena. Additionally, purified water for drinking and cooking is procured from local suppliers.

 

Facilities:

 

·Operational Facilities: The site is equipped with warehouses, maintenance facilities, an assay laboratory, and on-site camp accommodations for management, staff, and contractors, ensuring efficient daily operations.

 

·Communication Systems: Comprehensive communication infrastructure includes radio, telephone, internet, and satellite television services, facilitating seamless coordination and connectivity.

 

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4.5Physiography

 

The San Andrés Mine is located within the western Interior Highlands topographical province of Honduras, a region characterized by its mountainous terrain, moderate relief, and relatively steep slopes. The area is predominantly covered with short grasses and open forests of pine and oak, providing a mix of natural habitats and rugged landscapes.

 

The elevation across the mine site ranges from approximately 750 masl to 1,300 masl, with steep slopes and moderate overall topographic relief. These conditions influence both the hydrology and accessibility of the area, requiring careful engineering and environmental planning for mining operations.

 

The Mine lies within the Río Lara catchment basin, a regional watershed system. The Mine’s operational footprint represents only a small portion of this basin, and all streams and watercourses within the Mine's vicinity are perennial, flowing year-round. The principal drainages include:

 

·Quebrada de San Miguel: Located to the north of the Mine, this stream flows southeast and east, eventually joining the Quebrada del Agua Caliente.

 

·Quebrada del Agua Caliente: Situated along the eastern boundary of the San Andrés I concession area, it drains southeast into the Río Lara.

 

·Río Lara: Positioned immediately south of the processing facilities, it flows eastward into the Río Higuito, approximately four kilometers southeast of the mine site.

 

·Quebrada de Casas Viejas: Draining the southwestern portion of the mine site area, this creek also flows southeast to join the Río Lara.

 

These streams form an interconnected drainage network, ultimately discharging into the Río Higuito. This system emphasizes the importance of water management practices to ensure minimal environmental impact and compliance with regulatory standards.

 

The region’s vegetation, dominated by grasses and open woodlands, supports diverse ecological functions while providing areas for grazing and forestry. The natural cover also helps stabilize slopes and mitigates soil erosion in steeply sloped regions.

 

This physiographic setting plays an important role in shaping the mine's environmental management strategies and operational designs. The integration of hydrological studies and topographical planning ensures that the mine operates sustainably within this unique and rugged landscape.

 

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5.0History

 

The San Andrés Mine has a rich history that reflects its role as a significant gold producer in Honduras. The mine has evolved from small-scale underground operations to a modern open-pit, heap leach operation.

 

5.1Prior Ownership

 

The following historical ownership summary is based on prior technical reports prepared for the San Andrés Mine (Aura 2014). While the core content remains unchanged, certain details have been updated to reflect newly available information and to ensure consistency with the current report.

 

The San Andrés area is reported to be the site of the first Spanish gold discovery in Honduras, with initial production commencing in the early 1500s. For centuries, efforts to exploit small gold deposits hosted in quartz veins were undertaken, resulting in the development of adits, drifts, shafts, declines, and prospect pits, many of which remain visible today. Local populations extensively mined the streams in the area for placer gold (Malouf 1985).

 

Exploration during the 1930s and 1940s was carried out in the property area by various companies, including Gold Mines of America and the New York and Honduras-based Rosario Mining Company (Rosario). These efforts included the development of over 3,140 m of underground drifts and cross-cuts within zones of epithermal quartz veins and quartz stockwork. During this time, Gold Mines of America operated a small amalgamation plant between 1936 and 1937.

 

In 1945, the property was acquired by the San Andrés Mining Company, which was subsequently purchased by the New Idria Company (Malouf 1985). New Idria installed a cyanide circuit with a capacity of 200 short tons per day in 1948, transporting all equipment by air to an airstrip located at Platanares. Over the years, approximately 300,000 short tons of surface ore and 100,000 short tons of underground ore, averaging 5.8 g/t gold, were mined and milled by New Idria. In 1949, the San Andrés operation pioneered the use of carbon-in-pulp (CIP) technology to recover gold and silver using granular carbon. However, logistical challenges, high underground mining costs, and insufficient air travel support caused the operation to cease by 1954.

 

In 1969, exploration in western Honduras, including the San Andrés property, was restricted by the Honduran Government and the United Nations for study purposes, effectively halting activities in the area. This restriction covered 10,800 km² and was lifted in 1974, reopening the region to exploration (Malouf 1985).

 

An exploration permit was granted in 1974 to Minerales, SA de CV (MINSA), a subsidiary of Noranda. MINSA entered a joint venture with Rosario to conduct soil sampling, mapping, and trenching to identify a large, disseminated, open-pit gold deposit. These activities indicated a resource potential of approximately 20 million short tons grading 2.83 g/t gold (Malouf 1985). However, changes in Honduran tax laws in 1976 forced MINSA to abandon the concession. In 1983, Compañía Minerales de Copán, SA de CV (Minerales de Copán) acquired the property following a tax law revision. Minerales de Copán installed a small-scale heap leach operation with a capacity of 60 short tons per day, employing 170 local residents in a rudimentary operation involving shovels and wheelbarrows.

 

In 1993, Fischer-Watt Gold Company Inc. (Fischer-Watt) took an interest in the property as part of a Honduran grassroots exploration program, acquiring an option from Minerales de Copán.

 

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After conducting additional mapping and sampling programs with promising results, Fischer-Watt transferred the option to Greenstone in 1994. Greenstone exercised the option in 1996, acquiring over 99% ownership of Minerales de Copán. Feasibility studies initiated in 1996 culminated in a 1997 plan to mine the Water Tank Hill deposit, expand the existing open-pit mine, and construct new heap leach facilities. Additional infrastructure included a conveyor system, waste rock disposal areas, spoils piles, haul roads, and a landfill. This project required relocating the village of San Andrés. Proposed production was set at 2.1 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) of ore, with a mine life of seven years. Infrastructure was designed to process more than 3.5 Mtpa of ore and waste.

 

Mining operations were suspended in May 1997 to focus on construction. Key developments included improvements to access roads, the construction of leach pads and spoils piles, and the relocation of the village. The Secretary of State in the department of the Environment (Secretaría de Estado en el Despacho del Ambiente, SEDA) approved these activities. Mining resumed in early 1999, with the first gold shipment on March 30, 1999. At its peak, the mine employed 344 individuals, including 10 expatriates, with the majority of the workforce sourced from nearby communities.

 

Greenstone ceased mining and crushing operations in December 1999 due to cash flow issues. By March 2000, management had largely departed, leaving a skeleton crew to maintain site permits and leaching operations. The project’s rights and obligations were transferred to Banco Atlántida, a Honduran bank, which facilitated a bridge loan in June 2000, enabling the formation of Minosa to assume operations.

 

Minosa resumed mining in August 2000, with management services provided by RNC Gold Inc. (RNC). At the time, San Andres (Belize) Limited owned 75% of Minosa, with the remaining 25% held by Banco Atlantida. On September 7, 2005, RNC purchased 100% of the San Andrés Mine by acquiring all remaining shares of Minosa. The transaction valued the Mine at US$22.5 million, with San Andrés (Belize) Limited selling its 75% stake for US$ 12.0 million plus a net smelter royalty (NSR). The NSR terms were 1% on the first US$20.0 million of annual revenue, reducing to 0.5% thereafter, with a cumulative cap of US$1.5 million, which has since been fulfilled.

 

On February 28, 2006, Yamana Gold Inc. (Yamana) acquired RNC, obtaining a 100% beneficial interest in Minosa. The transaction was funded through an $18.9 million senior secured loan to RNC, but Yamana’s acquisition of RNC was completed via a share transaction. Finally, Aura acquired 100% of Minosa on August 25, 2009, consolidating its ownership of the San Andrés Mine.

 

5.2Past Production

 

Gold production at the San Andrés Mine began in 1983 as a small-scale heap leap operation. Early years saw low processing volumes, with annual ore leaching rates below 150,000 tonnes and gold recoveries averaging between 1,000 and 5,000 ounces per year.

 

A significant increase in production occurred in 1999, when large-scale mining operations were introduced. Annual ore processing exceeded 1.3 million tonnes, and gold recoveries reached approximately 42,455 ounces. This expansion marked a transition from small-scale to commercial mining.

 

From 2000 to 2009, production continued to scale up, with annual ore processing volumes fluctuating between 2.3 million and 4.5 million tonnes, depending on mining conditions and

 

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operational constraints. Gold recoveries during this period ranged from 50,000 to over 100,000 ounces per year.

 

Following Aura Minerals’ acquisition in 2009, further investments were made in processing facilities, heap leach pad expansions, and mining fleet capacity, resulting in increased ore tonnage and operational efficiency. Between 2010 and 2024, the mine consistently processed between 4.0 and 8.5 million tonnes of ore annually, with gold recoveries varying based on grade fluctuations and heap leach performance.

 

In recent years (2020–2024), total ore tonnage reached its highest levels, exceeding 7 million tonnes annually in 2023 and 2024. However, gold grades have gradually declined from an average of 0.538 g/t Au in 2020 to 0.435 g/t Au in 2024, reflecting the natural depletion of higher-grade zones. Despite this, improved operational efficiencies and heap leach performance have maintained annual gold recoveries between 60,000 and 88,000 ounces per year.

 

The historical production trends in Table 5-1 illustrate the Mine’s evolution from a small-scale operation to a well-established open-pit mine, with steady production levels maintained through ongoing operational improvements and strategic mine planning in the last years.

 

Table 5-1: Production History – 1983 to 2024

 

Year  Ore Leached (Tonnes)  Grade (g/t Au)  Gold Recovered (oz)  Silver Recovered (oz)
1983 21,480 - - -
1984 22,459 2.12 1,388 575
1985 22,332 2.46 1,433 636
1986 29,120 3.08 2,510 750
1987 40,178 2.46 2,710 806
1988 56,154 2.21 2,957 803
1989 76,209 1.87 3,406 1,247
1990 105,598 1.37 3,495 1,120
1991 133,084 1.93 4,813 1,385
1992 129,647 1.09 3,737 944
1993 138,766 1.15 4,607 1,100
1994 138,083 1.06 4,291 739
1995 130,956 0.93 3,482 708
1996 127,801 1.21 4,504 1,242
1997 42,885 0.87 1,048 262
1998 - - - -
1999 1,357,544 2.04 42,455 44,392
2000 - - 6,006 7,477
2000 719,631 1.85 17,508 22,841
2001 2,289,276 1.75 105,775 131,201
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Year  Ore Leached (Tonnes)  Grade (g/t Au)  Gold Recovered (oz)  Silver Recovered (oz)
2002 3,378,116 1.09 99,064 108,694
2003 2,891,890 0.63 50,795 35,421
2004 3,793,870 0.69 65,032 18,502
2005 3,392,092 0.72 61,236 16,488
2006 3,732,049 0.70 70,779 -
2007 2,910,904 0.52 51,240 34,992
2008 3,567,279 0.58 47,761 17,636
2009 4,530,009 0.68 68,372 34,406
2010 4,913,900 0.70 70,641 52,394
2011 4,312,947 0.68 60,871 38,208
2012 4,263,953 0.64 59,751 41,487
2013 5,370,142 0.58 63,811 34,765
2014 6,167,074 0.476 88,813 61,917
2015 6,149,421 0.494 83,521 67,609
2016 6,459,139 0.474 78,327 45,325
2017 6,699,350 0.453 82,270 58,995
2018 6,065,192 0.467 63,603 48,346
2019 5,172,717 0.515 58,374 25,193
2020 4,005,298 0.538 60,769 26,036
2021 5,611,373 0.557 88,410 20,158
2022 5,485,383 0.488 61,439 21,230
2023 7,095,956 0.445 65,928 17,390
2024 8,544,997 0.435 78,372 9,644

 

Silver has historically been recovered as a byproduct of gold production at San Andrés, with reported recoveries included in operational records through 2024, as shown in Table 5-1. However, due to its low economic contribution relative to gold, silver is not a primary focus of the operation and is not modeled in the geological block model. Consequently, silver grades and recoveries are not considered in the Mineral Resource or Mineral Reserve estimates presented in this report. While silver continues to be recovered in trace amounts during gold processing, it is not included in pit optimization or Mineral Reserve estimate disclosures, as its contribution to overall project economics is not considered material.

 

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6.0Geological Setting, Mineralization, and Deposit

 

6.1Regional Geology

 

Five lithospheric plates form boundaries in the region. Most of Central America between Guatemala and Costa Rica lies on the Caribbean Plate. The San Andrés Mine is located on the northern edge of the Caribbean Plate at the boundary with the North American Plate. A chain of active volcanoes situated along the Pacific coast from Guatemala to Costa Rica marks the subduction zone which lies between the Cocos and Caribbean plates along the Middle American Trench. Figure 6-1 shows the regional structural setting of the Caribbean plate.

 

Figure 6-1: Regional Structural Setting of the Caribbean Plate

 

 

Source: from Giunta et al. 2003:

 

The boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates in Central America is marked by the Motagua Suture Zone. The suture zone is approximately 80 km wide and extends through Honduras and Guatemala. Three major faults are recognized within the zone: the Polochic Fault, the Motagua Fault, and the Jocotan Fault. These faults are predominantly strike-

 

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slip with left-lateral movement and are seismically active. The Motagua Suture Zone is terminated to the west by the Middle America Trench, marking the boundary with the Pacific plate.

 

The strike-slip faults forming the Motagua Suture Zone extend offshore to the east and form the Cayman Trough. The Cayman Trough formed as a result of strike-slip faulting on the Swan Islands Fault and the Oriente Fault. The Swan Islands Fault and the Oriente Fault are transform faults that form respectively, the southern boundary and the northern boundary of the Cayman Trough. The Cayman Trough is approximately 100 km wide and extends from the coast of Honduras to Hispaniola on the east, cutting through the Oriente Province in southeast Cuba (Gordon 1997). The trough terminates at the Puerto Rico Trench. The Cayman Trough and the Motagua Suture Zone extend over a distance of about 2,500 km from the Puerto Rico Trench to the Middle America Trench on the west. The Cayman Trough contains a slow-spreading center, referred to as the Mid Cayman Rise (Ten Brink et al. 2002). This feature is oriented north-south and connects the transform faults forming the boundaries of the Cayman Trough. It is a major extensional fracture formed at the same time as the strike-slip faults. Both of these structural elements result from the relative movements of the North American and Caribbean plates. Rock samples collected from the rise are largely basaltic in composition. The Mid Cayman Rise is a zone of high heat flow, which is typical of spreading centers. Further evidence of the formation of north-south extensional fractures is also demonstrated from mapping in the vicinity of the Oriente Fault in Southeast Cuba (Rojas-Agramonte et al. 2003) and is exemplified by karst-filled extensional veins and normal faults.

 

6.2Local Geology

 

Honduras can be divided geologically into three zones. The northern third of the country, the Cordillera Del Norte, generally consists of Permian metamorphic rocks ranging in age from 280 to 225 Ma. The central third of the country, the Cordillera Central, consists primarily of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks ranging in age from 136 to 65 Ma. The southern third of the country, the Cordillera del Sur, is dominated by Tertiary volcanic rocks that range in age from 65 to 2 Ma. A generalized geological map is shown in Figure 6-2 and a stratigraphic section is shown in Figure 6-3.

 

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Figure 6-2: District Geology

 

 

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Figure 6-3: Stratigraphic Column

 

 

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North-trending grabens associated with the “Honduras Depression” cut across Honduras from San Pedro Sula to the Golfo de Fonseca. The faults bounding these grabens, as well as a host of other faults throughout Honduras, average a northerly strike. However, they are stepped along northeast and northwest-trending faults that are dominantly normal-slip, but also have strike-slip components (Eppler et al. 1986). Eppler et al. (1986) also suggested that this extension was causing crustal thinning in the region. Pflaker (1976) suggested that the northwest portion of the Caribbean Plate was fragmenting along these north-trending grabens as a result of the eastward movement of the Caribbean Plate. He suggested that the greatest movement on the graben faults was associated with the eruption of the Padre Miguel tuffs in the Miocene and Pliocene and that minor adjustments along these faults may be occurring today. He suggested that the east-west extension implied a north-trending horizontal principal stress. There are abundant occurrences of hot springs throughout Honduras and hot springs occur within the immediate vicinity of the San Andrés Mine. A hot spring was encountered during mining of the Water Tank Hill pit. Eppler et al. (1986) carried out an extensive study of these hot springs to assess the potential for geothermal resource sites. In their opinion, the absence of young silicic volcanism suggests that cooling plutons are not the heat source for the hot spring activity. Rather, the geothermal systems are caused by thin crust and high regional heat flow. In their inspection of several sites, Eppler et al. noted the association of the springs with the north-trending extensional faults and fractures. Eppler et al. indicated that the geothermal fluids were neutral to alkaline in pH and were best classified as Na-HCO3-SO4-Cl waters. They also observed that the systems with the highest temperature generally deposited silica sinter. Temperatures of the fluids varied from 120°C to 225°C.

 

6.3Property Geology

 

The San Andrés Mine is situated along the southern margin of the Motagua Suture Zone. The deposits occur on the south, or hanging wall side, of the San Andrés Fault. The oldest rocks recognized at San Andrés are Permian metasediments which are grey green to locally black in colour and appear to be a thick sequence of metamorphosed shales, sandstones, and arkosic sands (red bed). The metasediments (phyllites) are exposed on the north, or footwall side of the San Andrés Fault, located immediately to the north and northwest of the Water Tank Hill pit and mine area. Drilling in the Buffa Zone in the phyllites demonstrate that they are carbonaceous, with 1% to 2% sulphide in the form of pyrite, and contain narrow veins of massive white (milky) quartz. High gold grades have been intercepted in holes MO-15-47, MO-20-29 and MO-20-28 located in Buffa.

 

The phyllites are overlain by porphyritic andesites of the Tertiary Matagalpa Formation. This unit underlies much of the San Andrés Mine, the Cerro Cortez Hill area, and extends eastward to the Quebrada del Agua Caliente. The explosive phase of the andesites consists of agglomerates, flows, and tuff breccias. Locally, the andesite appears to have intruded into the overlying sandstone and conglomerate rock units. The andesite-conglomerate contact is often very irregular in form and typically exhibits shearing. There are zones of mixed rock along the contact where angular fragments of andesite porphyry are found in a matrix of conglomerates and sandstones. In places, the andesite is grayish green in colour and consists of moderately abundant plagioclase and hornblende phenocrysts in a felsic to glassy matrix. Overlying the andesites is a thick red bed sequence of quartz conglomerates, medium to fine sands and silts. These rocks are believed to be the Tertiary Subinal Formation. South of the mine area, where unaltered, these rocks have the distinctive hematite brick red colour, but in the mine area they have been bleached to light buff yellow and grey colours. These units typically have a shallow to moderate southerly dip and they

 

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thicken to the south of the mine area. The principal mineralized lithology is the Brecha/ Conglomerate and secondary the Andesite.

 

The Subinal Formation sediments are overlain by poorly to moderately welded rhyodacite and rhyolite tuffs. Fine sands and silts with a tuffaceous matrix and quartz fragments of volcanic origin are also part of these tuff units and appear to be the basal portion in contact with the conglomerates and sands of the Subinal Formation which represents a change in the geologic environment. These units occur as intercalated, thin, discontinuous beds. The rhyodacite and rhyolite tuffs consist of crystal-rich, poorly to locally moderately welded tuffs with abundant biotite in a felsic groundmass. Quartz pyroclasts are not always present, but may be locally abundant. This unit is considered to be the Tertiary-aged Padre Miguel Group. The rhyolite tuffs crop out on the hill immediately to the east of the past-producing Water Tank Hill pit and form thick ridge cappings in the southern and eastern portion of the district. A thin remnant of biotite crystal-rich rhyolite tuff was mapped on Water Tank Hill before it was mined. The youngest sequences present in the area are Quaternary and recent alluvial deposits which fill canyon bottoms and stream valleys and occur locally as slope cover.

 

Figure 6-4 illustrates the property lithology.

 

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Figure 6-4: Property Geology – Lithology (Topography December 2024)

 

 

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Figure 6-5: Property Geology – Lithology Section 290900 East

 

 

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6.3.1.1Structure

 

The San Andrés Mine area is dominated by a series of sub parallel and widely spaced east to northeast-striking faults that are typically steeply dipping to the south and by numerous north to northwest-striking faults that also dip moderately to steeply to the east and to the west. The most prominent fault on the property is the San Andrés Fault which strikes east to east-northeast and dips steeply south. The San Andrés Fault forms a distinct boundary between the phyllites to the north (footwall side of the fault) and the host rocks for the San Andrés Mine to the south (hanging wall side), which include the andesite, conglomerates, and rhyolite tuff units. The San Andrés Fault is parallel to, and coeval with, the major set of east to north-northeast trending strike-slip faults that form the Motagua Suture Zone and the direction of movement along the San Andrés Fault is also left lateral. Drilling has shown that the fault strikes east-northeast and dips at 60° to 70°south at the mine. Within the volcanic and sedimentary units on the south side of the San Andrés Fault, numerous and more closely spaced extensional faults and fractures have been mapped. The average strike of these faults is N25°W and the dip is 50° to 80° to the southwest and northeast, forming graben-like blocks where the strata are locally offset. These faults and fractures are generally filled with banded quartz and blade calcite. These extensional structures are distributed over a wide area, from the East Ledge open pit to Quebrada del Agua Caliente, approximately 1,500 m to the east, and from the San Andrés Fault, for at least 1,200 m south. At Platanares, the active geothermal springs and seeps are also associated with a northwest trending fault and fracture system. These extensional faults and fractures are interpreted as being coeval with the regional extensional structures resulting from the current rifting process. These extensional structures most likely exhibit low levels of seismicity. Micro-seismic monitoring systems could be used to identify zones containing major extension fracture systems for exploration purposes. Carvalho (2006) completed a structural analysis of the San Andrés Mine area, focusing particularly on the East Ledge pit area. He divided the East Ledge pit into three main domains: North, East, and Central West based on similar structural features. The northern portion of the East Ledge pit is dominated by two main sets of structures: east-west strike-slip faults, probably related to the San Andrés Fault, and north-striking faults and extensional structures. He noted that strong hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are always associated with the extensional faults. De Carvalho considered the Central West Domain to be the central part of a graben-like structure. This type of structure is considered to be the principal control on the mineralization in the mined-out Water Tank Hill pit. These graben-type structures are thought to have formed in conjunction with the displacement on the San Andrés Fault. The East Domain is in the east-southeast portion of the pit and is different from the other domains being characterized by a major concentration of northwest striking fractures. Alteration is dominated by strong silicification and quartz veining. This area is considered by de Carvalho to be a potential main pathway for the mineralizing fluids. A prominent north-striking structure in the southwest wall of the East Ledge pit is reported to display a steep lineation of the slickenside on the footwall of one of the faults, indicating vertical movement. The fault was filled with banded chalcedony and bladed calcite and varied in width from one metre to 0.2 m. The strike of the fault was north-northeast and it dipped at 55° east.

 

6.3.1.2Alteration

 

Rock alteration associated with the deposit includes an outer halo of bleaching and propylitization with mixed argillization and silicification central to the gold mineralization. The 2024 geological model focused on the alteration of mineralization control: silicification to silicification + argillic to argillic + silicification to argillic, as illustrated in Figure 6-6.

 

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Minor to locally moderate amounts of sulphides, such as pyrite and possibly marcasite, were also introduced into the host rocks, but are now nearly all oxidized and occur as hematite, goethite, and jarosite. Oxidation in the mineralized zones extends to at least 100 m vertically in the East Ledge pit. Propylitization is seen in the andesite flows and intrusive as a grayish green colouration with various amounts of very fine disseminated pyrite, chlorite, and calcite. The andesite shows weak to moderate argillic alteration throughout, with the plagioclase and groundmass altered to soft light-coloured clays, but with phenocrysts still visible. Within the sediments, the silty and fine-grained matrix has been strongly clay altered near the underlying andesite intrusive contact and along faults and vein structures. Weak to moderate argillic alteration is present over broad areas within the sedimentary rocks and is associated with hematite, goethite, and jarosite development. Silicification varies from weak through intense to total replacement in both sediments and andesite. Although silicification is generally associated with veins and faults, local areas of flooding are noted. The silica flooded areas are locally blanket-like zones associated with controlling feeder structures. The silicic alteration is strongest in the tuffs.

 

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Figure 6-6: Property Geology – Alteration (Topography December 2024)

 

 

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Figure 6-7: Property Geology – Alteration Section 290900 East

 

 

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6.4Mineralization

 

At the Mine, gold and silver mineralization is associated with a high level epithermal, quartz-carbonate-adularia system consisting of veins, stockworks, and disseminations. In the andesite, overlying conglomerate and rhyodacite, the quartz veins are typically composed of banded chalcedony and fine-grained white quartz, which has replaced calcite. The bladed calcite texture seen in veining is ubiquitous and the quartz replacement is almost always complete. Metallurgical studies show that the gold is primarily contained in electrum as fine-grained particles. The particle size of the electrum grains varied from 1 µm x 1 µm up to 10 µm x 133 µm. One native gold grain was noted.

 

Sulphur mineralization in the Mine is not considered as Mineral Resources or Mineral Reserves as there are no current or planned recovery methods for sulphur mineralization.

 

SLR assessed the ratio between the silver assays that were available with the gold assays in the 2024 Reserve and Resource pit at a 0.187 g/t Au cut-off. The ratio was 4 to 1, However, because of the much lower price for silver and the lower metal recoveries, the value of the silver recovered is less than 1 to 2% of the value of the gold produced. Therefore, samples are not generally analyzed for silver and silver grades are not included in the block model.

 

The property mineralization is shown in Figure 6-8.

 

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Figure 6-8: Property Geology – Mineralization (topography December 2024)

 

 

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Figure 6-9: Property Geology – Mineralization Section 290900 East

 

 

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6.5Deposit Types

 

The San Andrés deposit as an epithermal gold deposit associated with extensional structures within tectonic rift settings. These deposits commonly contain gold and silver mineralization, which is associated with banded quartz veins. At San Andrés, silver is not economically important. Gold occurs in quartz veins that are predominantly comprised of colloform banded quartz, generally chalcedony, with lesser amounts of fine comb quartz, adularia, dark carbonate, and sulphide material. The gold mineralization is deposited as a result of cooling and the interaction of hydrothermal fluids with groundwater and the host rocks. The hydrothermal fluids may have migrated some distance from the source; however, there is no clear evidence at San Andrés that the fluids, or portions of the fluids, have been derived from magmatic intrusions. Many of these low sulphidation epithermal deposits occur in felsic volcanic sequences where geothermal fluids are circulating. Near surface, many deposits are capped by eruption breccias which are formed by the rapid expansion of depressurized geothermal fluids. These breccias are characterized by intensely silicified matrix and angular fragments of the host rock. Wall rock alteration forms as halos to veins and includes sericite grading to peripheral smectite and marginal chlorite alteration.

 

Corbett (2002) suggests that structure and the competency of the host rocks may be important ore controls for the vein systems. The extension fractures form in the stronger, more competent rocks. Higher grade ore shoots generally develop in areas with a greater frequency of extensional structures, or at dilational jogs or flexures in the veins. The mineralization at San Andrés appears to be in an upper level epithermal system as indicated by the hydrothermal alteration patterns, the disseminated style of mineralization, the presence of both gold and silver associated with quartz veining, the presence of active hydrothermal fluid flow at the property, and the actively forming extensional fracture system, which creates the permeability.

 

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7.0Exploration

 

7.1Exploration

 

Since Aura’s acquisition of Minosa on August 25, 2009, exploration activities at the San Andrés Mine have included property-scale geological mapping, road cut channel sampling, geochemical characterization, and geophysical surveys, all conducted by Minosa personnel.

 

In 2010 and 2011, geological mapping and channel sampling were completed in adjacent areas, accompanied by a reverse circulation (RC) drilling program. District-scale prospecting efforts focused on the San Andrés III and IV concessions, where detailed mapping, systematic sampling, and geochemical characterization were conducted. Initial results from this phase indicated strong potential for deeper mineralization.

 

From 2013 to 2020, the exploration programs predominantly consisted of diamond and reverse circulation (RC) drilling.

 

Exploration efforts in 2022 concentrated on reevaluating regional targets to refine the 2023 program. Geochemical sampling, including soil and rock analyses, was conducted in San Andrés IV during the first half of 2022. Additionally, an aeromagnetic survey covering approximately 4,435 hectares was carried out using drones. The survey identified key structural features interpreted as primary controls on mineralization, aiding in the definition of future exploration targets.

 

No exploration activities outside the San Andrés property have been identified.

 

Figure 7-1 illustrates the district-wide San Andrés concessions. Figure 7-2 and Figure 7-3 show the geochemical sampling locations.

 

Brief summaries of the results are as follows:

 

·San Andrés II: No geochemical anomalies were identified due to the area being covered by a tuff layer.

 

·San Andrés III: A new geochemical anomaly was interpreted based on historical soil and rock sampling data. Selected samples were resampled and sent to an external laboratory for further analysis. This anomaly appears to extend from San Andrés IV.

 

·San Andrés V: A few samples exhibited anomalous values, warranting further investigation, including detailed mapping and additional sampling in the vicinity of these anomalies.

 

·San Andrés X: Exploration results were discouraging, and after re-evaluation with updated mapping and sampling, further exploration activities were halted.

 

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Figure 7-1: San Andrés Concessions

 

 

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Figure 7-2: Geochemical Sampling Locations on San Andrés Concessions I, II, III, IV, and V

 

 

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Figure 7-3: Geochemical Sampling Locations for Gold on San Andrés Concessions V, VII, and X

 

 

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7.2Drilling

 

Since 1992, Minosa and its predecessors have drilled a total of 2,494 holes, comprising 464 diamond (DDH) with 60,884 m and 2,030 reverse circulation (RC) with 184,151 m, totalling 244,223 m as summarized in Table 7-1 and illustrated in Figure 7-4. The coordinate system is NAD27 / UTM zone 16N.

 

Table 7-1: Drill Programs Completed at San Andrés Mine

 

Company Year RC Holes DD Core Holes Total
No. of Holes Metres No. of Holes Metres No. of Holes Metres
Fischer-Watt 1992 22 2,717     22 2,717
Greenstone 1994 63 5,008     63 5,008
Greenstone 1996 41 5,921     41 5,921
Greenstone 1997 101 11,601 9 1,324 110 12,925
Greenstone 1998 150 18,438 37 4,536 187 22,974
Minosa 2001 15 1,674     15 1,674
Minosa 2002 49 6,307     49 6,307
Minosa 2005 25 2,280     25 2,280
Yamana 2006 113 17,639 12 2,566 125 20,205
Yamana 2007 59 8,316 28 6,253 87 14,569
Yamana 2008 12 1,900 22 4,839 34 6,739
Minosa-Aura 2010 59 3,304     59 3,304
Minosa-Aura 2011 14 631     14 631
Minosa-Aura 2012 85 8,868     85 8,868
Minosa-Aura 2013 104 11,078     104 11,078
Minosa-Aura 2014 35 3,665     35 3,665
Minosa-Aura 2015 48 4,597     48 4,597
Minosa-Aura 2016 97 10,143     97 10,143
Minosa-Aura 2017 154 9,936 35 3,584 189 13,520
Minosa-Aura 2018 211 9,907 39 3,159 250 12,256
Minosa-Aura 2019 26 1,495 72 5,676 98 7,171
Minosa-Aura 2020 68 4,952 101 9,144 169 14,095
Minosa-Aura 2021 124 7,609 64 12,166 188 19,775
Minosa-Aura 2022 34 3,459 19 2,507 53 5,966
Minosa-Aura 2023 163 10,482 7 1,988 170 12,469
Minosa-Aura 2024 158 12,224 19 3,143 177 15,367
  Total 2,030 184,151 464 60,884 2,494 244,223
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Figure 7-4: Drill Hole Locations

 

 

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Over 80% of the drilling was by RC and the balance was diamond drill holes. Most of the diamond drill holes and RC holes were drilled at steeply inclined 60° to 70° orientations toward the southwest or northeast.

 

RC holes were drilled using 4 ¾ in. tricone bits, and all diamond drill holes were collared using HQ ad deep reduce to NQ size tools. The common drill holes lengths varia from 100 m to 200 m Some deeper core holes go to 200 m to 520 m.

 

Aura’s drilling campaigns are briefly summarized in the following:

 

·An RC drilling program was completed in 2010/2011. Drilling targeted the Twin Hill South, Banana Ridge, Fault A, Cerro Cortez, Buffa Zone, and Agua Caliente areas, totalling 3,935 m. The exploration program helped to develop the geological model and define future targets for infill drilling.

 

·During 2012, a new RC drilling program was commenced in the Cerro Cortez and Esperanza areas for improving Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve definition; this program continued throughout 2013.

 

·During the period of 2014 to 2017, the RC infill drilling campaign conducted by Minosa was aimed to fill the gaps in active mining areas including Cerro Cortez, East Ledge zones.

 

·In 2017 and 2018 diamond drilling also added to the drilling campaign in Minosa in active mining areas such as Cerro Cortez and East Ledge zone and also in some other areas such as Falla A, Banana Ridge, Agua Caliente, Buffa zone, and Esperanza to further delineate these areas within design pits.

 

·During 2019, a total of 7,171 m of drilling, comprising 5,676 m DD and 1,495 RC drilling, were carried out in Cerro Cortez, East Ledge North, Esperanza and Falla A areas.

 

·By the end of 2020, a total of 14,095 m had been drilled in 169 drill holes including 101 diamond drill (9,144 m) and 68 RC (4,952 m) holes. Part of the program was focused on infill drilling with the aim of replacing depletion and to confirm tonnes and grade in the mine plan. In the East Ledge, Banana Ridge and Esperanza zones, the results confirmed the Resource Model grades, which vary between 0.40 g/t Au to 0.87 g/t Au for East Ledge, and values between 0.36 g/t Au to 1.50 g/t Au for Banana Ridge and Esperanza.

 

oIn Esperanza three holes was drilled, which intercepted values between 0.30 g/t Au to 1.00 g/t Au over more than 50 m.

 

oIn East Ledge, Banana Ridge and Falla A, the holes have an average direction of 65/245, dip between -90 to -40 and depth up to 240 m; in Buffa, the holes had an average direction of 60/300, dip between -50° to -75°and depth up to 130 m; and in Esperanza, the holes had an average direction of 95, dip between -50 to 90 and depth up to 235 m.

 

·In 2021, a total of 19,775 m was drilled in 188 drill holes including 64 diamond drill holes (12,166 m) and 124 RC (7,609 m) holes, distributed in four projects: Esperanza – Infill, Sulphide - High grade veins, Extension of ELN, and the condemnation project.

 

oIn Esperanza fourteen holes were drilled (2,785 m) with the objective was replacement and increase of resources. The holes had a dip between -90 to -50 and depth up to 240 m; the oxide zone extended up to 150 m deep and the average grade was between 0.30 g/t Au to 0.50 g/t Au with pockets of up to 3 g/t Au.

 

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oEsperanza - Infill was developed with the objectives of increasing the confidence of the resources in the production zone and defining the oxide and sulphide limit; there are 79 drillings through reverse air that total 4,104 m. It was divided into two stages.

 

oExploration drilling continued in Minosa concession area, with the objectives of extending of the current resource pit in Banana Ridge and Falla A zones, to investigate sulphide - high grade veins project, and certify the absence of mineralization in areas outside the pit.

 

oIn Banana Ridge and Falla A, drilling results showed continuity of mineralization and its extension with average grades of 0.20 g/t Au to 0.50 g/t Au with widths between 20 m to 60 m.

 

oSulphide – High grade veins project – 5,364 m were drilled in 24 holes with depths up to 350 m. The results show intercepts of high-grade sulphides with intervals between 0.35 m to 4.50 m and grades between 2.80 g/t Au to 56.10 g/t Au, identifying two structures with high potential.

 

oThe condemnation project checked and certified the absence of mineralization north and south of Banana Ridge and Pan de Azucar backfill. A total of 3,331 m was drilled in 36 holes.

 

·During 2022, RC drilling totaled 3,459 m in 34 holes and diamond drilling totalled 2,507 m in 19 drill holes to increase confidence and fill the structural gaps in the alteration models.

 

·Exploration activities during 2023 focused on exploration drilling to test continuity of historical sulphide high grade area zone in the San Andrés Mine and the sulphide mineralization. A total of 1,988 m was drilled in seven diamond drill holes in Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo, and 10,842 m drilled in 163 RC drill holes in the main corridor.

 

·During 2024 exploration focus on the infill the Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo main high-grade corridor and the oxide-mixed-sulphur delimitation, A total of 3,143 m drilled in nineteen diamond drill holes and 12,224 m in 158 RC drill holes

 

The average core recovery was 89%, as the rock is highly fractured as a result of regional tectonic setting. Sample recovery varies according to the level of oxidation level from 86% in oxide, 90% transitional, and 94% in sulphur. The gold content is not related to the core recovery, as illustrated in Figure 7-5. In the SLR QP’s opinion the core sample recovery is acceptable for the purposes of Mineral Resource estimation. Based on the reconciliation results discussed in Section 14 Mineral Resources, the diamond drill hole sampling results may understate the grade compared to the RC and blast hole sampling results. Further study is needed to investigate the sampling bias among hole types used in the resource model.

 

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Figure 7-5: Core Recovery vs Gold Grade

 

 

7.3Hydrogeology Data

 

Hydrogeological data for the San Andrés Mine has been collected through dedicated hydrogeological drilling, piezometer installations, and pump tests conducted across the property. These data sources have been used to assess groundwater conditions, permeability, and dewatering requirements, supporting mine planning and geotechnical stability evaluations.

 

7.3.1Data Collection Program

 

Hydrogeological Drill Holes

 

A series of hydrogeological boreholes have been drilled historically to evaluate groundwater levels, permeability, and water-bearing structures within the mine area.

 

The latest boreholes targeted key fault zones and fractured rock units to improve understanding of groundwater flow dynamics. There was a total of six hydrogeological drill holes completed in the most recent study, with a range of depths from 11.35 m to 32.40 m. The bedrock depth ranged from 7 m to 20 m depending on lithology. The depths are listed by borehole in Table 7-2.

 

Table 7-2: Recent Hydrogeological Boreholes

 

Borehole ID Total Depth
(m)
Bedrock Depth
(m)
Breccia Rhyolite
BH-P6-01 11.35 7 Andesite
BH-P6-02 32.40 20 Phyllite
BH-P6-03 17.00 11 Rhyolitic Tuff
BH-P6-04 25.90 19 Red Bed
BH-P6-05 24.50 17.5 Brecciated Rhyolite
BH-P6-06 16.85 12  
Source: SRK 2021.  
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Piezometer Installations

 

To monitor real-time groundwater levels, six piezometers were installed at various elevations within the mine area. These installations provide monitoring of the water table and hydrostatic pressures, supporting dewatering efforts and geotechnical stability assessments. The installation elevations range from 890 masl to 1,020 masl, as listed in Table 7-3.

 

Table 7-3: Installation Depth of Piezometers

 

Piezometer ID Installation Elevation (masl)
PZ-001 975
PZ-002 1020
PZ-003 924
PZ-004 998
PZ-005 890
PZ-006 893
Source: SRK 2021.

 

Pumping and Permeability Tests

 

Step-drawdown and constant-rate pump tests were conducted on selected boreholes to assess hydraulic conductivity and recharge potential.

 

Results suggest that water inflow is predominantly fracture-controlled, with measured permeability values ranging from 1.0 × 10⁶ to 1.0 × 10⁵ m/s.

 

Seasonal fluctuations affect groundwater recharge, with higher water levels observed during the rainy season.

 

Table 7-4 provides a summary of recent hydrogeological data sources.

 

Table 7-4: Summary of Recent Hydrogeological Data

 

Data Type Number of Tests Depth Range
(m)
Purpose
Hydrogeological Drill Holes 6 11.35 – 32.40 Determine groundwater flow and permeability
Piezometers Installed 6 890 – 1,020 (masl) Monitor real-time water table fluctuations
Pumping Tests     Assess aquifer transmissivity and recharge
Permeability Tests     Evaluate hydraulic conductivity

 

Further hydrogeological investigations are planned to refine the long-term dewatering strategy. These include the installation of additional monitoring wells and test holes in 2025 to improve the understanding of groundwater flow conditions and support pit slope stability assessments.

 

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7.4Geotechnical Data

 

Geotechnical investigations for the San Andrés Mine have been conducted through dedicated borehole drilling, laboratory testing, structural mapping, and numerical modeling to assess rock mass quality, slope stability, and ground control parameters.

 

7.4.1Geotechnical Drill Holes

 

A total of six geotechnical boreholes were drilled to characterize rock mass strength, discontinuity conditions, and in situ stress regimes. The boreholes targeted key geotechnical domains, fault zones, and lithological contacts. These boreholes are summarized above in Table 7-2.

 

7.4.2Rock Mass Classification

 

The geotechnical characterization classified the rock mass into five geotechnical units (GU) based on lithology, alteration, and rock quality. These GUs are summarized in Table 7-5.

 

Table 7-5: Summary of Geotechnical Units.

 

Geotechnical Unit Lithology Cohesion (kPa) Friction Angle (°) RMR76
GU1 Argillic Rhyolite 50 25 55
GU2 Breccias 80 28 50
GU3 Andesite 120 32 65
GU4 Phyllite 70 26 45
GU5 Silicified Rhyolite 150 34 75
Source: SRK 2021.

 

Key observations on the GU are listed:

 

·Rock Quality Designation (RQD): Ranges from 40% (breccias) to 85% (silicified rhyolite).

 

·Geomechanical conditions: Andesite and silicified rhyolite offer the best stability, while argillic rhyolite and breccias present localized weakness zones.

 

·Structural controls: Major faults (e.g., Falla A) significantly influence rock mass stability, requiring specific slope design adjustments.

 

7.4.3Laboratory Testing and Strength Parameters

 

Comprehensive uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), multiaxial compression (TXT), and direct shear tests were performed to assess intact rock strength, as summarized in Table 7-6.

 

Table 7-6: Summary of Geotechnical Laboratory Testing and Strength Parameters

 

Lithology Number of UCS Tests Average UCS
(MPa)
Standard Deviation
(MPa)
Breccia Rhyolite (Silicified) 4 41 24
Breccia Rhyolite (Argillic) 5 3.4 1.1
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Rhyolitic Tuff 35 10 5
Red Bed 50 10 6
Andesite 35 25 10
Source: SRK 2021.
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8.0Sample Preparation, Analyses, and Security

 

8.1Sampling Method and Approach

 

8.1.1Previous Work (2005 – 2008)

 

Chlumsky, Armbrust and Meyer, LLC (CAM) documented the RC drilling procedures in a technical report prepared for RNC, covering drilling programs conducted before October 2005 (CAM 2005). The sampling method protocols for 2005 through 2008 that are described below have been compiled from information provided in Aura (2012). The QP is unaware of specific details regarding sampling methods and protocols used prior to 2005.

 

8.1.1.1Sampling Method and Approach

 

The Mineral Resource estimation relied primarily on data from RC drilling, with a smaller contribution from core drilling. Sampling and logging were conducted along the entire length of each drill hole. Although surface channel sampling was extensively carried out at the Twin Hills deposit, these data were not considered in the Mineral Resource model. Similarly, blast hole assay data from production drilling and geological mapping of the East Ledge pit were excluded from the estimation process.

 

The drill hole database used in the estimation included 740 holes, with a total of 66,195 samples. To maintain consistency in the resource estimation, samples collected from surface exposures for mapping purposes, as well as data from holes drilled during pit excavation, were omitted.

 

8.1.1.2Sampling Method for RC Drilling

 

Sampling methods for RC drilling were previously reported by CAM (2005) and reviewed in subsequent reports by Scott Wilson RPA (2007). Drilling campaigns were designed to sample the oxide and mixed zones extensively, with holes typically ranging from 150 m to 200 m in depth, often terminating within the sulphide zone. Samples were collected continuously along the entire length of each drill hole, from the collar to the end, at consistent intervals of 1.5 m (5 ft). The sampling protocols employed by Yamana for both RC and core drilling closely followed the procedures previously established by CAM. These procedures are outlined below:

 

·RC drill cuttings are collected from the cyclone discharge into 5-gal plastic buckets. Each sample represents 5 ft, or 1.5 m, of drilling. The drill rods are in 10 ft (3 m) lengths and the rod holder is marked at the point when the rod is halfway through the run. At that point, a new sample is collected.

 

·The weight of the chips collected in the buckets is measured and recorded in the drill log. Sample recoveries are estimated from weight of the sample compared to the calculated weight from the volume of a 1.5 m, or 5 ft, sample interval.

 

·When drilling dry, the recovered sample is passed from the bucket through a Gilson splitter and reduced to two samples of about five kilograms each. Splits are retained in poly bags with a sequence number, hole number, and depth.

 

·When drilling wet, a rotary wet splitter was used to produce the two samples. The wet samples are passed through the Gilson splitter if further size reduction is necessary.

 

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·One sample (“A”) was transported to the assay laboratory at the mine site for sample preparation. The other sample (“B”) remains on site in a storage facility for future reference. Every 20th sample is split for a duplicate assay check.

 

·In addition to the duplicate samples, standards and blanks are inserted to assess for sample accuracy, contamination, and assay accuracy.

 

Sample recovery was estimated to range between 80% and 85% based on the ratio of the measured sample weight to the calculated theoretical weight. A review conducted by Scott Wilson RPA of 20 RC drill holes identified eight instances where no sample cuttings were recovered. Despite this, recovery across the drilled intervals, including approximately 3,000 m with no sample collection, was estimated to exceed 99%.

 

8.1.1.3Sampling Method for Core Drilling

 

The drill core was extracted directly into the core box by the driller. The core barrel length was 10 ft (3.1 m); however, incomplete recovery often occurred due to blockages or other operational limitations. The end of each core run was identified using wooden blocks, with the depth (metreage) clearly marked on each block to ensure precise documentation. The core was not oriented during the drilling process.

 

Core boxes were covered immediately upon filling, and each box was labeled with the drill hole number and the corresponding depth intervals to ensure traceability. Sample intervals were defined by a geologist based on observable changes in lithology or structural features. These intervals ranged from 0.5 m to 3.0 m in length, depending on geological variability. Sample intervals were clearly marked on the core before splitting to maintain consistency and minimize errors.

 

The core was split lengthwise using a diamond saw. One half of the split core was placed in a plastic sample bag, and each bag was labeled with the drill hole number, sample number, and depth interval. The remaining half of the core was stored in the core box and retained on site in a secure, covered facility for future reference and verification purposes.

 

Quality assurance and quality control measures included the systematic insertion of duplicate samples, blanks, and certified reference materials at regular intervals to monitor analytical accuracy and precision.

 

8.1.2Current Work (2010 - 2024)

 

8.1.2.1Sampling Method for Blast Holes

 

During double-shift operations, sampling is carried out with the driller and two assistants to enhance productivity and maintain sample integrity. Drilling should penetrate approximately one foot (0.3 m) into firm ground before sample trays are set to avoid soil contamination. After drilling six metres, the team removes the sample trays and buckets from the fines collector, ensuring no sub-drilling material is included, and prepares the detritus and fines for sampling and quartering.

 

For single shifts or if samples are wet due to rain, trays are not used; instead, samples are collected directly using a shovel and without a Jones splitter. Approximately 6 kg to 9 kg of material is bagged, and equipment is cleaned between samples to avoid contamination. Once bagged, samples are sealed and labeled near the corresponding drill hole.

 

When transferring equipment between sites, each sampling site resets its numbering (e.g., BR04701-001, SC03734-001), and geological staff label samples with a unique identifier

 

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including area, level, and sequence number (e.g., SC03825-001, where SC is the area, 038 the level number, 25 yard number at that level, and 001 is the sample number in sequential order, independent for each blast).

 

The geology personnel document each hole's rock type and alteration, placing standards, blanks, and duplicates for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC). Standards are inserted every 100 samples, blanks every 50, and duplicates every 25. After tagging and identifying standards and blanks, samples are placed in wheelbarrows (6-10 samples at a time) and moved to a loading area for vehicle transport.

 

Samples are organized in the vehicle by number (up to 100 per load) and the sampling list (shipment form) is completed on site. The list includes collection date, bank source, consecutive ID, analysis type, total samples, and delivery/receipt details. Samples are delivered to the mine laboratory, unloaded in sequential order, and verified by laboratory staff against the shipment form. Survey coordinates are recorded for each sample and shared with the Technical Services department for database entry.

 

Figure 8-1 shows a schematic flow chart of sample collection and surveying protocol.

 

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Figure 8-1: Schematic Flow Chart for Sample Collection and Surveying

 

 

Source: Aura 2023.

 

8.1.2.2Sampling Method for Core Drilling

 

The core tube was emptied directly into the core box by the driller. Although the core tube had a length of 10 ft (3.1 m), it was frequently not completely filled due to obstructions. The end of each core run was identified using wooden markers labeled with the corresponding meterage. Core orientation was not conducted. Once a core box was filled, it was promptly covered and marked with the hole number and depth information. Minosa personnel then transported the core boxes to the logging facility at the sample storage site, white core logging was performed under proper lighting conditions.

 

Sample intervals were defined by a geologist based on lithological or structural variations, ranging from 0.5 m to 3.0 m in length. These intervals were distinctly marked on the core before splitting. The core was subsequently cut in half using a diamond saw, with one half placed in a labeled plastic bag containing the hole number, sample number, and depth details. The

 

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remaining half was retained in the core box and stored on-site in a covered facility for future reference.

 

All sampling activities were carried out by company personnel. To ensure quality control, duplicate samples, blanks, and certified reference materials were systematically inserted at predefined intervals as part of the QA/QC program. The collected core samples were initially transported by Minosa employees to the company’s offices in Santa Rosa de Copán before being dispatched via an independent courier service to CAS for sample preparation and assay.

 

8.2Sample Preparation and Analyses

 

8.2.1Previous Work (1992 – 2008)

 

Details of the analytical methods conducted prior to the 2010 drilling season are summarized here, with full information available in the Aura (2012).

 

8.2.1.11992 – 2005

 

During Fischer-Watt’s 1992 drilling program, American Assay Laboratories (AAL) in Sparks, Nevada, USA, was used for sample analysis. Greenstone initially used Chemex Labs in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, but switched to Barringer Assay Lab in Reno, Nevada, USA, in January 1998, starting with RC hole SA-232 and core hole SC-5. All three are independent laboratories. AAL is ISO-17025 accredited. The SLR QP has no information available regarding the accreditation status of Chemex Labs and Barringer Assay during this time period.

 

In April 1997, a new protocol was implemented to reduce air freight costs. Samples were first sent to independent McClelland Labs in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, for partial preparation. At McClelland, 5 kg samples were dried, crushed to -10 mesh, and subsampled to 800 g to 1,000 g. The subsample was forwarded to AAL for final preparation and analysis.

 

All samples were analyzed for gold, with most also analyzed for silver, using fire assay (FA) methods with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for gold determination. Analyses employed a 29.162 g (1 assay-ton) sample. For most programs (excluding Fischer-Watt), results were reported in g/t Au. Original assay certificates were archived on site. Sample preparation and analysis procedures adhered to industry standards and were summarized by CAM (2005) as follows:

 

·Samples were dried in an oven at 140°F.

 

·Samples were crushed to minus 10-mesh, ensuring >80% passed through a 10-mesh screen.

 

·A 200 g to 400 g subsample was split using a Jones Riffle Splitter, with remaining reject material bagged and saved.

 

·Subsamples were pulverized in a ring-mill pulverizer, achieving at least 90% passing a 150-mesh screen.

 

·Pulverized samples were homogenized on a rolling cloth, and a 29.162 g (1 assay-ton) sample was taken for FA.

 

Gold analysis followed standard FA techniques. Samples were fused with a natural flux, inquarted with 4 mg of gold-free silver, and cupelled. Silver beads were digested in nitric acid for 1.5 hours, followed by hydrochloric acid to dissolve gold into solution. Samples were diluted to 10 mL, homogenized, and analyzed by AAS.

 

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Silver analysis involved digesting prepared samples in a hot nitric-hydrochloric acid mixture, reducing to dryness, and transferring to a volumetric flask with a 25% hydrochloric acid matrix. Solutions were analyzed by AAS.

 

For the East Ledge drilling programs (2001–2002), Minosa analyzed samples at the San Andrés mine laboratory using procedures consistent with blast hole drill samples. These adhered to industry standards and included:

 

·Drying samples in an oven at 140°C.

 

·Crushing samples to minus ¼-inch using a jaw crusher.

 

·Splitting a 50 g to 60 g subsample, with remaining rejects bagged and saved.

 

·Subsamples were pulverized in a ring-mill pulveriser, achieving at least 90% passing a 150-mesh screen.

 

·Homogenizing pulverized samples and taking a subsample for FA.

 

The mine laboratory followed the same FA and AAS methods for gold and silver analysis as the North American labs. Sample security and preparation met industry standards, as confirmed by CAM (2005).

 

8.2.1.22006 – 2008

 

Starting in February 2006, all exploration samples were submitted for gold analysis to the CAS laboratory in Tegucigalpa, operated by Custom Analytical Services, Inc., based in Washington State. RC samples continued to be prepared at the mine laboratory, while core samples were sent to CAS for preparation and analysis. CAS was not an accredited laboratory.

 

Sample preparation and analysis at CAS consisted of:

 

·Samples were dried at a temperature of 60°C.

 

·Crushed to -10 mesh and split in a Jones Riffle Splitter until 250 g to 300 g.

 

·Subsamples were pulverized with a ring and puck mill to 90% passing -150 mesh.

 

·Manual screen analysis tests were performed on sample pulps, one in every 15 samples, to ensure that proper grinding was maintained.

 

·Pressurized air and a silica (glass) rinse were used between each sample to clean the milling rings and bowls to ensure no cross-contamination occurred.

 

·Coarse rejects were stored indoors for a period of 30 days free of charge. All sample pulps were stored for up to sixty days at no charge.

 

The analytical procedures at CAS were as follows:

 

·A 30-g pulp was analyzed by FA with AA.

 

·If the gold assay result was greater than 1,000 ppb Au, the sample was re-assayed by FA with gravimetric finish.

 

·Each set of samples assayed (usually 28 in a set) included a blank, a standard, and two random repeats. The controls were used for internal purposes. All QA/QC controls were reported.

 

In March 2006, prior to restarting the exploration drilling program after the Mine was acquired by Minosa, procedural reviews were conducted at the San Andrés mine laboratory and the CAS laboratory in Tegucigalpa. On March 30, 2006, Rod Hanson, a sampling consultant, along with

 

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David Turner and Sergio Brandão Silva, Senior Geologists for Minosa, conducted a due diligence visit to the CAS laboratory. Minosa and its consultant deemed the equipment and procedures at CAS satisfactory.

 

8.2.2Current Work (2010 – 2024)

 

The San Andrés Mine utilizes the in-house Minosa Laboratory (LMI) as its primary assay laboratory. While LMI is not certified, it routinely incorporates quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols, including the insertion of blanks, standards, and duplicates into each batch of samples analyzed. Results from internal QA/QC checks are included in the laboratory’s analytical reports.

 

Control sample analysis data are stored both in the laboratory’s records and the San Andrés Digital Database. All assay results and Certificates of Analysis from the laboratory are delivered in digital format to the San Andrés database manager for integration.

 

The 2014 NI 43-101 Technical Report (Aura 2014) describes the sample handling and analytical procedures implemented during the 2012–2013 period. Aura (2014) reports that most samples from the 2012–2013 drilling campaign were processed at the mine laboratory, except for 15 drill holes (MO-12-41 to MO-12-55), which were sent to Inspectorate America Corporate (INS). Samples were transported to the INS preparation laboratory in Guatemala for processing before being sent to Reno, USA, for analysis.

 

The INS Laboratory operates as part of the Bureau Veritas Group, which holds ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifications and is independent of Aura.

 

The INS laboratory followed procedures comparable to those used at LMI and served as Minosa’s QA/QC check assay facility. LMI applied identical sample preparation and analytical methods for both blasthole and exploration samples, with all analyses conducted exclusively for gold. Since late 2012, both production and exploration samples have been analyzed using fire assay and hot cyanide leach methods with atomic absorption (AA) finish. Prior to late 2012, exploration samples were analyzed solely by fire assay. To mitigate cross-contamination risks, exploration samples were processed and analyzed in separate batches from production samples.

 

The sample preparation and analytical procedures are listed:

 

·Samples were initially dried at 140°F, then crushed to approximately -¼ inch using a small jaw crusher.

 

·A 300 g sub-sample was separated using a riffle splitter, while the remaining -10 mesh fraction was bagged and retained by the exploration team for QA/QC verification and external checks.

 

·The 300 g split was pulverized using a ring-mill pulverizer, with a target specification of at least 90% passing a 150-mesh screen.

 

·The pulverized material was homogenized using a rolling cloth, and a split was collected for fire assay.

 

·Gold analysis was performed using standard fire assay techniques. Samples were fused with a flux containing inquarted gold-free silver, followed by cupellation. The resulting silver beads were digested in nitric acid for 1.5 hours to remove silver, followed by hydrochloric acid digestion to bring gold into solution. The final solution was cooled, diluted to a 10 ml volume, homogenized, and analyzed for gold by AA.

 

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·For hot cyanide leach analysis, a 10 g aliquot was placed in a vial, and 20 g of cyanide solution (10,000 ppm) was added. The sample was agitated using a Thermo Scientific Precision agitator for approximately one hour, followed by centrifugation in a Thermo Scientific Heraeus Megafuge 16 for three minutes. The resulting solution was then analyzed by AA.

 

The actual sample preparation and analytical processes at LMI include:

 

·Samples were dried at 175°C and coarsely crushed to 75% passing through a 10 ASTM # and 250 g split was pulverization to 95% passing 140 ASTM# mesh using a Jones splitter.

 

·Gold was assayed in the laboratory using two different methods, as follows:

 

oMethod Au-FA30: Gold was assayed using Fire Assay (FA) digestion with an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) finish. A 30-gram sub-sample was used for the assay. The lower detection limits for gold are 0.01 ppm and the over limit is 10 ppm.

 

oMethod Au-CN10: Gold was also assayed using Cyanidation (CN) digestion with an AAS finish. A 10-gram sub-sample was used for this assay. This method also provides detection limits for gold ranging from less than 0.01 ppm to greater than 10 ppm.

 

During the 2024 site visit, the SLR QP visited the Minosa Laboratory (LMI), observing that the equipment, sample management, and laboratory protocols are appropriate. The Minosa geological team checks the laboratory precision with SGS laboratory in Peru. The validation methodology is appropriate, as further discussed in Section 8.5.

 

The SLR QP recommends reducing the dried temperature to 105°C and continue the soluble cyanide gold assay for production blast hole assays and plant metallurgical control.

 

The SLR QP recommends determining the sample granulometry of the 10# sample before the first split and incorporating this in the sampling protocol.

 

8.3Density Determinations

 

A total of 15,265 density samples were collected from 1997 to 2023 for San Andrés, as summarized in Table 8-1, which presents the density sample selection by year, oxidation and measured.

 

Figure 8-2 show the 2024 density sample selection.

 

Table 8-1: Density Measurements

 

  Total Oxide Transitional / Mixed Sulphide Other
Year # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3)
1997 163 2.29 91 2.18 5 2.57 67 2.43    
1998 974 2.31 525 2.27 115 2.34 333 2.35 1 2.02
2006 32 2.52 14 2.51 5 2.53 13 2.54    
2007 44 2.51 13 2.47 2 2.54 29 2.53    
2008 26 2.52 5 2.49 2 2.54 19 2.52    
2020 5,315 2.35 3,144 2.27 403 2.32 1,739 2.50 29 2.30
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  Total Oxide Transitional / Mixed Sulphide Other
Year # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3) # Samples Density (g/cm3)
2021 6,729 2.42 1,798 2.29 371 2.34 4,529 2.48 31 2.28
2022 929 2.31 769 2.30 91 2.33 69 2.29    
2023 1,053 2.47 242 2.30 16 2.25 795 2.53    
Total 15,265 2.38 6,601 2.28 1,010 2.33 7,593 2.48 61 2.28

 

Figure 8-2: Density Sample Selection

 

 

8.3.1Previous Work

 

The historical density procedures are described in detail in Aura (2011) and are briefly outlined here.

 

Specific gravity determinations for the East Ledge and Twin Hills deposit areas, as reported by CAM (2005), were performed using the “weight in air – weight in water” method. Samples were air-dried for two to four weeks before measurements. Using a balance, the weight of the sample was recorded in air, followed by weighing the sample in water. For the latter, a cradle suspended from the balance base was submerged in a barrel of water, and the sample's weight in water was calculated as the difference between the cradle/sample weight in water and the weight of the empty cradle in water.

 

Moderately to strongly argillaceous samples were wrapped in plastic to prevent water absorption in pore spaces, fractures, or argillic alteration minerals. Tests were performed on whole core pieces.

 

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8.3.1.1East Ledge Specific Gravity Determinations

 

In 1998, Greenstone measured specific gravity on 460 core samples from eight PQ-diameter metallurgical holes and twelve HQ-diameter exploration holes in the Water Tank Hill area. Samples were categorized by principal mineralized and barren rock types, with an overall average specific gravity calculated for each.

 

The data were further refined to evaluate the impact of mineralization on specific gravity. Mineralized samples (>0.50 g/t Au), typically strongly silicified or quartz-veined, were segregated from the general dataset, and a separate average specific gravity was calculated for these samples.

 

Since the geology of the Water Tank Hill and East Ledge pits was very similar, additional specific gravity tests were not performed at East Ledge, and the values obtained from Water Tank Hill were applied to East Ledge.

 

8.3.1.2Twin Hills Specific Gravity Determinations

 

In 1998, Greenstone conducted specific gravity measurements on 191 core samples from ten HQ-diameter exploration holes in the Twin Hills area. Results were calculated separately for oxide and mixed zones.

 

·In the oxide zone, 151 samples were tested, 140 of which had rock types coded. The average density was 2.25 g/cm3, with a standard deviation of 0.15.

 

·In the mixed zone, 40 samples were tested, all of which had rock types coded. The average density was 2.37 g/cm3, with a standard deviation of 0.29.

 

Although the mixed zone showed a higher specific gravity of 2.37, a limited number of samples were tested from this zone, and there is a lack of production data for this material. As a result, a uniform specific gravity of 2.25 g/cm3 was applied across all rock and ore types in the model.

 

8.3.1.3Gravity Determinations 2020,2021,2022,2023

 

From 2020 to 2023, Minosa took a total of 14,056 samples for in-house density sampling, with samples taken for each core hole every 1.5 m.

 

The 2024 density sampling program is in progress and was not incorporated in the 2024 Mineral Resource estimation.

 

8.4Sample Security

 

8.4.1Previous Work

 

RC drill samples were transported from the San Andrés Mine to Minosa’s Santa Rosa de Copán office by company vehicle and subsequently shipped to CAS de Honduras (CAS) in Tegucigalpa via courier. A work request form accompanied each shipment, and CAS verified sample numbers upon receipt, notifying Minosa of any discrepancies. Assay results were transmitted electronically, with signed certificates delivered by courier to Santa Rosa de Copán for archiving in the mine’s exploration records. Bulk rejects were returned to Santa Rosa de Copán by courier and subsequently transferred to the mine's storage facility.

 

Split core samples were transported by Minosa employees to the company’s offices in Santa Rosa de Copán and then sent to CAS via an independent courier for preparation and assay. The core boxes were transferred by company employees to a core logging facility at the sample storage site.

 

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All sampling, including RC and core samples, was conducted by company personnel. A secure chain of custody was maintained from the drill site to the CAS assay laboratory. Drill core and RC samples were stored in a secure facility at the mine site.

 

8.4.2Current Work

 

Check samples requiring preparation were transported by ADL, a logistics company, from the site to INS’s sample preparation laboratory in Guatemala City. Once prepared, the pulp samples were shipped to INS’s analytical laboratory in Reno. Pulverized check samples were sent directly to the Reno facility without additional preparation.

 

Each shipment was accompanied by a work request form, and upon receipt, INS verified the sample numbers against the documentation. Any discrepancies were reported to Minosa via email. Once analyses were completed, assay results were transmitted electronically, and original signed assay certificates were sent to the site via courier. Samples, including RC, split core, and pulp samples, are stored in a secure facility at the mine site (Figure 8-3).

 

Figure 8-3: Sample Storage Facility

 

 

The SLR QP is of the opinion that the sample security procedures at the Mine comply with industry standards.

 

8.5Quality Assurance and Quality Control

 

Quality assurance consists of evidence that the assay data has been prepared to a degree of precision and accuracy within generally accepted limits for the sampling and analytical method(s) to support its use in a mineral resource estimate. Quality control consists of procedures used to ensure that an adequate level of quality is maintained in the process of collecting, preparing, and assaying the exploration drilling samples. In general, QA/QC programs are designed to prevent or detect contamination and allow assaying (analytical), precision (repeatability), and accuracy to be quantified. In addition, a QA/QC program can disclose the overall sampling-assaying variability of the sampling method itself.

 

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8.5.1Previous Work

 

This section synthesizes the QA/QC protocols followed up to 2010, as detailed in Aura (2011).

 

8.5.1.1Pre-2006 Drilling

 

Fisher-Watt submitted samples for assay to the AAL in Sparks, Nevada. Details of any QA/QC programs for this work remain unknown. Greenstone submitted samples to Chemex in Mississauga, Ontario, from 1994 to 1997, but subsequently used Barringer Assay Laboratory in Reno, Nevada, for samples collected in 1998. From 2001 to 2005, Minosa primarily used the San Andrés mine assay laboratory, with some check samples sent to CAS in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

 

East Ledge

 

Two separate check assay programs were conducted on RC drill samples in 2002.

 

The first program involved submitting a sample split to the laboratory concurrently with the primary sample. This procedure was implemented for all 47 drill holes from the 2002 drilling campaign.

 

The second program commenced after the first 14 holes were drilled, and their assay results were reviewed. It was observed that check samples submitted at the same time as primary samples showed good correlation, whereas check samples submitted later had poorer correlation. Starting from the 15th hole of the campaign, a second duplicate sample was submitted at least two days after the primary sample and the first duplicate.

 

CAM (2005) reviewed the QA/QC data for drilling at East Ledge. After conducting statistical analyses and verifying data entry, CAM concluded that the exploration database was prepared to industry standards and was suitable for developing geological and grade models.

 

Twin Hills

 

Check assay programs for the Twin Hills drill data were reported by CAM (Armbrust et al. 2005) to have been conducted in four phases:

 

·In 1995, a check-assay program on RC drill samples involved taking one random 1.5 m duplicate sample approximately every 100 m and submitting it to either AAL or Chemex Labs for assay. Duplicate assays showed strong correlation with the original assays.

 

·In early 1998, Greenstone initiated a second check assay program on 1,544 duplicate samples from 136 drill holes (SA-149 through SA-285) from the 1997–1998 RC drilling programs. These samples, which included holes collared at Twin Hills and nearby prospects, consisted of one random duplicate taken every six to ten metres (15% of total samples). Statistical analysis performed by Mine Development Associates (MDA) demonstrated excellent correlation between original and duplicate assays, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 for gold and 0.94 for silver.

 

·Eighty-six pulp samples from Chemex were sent to Barringer, and 92 pulps were sent from Barringer to Chemex to evaluate inter-laboratory variability. Additionally, 118 coarse rejects were sent from McClelland Labs in Tegucigalpa to CAS Labs in Tegucigalpa and analyzed by both Barringer and CAS to assess the sample preparation procedures at McClelland. Results demonstrated a good correlation coefficient for gold (r = 0.950–0.997) between labs, confirming assay reproducibility within industry standards.

 

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·Metallic screen assays were performed on 47 samples to check for coarse gold. Approximately 4% of the total gold was in the +150-mesh fraction. However, MDA concluded that this did not affect assay reproducibility.

 

8.5.1.22006 - 2008 Drilling

 

Standard Reference Material

 

During drilling conducted by Yamana from 2006 to 2008, six certified standard reference materials (SRMs) were inserted into the sample stream at a rate of 1 in 20 samples. These SRMs were procured from Geostats Pty of Australia and had gold grades ranging from 0.33 g/t Au to 6.83 g/t Au.

 

The CAS laboratory, in general, underestimated the expected values of the SRMs:

 

·Standards 1 and 2 were underestimated by approximately 10%.

 

·Standards 3, 4, and 5 were underestimated by approximately 3%.

 

·Standard 6 was underestimated by only 1%.

 

Despite these discrepancies, the check assay results between CAS and Minosa, as well as CAS and ACME, showed good correlation.

 

Blank Samples

 

Minosa inserted blank samples at regular intervals within the sample stream. Overall results confirmed acceptable performance, indicating minimal cross-contamination between samples during preparation or analysis.

 

Duplicate Samples

 

As per the RC drilling sample collection methodology, Minosa collected two samples from the RC cuttings: Sample “A” was sent for analysis, while Sample “B” was stored. A duplicate sample was collected from Sample “B” every 10th sample and submitted for assay. Results of duplicate sampling demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.977) and comparable mean grades between the original and duplicate samples.

 

Check Assay

 

Between 2006 and 2008, CAS split every 10th sample and submitted these to both Minosa (the mine laboratory) and the independent ACME Analytical Laboratories (Vancouver) Ltd. The comparison of assays between CAS and Minosa, and CAS and ACME, showed strong correlation, with coefficients better than 0.96. The mean grades of the check assays were similar, indicating consistent results among the laboratories.

 

These findings supported the conclusion by J. Britt Reid et al. (Aura 2012) that CAS assay results were sufficiently reliable for use in Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimation.

 

8.5.2Current Work (2010 - 2024)

 

The Minosa QA/QC program included submittal of both blind and non-blind control samples into the sample stream being analyzed by the laboratory.

 

The QA/QC program mandates the insertion of control samples within each batch submitted for analysis, as outlined below:

 

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·Certified Reference Materials (CRMs): One high-grade and one low-grade or medium-grade CRM in every analytical batch of 40 samples (approximate insertion rate of 5%).

 

·Blank Samples are inserted at a rate of 1 in 20 (5% insertion), primarily after mineralized intervals, to detect contamination.

 

·Duplicate Samples are inserted at a rate of 1 in 20 (approximately 5%), including field duplicates (quarter-core), coarse, and pulp duplicates (splits of pulverized material).

 

·Check Assays: Check assays were performed between 2012 and 2013, and again in 2024, with a total of 1,958 samples analyzed.

 

The acceptance criteria and protocols for failures are presented as follows:

 

·CRMs: A batch fails automatically if any CRM assay result exceeds three standard deviations from the CRM’s certified mean. The entire batch must be re-assayed. CRM trend analysis is performed to monitor bias. If trends indicate possible bias, the laboratory is contacted to resolve the issue.

 

·Blanks: If blank assays exceed three times the detection limit, ten samples surrounding the blank are automatically re-assayed.

 

·Duplicates: Field duplicates are not used to determine failure of assay certificates but are reviewed to monitor precision and variability.

 

The control samples account for approximately 16% of the total samples. Table 8-2 presents a summary of the project's QC submittals by year.

 

Table 8-2: San Andrés QC Submittals: 2010 to 2024

 

Phase/ Year Primary Samples Blanks CRM Field Duplicates Coarse Duplicates Pulp Duplicates Check Assay Overall Insertion Rate
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Historical
(1992 - 2008)
67,396 -   -   -   - - - - - - -
2010 2,168 57 2% 25 1% 43 2% - - - - - - 5%
2011 414 68 12% 34 6% 70 12% - - - - - - 29%
2012 5,674 92 1% 191 3% 132 2% 134 2% - - 159 2% 11%
2013 7,269 211 2% 580 6% 300 3% 54 1% 452 5% 442 5% 22%
2014 2,405 88 2% 255 6% 492 12% 436 11% 262 7% - - 39%
2015 3,009 121 2% 250 5% 558 12% 518 11% 386 8% - - 38%
2016 6,615 237 3% 525 7% - - - - - - - - 10%
2017 8,930 333 3% 618 6% - - - - - - - - 10%
2018 8,128 320 4% 510 6% - - - - - - - - 9%
2019 4,814 133 3% 201 4% - - - - - - - - 6%
2020 9,203 358 4% 640 6% - - - - - - - - 10%
2021 12,785 404 3% 882 6% - - - - - - - - 9%
2022 3,883 147 3% 324 6% 382 7% 252 5% 433 8%   - 28%
2023 8,198 255 3% 582 6% 416 4% - - - - - - 13%
2024 7,393 232 3% 540 6% 426 5% - - - - 1,958 19% 30%
Grand Total
(2010 - 2024)
90,888 3,056 3% 6,157 6% 2,819 3% 1,394 1% 1,533 1% 2,559 26% 16%
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Observations from SLR’s review of the San Andrés QA/QC database, encompassing data from 2010 to the 2024 drilling campaign, are presented in the following discussion.

 

Certified Reference Material

 

Results of the regular submission of CRMs (standards) are used to identify potential issues with specific sample batches and long-term biases associated with the primary assay laboratory. Over the San Andrés Mine’s history, a total of 6,157 CRMs from Geostats Pty Ltd. were submitted to LMI Laboratory, comprising 31 different CRM types.

 

The performance of these CRMs, summarized in Table 8-3, was evaluated using control limits set at ±3 standard deviations (SD) above or below the expected values.

 

All CRMs were initially reviewed for overall performance using z-score plots, which included all CRM series, as showed in Figure 8-4. Most of the data points fall within the ±2 SD range, demonstrating consistent laboratory accuracy.

 

Overall, the LMI laboratory demonstrated reliable performance, despite sporadic deviations beyond ±3 SD limits in some CRMs, which do not indicate systemic inaccuracies. The following specific observations were noted:

 

·CRM G917-6: A notable bias of -13.5%, possibly due to mislabeling.

 

·The CRM 999-2 indicates a high bias; however, this bias appears to be due to sample swaps, particularly during the 2011 period.

 

·SLR understands that the number of outliers observed in the CRMs G318-7 and G321-7 was due to sample swaps. The QP recommends thoroughly investigating each of these samples and ensure strict adherence to sampling protocols to prevent mislabeling errors.

 

·CRM G315-5: Exhibited a bias of 7.56%, likely associated with its low-grade nature, with no outliers detected.

 

·CRM G306-1: High bias of -10.98%, though limited sample count reduces the representativeness of this result. The CRM was used only until 2012, limiting its relevance for ongoing performance monitoring.

 

·CRM 308-4: Showed a significant bias of -17.48%. The bias source is uncertain, potentially linked to storage, preparation, or assay reading errors. Given the limited samples and the discontinuation of its use in 2011, no further investigation was conducted.

 

The results indicate that recent analyses have shown better control, and the results have improved over time, despite the mislabeling issues found in some CRMs used in 2023/2024.

 

CRMs cover a good range of gold grades analyzed by the FA-AAS method. However, SLR noted that in 2023 and 2024, multiple CRMs with overlapping grade ranges were introduced. The SLR QP recommends consolidating the selection to three CRM types—high-grade, medium-grade, and low-grade—to effectively monitor laboratory performance while simplifying the identification of emerging biases or systematic errors over time.

 

Table 8-3: San Andrés Certified Reference Material Performances

 

CRM Year Range No. Samples Mean EV SD No. Outliers Bias (%) Percentage Outliers (%)
G308-4 2010-2011 17 5.59 6.77 0.29 14 -17.48 82.35
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CRM Year Range No. Samples Mean EV SD No. Outliers Bias (%) Percentage Outliers (%)
G306-1 2010-2012 6 0.37 0.41 0.03 1 -10.98 16.67
G999-2 2010-2015 275 0.58 0.63 0.06 1 -7.20 0.36
G300-7 2010-2021 200 0.99 1 0.04 0 -1.09 0.00
G902-7 2010-2021 154 1.34 1.41 0.1 2 -4.93 1.30
G302-7 2010-2024 78 2.15 2.14 0.09 4 0.47 5.13
G305-2 2011-2015 258 0.30 0.32 0.02 1 -6.10 0.39
G311-1 2011-2024 474 0.51 0.52 0.04 0 -1.48 0.00
G910-10 2012-2017 471 0.99 0.97 0.04 0 2.40 0.00
G910-8 2014-2018 407 0.60 0.63 0.04 1 -4.63 0.25
G998-6 2014-2021 34 0.82 0.8 0.06 0 2.50 0.00
G912-5 2014-2023 523 0.38 0.38 0.02 1 -0.98 0.19
G913-1 2017-2020 222 0.82 0.82 0.03 0 0.37 0.00
G311-6 2017-2023 425 0.22 0.22 0.02 0 -1.76 0.00
G310-6 2018-2021 531 0.65 0.65 0.04 0 0.23 0.00
G315-4 2018-2023 826 0.32 0.32 0.02 33 1.41 4.00
G314-2 2021-2022 97 0.99 0.99 0.04 0 -0.22 0.00
G314-9 2021-2023 9 1.52 1.52 0.06 0 0.15 0.00
G315-5 2021-2023 141 0.11 0.1 0.01 0 13.19 0.00
G316-5 2021-2023 201 0.51 0.5 0.02 0 1.08 0.00
G320-3 2023-2023 48 0.99 1.03 0.06 0 -4.23 0.00
G917-6 2023-2023 50 0.66 0.76 0.04 4 -13.50 8.00
G319-4 2023-2024 90 0.50 0.5 0.03 0 -0.40 0.00
G320-10 2023-2024 30 0.65 0.65 0.03 0 -0.31 0.00
G918-1 2023-2024 154 0.37 0.36 0.02 0 1.64 0.00
G311-7 2024-2024 48 0.39 0.4 0.03 0 -2.29 0.00
G318-7 2024-2024 70 0.30 0.31 0.01 9 -3.55 12.86
G318-8 2024-2024 13 0.79 0.79 0.03 0 0.19 0.00
G321-7 2024-2024 38 0.48 0.47 0.02 4 2.07 10.53
G323-10 2024-2024 109 0.22 0.23 0.02 0 -2.91 0.00
G918-3 2024-2024 20 0.50 0.52 0.03 0 -3.46 0.00
G919-8 2024-2024 27 0.56 0.57 0.02 1 -2.21 3.70
G919-9 2024-2024 14 0.97 0.95 0.04 0 1.73 0.00

Notes:

 

1.       Au in ppm

 

2.       EV: Expected Value

 

3.       SD: Standard Deviation

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Figure 8-4: San Andrés CRM Z-Score

 

 

SLR selected three CRMs for an in-depth review, representing the low, average, and high gold grade ranges.

 

As illustrated in Figure 8-5, the CRM G320-3, represented by results from 48 high-grade samples, did not display any outliers. However, the analyses indicate a slight negative bias of 4%, with the mean reported by ALS laboratory being marginally lower than the expected value. Despite this bias, the results remain within acceptable limits.

 

The CRM G918-1 analysis comprises 154 samples at an average grade, demonstrating strong performance with a minimal bias of 1.64% and no outliers, presented in Figure 8-6. All results fall well within acceptable limits, confirming the reliability of the dataset.

 

Figure 8-7 presents the results for CRM G315-5, where a total of 238 samples were analyzed. A positive bias of 7.56% was observed, with the laboratory's mean slightly above the expected value. No outliers were identified in the dataset. Considering this is a low-grade CRM, the observed bias can still be considered within acceptable limits.

 

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Figure 8-5: Control Chart of CRM G320-3 for Gold in LMI: 2023

 

 

Figure 8-6: Control Chart of CRM G918-1 for Gold in LMI: 2023 - 2024

 

 

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Figure 8-7: Control Chart of CRM GG315-5 for Gold in LMI: 2021 - 2023

 

 

The SLR QP recommends continuous monitoring of the CRM data to ensure early detection of potential emerging bias that may require re-analysis, and to promptly identify and rectify any biases that could affect the reliability of the results.

 

Blank Material

 

The regular submission of blank material is used to assess contamination during sample preparation and to identify sample numbering errors. Field blank samples are composed of barren material that have grades below the detection limit.

 

Between 2010 and 2024, a total of 3,056 coarse blanks were inserted into the sample stream, consisting of 3% of insertion rate.

 

The detection limit for gold (Au) using FA with an atomic absorption (AA) finish was established at 0.01 g/t Au. Control thresholds for blank samples were defined, with the warning limit set at two times the detection limit (0.02 g/t Au) and the failure limit at three times the detection limit (0.03 g/t Au). A review of the blanks indicates that no significant contamination was detected, as illustrated in Figure 8-8.

 

Of the 3,056 blank samples analyzed, 49 samples exceeded the threshold, representing a failure rate of less than 2%. Furthermore, most of these values were only slightly above the threshold or located within non-mineralized zones, negating the need for resampling around the failure blanks. Of the 49 failure samples, only 8 have values above 0.1 g/t Au, most of which were collected in 2010. SLR did not have access to the original certificates for these samples for comparison. The sample MO23-09534 (2023) is registered in the QA/QC database as blank; however, it is a mislabeled sample, as the original certificate lists it as a primary sample, and the blanks from the same batch have values below the detection limit.

 

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Figure 8-8: Coarse Blank Samples in LMI

 

 

Duplicates

 

Duplicates help assess the natural local-scale grade variance or nugget effect and are also useful for detecting sample numbering mix-ups. The field (core) duplicates help monitor the grade variability as a function of both sample homogeneity and laboratory error.

 

The precision of sampling and analytical results can be quantified by re-analyzing the same sample using the same methodology. The variance between the measured results will indicate their precision. Precision is affected by mineralogical factors such as grain size, distribution, and inconsistencies in the sample preparation and analysis processes. There are different duplicate sample types, which can be used to determine the precision of the entire sampling, sample preparation, and analytical process.

 

As part of QA/QC procedures, SLR conducted a reassessment of the duplicate sample data using the Half Absolute Relative Difference (HARD) analysis and scatter plots to evaluate analytical precision.

 

A total of 5,746 sample pairs analyzed by LMI Laboratory were reviewed, including 2,819 field duplicate samples with a 3% insertion rate, and 1,394 coarse duplicates and 1,533 pulp duplicates, both with a 1% insertion rate.

 

Individual failure criteria were set for pulp, coarse, and field duplicates. Evaluation criteria require 90% of pulp duplicates to have a HARD value below 10%, 20% for coarse duplicates, and 30% for field duplicates. Thus, a 10% HARD failure rate threshold serves as the benchmark to trigger corrective actions for sample group surpassing this limit. Table 8-4 summarizes the performance of each duplicate type across different hole types.

 

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Table 8-4: Summary of Duplicate Data Performance

 

Hole Type Duplicate Type Year Range Correlation Count Failures (HARD) HARD Failure Rate (%) Max DP Max OR Mean DP Mean OR Min DP Min OR
DD FD 2022 - 2024 0.95 160 29 18.13 4.15 3.16 0.322 0.313 0.01 0.01
CD 2022 - 2022 0.93 104 15 14.42 2.32 2.3 0.535 0.542 0.18 0.01
PD 2022 - 2022 0.97 221 73 33.03 3.56 3.39 0.353 0.375 0.02 0.01
RC FD 2010 - 2024 0.93 2,659 304 11.43 5.84 5.4 0.394 0.385 0.01 0.01
CD 2012 - 2022 0.97 1,290 142 11.01 6.46 6.31 0.419 0.408 0.01 0.01
PD 2012 - 2022 0.95 1,312 380 28.96 8.06 8.66 0.283 0.291 0.01 0.01

Notes:

 

1.       DP: Duplicate

 

2.       OR: Original

 

3.       FD Field Duplicate, CD Coarse Duplicate, PD Pulp Duplicate

 

For the RC datasets, both field and coarse duplicates displayed HARD failure rates near the 10% threshold for acceptable precision as shown in Figure 8-9 and Figure 8-10. Pulp duplicates, however, exhibited a higher HARD failure rate of 28%. The scatter plot analysis indicates that although data dispersion occurs across the full grade range, it is most pronounced at lower grades. Despite this variability, pulp duplicates show a strong correlation with original assays (R = 0.95).

 

For DD duplicates, HARD failure rates were somewhat higher than those of RC duplicates. Like RC data, pulp duplicates for DD samples showed elevated HARD rates yet maintained a strong correlation between duplicates and originals (R = 0.97), as illustrated in Figure 8-11.

 

These results suggest considerable assay variability across the dataset, which is likely influenced by the nugget effect, commonly seen in gold mineralization deposits.

 

The SLR QP recommends that the Mine continue submitting pulp and coarse duplicates on a regular basis, targeting an insertion rate of approximately 5% for each duplicate type. This approach, along with ongoing monitoring of assay results and laboratory protocols, is advised due to the elevated HARD failure rates observed in pulp duplicates compared to other duplicate types.

 

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Figure 8-9: Field Duplicate Data - RC

 

 

 

Figure 8-10: Coarse Duplicate Data - RC

 

 

 

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Figure 8-11: Pulp Duplicate Data - DD

 

 

 

Check Assay

 

Between 2012 and 2013, a total of 601 samples were collected from drill holes and submitted to the INS Laboratory, an independent third-party laboratory. The gold analyses, as presented in Figure 8-12, exhibited a strong correlation coefficient of 0.94 and a mean percentage difference of 9.4% between results reported by the LMI and INS laboratories, indicating a positive bias. Although a strong correlation is observed, some outliers were identified, which may be attributed to potential sample mix-ups. Despite these anomalies, the findings demonstrate that the datasets are statistically comparable, supporting the reliability and accuracy of the primary laboratory’s reported grades.

 

Figure 8-12: Check Assay - Scatter Plot (2012 – 2013)

 

 

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In 2024, a total of 1,985 samples were submitted to the independent SGS laboratory in Peru for check analysis, as shown in Figure 8-12. The results indicate a difference between the means of -6.1%, highlighting a negative bias, which is evident in the QQ Plot (Figure 8-12). A strong correlation of 0.955 was observed, and despite the presence of some outliers, the overall results are considered robust and demonstrate good precision in the primary laboratory's assay performance. The samples were also analyzed using the Cyanide Leaching (CN) method, which exhibited greater data dispersion, as expected for this technique, and a high positive bias, as illustrated in Figure 8-14.

 

External check results demonstrated good data repeatability, indicating the reliability of the data reported by the primary laboratory. The SLR QP is of the opinion that the data is reliable and suitable for use in resource and reserve estimation, and recommends that Minosa continue to use a check assay program.

 

Figure 8-13: Check Assay - Scatter Plot and QQ Plot (2024)

 

 

 

Figure 8-14: Check Assay - Scatter Plot and QQ Plot (2024) – Au CN

 

 

 

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8.6Conclusions and Recommendations

 

The SLR QP’s QA/QC recommendations are as follows:

 

·Reduce the number of CRM types used. It is advisable to select a maximum of one CRM for each grade category (low, medium, medium-high, and high) aligned with the Mine’s grade distribution.

 

·Continue the use of the three types of duplicates as routine practice: pulp duplicates, with a submission rate of 5% focused on economic grade, over the economical cut-off. These samples should be shipped along with blanks and standards to validate the secondary results.

 

·Maintain regular QC procedures and ensure consistent QC protocols to safeguard data integrity and reliability.

 

In the SLR QP’s opinion, the sample preparation, analysis, and security procedures at San Andrés are appropriate for Mineral Resource estimation. Additionally, the QA/QC program designed and implemented by Minosa is adequate, and the assay results in the San Andrés databases are suitable for use in the Mineral Resource estimate.

 

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9.0Data Verification

 

9.1Previous Work

 

The drill hole database used for Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimation has undergone multiple verification efforts. In 2005, CAM independently verified the database. In 2006, Minosa reviewed 105 drill holes, focusing on survey, assay, and geological data. In 2007, Scott Wilson RPA verified data from 19 RC holes and one core hole from the 2005–2006 drilling programs. In 2011, MCB Serviços e Mineração Ltda. (MCB) did not conduct an independent verification but deemed the drill hole data reliable due to the strong correlation between drill hole grades and mined grades over more than 10 years of operation.

 

Details of the data verification programs for drilling campaigns conducted before 2010 drilling were detailed in the 2012 Technical Report (Aura 2012) and are summarized in the following subsections.

 

9.1.1Survey and Topographic Data

 

From 1996 onward, drill hole collars were surveyed using modern electronic equipment, with the 1997–1998 programs employing a Topcon FC/48GX total station and resurveying about 1 in 15 holes for accuracy. Pre-1996 survey methods were undocumented but relied on reference points established during the 1992 Fischer-Watt program, with some collar coordinates estimated using compass and tape methods.

 

Survey data were later converted from a mine grid system to UTM coordinates by Minosa. Locatable pre-1996 holes were resurveyed, while others were mathematically converted using a grid-to-UTM factor. Downhole surveys were conducted on 14 core holes using a Sperry Sun single-shot instrument, with no corrections applied to holes lacking downhole surveys.

 

9.1.2Pre-2005 Drill Programs

 

CAM (Armbrust et al. 2005) reported that assay results for the 1997–1998 Twin Hills and 2002 East Ledge drill programs were electronically transferred to the database, minimizing data entry errors. Earlier programs relied on manual data entry, which was later verified against original assay certificates before modeling.

 

About 80% of assay data were electronically transferred, while 20% (including eight of 86 East Ledge holes and 29 of 97 Twin Hills holes) were manually entered. Verification checks on seven manually entered holes found no discrepancies.

 

In 2005, CAM conducted thorough database checks, including assessments of duplicate collars, twin holes, anomalous surveys, assay statistics, assay spikes, contamination, and grade thickness. Minor anomalies were within industry norms and did not impact the resource estimate. CAM concluded the database met industry standards and was suitable for geological and grade modeling.

 

9.1.32005–2006 Drill Programs

 

9.1.3.1Data Entry Procedures

 

For the 2005–2006 drill programs, Minosa employed the following database entry procedures:

 

·Geological Data Entry: Handwritten geological logs for each drill hole were manually entered into a master EXCEL database. This database was structured to be compatible

 

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with MineSight software for modeling. It included data on collar location (northing, easting, elevation), survey details (bearing, dip), and hole depth, along with columns for drill hole ID, sample intervals (from/to), sample length, Au and Ag grades (when available), lithology, alteration, quartz vein percentage, oxide/sulphide, pyrite percentage, dry/wet condition, hematite, jarosite/goethite, structure, and sample ID numbers.

 

·Assay Data Entry: Assay results received electronically from the laboratory were cut and pasted directly into the master database. Assay data were also manually transcribed into individual paper drill logs to verify alignment with sample numbers and ensure drill log completeness.

 

Upon completion of data entry for each drill hole, a quick visual review of the EXCEL file was conducted to check for completeness and accuracy.

 

9.1.3.2Data Verification

 

In April 2006, Minosa verified the database for 526 drill holes, up to MO-06-11. A total of 105 drill logs (20% of total) were randomly selected for review, comparing original paper logs and assay certificates against the electronic database for hole identification, total depth, collar coordinates, survey data, oxidation state, and assay information. No significant errors were detected.

 

Scott Wilson RPA conducted additional verification of the 2005–2006 drilling data, which were reported in Scott Wilson RPA (2007). Key findings included:

 

·Collar Surveys: No errors were found.

 

·Survey Information: Two discrepancies in dip angles (MO-06-46 and MO-06-48) were corrected (-45° in logs vs. -50° in the database).

 

·Oxidation State and Geological Data: No errors in oxidation state. Geological data were transcribed accurately, except for occasional omissions in structure-type entries.

 

·Assay Verification: A total of 1,990 samples from 19 RC holes and one core log were checked against handwritten logs, assay certificates, and the database. No errors were identified. For duplicate samples, assays from the "A" samples were consistently recorded in the database, and for duplicate pulps at the CAS lab, the first sample pulp assay was used consistently.

 

Scott Wilson RPA concluded that discrepancies were minor, and the database's geological and assay data were of high quality and suitable for Mineral Resource and Reserve estimation.

 

9.2Current Work

 

9.2.1SLR Site Verification Procedures

 

The SLR geology QP visited the site from October 21 to 24, 2024.

 

9.2.1.1Confirmation of Mineralized Intercepts

 

During the site visit, the SLR QP visited the core storage facilities, and the geology, DDH log, and content of Au were visually compared for the drill holes MC-06-09, MC-21-32, MC-20-88, MC-21-17 and MC-20-63. In the SLR QP’s opinion, there is a good correlation between contained gold and the observed geology. The SLR QP recommends continuing with the oxide, mixed, and sulphide characterization.

 

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During the site visit, the SLR QP observed good drill hole manipulation and data capture. Figure 9-1 shows samples of the DD core that was visually reviewed by the SLR QP.

 

Figure 9-1: Drill Hole Comparison

 

 

9.2.1.2Confirmation of Drill Hole Location and Survey Information

 

At the time of the visit, the core drill hole MC-24-16 was in progress. SLR observed appropriate drilling technique and adequate drill core manipulation.

 

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Figure 9-2: Drilling in Progress

 

 

9.2.2SLR Audit of the Drill Hole Database

 

SLR performed cross-validation procedures between the Mine’s assay database and the LMI assay certificates. A total of 841 certificates, dated from 2019 to 2024, were provided by the client and compiled and compared against gold values within the " SAEX-20240918_DB_assay.csv" assay database.

 

The database contains a total of 158,284 samples with recorded gold assays up to the cut-off date of September 2024. Of these, SLR cross checked 46,154 samples, representing 29% of the entire database. Data verification included 817 out of 2,456 drill holes.

 

There are reanalysis certificate results for 169 samples.

 

Three minor issues were likely related to decimal rounding within the database, with differences not exceeding 0.01 ppm Au, and are thus considered insignificant.

 

The SLR QP identified no discrepancies in gold values between the database and the assay certificates for the period from 2019 to 2024 and the database is considered consistent and robust, and it adheres to good practices in database management.

 

9.2.2.1Conclusions and Recommendations

 

In the SLR QP's opinion, the data verification for the Mine identified no significant discrepancies. As a result, the assay and density data within the database are considered appropriate for use in a Mineral Resource estimate. The SLR QP recommends maintaining best industry practices to ensure consistency in the format and structure of the database.

 

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10.0Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing

 

Metallurgical testing for the San Andrés Mine has been conducted to characterize ore types and evaluate heap leach recovery potential. The testing program includes ore characterization, mineralogy, fire and chemical assaying, bottle roll leach testing, and column leach testing. These tests aim to determine the metallurgical variability of different ore zones and optimize heap leach operating parameters.

 

The samples tested are considered representative of the various styles of mineralization present at the deposit. Sampling has primarily focused on oxide and mixed oxide-sulphide material, which are amenable to heap leaching, as well as silicified and unoxidized sulphide material, which may require alternative processing methods. Test samples were collected from active mining areas across different pit zones, including Esperanza Alto, Esperanza Bajo, Banana Ridge, Buffa, and Falla A, and were selected to reflect variations in oxidation, silicification, and gold grade.

 

Metallurgical testing for the San Andrés Mine was conducted internally by Minosa at its on-site metallurgical laboratory located at the San Andrés Mine. The testwork was performed by Minosa personnel and included standard industry testing procedures. The laboratory follows internally established protocols that align with industry best practices; however, it is not an ISO-certified or third-party-accredited facility.

 

Testwork involved collecting and processing samples directly from selected pit locations, including blast holes and blasted material samples, as part of the mine's geometallurgical characterization efforts. The testing program assessed heap leach recovery performance under various conditions, with a particular focus on the impact of oxidation, silicification, and particle size distribution on gold recovery.

 

Results from the testwork are discussed in detail in Sections 10.1.1 and 10.2.1.

 

10.1Metallurgical Testing 2023

 

10.1.1Column Leach Testing of Materials by Zone

 

Column leach testing was performed on samples taken from the pit during operation. Dispatch software was used to track the location from which the sample was taken during mining. The data could then be used to build a geometallurgical model. Table 10-1 presents column leach test results for material mined from the Esperanza Alto zone. Bottle roll test recoveries are also included for comparison. Two tests were performed for each sample, one at P80 2” and the other at the specified P80 to determine the effect of particle size on extraction. The results indicate that gold extraction is affected by degree of oxidation, degree of silicification, and particle size. The material requires crushing, and heap leaching is applicable for the oxide and mixed oxide/sulphide material. The silicified and sulphide materials will require alternate extraction methods including fine grinding and sulphide oxidation.

 

Table 10-1: Column Leach Testing of Esperanza Alto in 2023

 

 Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1006 SA-OC-23-1007 SA-OC-23-1015 SA-OC-23-1017 SA-OC-23-1021 SA-OC-23-1025 SA-OC-23-1026 SA-OC-23-1029 SA-OC-23-1030
Test Number MT-23-001 MT-23-002 MT-23-0003 MT-23-0007 MT-23-0009 MT-23-00011 MT-23-00012 MT-23-00014 MT-23-00015
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 Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1006 SA-OC-23-1007 SA-OC-23-1015 SA-OC-23-1017 SA-OC-23-1021 SA-OC-23-1025 SA-OC-23-1026 SA-OC-23-1029 SA-OC-23-1030
Zone Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto Esperanza Alto
Test Charge (kg) 196.03 200.99 222.47 221.02 242.22 234.42 227.29 233.43 238.62
P80 (in) 1.36 1.74 1.43 1.71 2.39 1.98 1.37 1.22 2.06
Head Au g/t (back calculated): 0.78 0.25 0.48 0.47 0.58 0.83 0.24 0.20 0.34
Tail Au g/t: 0.09 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.06
Gold Recovery % Column 88.56% 93.06% 93.69% 84.81% 82.64% 86.89% 76.77% 74.17% 82.55%
Gold Recovery % Column, P80 2 in. 81.25% 89.86% 86.77% 81.57% 86.09% 86.66% 70.53% 66.78% 82.55%
%Gold Recovery Bottle 80.46% 80.20% 85.95% 77.45% 82.14% 87.95% 81.90% 72.34% 84.46%
Cyanide Concentration (ppm) 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00
Cyanide Consumption (g/t) 362.50 275.58 297.16 364.04 430.02 379.80 136.91 245.62 238.78
Cement (kg/t) 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.50 1.50
Lime (kg/t 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.80 1.60 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.00
pH feed avg 10.64 10.64 10.84 10.83 11.05 10.96 11.12 10.86 10.96
pH PLS avg 11.87 11.92 11.79 11.07 11.65 11.57 11.72 11.70 11.86
Density, Real 1.87 1.97 2.31 1.97 2.02 2.17 2.09 2.17 2.26
Density, Apparent 1.19 1.30 1.37 1.19 1.27 1.47 1.44 1.43 1.25
Density, Solids 2.14 2.38 2.24 2.26 2.37 2.50 2.48 2.35 2.50

Notes:

 

PLS Pregnant Leach Solution

 

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Figure 10-1 presents the column leach test results for the Esperanza Alto samples.

 

Figure 10-1: Esperanza Alto Gold Recovery versus Particle Size

 

 

Table 10-2 and Figure 10-2 presents the relationship between particle size and gold recovery for Banana Ridge samples.

 

Figure 10-2 present the results of column leach tests of Banana Ridge samples.

 

Table 10-2: Column Leach Testing of Banana Ridge in 2023

 

Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1016 SA-OC-23-1016
Test Number MT-23-0006 MT-23-0004
Zone Banana Ridge Banana Ridge
Test Charge (kg) 232.53 228.00
P80 (in) 1.17 2.13
Head Au (g/t) (back calculated): 0.16 0.56
Tail Au (g/t) 0.06 0.12
Gold Recovery % Column 60.07% 79.32%
Gold Recovery % Column, P80 2 in. 53.72% 80.72%
%Gold Recovery Bottle 51.29% 80.18%
Cyanide Concentration (ppm) 400.00 400.00
Cyanide Consumption (g/t) 526.64 490.94
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Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1016 SA-OC-23-1016
Cement (kg/t) 3.00 3.00
Lime (kg/t) 3.00 2.00
pH feed avg 11.03 11.13
pH PLS avg 9.85 11.80
Density, Real 1.89 1.96
Density, Apparent 1.15 1.47
Density, Solids 2.09 2.42

Notes:

 

PLS Pregnant Leach Solution

 

Figure 10-2 presents the relationship between particle size and gold recovery for Banana Ridge samples.

 

Figure 10-2: Banana Ridge Gold Recovery versus Particle Size

 

 

Table 10-3 and Figure 10-3 present the results of column leach tests of Esperanza Bajo samples.

 

Table 10-3: Column Leach Testing of Esperanza Bajo in 2023

 

Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1017 SA-OC-23-1024
Test Number MT-23-0005 MT-23-00010
Zone Esperanza Bajo Esperanza Bajo
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Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1017 SA-OC-23-1024
Test Charge (kg) 237.98 236.15
P80 (in) 1.96 1.99
Head Au (g/t) (back calculated): 0.83 0.97
Tail Au (g/t) 0.38 0.57
Gold Recovery % Column 53.68% 40.99%
Gold Recovery % Column, P80 2 in. 53.39% 40.99%
%Gold Recovery Bottle 66.84% 52.65%
Cyanide Concentration (ppm) 400.00 400.00
Cyanide Consumption (g/t) 413.11 364.56
Cement (kg/t) 3.00 3.00
Lime (kg/t) 0.00 0.80
pH feed avg 11.12 10.95
pH PLS avg 11.49 11.01
Density, Real 2.27 2.41
Density, Apparent 1.53 1.31
Density, Solids 2.55 2.53

 

Figure 10-3: Esperanza Bajo Gold Recovery versus Particle Size

 

 

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Table 10-4 and Figure 10-4 present the results of column leach tests of Falla A samples.

 

Table 10-4: Column Leach Testing of Falla A in 2023

 

Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1020
Test Number MT-23-0008
Zone Falla A
Test Charge (kg) 233.14
P80 (in) 2.36
Head Au (g/t) (back calculated): 0.77
Tail Au (g/t) 0.24
Gold Recovery % Column 68.56%
Gold Recovery % Column, P80 2 in. 71.96%
%Gold Recovery Bottle 71.80%
Cyanide Concentration (ppm) 400.00
Cyanide Consumption (g/t) 599.67
Cement (kg/t) 3.00
Lime (kg/t) 1.60
pH feed avg 11.04
pH PLS avg 10.63
Density, Real 2.03
Density, Apparent 1.12
Density, Solids 2.17
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Figure 10-4: Falla A Gold Recovery versus Particle Size

 

 

Table 10-5 and Figure 10-5 present the results of column leach tests of composite samples.

 

Table 10-5: Column Leach Testing of Composite in 2023

 

Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1028
Test Number MT-23-00013
Zone Composite
Test Charge (kg) 233.50
P80 (in) 1.72
Head Au (g/t) (back calculated): 0.58
Tail Au (g/t) 0.18
Gold Recovery % Column 69.55%
Gold Recovery % Column, P80 2 in. 65.18%
%Gold Recovery Bottle  
Cyanide Concentration (ppm) 400.00
Cyanide Consumption (g/t) 334.62
Cement (kg/t) 1.50
Lime (kg/t) 0.00
pH feed avg 10.98
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Sample ID Code SA-OC-23-1028
pH PLS avg 11.00
Density, Real 2.28
Density, Apparent 1.12
Density, Solids 2.53

 

Figure 10-5: Composite Gold Recovery

 

 

10.2Metallurgical Testing 2024

 

The testing program performed in 2023 was continued in 2024 with an emphasis on sampling and column leach testing to support the development of a geometallurgical model. Column leach testing was performed on samples taken from the pit during operation. Dispatch software was used to track the truck load and location from which the sample was taken during mining.

 

10.2.1Column Leach Testing of Materials by Zone

 

Table 10-6 presents column leach test results for material mined from the Esperanza Alto, Buffa, and Esperanza Bajo zones. Bottle roll test recoveries are also included for comparison. Two tests were performed for each sample, one at P80 2” and the other at the specified P80 to determine the effect of particle size on extraction.

 

The results indicate that gold extraction is affected by degree of oxidation, degree of silicification and particle size. The material requires crushing, and heap leaching is applicable for the oxide and oxide/sulphide material. The silicified and unoxidized materials will require alternate extraction methods including fine grinding and sulphide oxidation.

 

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The samples tested represent various levels of oxidation and silicification. The samples with high recoveries are oxidized, and the samples with low recoveries are unoxidized (fresh), silicified, or both. Notable examples of this are listed:

 

·Sample MT-24-0010 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as a quartz matrix with sulphide minerals. The material is crushed to P80 1.67 in. and the resulting heap leach gold recovery is 14.6%.

 

·Sample MT-24-0011 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as mixed ore with oxidation in the veins and containing both oxidized and unoxidized sulphide minerals, primarily pyrite. The material is crushed to P80 1.67 in. and the resulting heap leach gold recovery is 86.9%.

 

·Sample MT-24-0012 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as silicified material with sulphides. The material is crushed to P80 1.76 in. and the resulting heap leach gold recovery is 49.6%.

 

·Sample MT-24-0013 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described fragmented quartz with strong silicification plus sulphide minerals. The material is crushed to P80 1.8 in. and the resulting heap leach gold recovery is 24.1%.

 

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Table 10-6: Column Leach Test Results by Zone

 

Sample ID Code SA-OC-24-1001 SA-OC-24-1002 SA-OC-24-1003 SA-OC-24-1004 SA-OC-24-1006 SA-OC-24-1007 SA-OC-24-1008 SA-OC-24-1009 SA-OC-24-1010 SA-OC-24-1011 SA-OC-24-1012 SA-OC-24-1013 SA-OC-24-1014
Test Number MT-24-0001 MT-24-0002 MT-24-0003 MT-24-0004 MT-24-0006 MT-24-0007 MT-24-0008 MT-24-0009 MT-24-0010 MT-24-0011 MT-24-0012 MT-24-0013 MT-24-0014
Zone Esperanza Alto Buffa Buffa Buffa Esperanza Bajo Esperanza Alto Esperanza Bajo Esperanza Alto Esperanza Bajo Esperanza Bajo Esperanza Bajo Esperanza Bajo Esperanza Bajo
Test Charge (kg) 190.37 196.02 194.56 195.62 198.33 176.33 173.47 192.49 145.54 176.70 214.42 180.33 194.81
P80 (in) 1.00 1.23 1.85 1.75 1.98 1.80 1.72 1.70 1.67 1.67 1.76 1.80 1.70
Head Au (g/t) (back calculated): 0.22 1.85 2.54 0.57 0.32 0.24 0.91 0.25 1.05 0.94 1.17 1.29 1.79
Tail Au (g/t) 0.04 0.45 0.49 0.44 0.18 0.04 0.37 0.04 0.89 0.12 0.57 0.99 0.37
Gold Recovery % Column 83.06% 75.64% 80.90% 22.75% 42.82% 84.25% 59.58% 84.55% 14.60% 86.90% 51.12% 24.14% 79.33%
Gold Recovery % Column, P80 2 in. 72.61% 68.20% 79.28% 22.00% 42.70% 82.01% 57.38% 81.20% 13.97% 83.13% 49.50% 23.50% 76.20%
%Gold Recovery Bottle 80.41% 87.25% 91.24% 44.50% 41.63% 85.45% 59.98% 86.72% 15.59% 87.62% 64.78% 31.21% 79.25%
Cyanide Concentration (ppm) 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00
Cyanide Consumption (g/t) 291.91 1179.98 1019.49 391.42 264.99 264.65 480.48 193.53 407.59 372.78 630.55 476.31 598.55
Cement (kg/t) 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00
Lime (kg/t) 19.00 0.80 3.20 2.60 1.40 0.40 0.00 0.40 3.80 0.40 2.40 12.00 1.25
pH feed avg 11.32 11.30 11.22 11.24 11.06 11.14 11.12 11.02 11.09 11.08 11.10 11.01 11.11
pH PLS avg 12.24 10.80 11.29 11.65 11.81 11.61 10.96 11.34 11.21 11.35 10.71 11.60 11.53
Density, Real 1.92 2.05 2.28 2.09 2.23 2.28 2.31 2.08 2.19 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.24
Density, Apparent 1.24 1.31 1.33 1.29 1.54 1.42 1.46 1.54 1.45 1.49 1.52 1.48 1.50
Density, Solids 2.22 2.39 2.31 2.33 2.40 2.49 2.48 2.47 2.51 2.42 2.48 2.37 2.50
 10-10

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Figure 10-6 illustrates the relationship between gold head grade, particle size distribution and gold recovery by zone. The samples within each zone vary in material type and degree of oxidation and silicification. Gold recovery is affected by particle size distribution as can seen by the difference in recovery of the individual samples. When observing the complete set of samples, particle size is a factor though the main factors are degree of oxidation and silicification.

 

Figure 10-6: Gold Head Grade and Particle Size vs Recovery

 

 

Figure 10-7 presents the relationship between particle size and gold recovery. Gold is affected by particle size distribution, however, the correlation in this data set is low, due to the variance in material types and degrees of oxidation and silicification.

 

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Figure 10-7: Particle Size versus Gold Recovery

 

 

10.2.2Deleterious Elements

 

The only deleterious element identified with respect to heap leaching is mercury. Mercury is extracted and collected as a liquid using retort distillation during the electrowinning sludge drying stage in the gold refinery.

 

10.2.3SLR QP Opinion

 

It is the SLR QP’s opinion that the quantity and quality of the samples used for the metallurgical testing supporting the heap leach operation and defining the various ore types in the deposit is adequate for the purposes of this technical report. Aura is in the process of developing a geometallurgical model which requires selecting and characterizing, including bottle roll and column leach testing, representative samples of the each of the ore types to be mined along with their locations in the pit. This is being done during operations and will continue as benches are developed.

 

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11.0Mineral Resource Estimates

 

11.1Summary

 

The Mineral Resource estimate for the San Andres deposit was prepared by the Minosa team and supervised and accepted by the SLR QP. Mineral Resources are reported exclusive of Mineral Reserves. The cut-off date of the Minosa drill hole database is September 18, 2024. The effective date of the Mineral Resources is December 31, 2024.

 

In the SLR QP’s opinion, Mineral Resource estimates have been prepared utilizing acceptable estimation methodologies. Ordinary kriging (OK) was used to estimate gold and density. The block model used blocks measuring 10 m x 10 m x 6 m. The updated estimate includes new 2023 and 2024 drilling (309 drill holes with 23,721 m). The drill hole database contains 2,494 drill holes consisting of 245,035 m. The drillhole data was composited to 1.5 m.

 

Minosa’s geological team updated the geological model, focusing on the oxide, mixed and sulphide mineralization. Sulphide mineralization is excluded from the Mineral Resources. The Mineral Resources are also constrained by a 50 m exclusion zone along the Agua Caliente River. Resource estimation used Leapfrog Geo and Leapfrog Edge software for interpretation, statistics, geostatistics and block model estimation. Leapfrog Edge, Vulcan, and Supervisor were used for validation.

 

Mineral Resources have been classified in accordance with the definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300 using a combination of drill hole spacing and distance to recent mining areas for resource classification.

 

The San Andrés Mine Mineral Resources exclusive of Mineral Reserves are estimated to be 1.46 million tonnes (Mt) of Measured Mineral Resources at 0.34 g/t Au, 24.22 Mt of Indicated Mineral Resources at 0.40 g/t Au, and 8.55 Mt of Inferred Mineral Resources at 0.45 g/t Au, using a long term US$2,200 gold price reported at a cut-off grade of 0.187 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.291 g/t Au for mixed material. have an effective date of December 31, 2024. The Mineral Resource estimate is summarized in Table 11-1.

 

Table 11-1: Summary of Mineral Resources – December 31, 2024

 

Category Oxide Mixed Total
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Measured 1,070 0.27 9 387 0.54 7 1,457 0.34 16
Indicated 21,136 0.38 256 3,082 0.55 54 24,218 0.40 310
Mea + Ind 22,206 0.37 265 3,469 0.54 61 25,675 0.40 326
Inferred 6,921 0.42 94 1,629 0.56 29 8,550 0.45 123

Notes:

 

1.       

The definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Resources.

 

2.       

The Mineral Resource estimate is reported on a 100% ownership basis.

 

3.       

Mineral Resources are constrained within a pit shell and are estimated in situ.

 

4.       

Mining dilution, mining losses, or process losses were not applied in estimating Mineral Resources.

 

5.       

Mineral Resources are estimated at a cut-off grade of 0.187 g/t Au Oxide and 0.291 g/t Au Mixed.

 

6.       

Metallurgical recovery is 70% for oxide material and 45% for mixed material.

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Category Oxide Mixed Total
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)

7.       

Mineral Resources are estimated using a long-term gold price of US$2,200 per ounce.

 

8.      

 A minimum mining width of 6 m was used.

 

9.       

The Mineral Resources are also constrained by a 50 m exclusion zone along the Agua Caliente River.

 

10.       

Bulk density is estimated by lithology and averages 2.38 g/cm3.

 

11.       

Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves.

 

12.      

 Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

 

13.       

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

 

The SLR QP is of the opinion that with consideration of the recommendations summarized in Sections 1 and 23 of this TRS, any issues relating to all relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction can be resolved with further work.

 

11.2Resource Database

 

11.2.1Collar Surveys

 

The resource model is based on data available up to September 18, 2024. This includes 2,456 drill holes totalling 240,109 m. Sixteen historical drill holes from 1996 to 1998, with no assays, and 22 RC holes (MC-24-04 to MC-24-19) totalling 1,564 m and 16 DD holes (MO-24-137 to MO-24-158) totalling 2,553 m, from 2024, with no assays, are excluded from the estimation.

 

Drill hole spacing varies across the deposit. In the oxide and mixed mineralization, the drill hole spacing is in the range of 25 m to 50 m, increasing in sulphide mineralization. A histogram of drill hole depth is presented in Figure 11-1.

 

Figure 11-1: Depth Histogram

 

 

 

  DD RC
Meters # Meters # Meters
[0-100] 203 13,851 1178 67,384
]100-150] 105 12,888 581 71,119
]150-200] 68 11,842 224 38,054
]200-300] 56 13,165 25 5,221
]300-400] 7 2,345    
]400-500] 7 3,204    
]500-550] 2 1,037    

 
 

11.2.2Survey

 

Downhole surveys have only been conducted (largely by Minosa) for a small percentage of drill holes. Only 277 holes (approximately 10%) in the combined provided databases contain more than one downhole survey measurement per hole. The potential impacts of drill hole deviation are more significant as holes increase in depth over 150 m or 200 m. Uncertainty regarding sample locations is expected to increase downhole in the deeper drill holes. Approximately 15%

 

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of the drill holes are over 150 m length and for these holes only 103 drill holes have over one downhole survey measurement.

 

Based on the drill hole lengths, 85% of which are less than 150 m in depth, the SLR QP is of the opinion that the lack of downhole surveys will have no material impact globally on the geological model and Mineral Resource estimation.

 

11.2.3Resources Assays

 

Assay sample intervals ranged from 0.1 m to 6 m. The normal sample length for RC drilling is in the range of 1.49 m to 1.53 m, accounting for 97% of the RC data, and 1.5 m in DD drilling, accounting for 79% of the DD data. For grade estimation, a small percentage (1.3%) of unsampled intervals from historical drill holes were ignored. After statistical and visual analysis, the SLR QP determined this to be a minor procedural issue with no significant impact on the global resource estimate, however, the SLR QP recommends that the explicit unsampled data should be treated as zero grades. The cumulative distribution plot shows sample length distribution (Figure 11-2).

 

Figure 11-2: Sample Length Cumulative Distribution Plot by Drill Hole Type

 

 

11.3Geological Interpretation

 

The Minosa geology department has developed a very good understanding of the San Andrés geology. Geological models were constructed to provide geologic control for grade estimation and to provide parameters for mine planning. Geology models for lithology, alteration, oxidation domain, mineralization, and structural sub-zones were built using Leapfrog software. The wireframes built for the main geological, lithological, alteration, and grade domains are listed in

 

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Table 11-2 to Table 11-6, respectively. These wireframes were used in the estimation to assign codes to the block model. The wireframes are illustrated in Figure 11-3 through Figure 11-9.

 

Oxidation is a primary determinant of the mineralization at Minosa categorized into Oxide, Transitional (Mixed), and Sulphide material based on drill logging and spatial data. The cyanide-soluble gold (CNAu)/Fire Assay gold (Au) ratio was used for validation, with ratios of >0.5 for Oxide, >0.45 for Mixed, the 0.45-0.25 range, depending on logging, is classified as mixed, and <0.25 for Sulphide zones. The Mine uses a sulphide validation model based on a 0.25 ratio, which has performed relatively well.

 

Oxide zones are located in the upper mine and contain minerals such as hematite, goethite, limonite, and jarosite while deeper sulphide zones contain pyrite, sphalerite, stibine, etc. Mixed zones occur between these layers, with complex and variable boundaries.

 

The SLR QP reviewed the oxidation and mixed domains and overall found them acceptable with CNAu/Au ratios in most of the Resource and Reserve pits areas. The SLR QP recommends continuing refining the oxide and mixed model and using the CNAu/Au ratio as the primary criterion for defining oxidation boundaries.

 

Table 11-2: Lithological Domain Wireframes

 

Code Lithology Triangulation
2  Brecha/ Conglomerate OLD_GM_Litho_PCGL.dxf
3  Rhyolite OLD_GM_Litho_RHYT.dxf
4  Andesite OLD_GM_Litho_ANT.dxf
5  Red bed OLD_GM_Litho_RBE.dxf
6  Phyllite OLD_GM_Litho_PHL.dxf
99  Botadero OLD_GM_Litho_99.Botadero.dxf
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Figure 11-3: Lithology, Level 1000

 

 

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Table 11-3: Alteration Wireframes

 

Code Alteration Triangulation
1 Argillic GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_1.dxf
2 Argillic/Silicic GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_2.dxf
3 Silicic/Argillic GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_3.dxf
4 Silicic GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_GM_Hydrothermal_Alteration_4.dxf
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Figure 11-4: Alteration, Level 1000

 

 

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Table 11-4: Oxidation Wireframes

 

Code Mineralization Wireframe 
1 Oxide GM_Miner_Oxi.dxf
2 Mixed GM_Miner_Mix.dxf
3 Sulphide GM_Miner_Sulf.dxf
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Figure 11-5: Oxidation Domains, Level 1000

 

 

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Table 11-5: Grade Domain Wireframes (Au > 0.15 g/t)

 

Code Ore Au > 0.15 g/t  Triangulation
1 Ore GM_Grade_Domains_0.15_AZACUALPA.00t
1 Ore GM_Grade_Domains_0.15_BANANA_RIDGE.00t
1 Ore GM_Grade_Domains_0.15_ESP_ALTO.00t
1 Ore GM_Grade_Domains_0.15_ESP_BAJO.00t
1 Ore GM_Grade_Domains_0.15_ESP_ELCC.00t
1 Ore GM_Grade_Domains_0.15_ESP_WTH.00t
1 Ore GM_Grade_Domains_0.15_ZONA_BUFFA.00t
0 WST (Waste)  
 11-10

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Figure 11-6: Grade Domains (Au > 0.15 g/t), Level 1000

 

 

 11-11

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Table 11-6: Geological Structural Sub-Zone Wireframes

 

Code Structural Sub-Zones Triangulation
1  Esperanza Alto (ESP_ALTO) GM_Great_Domains_ESP_ALTO.dxf
2  Esperanza Bajo (ESP_BAJO) GM_Great_Domains_ESP_BAJO.dxf
3  Esperanza East Ledge & Cerro Cortez (ESP_ELCC) GM_Great_Domains_ESP_ELCC.dxf
4  Esperanza Water Tank Hill (ESP_WTH) GM_Great_Domains_ESP_WTH.dxf
5  Banana Ridge GM_Great_Domains_BANANA_RIDGE.dxf
6  Azacualpa GM_Great_Domains_AZACUALPA.dxf
7  Buffa GM_Great_Domains_ZONA_BUFFA.dxf
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Figure 11-7: Structural Sub-Zone Domains, Level 1000

 

 

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Figure 11-8: Structural Map and Main Anisotropic Trends

 

 

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11.4Grade Domaining

 

The drill hole data were used to build grade shells (by domain) above and below 0.15 g/t Au, low grade (WT) and high grade (ore), respectively. This resulted in two grade shells by structural sub-zone domains.

 

The Ore and WT grade shells were treated as hard boundaries whereby only composites located within a grade shell were used to interpolate blocks within that grade shell. Figure 11-9 presents the Au > 0.15 g/t grades shells by structural sub-zone domain.

 

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Figure 11-9: Grade Domain (Au > 0.15 g/t)

 

 

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SLR prepared a log probability plot for gold distribution for all domains, as presented in Figure 11-10. SLR observed the gold distribution breaks at approximately 0.15 g/t Au, which may represent a different mineralization population. This break in the gold distribution is below the Mineral Resources cut-off grade. The SLR QP considers the grade domains as built to be appropriate for Mineral Resource estimation.

 

Figure 11-10: Log Probability Plot Au g/t All Domains

 

 

11.5Treatment of High-Grade Assays

 

11.5.1Capping Levels

 

Minosa applied the capping for each estimation domain (Oxidation, Grade Domain, and Area) to reduce any undue influence of the extremely high-grade values. The capping was applied prior to compositing. The capping levels and associated impact are summarized in Table 11-7.

 

SLR examined the raw drill data for outliers using histogram, cumulative probability plots, mean and variance plots. Figure 11-11 presents an example of these plots for the Esperanza Alto Oxide. Figure 11-12 presents box plots by domain. Metal loss due to capping of higher grades was assessed for each estimation domain. Several scenarios were considered to understand the effect of capping, and the results were compared with the tonnes and grade within the mined-out areas.

 

SLR notes the low coefficient of variation (CV) for a gold deposit in Table 11-7. The statistics show a 2% potential metal cut, similar result show the uncapped estimation.

 

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The SLR QP is of the opinion that the treatment of high-grade outliers applied by Minosa is reasonable, Also, the SLR QP considers capping before compositing, a good practice as it avoids smoothing any outliers with low grade values.

 

Figure 11-11: Global TopCut Analysis. Esperanza Alto Oxide.

 

 

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Figure 11-12: Box Plot Assays by Domain

 

 

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Table 11-7: Capping Statistics

 

Code # Samples % Capped Values Uncapped Values
Mean
(Au g/t)
SD Capped
(Au g/t)
CV % GT Mean
(Au g/t)
Max
(Au g/t)
SD CV Percentile No. Capped Metal Loss
All 156,230 -           0.35 56 0.78 2.24      
Waste 48,237 31% 0.08 0.34 1.00 1.60 7% 0.08 36 0.18 2.26 99.6% 197 3%
Esperanza Alto 33,520 21% 0.29 0.35 3.50 1.16 18% 0.29 19 0.37 1.28 99.8% 62 1%
   EA(OXI-ORE) 21,421 14% 0.35 0.29 3.50 1.00 14% 0.36 7 0.37 1.05 99.8% 44 1%
   EA(MIX-ORE) 1,232 1% 0.34 0.32 2.00 0.86 1% 0.34 4 0.32 0.94 99.7% 4 1%
   EA(SUL-ORE) 2,706 2% 0.35 0.50 2.00 0.91 2% 0.38 19 0.59 1.58 98.9% 31 7%
Esperanza Bajo 48,157 31% 0.40 0.53 4.00 1.25 36% 0.41 40 0.72 1.77 99.5% 248 4%
   EB(OXI-ORE) 22,391 14% 0.48 0.50 4.00 1.10 20% 0.50 40 0.78 1.56 99.4% 133 4%
   EB(MIX-ORE) 4,051 3% 0.46 0.37 3.00 1.09 3% 0.48 11 0.69 1.43 98.6% 57 5%
   EB(SUL-ORE) 13,427 9% 0.40 0.33 2.00 0.93 10% 0.44 37 0.80 1.82 98.0% 264 10%
East Ledge & Cerro Cortez 40,459 26% 0.25 0.35 2.00 1.32 19% 0.26 56 0.48 1.81 99.2% 315 4%
   ELC(OXI-ORE) 8,228 5% 0.38 0.44 2.00 0.93 6% 0.39 9 0.45 1.15 98.9% 88 3%
   ELC(MIX-ORE) 4,211 3% 0.48 0.34 2.00 0.90 4% 0.50 8 0.53 1.05 98.2% 74 3%
   ELC(SUL-ORE) 10,780 7% 0.35 1.51 2.00 0.98 7% 0.37 56 0.64 1.73 98.8% 133 5%
Water Tank Hill 9,123 6% 0.71 1.78 9.00 2.12 12% 0.79 39 2.14 2.70 98.6% 129 10%
   WTH(OXI-ORE) 6,060 4% 1.02 0.21 9.00 1.75 12% 1.14 39 2.56 2.25 97.9% 128 11%
   WTH(MIX-ORE) 254 0% 0.29 0.14 1.00 0.72 0% 0.34 13 0.83 2.45 98.4% 4 15%
   WTH(SUL-ORE) 82 0% 0.23 0.29 0.82 0.63 0% 0.23 1 0.14 0.63 100.0% - 0%
Banana Ridge 14,170 9% 0.19 0.35 2.00 1.50 5% 0.20 9 0.34 1.74 99.5% 71 3%
   BAN(OXI-ORE) 5,534 4% 0.36 0.34 2.00 0.98 4% 0.37 9 0.45 1.22 98.8% 64 4%
   BAN(MIX-ORE) 326 0% 0.37 0.35 2.00 0.93 0% 0.37 2 0.35 0.94 99.1% 3 1%
   BAN(SUL-ORE) 383 0% 0.40 0.67 2.00 0.86 0% 0.41 3 0.36 0.89 99.2% 3 1%
 11-20

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Code # Samples % Capped Values Uncapped Values
Mean
(Au g/t)
SD Capped
(Au g/t)
CV % GT Mean
(Au g/t)
Max
(Au g/t)
SD CV Percentile No. Capped Metal Loss
Azacualpa 2,793 2% 0.32 0.84 5.00 2.08 2% 0.34 14 0.88 2.57 99.2% 22 6%
   AZA(OXI-ORE) 1,077 1% 0.51 0.93 5.00 1.64 1% 0.56 14 1.19 2.14 98.5% 16 9%
   AZA(MIX-ORE) 304 0% 0.66 0.21 5.00 1.41 0% 0.68 8 1.04 1.53 98.4% 5 3%
   AZA(SUL-ORE) 15 0% 0.26 0.96 0.79 0.81 0% 0.26 1 0.21 0.81 100.0% - 0%
Buffa 5,860 4% 0.45 1.55 9.00 2.14 5% 0.45 21 1.05 2.32 99.7% 16 2%
   BUF(OXI-ORE) 664 0% 1.27 1.13 9.00 1.22 2% 1.31 21 1.79 1.37 98.9% 7 3%
   BUF(MIX-ORE) 282 0% 0.86 1.55 5.00 1.31 0% 0.95 12 1.55 1.63 95.7% 12 9%
   BUF(SUL-ORE) 2,417 2% 0.51 0.75 5.00 1.46 2% 0.55 17 1.03 1.89 98.9% 27 7%

Notes:

 

SD Standard Deviation

 

CV Coefficient of Variation

 

GT Grade-Thickness (Au g/t x Mts)

 

 11-21

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

11.5.2High Grade Restriction

 

A high yield restriction (HYR) is applied in the estimation passes 2, 3, and 4 such that the composite is capped at 1 g/t Au at distances greater than 50% of the estimation range.

 

11.6Compositing

 

The composite length within each estimation domain (oxidation, grade and area) was chosen to reflect the sample resolution expected in the grade control system for the Mine. In current operations, grade control is based on 6 m blast holes and 6 m bench heights, the resource block model is 10 m x 10 m x 6 m, and the normal sample length in RC is 1.52 m and in DD 1.5 m. A composite length of 1.5 m was selected. Using hard geological boundary (estimation domain, combination between mineralization, grade and area), if the residual sample is less that 0.75 m, it is added to the previous interval.

 

SLR reviewed composites with the raw data and observed no changes in the mean values, a small reduction in standard deviation (SD) from 0.776 to 0.717, and a small reduction in the maximum value from 56.90 g/t Au to 37.83 g/t Au (Figure 11-13). The SLR QP considers the selected length and the compositing strategy to be appropriate.

 

Figure 11-13: Cumulative Distribution Comparison between Drill Holes Raw Data vs Composite

 

 

 

 

  Drill holes Composites
Samples 156,230 155,137
Minimum 0.002 0.002
Maximum 56.09 37.83
Mean 0.347 0.346
SD 0.776 0.717
CV 2.235 2.072
Variance 0.602 0.513
Skewness 16.566 14.501
Log mean -1.946 -1.910
Log variance 2.254 2.180
Geometric mean 0.143 0.148

 
 

 11-22

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

11.7Trend Analysis

 

11.7.1Grade x Thickness Distribution and Trend Analysis

 

SLR generated grade x thickness (GT) in plan and in north-south and east-west sections at a 0.05 g/t Au cut-off, identifying the main mineralization trends and the association with the Main Trend in the north and Banana Fault in the south. High grade intervals are observed in the area where two or more faults or trends are combined. Experimental variograms incorporate GT and the fault system in the analysis.

 

The general mineralized styles or trends are associated with Breccia/Conglomerate reflected in the Main Trend V2 and V1, enriched with the NNE/N fault Reinita, Denisse, and the NNE/S Banana Fault.

 

 11-23

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Figure 11-14: Grade x Thickness – Plan View

 

 

 11-24

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Figure 11-15: Grade x Thickness (GT) – East-West Section

 

 

 11-25

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Figure 11-16: Grade x Thickness – North-South Section

 

 

 11-26

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11.7.2Variography

 

Experimental variograms were calculated and modelled in Leapfrog for all the estimation domains were generated based on a number of geological parameters, which include oxidation type, gold grade wireframes and structural zone, and applied in the ordinary kriging (OK) estimation and in the classification. Key assumptions for the variogram analysis include:

 

·Variograms use 1.5 m composites, for each estimation domains.

 

·Variograms are oriented parallel to the main structural axes of the mineralized zones.

 

Figure 11-17 and Figure 11-18 present the variogram models for the Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo domains, which contain over 70% of the estimated Mineral Resources. Table 11-8 summarizes all the gold variogram models use in the estimation. Based on the relevance of these domains, the variogram range for the Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo domains were used as classification criteria.

 

In the estimation process, the SLR QP, in coordination with the Mine’s geology team, reviewed and re-ran all the variograms to confirm they were appropriate for use in the Mineral Resource estimation.

 

Figure 11-17: Esperanza Alto Oxide Variogram

 

 

 11-27

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Figure 11-18: Esperanza Bajo Oxide Variogram

 

 

 11-28

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 11-8: Variogram Model Parameters

 

Area Domain Variance Normalized Nugget Dip Dip Az. Pitch Normal sill Major Semi-major Minor Normal sill Major Semi-major Minor
Azacualpa ORE OXI 0.624 0.200 25 240 30 0.400 50 5 5 0.40 80 25 6
ORE MIX 0.299 0.200 25 240 30 0.400 50 5 5 0.40 80 25 6
ORE SULPH 0.030 0.250 25 240 30 0.430 40 15 2.5 0.32 80 30 5
Banana Ridge ORE OXI 0.113 0.150 36 250 170 0.450 25 5 5 0.40 40 18 12
ORE MIX 0.102 0.150 36 250 170 0.500 25 8 5 0.35 80 30 25
ORE SULPH 0.108 0.150 36 250 170 0.500 40 20 6 0.35 80 30 25
ESP ALTO ORE OXI 0.107 0.190 10 62 55 0.460 5 13 5 0.35 48 39 30
ORE MIX 0.077 0.190 10 62 55 0.280 20 28 4 0.53 26 40 18
ORE SULPH 0.253 0.190 10 62 55 0.314 65 28 3 0.50 190 60 10
ESP BAJO ORE OXI 0.254 0.180 25 90 125 0.470 10 10 8 0.35 45 40 17
ORE MIX 0.168 0.150 25 90 127 0.400 20 24 5 0.45 115 55 30
ORE SULPH 0.524 0.150 38 90 125 0.300 30 15 7 0.55 105 85 18
ESP ELCC ORE OXI 0.174 0.120 6 117 110 0.420 50 40 4 0.46 150 165 18
ORE MIX 0.245 0.300 6 117 110 0.310 45 45 9 0.39 145 70 20
ORE SULPH 0.238 0.300 6 117 110 0.440 45 45 4 0.26 145 70 6
ESP WTH ORE OXI 5.555 0.180 23 85 75 0.470 8 16 7 0.35 20 20 13
ORE MIX 0.386 0.180 23 85 75 0.470 30 15 4 0.35 40 40 8
ORE SULPH 0.015 0.180 23 85 75 0.470 30 15 4 0.35 40 40 8
Buffa Zone ORE OXI 2.395 0.380 37 127 50 0.400 25 29 5 0.22 55 39 18
ORE MIX 2.354 0.380 37 127 50 0.440 30 21 8 0.18 80 40 15
ORE SULPH 0.924 0.380 37 197 0 0.440 30 21 15 0.18 90 50 30
 11-29

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Area Domain Variance Normalized Nugget Dip Dip Az. Pitch Normal sill Major Semi-major Minor Normal sill Major Semi-major Minor
Azacualpa WST OXI 0.060 0.250 25 240 30 0.500 24 12 16 0.25 50 32 30
WST MIX 0.160 0.250 25 240 120 0.503 24 12 16 0.25 50 32 30
WST SULPH 0.000 0.250 25 240 120 0.503 24 12 16 0.25 50 32 30
Banana Ridge WST OXI 0.022 0.150 36 250 170 0.500 18 35 35 0.35 50 40 40
WST MIX 0.006 0.150 36 250 170 0.503 18 35 35 0.35 50 40 40
WST SULPH 0.003 0.150 36 250 170 0.503 18 35 35 0.35 50 40 40
ESP ALTO WST OXI 0.019 0.250 10 62 55 0.150 35 30 7 0.60 105 90 50
WST MIX 0.025 0.250 10 62 55 0.150 35 30 7 0.60 105 90 50
WST SULPH 0.014 0.250 10 62 55 0.150 35 30 7 0.60 105 90 50
 ESP BAJO WST OXI 0.023 0.120 25 90 125 0.720 105 12 10 0.16 200 45 35
WST MIX 0.024 0.124 38 90 125 0.576 105 12 30 0.30 200 45 35
WST SULPH 0.014 0.124 38 90 125 0.576 105 12 30 0.30 200 45 35
ESP ELCC WST OXI 0.014 0.120 6 117 20 0.637 70 12 4.5 0.24 100 55 10
WST MIX 0.015 0.120 6 117 20 0.637 70 12 4.5 0.24 100 55 10
WST SULPH 0.032 0.120 6 117 20 0.637 70 12 4.5 0.24 100 55 10
ESP WTH WST OXI 0.019 0.120 23 85 160 0.530 16 9 9 0.35 40 35 18
WST MIX 0.013 0.120 23 85 160 0.530 16 9 9 0.35 40 35 18
WST SULPH 0.032 0.120 23 85 160 0.530 16 9 9 0.35 40 35 18
Buffa Zone WST OXI 0.017 0.380 37 127 50 0.440 34 25 8 0.18 80 40 15
WST MIX 0.009 0.380 37 127 50 0.183 60 40 8 0.44 90 50 30
WST SULPH 0.029 0.380 37 197 0 0.440 60 40 8 0.18 90 50 30
 11-30

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11.8Block Models

 

Block model uses a 10 m x 10 m x 6 m parent block size and does not use sub-blocking. The block model is unrotated and has model extents and location as tabulated in Table 11-9.

 

Table 11-9: Block Model Definition

 

Minimum Maximum Block Size  # of Blocks
X (m) Y (m) Z (m) X (m) Y (m) Z (m) X (m) Y (m) Z (m) X Y Y
289450 1631470 348 292680 1634100 1350 10 10 6 323 263 167

 

11.9Search Strategy and Grade Interpolation Parameters

 

Resource estimation was completed using ordinary kriging (OK), applying dynamic anisotropy (DA) by geological domain and using ellipsoid ranges selected by variography.

 

The estimation strategy applied a multi-pass strategy by the different estimation domain:

 

·1st pass: Uses the full range variography and a sample restriction of a minimum of 8 composites, a maximum of 32 composites, and a maximum of 4 composites per hole. This resulted in a minimum of two drill holes and a maximum of eight drill holes used per block.

 

·2nd pass: Uses the double range variography. Sample restrictions were set at a minimum of 8, a maximum of 32, and a maximum of 4 per hole, resulting in a minimum of two drill holes and a maximum of eight drill holes.

 

·3rd pass: Uses the triple range variography and a sample restriction of a minimum of 3, a maximum of 32, and a maximum of 4 per hole, resulting in a minimum of one drill hole and a maximum of eight drill holes.

 

·4th pass: Uses the quadruple range variography and a sample restriction of a minimum of 3, a maximum of 32, and a maximum of 4 per hole, resulting in a minimum of one drill hole and a maximum of eight drill holes.

 

In the estimation passes 2, 3, and 4, a HYR restriction is applied that a composite is capped at 1 g/t Au at distances greater than 50% of the estimation range to control the impact of high grade values.

 

All passes use 5x5x3 kriging discretization.

 

The selection of a maximum of four composites per drill hole was chosen in consideration of the 1.5-m composite length and six metre block height.

 

Nearest neighbor (NN) estimates and the blast hole block model with production data were used for validation purposes.

 

 11-31

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Table 11-10: Sample Selection Strategy

 

  Run Ellipsoid Ranges Samples Outlier Restrictions Sector Search
Major Semi-Minor Min Max Max per
Hole
Method1 Distance % Threshold Au g/t Search
Division
Max Samples
per Sector
Max Empty
Sectors
Ore RUN1 Full Range 8 32 4       Quadrant 8 1
RUN2 Full Range x 2 8 32 4 Clamp 50 1 Quadrant 8 2
RUN3 Full Range x 3 3 32 4 Clamp 50 1 Quadrant 8 3
RUN4 Full Range x 5 3 32 4 Clamp 50 1 Quadrant 8 3
WST RUN1 Full Range 8 32 4 None     Quadrant 8 0
RUN2 Full Range x 2 3 32 4 None     Quadrant 8 3
RUN3 Full Range x 3 3 32 4 None     Quadrant 8 3
RUN4 Full Range x 5 3 32 4 None     Quadrant 8 3

Notes:

 

1. The clamp method reduces the high values (over 1 g/t Au) to the Value Threshold (1 g/t Au).

 
                         
 11-32

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 11-11: Search Strategy and Grade Interpolation Parameters

 

 Area  Domain
(Oxidation and Au envelope)
 Ellipsoid Directions Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN1
Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN2
Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN3
Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN4
Dip Dip Az. Pitch Max Inter Min Max Inter Min Maxi Inter Min Max Inter Min
 Azacualpa ORE OXI 25 240 30 80 25 6 160 50 12 240 75 18 600 110 60
ORE MIX Variable Orientation (DA) 80 25 6 160 50 12 240 15 18 1200 450 75
ORE SULPH 80 30 5 160 60 10 240 90 15      
 Banana Ridge ORE OXI 40 18 12 80 36 24 120 54 36 975 375 75
ORE MIX 80 30 25 160 60 50 240 90 75 480 180 150
ORE SULPH 80 30 25 160 60 50 240 90 75      
 ESP ALTO ORE OXI Variable Orientation (DA) 48 39 30 96 78 60 144 117 90 270 120 96
ORE MIX 26 40 18 52 80 36 78 120 54 420 360 90
ORE SULPH 190 60 10 380 120 20 570 180 30      
 ESP BAJO ORE OXI 45 40 17 90 80 34 135 120 51 390 240 132
ORE MIX 115 55 30 230 110 60 345 165 90 630 510 108
ORE SULPH 105 85 18 210 170 36 315 255 54      
 ESP ELCC ORE OXI 150 165 18 300 330 36 450 495 54 780 480 120
ORE MIX 145 70 20 290 140 40 425 210 60 850 420 120
ORE SULPH 145 70 6 290 140 12 425 210 18      
 ESP WTH ORE OXI 20 20 13 40 40 26 60 60 39 144 108 60
ORE MIX 40 40 8 80 80 16 120 120 24 240 240 48
ORE SULPH 40 40 8 80 80 16 120 120 24      
 Buffa Zone ORE OXI Variable Orientation 55 39 18 110 78 36 165 117 54 1350 750 450
ORE MIX 80 40 15 160 80 30 240 120 45      
ORE SULPH   90 50 30 180 100 60 270 150 90      
 11-33

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

 Area  Domain
(Oxidation and Au envelope)
 Ellipsoid Directions Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN1
Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN2
Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN3
Ellipsoid Ranges
RUN4
Dip Dip Az. Pitch Max Inter Min Max Inter Min Maxi Inter Min Max Inter Min
 Azacualpa WST OXI 25 240 30 80 25 6 100 64 60 200 128 120      
WST MIX 25 240 120 50 32 30 100 64 60 200 128 120      
WST SULPH 25 240 120 50 32 30 100 64 60 200 128 120      
 Banana Ridge WST OXI 36 250 170 50 40 40 100 80 80 200 160 160      
WST MIX 36 250 170 50 40 40 100 80 80 200 160 160 1000 800 800
WST SULPH 36 250 170 50 40 40 100 80 80 200 160 160      
 ESP ALTO WST OXI 10 62 55 105 90 50 210 180 100 420 360 200      
WST MIX 10 62 55 105 90 50 210 180 100 420 360 200      
WST SULPH 10 62 55 105 90 50 210 180 100 420 360 200      
 ESP BAJO WST OXI 38 90 125 200 45 35 400 90 75 800 180 150      
WST MIX 38 90 125 200 45 35 400 90 75 800 180 150      
WST SULPH 38 90 125 200 45 35 400 90 75 800 180 150      
 ESP ELCC WST OXI 6 117 20 100 55 10 200 110 20 400 220 40 800 440 80
WST MIX 6 117 20 100 55 10 200 110 20 400 220 40      
WST SULPH 6 117 20 100 55 10 200 110 20 400 220 40      
 ESP WTH WST OXI 23 85 160 40 35 18 80 70 36 160 140 72      
WST MIX 23 85 160 40 35 18 80 70 36 160 140 72      
WST SULPH 23 85 160 40 35 18 80 70 36 160 140 72      
 Buffa Zone WST OXI 37 127 50 80 40 15 160 80 30 240 120 45 720 400 240
WST MIX 37 197 0 90 50 30 180 100 60 360 200 120      
WST SULPH 37 197 0 90 50 30 180 100 60 360 200 120      
 11-34

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Figure 11-19: Variable Orientation. Dynamic Anisotropy (DA)

 

 

 11-35

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11.10Estimation Validation

 

SLR’s validation followed industry standard techniques and included:

 

·Visual inspection of cross sections and plan views, viewing drill hole samples versus block estimates (Figure 11-20 through Figure 11-23)

 

·Comparison of the OK and NN estimation statistics (Table 11-12)

 

·Comparison of average assay grades with average block estimates along northing, easting, and elevation directions (swath plots presented in Figure 11-24 to Figure 11-26)

 

·Comparison between the 2024 block model and blast hole model

 

·Comparison between the 2023 block model and 2024 block model

 

11.10.1Visual Inspection

 

Visual validation included comparing the drill hole samples and the estimated model grades in both plan and section. Plans and sections were also checked for smearing of grades across stacked ore/mineralized zones, and no smearing was identified. This validates the kriging parameters used to estimate the cells.

 

Typical cross sections comparing exploration drill hole data and block model estimates are shown in Figure 11-20, Figure 11-21, and Figure 11-22. Figure 11-23 presents the comparison in plan view.

 

 11-36

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Figure 11-20: Section North 1632550 Block Model and Drill holes

 

 

 11-37

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Figure 11-21: Section North 1632550 Production Data and Drill holes

 

 

 11-38

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Figure 11-22: Section East 291000 Block Model and Drill Holes

 

 

 11-39

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Figure 11-23: Elevation Plan 1000 Block Model and Drill Holes

 

 

 11-40

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11.10.2Comparison of the OK and NN estimation statistics

 

Checks for global bias were conducted on a domain basis, and the relative percent differences of the kriged mean gold grades were checked against the Nearest Neighbor estimates. The undiluted model shows a 5% positive difference, as shown in Table 11-12, which is acceptable in the SLR QP’s opinion.

 

Table 11-12: Reserve Estimation (OK) versus NN Gold Grade Estimation

 

Area Miner Tonnage
(000 t)
OK
(g/t Au)
NN
(g/t Au)
Au Difference
Esperanza Alto ORE OXI 50,358 0.361 0.360 0%
ORE MIX 2,201 0.410 0.425 -4%
WST OXI 7,376 0.114 0.113 1%
WST MIX 116 0.093 0.098 -5%
Esperanza Bajo ORE OXI 88,747 0.453 0.469 -4%
ORE MIX 8,895 0.508 0.509 0%
WST OXI 15,393 0.113 0.110 3%
WST MIX 1,097 0.103 0.101 2%
Esperanza East Ledge & Cerro Cortez ORE OXI 32,260 0.404 0.422 -4%
ORE MIX 11,416 0.573 0.582 -2%
WST OXI 3,343 0.086 0.081 6%
WST MIX 775 0.099 0.075 31%
Esperanza Water Tank Hill ORE OXI 15,532 0.687 0.864 -20%
ORE MIX 166 0.450 0.396 14%
WST OXI 1,729 0.100 0.096 4%
WST MIX 12 0.169 0.140 21%
Banana Ridge ORE OXI 15,339 0.362 0.381 -5%
ORE MIX 547 0.458 0.490 -7%
WST OXI 4,012 0.123 0.119 4%
WST MIX 142 0.064 0.055 17%
Azacualpa ORE OXI 4,771 0.436 0.488 -11%
ORE MIX 1,428 0.563 0.675 -17%
WST OXI 3,453 0.117 0.119 -1%
WST MIX 1,382 0.112 0.082 37%
Buffa ORE OXI 2,525 1.116 1.376 -19%
ORE MIX 825 0.863 1.080 -20%
WST OXI 62 0.061 0.059 3%
 11-41

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Area Miner Tonnage
(000 t)
OK
(g/t Au)
NN
(g/t Au)
Au Difference
  WST MIX 70 0.085 0.100 -15%
  Oxide 244,899 0.394 0.418 -6%
Mixed 29,071 0.497 0.502 -3%
  Total 273,838 0.404 0.427 -5%

 

The difference between OK estimation and NN in the Esperanza Water Tank Hill oxide are associated with high grade drill holes SA-005, SA-031, SA-035, SA-081, SA-199, SA-239, SA-245, SA-276, SC-04 and appropriately controlled in the OK estimation.

 

11.10.3Swath Plots

 

Swath plots were generated to compare the NN gold grades, the OK gold grades, and the drill holes samples in elevation, east, and north directions. No local bias and minor smoothing were observed in the estimates (Figure 11-24 to Figure 11-26).

 

Figure 11-24: Swath Plot Elevation: Drill Hole Grades, OK and NN Grade Estimation

 

 

SLR observes positive differences of the drill samples in gold at level 1185, which are generated by high-grade intercepts of drill holes SA-174, SA-035 and SA-038.

 

 11-42

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Figure 11-25: Swath Plot Easting: Drill Hole Grades, OK and NN Grade Estimation

 

 

Figure 11-26: Swath Plot Northing: Drill Hole Grades, OK and NN Grade Estimation

 

 

SLR observed a high grade area at the north in Buffa generated by high-grade intercepts of drill holes MO-15-47, MC-20-94, MC-20-93 and MC-20-95.

 

It is the SLR QP’s opinion that the block grade distributions were found to be a reasonable correlation for the composite grade distributions, kriged, and NN estimates in all three swath plots. Typical variability of gold grade distribution was observed in lower-density portions of the Mineral Resource and in the edges of the Resource model due to lower data density.

 

11.10.4Comparison between the 2024 Resource Model and Blast Hole Block Model

 

The undiluted grade control model (the Blast Hole Block Model or BH Model) was generated using all the available production data. The comparison of the BH Model to the 2024 Resource

 

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Model, using a 0.214 Au g/t cut-off grade, is provided in Table 11-13. The BH Model estimation applies 5 g/t Au capping.

 

The grade and tonnes comparison and contained ounces comparisons are provided by elevation in Figure 11-27 and Figure 11-28, respectively. The comparison between production data (blast hole model) and the resource block model at 0.214 Au g/t cut-off shows a 15% positive difference in gold grade and a 9% positive difference in contained ounces.

 

Table 11-13: Mineral Resource Model Comparison with Production Data

 

Au > 0.214 Tonne
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Ounces (000)
2024 Resource Model 113,163 0.45 1,624
BH Model 107,651 0.51 1,773
Ratio BH Model / Resource Model 95% 115% 109%

 

Figure 11-27: Grade and Tonnes Comparison between 2024 Resource Model vs. Blast Hole Block Model

 

 

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Figure 11-28: Contained Metal Comparison between 2024 Resource Model vs. Blast Hole Block Model

 

 

Figure 11-29: Tonnes, Grade, and Contained Metal Comparison between 2024 Resource Model vs. Blast Hole Block Model

 

 

11.10.5Comparison between Exploration and Production Data

 

SLR compared the exploration drill hole data and blast hole (BH) production data and found that the production data showed higher values. The comparison used samples that were within 5 m of each other. RC and DD samples were composited at 6 m, similar in length to the blast holes.

 

The comparison between production BH data with RC data shows that the production data gold grade is approximately 15% higher than that seen in the RC data. In the grade range of 0.5 g/t Au to 1.5 g/t Au the positive bias is approximately 10%; over 1.5 g/t Au the positive bias is approximately 20%.

 

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Figure 11-30: Production BH vs. RC Hole Comparison - Histogram at 5 m Distances and Mean Comparison at Various Sample Separation Distances

 

 

Figure 11-31: Production BH vs. RC Hole Comparison - QQ Plot and Cumulative Probability Plot

 

 

The comparison between the production BH data and DD data shows that the production data gold grade is 7% higher. In the grade range of 0.5 g/t Au to 1.5 g/t Au, the positive bias was approximately 10%; over 1.5 g/t Au the difference was larger.

 

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Figure 11-32: Production BH vs. DD Hole Comparison - Histogram at 5 m Distances and Mean Comparison at Various Sample Separation Distances

 

 

Figure 11-33: Production BH vs. DD Hole Comparison - QQ Plot and Cumulative Probability Plot

 

 

SLR also compared the RC and DD drill hole data. This comparison showed that the gold grade in the RC drilling was higher than the DD data in all grade ranges; however, based on the low number of paired data (238) between data sets, the comparison is not statistically valid. However, the analysis of the differences between RC and DD should continue.

 

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Figure 11-34: RC vs. DD Hole Comparison - Histogram at 5 m Distances and Mean Comparison at Various Sample Separation Distances

 

 

Figure 11-35: RC vs. DD Hole Comparison - QQ Plot and Cumulative Probability Plot

 

 

In summary, SLR observed that the BH grade is higher that of the RC drill holes, which is higher than the DD hole grade, i.e., BH Au g/t > RC Au g/t > DD Au g/t.

 

The SLR QP recommends investigating the sampling bias among hole types used in the resource model, with particular emphasis on evaluating the potential positive bias of blast holes relative to RC and DD holes as well as the positive bias of RC relative to DD samples.

 

11.10.6Production Reconciliation – 2010 to 2024

 

From 2010 to 2024, the comparison between actual gold ounces production and the estimated gold ounces from the process plant shows a 99.5% correlation (actual ounces / estimated ounces). In the last five years, from 2020 to 2024, this comparison was 102.5%. These comparisons show a good correlation between actual gold production and the process plant.

 

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The grade control model and the process plant were also compared as part of the reconciliation process. From 2010 to 2024, the comparison shows a 96.3% correlation (Ore to Pad/ Ore Mined). In the last five years, from 2020 to 2024, this comparison is 99.8%.

 

The production data was delivered by Minosa process team.

 

Figure 11-36: Estimated Recovered Gold Ounces vs Production Ounces 2010 to 2024

 

 

Figure 11-37: Reconciliation Trend from 2010 to 2024 of Process Plant vs. Ore Mined (Tonnes, Gold Grade, and Ounces)

 

 

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Table 11-14: Reconciliation of Grade Control, Process Plant and Gold Production

 

Year Ore Mined (Grade Control) Ore to Pad (Process Plant) Estimated Gold Recovery Gold Sales
(000 oz)
Gold Prod.
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Metal
(000 oz Au)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Metal
(000 oz Au)
Recovery
(%)
Contained Metal
(000 oz Au)
2010 4,914 0.72 114 4,781 0.72 111 66 73 70 71
2011 4,313 0.74 102 4,302 0.68 94 69 65 66 61
2012 4,373 0.64 89 4,264 0.63 86 79 68 53 60
2013 5,465 0.59 103 5,370 0.56 96 77 74 65 64
2014 6,151 0.48 94 6,167 0.46 92 98 90 85 89
2015 6,202 0.49 99 6,149 0.49 98 86 84 85 84
2016 6,531 0.47 100 6,459 0.47 98 68 67 75 78
2017 6,693 0.45 98 6,699 0.39 85 91 77 80 82
2018 6,042 0.47 91 6,065 0.42 83 83 69 67 64
2019 5,178 0.51 86 5,173 0.48 79 70 55 59 58
2020 4,114 0.54 71 4,005 0.54 70 68 47 57 61
2021 5,744 0.56 103 5,611 0.56 101 77 78 90 88
2022 5,442 0.49 85 5,485 0.49 86 71 61 63 61
2023 7,096 0.45 102 7,096 0.45 102 74 76 66 66
2024 8,454 0.44 118 8,545 0.44 120 71 85 79 78
2010 to 2024 86,714 0.52 1,455 86,174 0.51 1,401 76 1,070 1,061 1,065

 

It is the SLR QP’s opinion that the review between actual gold ounces produced, the expected gold ounces from the process plant, and the ore dispatched from the mine from 2010 to 2024 shows good performance. Also, the review indicates that the blast hole samples are reliable.

 

11.10.7Comparison between the 2024 Block Model and 2023 Block Model

 

SLR compared the grade and tonnages from the 2024 and 2023 block models within the resource pit (Figure 11-38). The 2023 block model shows a significant break in grade and tonnage at 0.15 g/t Au cut-off grade associated with the grade shell used in the estimation; the 2024 estimation management better the grade shell in the estimation and show smooth variation and 0.15 Au g/t between the model of 2023 and 2024. The comparison between the 2024 and 2023 block models shows a significant difference in metal in the low grade range (0 to 0.5 g/t Au). Table 11-15 shows the 2023 and 2024 block model comparison at different gold cut-off grades within the 2024 resource shell with the original topography.

 

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Figure 11-38: Grade and Tonnage Comparison of the 2024 vs 2023 Block models (within Resource shell using the Original Topography)

 

 

Table 11-15: Comparison between the 2024 and 2023 Block Models (within Resource shell using Original Topography)

 

  2024 Block Model (BM) 2023 Block Model (BM) Difference
[(2024 BM – 2023 BM)/2023 BM]
Cut-off
(g/t Au)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Gold
(000 oz)
0.00 285,924 0.40 3,654 273,465 0.38 3,344 5% 5% 9%
0.10 260,901 0.43 3,610 243,320 0.42 3,279 7% 3% 10%
0.15 245,802 0.45 3,550 212,300 0.46 3,154 16% -3% 13%
0.20 227,767 0.47 3,447 194,678 0.49 3,057 17% -4% 13%
0.215 220,137 0.48 3,397 190,242 0.49 3,027 16% -3% 12%
0.30 165,296 0.55 2,940 140,187 0.58 2,604 18% -4% 13%
0.335 143,386 0.59 2,717 119,579 0.62 2,394 20% -5% 13%
0.40 108,267 0.66 2,303 93,708 0.69 2,091 16% -5% 10%
0.50 68,960 0.78 1,739 66,739 0.79 1,703 3% -1% 2%
0.60 44,453 0.92 1,309 47,511 0.89 1,365 -6% 2% -4%
0.70 29,106 1.06 990 33,406 1.00 1,072 -13% 6% -8%
0.80 19,443 1.21 759 23,425 1.10 832 -17% 10% -9%
0.90 13,516 1.37 597 16,608 1.21 646 -19% 14% -8%
1.00 9,871 1.53 486 11,918 1.31 503 -17% 17% -3%
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In the SLR QP’s opinion, the 2024 block model grade and tonnage curve shows a more realistic distribution when comparing the 2024 vs 2023 full block models within the resource pit without depletion, as illustrated in Figure 11-39.

 

Figure 11-39: Grade and Tonnage Comparison for the 2024 vs 2023 Block model (within Resource shell using YE 2014 Topography)

 

 

Table 11-16: Grade and Tonnage Comparison for the 2024 vs 2023 Block Models (within Resource shell using December 2024 Topography)

 

Cut-Off Grade
(g/t Au)
2024 Block Model 2023 Block Model Difference
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnes
(%)
Grade
(%)
Ounces
(%)
0 88,342 0.37 1,062 79,156 0.41 1,032      
0.1 80,506 0.40 1,048 75,430 0.42 1,023 7% -4% 2%
0.15 75,852 0.42 1,029 69,754 0.45 1,000 9% -5% 3%
0.2 70,376 0.44 998 64,943 0.47 973 8% -5% 3%
0.215 67,953 0.45 982 63,175 0.47 961 8% -5% 2%
0.3 48,714 0.52 822 43,562 0.57 796 12% -8% 3%
0.335 40,803 0.56 741 35,770 0.62 716 14% -9% 3%
0.4 28,839 0.65 600 26,514 0.71 608 9% -9% -1%
0.5 16,674 0.80 426 17,988 0.84 486 -7% -5% -12%
0.6 10,439 0.94 317 12,594 0.96 391 -17% -2% -19%
0.7 6,931 1.10 244 9,053 1.09 317 -23% 1% -23%
0.8 4,795 1.25 193 6,544 1.22 257 -27% 3% -25%
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Cut-Off Grade
(g/t Au)
2024 Block Model 2023 Block Model Difference
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Grade
(g/t Au)
Contained Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnes
(%)
Grade
(%)
Ounces
(%)
0.9 3,479 1.40 157 4,909 1.34 212 -29% 4% -26%
1 2,692 1.54 133 3,729 1.47 176 -28% 5% -24%

 

11.11Bulk Density

 

The density database contains 15,374 measurements, which were collected by Greenstone from 1997 to 1998 and by Aura from 2015 to 2023, with an average of 2.38 g/cm3. Simple kriging was used to estimate the density by lithology.

 

Waste stock material is assigned an average density of 1.8 g/cm3 regardless of lithology.

 

The SLR QP recommends continuing to use simple kriging to estimate density but incorporating a global mean to reduce the local variations.

 

11.12Cut-off Grade and Whittle Parameters

 

Metal prices used for Mineral Reserves are based on consensus, long term forecasts from banks, financial institutions, and other sources. For Mineral Resources, metal prices used are slightly higher than those for Reserves. The parameters for calculating the cut-off grade for estimating Mineral Resources are presented in Table 11-17.

 

All other assumptions including slope angles, and other costs that are used in the pit shell optimization are considered the same for both resources and reserves and are summarized in Section 12.6 of this TRS.

 

Table 11-17: Resources Cut-off Parameters

 

Parameter Resources December 2023 in AIF Resource December 2024
US$/oz 1,900 2,200
Mining Cost Ore ($/t moved)   2.44
Processing Cost (&/t processed)   6.27
G&A cost ($/t processed)   1.88
Royalty (%/Selling Price)   5
Dilution (%)   0
Mining Recovery (%)   100
Cut-off Grade – Oxide    
Gold Metallurgical Recovery (%) 72 70
Cut-off Grade (g/t Au) 0.21 0.19
Cut-off Grade – Mixed    
Gold Metallurgical Recovery (%) 54 45
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Parameter Resources December 2023 in AIF Resource December 2024
Cut-off Grade (g/t Au) 0.27 0.29

Notes:

 

AIF Annual Information Form (Aura 2024c)

 

11.13Classification

 

Definitions for Mineral Resource categories used in this TRS are those defined by SEC in S-K 1300. Mineral Resources are classified into Measured, Indicated, and Inferred categories.

 

The Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo variogram range and the distance to mine production were used in the classification criteria.

 

For oxide and mixed mineralization, the following classification criteria were based on the Esperanza Alto and Esperanza Bajo variogram ranges as well as the distance to recent mine production (i.e., 2023 or 2024 mining areas). These classification criteria are listed:

 

·Measured classification: Blocks with a drill hole spacing (DHS) of up to 50 m (the full variogram range) and located within 25 m of recent mine production from 2023 and 2024. Most of the measured blocks (90%) fall within a 35-m DHS.

 

·Indicated classification: Blocks with a DHS of 50 m (full variogram range) and located outside of the 25 m of recent mine production from 2023 and 2024.

 

·Inferred classification: Blocks with a DHS between 50 m to 100 m (double full variogram range).

 

The Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates exclude all sulphide material, as gold recovery from this material is currently not economically viable. Figure 11-40 shows a section view of the Mineral Resources classification.

 

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Figure 11-40: Mineral Resources Classification. Section 1632500 North

 

 

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The classification validation (Figure 11-41) shows that 90% of the Measured ounces are within 35 m DHS, 90% of the Indicated ounces are within 45 m DHS, and 90% of the Inferred blocks are within 80 m DHS.

 

In the SLR QP’s opinion, the DHS, based on the variogram ranges applied in the classification, is appropriate for this deposit type and its associated variography. A post processing classification solid was generated to remove isolated small patches and irregular shapes, yielding more realistic shapes from a mining perspective.

 

Figure 11-41: Percentage of Contained Gold vs Drill Hole Spacing by Classification

 

 

11.14Mineral Resource Reporting

 

Mineral Resources have been classified in accordance with the definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300.

 

Mineral Resources exclusive of Mineral Reserves for the San Andrés Mine, are shown in Table 11-18, with an effective date of December 31, 2024:

 

Table 11-18: Summary of Mineral Resources at San Andrés Mine – Effective Date December 31, 2024

 

Category Oxide Mixed Total
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Measured 1,070 0.27 9 387 0.54 7 1,457 0.34 16
Indicated 21,136 0.38 256 3,082 0.55 54 24,218 0.40 310
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Category Oxide Mixed Total
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Tonnage
(000 t)
Au
(g/t)
Contained
Gold
(000 oz)
Measured + Indicated 22,206 0.372 265 3,469 0.54 61 25,675 0.40 326
Inferred 6,921 0.42 94 1,629 0.56 29 8,550 0.45 123

Notes:

 

1.

The definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Resources.

 

2.

The Mineral Resource estimate is reported on a 100% ownership basis.

 

3.

Mineral Resources are contained within a pit shell and are estimated in situ.

 

4.

Mining dilution, mining losses, or process losses were not applied in estimating Mineral Resources.

 

5.

Mineral Resources are estimated at a cut-off grade of 0.187 g/t Au Oxide and 0.291 g/t Au Mix.

 

6.

Metallurgical recovery is 70% for oxide material and 45% for mixed material.

 

7.      

 Mineral Resources are estimated using a long-term gold price of US$2,200 per ounce.

 

8.

A minimum mining width of 6 m was used.

 

9.

The Mineral Resources are also constrained by a 50 m exclusion zone along the Agua Caliente River,

 

10.

Bulk density is estimated by lithology and averages 2.38 g/cm3.

 

11.

Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves.

 

12.

Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

 

13.

 Numbers may not add due to rounding.

 

The SLR QP is of the opinion that with consideration of the recommendations summarized in Sections 1 and 23 of this TRS, any issues relating to all relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction can be resolved with further work.

 

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Figure 11-42: Mineral Resources with the Resource Pit

 

 

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11.14.1Sources of Uncertainty

 

Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic or process viability, nor is there any certainty that all or any part of the Mineral Resource estimate will be converted to Mineral Reserves through further study.

 

The SLR QP has identified four technical and/or economic factors that require further attention.

 

·While the boundaries between oxide/mixed and sulphide materials are considered acceptable, they lack robustness due to the exclusion of the AuCN/Au ratio. The current boundary definitions may impact the accuracy of metallurgical and operational predictions.

 

·Given the increasing incorporation of mixed material into the mine plan in recent years, a more precise definition of this material type is warranted. Currently, there is considerable uncertainty, as this zone exhibits variability and is defined solely through geological logging.

 

·With mining operations approaching areas containing sulphide material, accurately defining this boundary is critical to ensuring effective planning and processing strategies.

 

·A comparison of production blast hole (BH) data with RC data indicates a positive bias of 15% in gold (Au) grades. This presents an opportunity to enhance the grade estimation in the Mineral Resource model. To better understand the observed discrepancies, further in-depth sampling and reconciliation studies are recommended.

 

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12.0Mineral Reserve Estimates

 

12.1Summary

 

The Mineral Reserve estimation for the San Andrés Mine was conducted using the Pseudoflow optimization methodology, incorporating detailed block models and applying appropriate modifying factors such as mining dilution, recovery, and pit design parameters. The final pit limits are constrained by multiple factors including geotechnical considerations, property boundaries, and environmental buffers. Notably, the eastern extent of the pit is limited by the proximity of the Río Lara, which serves as a natural constraint and was incorporated into the pit design to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and minimize hydrological impact.

 

The Mineral Reserve estimation is based on a block model exported from Leapfrog Geo (LongTerm_Nov2024.bmf). The model uses a 10 m x 10 m x 6 m parent block size without sub-blocking. It is unrotated, with an azimuth of 0°, dip of 0°, and pitch of 0°. The model extents are outlined in Table 11-9. The block model includes attributes for classification, lithology, mineralogy, density, and other relevant parameters, which were incorporated into the Pseudoflow optimization process to define the Mineral Reserves.

 

To ensure a robust reserve estimation, the optimization was conducted using multiple revenue factors, allowing for the assessment of economic sensitivity across different price scenarios. Additionally, the Pseudoflow optimization results were cross-checked against pit shells generated using Whittle’s Lerch-Grossmann algorithm. The comparison confirmed that both methodologies produced consistent and comparable results, supporting the reliability of the reserve estimation.

 

The Mineral Reserve estimate is based on key operational and economic parameters that define the viability of the open pit design. These include:

 

·Cut-off grades: Defined separately for oxide and mixed material, as outlined in Table 12-2.

 

·Metallurgical recoveries: Set at 70% for oxides and 45% for mixed materials, based on historical processing performance.

 

·Commodity pricing assumptions: Reserves were estimated using a gold price of US$2,000/oz, consistent with industry forecasts and economic analysis (refer to Section 16.0).

 

The definitions for Mineral Reserves in S-K 1300 were followed, ensuring that all relevant modifying factors—including geotechnical, environmental, metallurgical, and economic considerations—were applied to classify Proven and Probable Reserves.

 

The open pit design criteria used for reserve estimation are summarized in Table 12-1. These parameters were determined based on geotechnical assessments and operational constraints.

 

Table 12-1: Open Pit Main Design Parameters

 

Parameters Value
Bench height 6 m
Road width 14 m
Overall Pit Slope 31 - 45
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Parameters Value
Bench face angle 55 – 60
Minimum pit bottom 20 m
Berm width 4.0 m
Ramp Slope 12%

 

The cost parameters used for Mineral Reserve estimation and mine planning are outlined in Table 12-2. These estimates reflect current operational costs, adjusted for sustaining capital and economic assumptions.

 

Table 12-2: Cut-Off Grade Parameters

 

Parameter Value
Gold Price (US$/oz) 2,000
Oxide Recovery 70%
Mixed Recovery 45%
Costs - US$/t

Mine

    Mining Cost Ore ($/t ore moved)

    Mining Cost Waste ($/t waste moved)

    Mining Cost Waste Fill ($/t waste fill moved)

 

2.44

2.55

1.84

Processing ($/t ore processed) 6.27
G&A ($/t ore processed) 1.88
Sustaining cost/ton ore (Mine) 0.06
Sustaining cost/ton ore (process)  0.25
Royalty (%) 5%

 

The Mineral Reserve estimate, effective as at December 31, 2024, is summarized in Table 12-3, and the ultimate pit is illustrated in Figure 12-1 below. All Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources within the optimized pit shell, and meeting the applicable cutoff grades and modifying factors, were converted to Mineral Reserves. Specifically, 100% of the Measured Resources were converted to Proven Reserves and 100% of the Indicated Resources were converted to Probable Reserves. No Measured Resources were downgraded to Probable, and no Inferred Resources were included in the reserve estimate.

 

Table 12-3: Summary of Mineral Reserve Estimate – December 31, 2024

 

Category Tonnage
(000 t)
Tonnage (000 t) Grade (g/t Au) Contained Metal (oz Au)
Proven Oxide  8,206  0.36 93,977
  Mixed  468  0.50 7,519
Total Proven -  8,674  0.36 101,495
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Probable Oxide  20,696  0.46 305,410
  Mixed  1,286  0.54 22,282
Total Probable -  21,981  0.46 327,692
Total Proven + Probable -  30,655  0.44 429,187

Notes:

 

1.

The definitions for Mineral Reserves in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Reserves.

 

2.

 The effective date of the estimate is December 31, 2024.

 

3. 

The Mineral Reserve estimate is reported on a 100% ownership basis.

 

4. 

Mineral Reserves are estimated using an average long-term gold price of US$2,000 per ounce

 

5.

Mineral Reserves are reported as Run-of-Mine (ROM) material, reflecting ore delivered directly to the processing facility prior to crushing or beneficiation, after applying dilution (5%), mining recovery (95%), and operational adjustments incorporated into the final pit design. These adjustments include considerations for minimum mining widths, ramp placements, and geotechnical constraints to ensure practical mineability. The applied cut-off grades are 0.215 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.334 g/t Au for mixed material.

 

6. 

The bulk density of ore is variable and applied in the geological block model; it averages 2.7 t/m³.

 

7. 

The metallurgical recovery is 70% and 45% for Oxides and Mixed materials, respectively.

 

8. 

The Mineral Reserve did not consider any sulphide material.

 

9. 

The average strip ratio is 0.45:1.

 

10. 

Numbers may not add due to rounding.

 

The SLR QP is not aware of any risk factors associated with, or changes to, any aspects of the modifying factors such as mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, permitting, or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Figure 12-1: Final Pit Design

 

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

12.2Dilution

 

The optimized pit shell for the San Andrés Mine considered a dilution factor of 5%. This parameter is derived from historical reconciliation data, reflecting the Mine's long-standing operational experience and consistent production performance.

 

Dilution represents the inclusion of waste material into the ore stream during mining, which reduces the average grade of the mined material. At the San Andrés Mine, the 5% dilution is based on the reconciliation of operational data, accounting for typical inaccuracies in blasting, loading, and ore-waste boundary definition. Reconciliation of past production has validated this assumption, indicating reliable control over dilution management.

 

Effective dilution control at San Andrés is achieved through:

 

·Optimized drilling and blasting patterns to minimize over-break.

 

·Advanced grade control programs, such as the use of real-time assays and precise delineation of ore boundaries.

 

·Continuous operator training to enhance selectivity during excavation.

 

12.3Extraction

 

The mining recovery rate of 95% reflects the portion of in situ ore that can be effectively extracted and delivered to the processing plant. This rate is derived from historical reconciliation data at the Mine, underscoring the Mine’s operational efficiency and recovery practices.

 

This recovery rate accounts for ore losses due to:

 

·Geotechnical instability in pit walls, which may render some material inaccessible.

 

·Equipment limitations in certain parts of the orebody with challenging geometry.

 

·Operational inefficiencies during excavation and haulage.

 

Based on operational experience, the Mine has developed robust reconciliation methods to track planned versus actual recovery rates. These practices have enabled consistent optimization of recovery factors. In the broader context, mining recovery rates for similar projects typically range from 90% to 98%, with higher rates achieved in stable orebodies with effective operational controls.

 

At the Mine, recovery is supported by:

 

·Continuous pit wall monitoring and proactive stabilization measures.

 

·Deployment of advanced equipment fleets for precise ore extraction.

 

·Regular reconciliation efforts to ensure alignment between modeled and actual recoveries, further optimizing future recovery estimates.

 

12.4Cut-off Grade

 

The cut-off grade is a key parameter in the estimation of Mineral Reserves, defining the minimum grade at which material is considered economically viable for processing. For the San Andrés Mine, the cut-off grade was calculated using established industry practices, considering operational costs, metallurgical recoveries, and a gold price of US$2,000/oz.

 

The optimization and generation of optimized pit shells were conducted directly using the economic parameters within the optimizer. The cut-off grades were subsequently applied only

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

for the interrogation of the solids generated in the optimization process, ensuring accurate classification of economic material.

 

The cut-off grade (COG) is determined using the formula:

 

 

 

Where:

 

·ovb is the dilution in %

 

·Cmf is the Mining Fixed Cost (Geology, Planning, etc.) in $/ore t mined

 

·Cp is the total Processing Costs (Fixed & Variable) in $/t treated

 

·Ca is Administration & General (including attributable off-site costs) cost in $/t treated

 

·Sust.Capex is the stay in business capital & items of a capital nature in $/t treated over life of mine (LOM)

 

·m is the mining recovery factor

 

·r is the metallurgical recovery (%)  

 

·P is the gold price in $/oz

 

·Cs is the cost of selling gold (refining, royalties, Management Fees) in $/oz

 

The resulting cut-off grades are:

 

·Oxide material: 0.214 g/t Au

 

·Mixed material: 0.334 g/t Au

 

The calculated cut-off grades ensure that only material capable of generating a net positive cash flow is included in the Mineral Reserve estimates. This approach effectively balances operational costs with expected revenue, ensuring that the final reserve align with realistic economic conditions.

 

For San Andrés, the differentiation between oxide and mixed ore reflects the varying recoveries and associated costs of processing these materials. The cut-off grades were applied post-optimization during the interrogation of the block model, confirming that the final Mineral Reserve estimates remain economically viable.

 

12.5Comparison with Previous Estimate

 

The current Mineral Reserve estimate for the San Andrés Mine reflects key updates from the previous Mineral Reserve estimate effective as of December 31, 2023, reported in the 2023 AIF (Aura 2024c). The current estimate, with an effective date of December 31, 2024, incorporates updated economic assumptions, refined modifying factors, and operational design adjustments, resulting in a revised reserve base.

 

Key updates in the current Mineral Reserve estimate are listed:

 

·Depletion Adjustments: 2024 production accounted for approximately 80 koz of recovered gold, with an in situ depletion of approximately 120 koz, reducing the resource base from 1,109 koz in the 2023 AIF (Aura 2024c) to approximately 999 koz as of December 31, 2024.

 

·Operational Design Adjustments:

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

oA ramp area redesign was implemented to enhance operational efficiency, which resulted in approximately 24 koz of material being left in place and excluded from reserves.

 

oAdditional adjustments in the haulage network and pit configuration influenced the final mineable tonnage.

 

·Gold Price Assumption: The December 31, 2023, Reserves were based on a long-term gold price of $1,700/oz, whereas the updated 2024 reserve estimate uses $2,000/oz, aligning with current market expectations.

 

·Reserve Constraints and Conversion: The application of modifying factors, including 95% mining recovery and 5% dilution, was refined based on updated reconciliation data, contributing to an additional reduction in the reserve base.

 

·Cut-Off Grade Methodology: Unlike the December 31, 2023, reserve estimate fixed cut-off grade approach, the 2024 estimate employs a Pseudoflow optimization process, dynamically integrating economic thresholds.

 

·Updated Geotechnical and Metallurgical Parameters:

 

oGeotechnical refinements were applied to slope designs, impacting the pit shell.

 

oMetallurgical recoveries were revised from 72% to 70% for oxide material and 54% to 45% for mixed material, aligning with updated test work and operational reconciliation data. These adjustments reflect refinements in process performance expectations based on recent production data.

 

Based on these updates, the following changes between the 2023 and 2024 Mineral Reserve estimates are noted:

 

·Depletion (-120 koz in situ, -80 koz recovered): Reduction due to 2024 production.

 

·Gold Price Adjustment (+23 koz): A minor increase in Mineral Reserves due to the price adjustment to $2,000/oz.

 

·Reserve Constraints and Economic Screening (-35 koz): Stricter modifying factors led to a reduction in reserves.

 

·Operational Adjustments (-24 koz): Exclusion of material left in the ramp redesign.

 

Table 12-4: Comparison of 2024 to 2023 Mineral Reserve Estimate

 

Category 2023 Mineral Reserves 2024 Mineral Reserves Change
Total Tonnage (kt) 34,512 30,655 -11.1%
Average Gold Grade (g/t Au) 0.50 0.44 -12.0%
Contained Gold (koz) 551 429 -22.1%
Gold Price (US$/oz) 1,700 2,000 +17.6%

 

In addition to the changes in the contained gold, the following changes are noted:

 

·Total tonnage decreased by 11.1%, reflecting refinements in pit design and material classification.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

·Average gold grade decreased by 12.0%, reflecting operational constraints, selective ore handling, and the impact of the higher gold price ($2,000/oz vs. $1,700/oz used in the 2023 Mineral Reserves), which allowed for the inclusion of lower-grade material while maintaining economic viability.

 

·Total contained metal decreased by 22.1%, primarily due to the exclusion of non-operational material and depletion from mining.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

13.0Mining Methods

 

The San Andrés Mine, operated by Minosa, utilizes a conventional open-pit mining method to extract gold-bearing oxide and mixed ore zones. The operation employs standard truck-and-shovel mining techniques, optimized for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Ore is selectively mined and hauled to the heap leach facility for gold recovery, while waste material is deposited in designated storage areas.

 

Mining operations are supported by a fleet of excavators, haul trucks, and auxiliary equipment, with bench configurations designed to ensure safe, continuous, and productive operations. The current method focuses on maintaining low operational costs while maximizing ore recovery, in line with the Mine’s economic parameters and life of mine (LOM) plan.

 

13.1Geotechnical Studies

 

The geotechnical characteristics of the San Andrés open-pit operation have been evaluated through a combination of site investigations, laboratory testing, and numerical modeling studies. Recent geotechnical analyses include stability assessments for existing and proposed pit designs, heap leach facilities, and ongoing monitoring programs. The most recent evaluations, conducted by SRK Consulting (U.S.), Inc. (SRK), provide updated insights into rock mass behavior, structural controls, and slope stability under both static and seismic conditions.

 

13.1.1Geotechnical Setting

 

The geotechnical setting of the San Andrés Mine is characterized by complex geological, structural, and hydrogeological conditions that directly influence pit wall stability and mining operations. This section summarizes the lithological framework, structural controls, and geomechanical properties relevant to open-pit design.

 

13.1.1.1  Geology and Lithology

 

The San Andrés deposit is located within a region of Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary formations, primarily consisting of:

 

·Rhyolite: The dominant lithology, characterized by significant silicification and brecciation, resulting in variable strength properties.

 

·Breccias: These are prevalent along fault zones and lithological contacts, exhibiting reduced cohesion and strength due to fracturing and weathering.

 

·Andesite: This competent volcanic rock underlies much of the pit area, providing better geotechnical performance compared to brecciated or altered zones.

 

·Conglomerates and Phyllites: Weak sedimentary units with significant weathering and alteration effects, predominantly exposed in footwall areas.

 

The geological framework is further complicated by pervasive hydrothermal alteration, particularly argillic alteration, which reduces the rock mass strength and increases susceptibility to slope instability. Additionally, a geotechnical model developed by SRK in 2024 defines five geotechnical units (GUs) with distinct rock mass properties, as summarized in Table 13-1.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 13-1: Description of Geotechnical Units

 

Geotechnical
Unit
Lithology Cohesion
(kPa)
Friction
Angle (°)
Comments
GU1 Argillic Rhyolite 50 25 Highly weathered, weak zones.
GU2 Breccias 80 28 Fault zones, reduced strength.
GU3 Andesite 120 32 Competent, stable lithology.
GU4 Phyllite 70 26 Altered and weathered units.
GU5 Silicified Rhyolite 150 34 Strong, stable lithology.

 

13.1.1.2  Structural Controls

 

The deposit is crosscut by a series of NW-SE trending normal faults and an associated fracture network, which serve as primary structural controls for pit slope stability. These features significantly influence rock mass behavior and slope design, particularly in zones with reduced cohesion and higher discontinuity persistence.

 

Key Structural Features

 

·Falla A:

 

oA prominent fault zone exhibiting evidence of continuous movement, which contributes to localized instability mechanisms such as translational and rotational slides.

 

oThis fault poses significant challenges for slope stability, particularly along the Northeast wall of the pit, where targeted mitigative measures have been implemented. These include adjustments to bench heights and batter angles to reduce the risk of instability near fault intersections.

 

oNumerical modeling highlights localized areas of displacement near Falla A, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and adaptation of slope configurations.

 

·Secondary Faults and Joints:

 

oSubparallel and cross-cutting fracture networks result in blocky rock mass conditions, which increase susceptibility to planar and wedge failures, especially in zones of weaker lithologies like argillic-altered rhyolite and breccias.

 

oThese discontinuities vary in orientation, persistence, and spacing, forming the basis for defining distinct structural domains. Mapping and stereographic projections have been extensively used to characterize these discontinuities and refine slope design.

 

Structural Domains and Stability Thresholds

 

Field investigations and numerical modeling have delineated three primary structural domains, each influencing slope design parameters:

 

·Domain 1:

 

oDominated by Falla A and associated fractures.

 

oSlope configurations require reduced batter angles (55°–60°) and modified berm widths to ensure stability.

 

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·Domain 2:

 

oCharacterized by intersecting subparallel faults with moderate discontinuity persistence.

 

oInter-ramp slope angles are set between 45° and 50° to accommodate fault-controlled instabilities.

 

·Domain 3:

 

oDefined by lower fracture density and more competent lithologies, such as andesite.

 

oStandard slope designs with batter angles of 60° and inter-ramp angles of 50° are applied.

 

These structural domains are integrated into the geotechnical model to establish slope stability thresholds and to inform bench configurations across the pit.

 

13.1.1.3  Rock Mass Quality and Geomechanical Properties

 

Geotechnical studies at the San Andrés Mine, including field mapping, laboratory testing, and drill core logging, have defined the geomechanical properties of the lithological units influencing pit slope stability. These studies incorporate Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q-values, and laboratory-derived strength parameters to evaluate the behavior of the rock mass under operational and environmental conditions.

 

Rock Mass Classification

 

·Rock Mass Rating (RMR89):

 

Values range from low to moderate in weathered and altered breccias and conglomerates.

 

Higher RMR values are observed in competent lithologies such as silicified rhyolite and andesite, which contribute to greater stability in slope design.

 

·Q-Values:

 

Classification using the Barton Q-System identifies poor to good quality rock mass conditions, with weaker units (e.g., breccias and argillic rhyolite) displaying lower Q-values, particularly near fault zones.

 

Table 13-2 presents RMR and Q-values by Geotechnical Unit.

 

Table 13-2: RMR and Q-Value Ranges by Geotechnical Unit

 

Geotechnical Unit RMR Range Q-Value Range
Argillic Rhyolite 20–40 0.5–3.0
Breccias 25–50 1.0–5.0
Silicified Rhyolite 50–75 10.0–20.0
Andesite 60–80 15.0–25.0
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Strength Parameters

 

Strength characteristics of the rock mass are derived from laboratory testing, including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), triaxial shear testing, and direct shear tests on joints and discontinuities.

 

·Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS):

 

15–100 MPa across the lithological units.

 

Lower UCS values are observed in brecciated rhyolite and argillic-altered materials, while competent lithologies such as andesite and silicified rhyolite exhibit significantly higher UCS values.

 

·Friction Angles and Cohesion:

 

Peak Friction Angles: Range from 28° to 45°, depending on the degree of weathering and alteration.

 

Cohesion: Varies between 50 and 150 kPa, with the lowest values in breccias and argillic rhyolite.

 

·Shear Resistance:

 

Laboratory shear box tests confirm reduced shear resistance along faulted and altered interfaces, especially within the brecciated units. These interfaces exhibit reduced cohesion and friction due to clay infill or alteration products.

 

Key Observations

 

·Rock Mass Behaviour:

 

The rhyolite units exhibit a wide range of geomechanical properties due to varying degrees of silicification and brecciation. Silicified rhyolite demonstrates excellent strength and stability, while argillic-altered rhyolite presents challenges due to low cohesion and strength.

 

Andesite is the most competent lithology in the deposit, supporting steeper slope configurations in structural domains where it dominates.

 

·Impact of Discontinuities:

 

Joint persistence and orientation significantly influence rock mass behavior. Discontinuities filled with clay or altered materials reduce shear resistance, particularly in zones intersecting fault structures such as Falla A.

 

·Design Adjustments:

 

Geotechnical data suggests reducing batter angles and lift heights in zones dominated by low-RMR units, such as breccias and altered rhyolite, to maintain stability.

 

13.1.1.4  Hydrogeology

 

Hydrogeological conditions within the San Andrés Mine area are primarily influenced by seasonal rainfall and localized groundwater infiltration, which can impact pit wall stability if not properly managed. These conditions are evaluated through a combination of field observations, hydrological modeling, and geotechnical analyses.

 

·Surface Water Management

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Seasonal precipitation is a significant factor, particularly during heavy rainfall events. Improper drainage can lead to localized pooling, increased pore water pressures, and slope instability.

 

Surface water is managed through diversion ditches and channels upstream of pit walls to minimize infiltration and prevent erosion. Regular maintenance ensures these systems function effectively during the rainy season.

 

·Groundwater Infiltration:

 

While the majority of pit walls are classified as dry, localized perched aquifers and water pockets have been observed near faulted zones such as Falla A. These areas require targeted drainage and monitoring to mitigate potential slope weakening.

 

Piezometric measurements indicate that groundwater infiltration is highly localized, with minimal overall impact on large-scale slope stability.

 

·Numerical Modelling:

 

Stability assessments incorporate scenarios under both dry and wet conditions. The inclusion of elevated pore pressure regimes in numerical models accounts for the potential effects of localized water infiltration on slope strength.

 

Under wet conditions, slope stability remains within acceptable thresholds provided drainage and water diversion measures are maintained.

 

Water Management Strategies

 

·Drainage Systems:

 

Perimeter drainage ditches redirect rainwater away from pit slopes, reducing infiltration.

 

Toe drains are installed along critical slope areas to collect and remove runoff water efficiently.

 

·Monitoring and Mitigation:

 

Regular inspections and monitoring using piezometers allow for real-time assessment of groundwater conditions.

 

Contingency plans include additional pumping capacity and surface water redirection in the event of unexpected rainfall or groundwater ingress.

 

13.1.2Slope Stability and Design

 

Slope stability at the Mine has been evaluated through a series of geotechnical studies during different years conducted by external consultants, including SRK, Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions (Wood), and AMEC Environment & Infrastructure (AMEC). The assessments utilized both limit equilibrium methods and numerical modeling techniques under static and pseudo-static loading conditions, in alignment with international best practices and project-specific acceptance criteria. These analyses are important to ensuring the stability of open-pit slopes and the safety of operations throughout the Life of Mine.

 

Key studies include:

 

·SRK's Slope Stability Assessment (2021), which evaluated pit slopes and heap leach pad (HLP) stability using 3D finite difference modeling (FLAC3D).

 

·Wood’s Stability and Deformation Evaluation (2019) for the Phase IV and V heap leach facility expansions, focusing on limit equilibrium and pseudo-static analyses.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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·AMEC’s Detailed Design Report (2014), which provided baseline geotechnical parameters and stability assessments for earlier phases of the heap leach facility.

 

These studies collectively form the basis for slope stability design and ongoing monitoring programs at San Andrés.

 

13.1.2.1  Methodology

 

The stability evaluations incorporate key inputs, including:

 

·Geotechnical studies including mapping, drilling, laboratory testing (UCS, direct shear, and triaxial tests), and radar monitoring have been conducted.

 

·Three-dimensional finite difference models (FLAC3D) were used to predict displacements and identify failure mechanisms across the pit slopes and associated infrastructure  .

 

·Regional seismic hazard model was developed to determine site-specific parameters, including a 500-year recurrence earthquake with a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.41 g.

 

·Stability assessments adhere to international standards and project-specific thresholds:

 

oStatic Factor of Safety (FoS): 1.3 or higher for operational slopes.

 

oPseudo-Static FoS: 1.0 or higher under seismic conditions.

 

13.1.2.2  Key Findings

 

Based on the results of the stability assessments, the following conclusions have been reached:

 

·Overall

 

oThe Factor of Safety (FoS) for current and planned pit slopes meets or exceeds international design acceptance criteria, with values typically above 1.3 under static conditions and 1.0 under pseudo-static conditions.

 

oNo significant deep-seated failure mechanisms have been identified. Stability is primarily controlled by the strength of the rhyolite and andesite rock masses and influenced by structural domains.

 

·Localized Instabilities

 

oLocalized instabilities, such as planar sliding and wedge failures, have been observed along fault zones, particularly on the Northeast wall and sections of the haulage ramps. These instabilities are attributed to:

 

·Reactivation of NW-SE trending faults (e.g., Falla A).

 

·Poor rock mass conditions, particularly in argillic-altered rhyolite.

 

oThese failures are anticipated to be manageable through targeted slope mitigation measures, such as reducing batter angles and implementing drainage controls.

 

·Seismic Stability

 

oPseudo-static analyses, incorporating a horizontal seismic coefficient of 0.20 g (50% of PGA), confirm that the pit slopes remain stable during a 500-year seismic event.

 

oMinimal deformation and strain are predicted, with no fully developed failure surfaces identified under earthquake loading.

 

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·Bench and Slope Design

 

oBench stability analyses demonstrate that the current bench configuration (bench height of 6–12 m and batter angles of 55°–60°) is appropriate for the geotechnical conditions.

 

oFor structurally complex or weaker zones, SRK recommends reducing batter angles to 55° and maintaining minimum berm widths of 5–8 m to mitigate local failures.

 

·Water Management

 

oEffective surface water management is critical to maintaining slope stability, especially during the rainy season. Implemented measures include:

 

oDiversion channels to reduce surface water infiltration.

 

oMonitoring of pore pressures using piezometers in critical zones.

 

13.1.2.3  Monitoring and Recommendations

 

A geotechnical monitoring program is in place to ensure ongoing stability and to detect early signs of deformation:

 

·Real-time monitoring using FastGBSar and TerraSar-X radar systems to track displacement trends.

 

·Piezometers, inclinometers, and survey prisms are strategically installed to monitor ground movements and pore water pressures.

 

·Thresholds for displacement rates and water levels have been defined to trigger mitigation actions this is part of a Trigger Action Response Plan (TARP).

 

13.1.3Slope Geometry and Bench Configuration

 

The pit slope design is based on geotechnical recommendations to ensure operational safety, maximize ore recovery, and minimize geotechnical risks. The design incorporates rock mass ratings, structural conditions, and lithology-specific parameters, which are applied using the Deswik mine planning software.

 

Slope Design Parameters

 

·Inter-Ramp Angles (IRA):

 

oInter-ramp angles are optimized according to the geomechanical properties of the lithologies, with values ranging from 31° to 45°.

 

oStructural domains, fault orientations, and material strength influence the local adjustments to IRA values, ensuring stability under operational conditions.

 

·Bench Heights and Batter Angles:

 

oBench heights of 6 m to 12 m are applied based on operational efficiency and geotechnical conditions.

 

oBatter angles of 60° are adopted for competent lithologies such as silicified rhyolite and andesite, while reduced batter angles of 55° are used in weaker units, particularly in areas with critical haulage routes or intersecting fault zones.

 

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Lithology-Specific Design

 

The Deswik optimization and design process accounts for lithology-specific overall slope angles. In the block model, each block is assigned a lithology parameter (1–6), corresponding to the primary rock types outlined in Section 13.1.1.1 Geology and Lithology. The following lithological units and their respective maximum overall slope angles are considered.

 

Table 13-3: Maximum Overall Slope Angles by Lithology

 

Lithology
(BM code)
Description Overall Slope Angle (°)
1 Breccia / Conglomerate 31°
2 Rhyolite 37°
3 Andesite 45°
4 Red Bed 42°
5 Phyllite 35°
6 Default / Unassigned 31°

 

These slope angles reflect the geotechnical properties of each lithological unit, ensuring that the design remains stable while accommodating geological variability.

 

Design Integration

 

The use of Deswik enables seamless integration of geotechnical parameters into pit optimization and design. The block model incorporates lithology-specific parameters, including cohesion, friction angle, and rock mass quality, to guide slope configurations. This process ensures that:

 

·Lithology-based slope angles are automatically applied during optimization, achieving a balance between slope steepness and operational safety.

 

·Fault zones and other geotechnical constraints are incorporated into the design, further refining the slope geometry.

 

·Areas with weak or highly weathered materials, such as breccias and phyllites, are assigned conservative slope angles (31°–35°) to mitigate stability risks.

 

13.1.4Monitoring and Risk Mitigation

 

A reasonable geotechnical monitoring program is in place to identify and manage potential instabilities:

 

·Radar Monitoring: Real-time slope radar systems (e.g., FastGBSar) monitor displacement rates along critical walls.

 

·Instrumentation: Piezometers, inclinometers, and survey prisms are installed to track pore pressures, deformation, and surface movements.

 

·Rainfall Management: Surface water diversion systems and impermeable berms minimize water infiltration, which can negatively impact slope stability.

 

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13.2Mine Design

 

The San Andrés Mine employs a reasonable open-pit design, balancing the priorities of economic returns, operational safety, and environmental compliance. The mine design reflects the operational experience and incorporates the latest geological, geotechnical, and economic data.

 

13.2.1Key Design Elements

 

The key design elements used in mine planning are listed:

 

·The Deswik Pseudoflow algorithm is used for pit optimization, integrating geological, geotechnical, and economic parameters.

 

·The mine design is based on the Mineral Reserves in the pit optimization.

 

·Economic parameters include a gold price of US$2,000/oz, processing costs, and lithology-specific slope angles.

 

Slope Design and Stability:

 

·Slope configurations are guided by geotechnical domains, with inter-ramp angles ranging from 31° to 45°, depending on lithology and structural conditions.

 

·Weak units, such as breccias and argillic rhyolite, are assigned conservative slope angles to ensure stability.

 

·Slope monitoring systems include radar displacement tracking and piezometers, supported by proactive water management systems to mitigate infiltration effects.

 

Bench Configuration:

 

·Benches are designed with standardized heights of 6 m, facilitating efficient drilling, blasting, and excavation.

 

·Batter angles (bench face angles) are set between 55° to 60°, depending on rock strength and stability.

 

·Berm widths are calculated to catch falling material and provide safe access for maintenance and geotechnical monitoring.

 

Pushback Sequencing:

 

·Mining phases are strategically sequenced to prioritize high-grade ore zones, ensuring early revenue generation while maintaining geotechnical stability.

 

·Pushbacks are planned to minimize haulage distances and optimize material movement, reducing operational costs.

 

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Waste and Material Handling

 

·Waste rock is placed in designated dumps or backfilled into mined-out areas to reduce the environmental footprint.

 

·Drainage systems and erosion control measures are incorporated into waste rock storage facility (WRSF) design, in compliance with environmental regulations.

 

The eastern extent of the final pit is limited by the proximity of the Río Lara. A setback was applied during pit optimization and detailed design to maintain a buffer between active mining and the river, ensuring compliance with Honduran environmental regulations and minimizing the risk of hydrological impacts.

 

13.3Mining Method

 

The San Andrés Mine employs conventional open-pit mining methods to extract gold-bearing ore. Operations are designed to ensure efficient material movement, with a focus on maintaining productivity, minimizing costs, and adhering to safety and environmental standards.

 

The mining operations run 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, utilizing conventional drill-and-blast techniques, followed by excavation, hauling, and crushing. Mining phases (pushbacks) have been designed based on the December 31, 2024, Mineral Reserve estimate, incorporating considerations for:

 

·Planned WRSFs.

 

·Previously mined areas.

 

·Sensitive zones such as the local cemetery.

 

The bench height is standardized at 6 m, which allows for optimized drilling, blasting, and excavation efficiency.

 

13.3.1Drilling

 

Blast hole drilling is performed by Minosa employees using a fleet of drills operated and maintained in-house. The current fleet includes:

 

·Epiroc PowerROC D60 (Primary production drill).

 

·Epiroc PowerROC T45.

 

·Furukawa DCR20

 

·A MAXCAT RC drill, primarily used for exploration but capable of converting to Down-The-Hole (DTH) operations for backup drilling.

 

Drilling Specifications:

 

·Pattern: 3.5 m (spacing) x 4.0 m (burden).

 

·Hole Depth: 6.5 m (6.0 m bench height + 0.5 m subdrilling to improve floor control).

 

The drilling operations are designed to achieve optimal fragmentation and minimize oversize material for efficient loading and crushing.

 

13.3.2Blasting

 

Blasting operations are carried out during the day shift by Minosa personnel, using industry-standard blasting techniques and materials.

 

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 SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Blasting Details:

 

·Explosives: ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil).

 

·Initiation System: Dual delay detonators and MS (millisecond) surface delays.

 

·Initiation Method: Shot tubes.

 

·Powder Factor: Approximately 0.16 kg/t.

 

To minimize impacts on pit walls, the following techniques are applied:

 

·Pre-splitting: Reduces stress on final pit walls and controls fracturing.

 

·Cushion Blasting: Protects wall stability and minimizes overbreak in the final bench design.

 

All explosives and initiation materials are stored in a dedicated explosives magazine, which is constructed and maintained according to North American standards to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.

 

13.3.3Excavation and Hauling

 

All material movement at the San Andrés Mine is carried out by a Honduran contractor, which is responsible for both ore and waste hauling within the pit and surrounding operational areas. The mining Contractor provides a comprehensive service that includes logistics, maintenance, and personnel management under a bank-cubic-meter (BCM) rate contract. Additional activities outside the scope of routine operations are managed on a cost-plus basis, subject to approval by Minosa’s supervising engineer.

 

13.3.3.1  Hauling Operations

 

The hauling operations involve transporting ore and waste material using a fleet of contracted haul trucks. Ore is moved from the active mining phases to one of two jaw crushers, offering operational flexibility and ensuring continuity in ore processing. The current average haul distance to the primary crushers is approximately two kilometers, though this distance is expected to evolve as mining progresses.

 

The mining contractor operates and maintains its own equipment fleet, which includes a combination of haul trucks, excavators, and support vehicles to meet production requirements.

 

13.3.3.2  Equipment Fleet

 

As of September 2024, the contractor’s fleet includes the following major equipment types:

 

·Haul Trucks: A mix of Volvo, Howo, UD, Mack, Sany, and Shacman trucks with capacities ranging from 14 m³ to 27 m³.

 

·Excavators: Caterpillar, Hyundai, and Shantui excavators, with bucket capacities between 1.5 m³ and 2.8 m³.

 

·Support Equipment: Tractors, water trucks, motor graders, compactors, and lighting towers.

 

A detailed list of the contractor’s equipment is provided in Table 13-4.

 

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Table 13-4: Contractor Equipment Fleet

 

Equipment Number Equipment Type Category Brand Model Year Capacity (m³)
V-100 Dump Truck Hauling VOLVO FMX V480 2019 22
V-101 Dump Truck Hauling VOLVO FMX V480 2019 22
V-103 Dump Truck Hauling VOLVO FMX V480 2019 22
V-155 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 27
V-156 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 27
V-157 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 27
V-158 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 27
V-159 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 19
V-160 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 19
V-163 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 19
V-164 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 19
V-176 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 19
V-177 Dump Truck Hauling HOWO   2022 19
V-178 Dump Truck Hauling UD   2022 14
V-179 Dump Truck Hauling UD   2022 14
V-180 Dump Truck Hauling UD   2022 14
V-181 Dump Truck Hauling UD   2022 14
V-202 Dump Truck Hauling UD HAX 7121 2022 14
V-203 Dump Truck Hauling UD HAX 6575 2022 14
V-204 Dump Truck Hauling UD HCZ 2029 2022 14
V-205 Dump Truck Hauling UD HAX 7119 2022 14
V-206 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HBL 8507 2022 14
V-207 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HBL 8505 2022 14
V-208 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HBL 8506 2022 14
V-209 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HBL 8503 2022 14
V-210 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HBM 0739 2022 14
V-211 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HBM 0736 2022 14
V-212 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HAV 7103 2022 14
V-213 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HDG 9725 2022 14
V-214 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HDG 9727 2022 14
V-221 Dump Truck Hauling MACK   2022 14
V-231 Dump Truck Hauling MACK   2022 14
V-232 Dump Truck Hauling MACK   2022 14
V-233 Dump Truck Hauling MACK HCC5770 2022 16.5
V-234 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2022 16.5
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Equipment Number Equipment Type Category Brand Model Year Capacity (m³)
V-235 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2022 16.5
V-236 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2022 16.5
V-237 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2023 16.5
V-238 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2023 16.5
V-239 Dump Truck Hauling SHACMAN   2023 16.5
V-240 Dump Truck Hauling SHACMAN   2023 16.5
V-241 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2023 16.5
V-242 Dump Truck Hauling MACK   2013 14
V-243 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2024 16.5
V-244 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2024 16.5
V-245 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2024 16.5
V-246 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2024 16.5
V-247 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2024 16.5
V-248 Dump Truck Hauling SANY   2024 16.5
EX-101 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 349 DL 2012 2.8
EX-111 Excavator Loading HYUNDAI H340 2022 2
EX-113 Excavator Loading SHANTUI SE220 2023 1.05
EX-114 Excavator Loading SHANTUI SE305LCW 2023 1.5
EX-115 Excavator Loading SHANTUI     2
EX-116 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 330   2
EX-120 Hydraulic Hammer Support SHANTUI 220 2022 1.5
EX-122 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 336 2022 2
EX-125 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 330 2023 2
EX-126 Excavator Loading HYUNDAI 340 2023 2
EX-127 Excavator Loading HYUNDAI 340 2023 2
EX-128 Excavator Loading SANY     2
EX-201 Excavator Loading HYUNDAI 225SL 2019 2
EX-202 Excavator Loading HYUNDAI 225SL 2019 2
EX-203 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 330DL 2022 2
EX-204 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 329D 2009 2
EX-206 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 323D 2022 2
EX-209 Excavator Loading CATERPILLAR 330DL 2022 2
EX-211 Excavator Loading HYUNDAI 225SL   1.5
TA-200 Water Tank Support HINO   2021 N/A
TA-201 Water Tank Support HINO   2022 N/A
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Equipment Number Equipment Type Category Brand Model Year Capacity (m³)
TA-202 Water Tank Support HINO   2023 N/A
TA-100 Water Tank Support HINO   2023 N/A
CM-102 Fuel Truck Support     2023 N/A
MOT-100 Moto Grader Support JOHN DEER 670G 2010 N/A
MOT-103 Moto Grader Support CATERPILLAR 140H   N/A
MOT-201 Moto Grader Support CATERPILLAR 140H 2020 N/A
MOT-202 Moto Grader Support CATERPILLAR 120H   N/A
VIC-201 Vibratory Compactor Support CATERPILLAR CAT533 2019 N/A
TR-105 Dozer Support SHANTUI SD16 2022 N/A
TR-200 Dozer Support CATERPILLAR D6T    
TR-201 Dozer Support CATERPILLAR D6R 1996 N/A
TR-203 Dozer Support CATERPILLAR D6R 1986 N/A
TR-204 Dozer Support CATERPILLAR D6R   N/A
TR-205 Dozer Support JOHN DEER 850J   N/A
TR-208 Dozer Support CATERPILLAR D6   N/A
RET-201 Backhoe Loader Support HYUNDAI   2022 N/A
TL-01 Light Tower Support ATLAS   2022 N/A
TL-04 Light Tower Support WACKER NEUSON     N/A
TL-05 Light Tower Support WACKER NEUSON     N/A
TL-06 Light Tower Support WACKER NEUSON     N/A
TL-08 Light Tower Support WACKER NEUSON     N/A
TL-09 Light Tower Support WACKER NEUSON     N/A
TL-10 Light Tower Support WACKER NEUSON     N/A

 

13.3.3.3  Performance and Flexibility

 

The current fleet has been deemed sufficient to meet production targets over the LOM. Should production requirements increase, the mining contractor has demonstrated the capability to scale operations by mobilizing additional equipment from other sources. This ensures that hauling capacity remains aligned with the Mine’s operational needs.

 

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13.3.3.4  Material Movement

 

Material movement at the San Andrés Mine is managed to maintain steady operations and efficient resource allocation. Ore is transported to the primary crushers, while waste material is hauled to designated storage areas.

 

There is no formal dispatch system; however, hauling operations are coordinated through radio and mobile communication. The contractor's coordinator maintains direct communication with Minosa’s mining team for operational oversight and with the jaw crusher operators to regulate ore feed and minimize delays.

 

In the event of any operational interruption (e.g., crusher downtime or equipment issues), the haul fleet is reassigned as needed to minimize production delays. Additionally, designated ore stockpiles near the crushers provide up to four days of crusher feed, serving as a buffer to maintain processing continuity.

 

13.3.3.5  Waste Handling

 

Waste material is managed through controlled disposal methods designed to ensure stability and optimize operational productivity. Waste is hauled to the designated WRSFs, which are planned and constructed in alignment with the Mine’s design parameters.

 

Waste Disposal Methods

 

·WRSFs are developed in an ascending sequence (i.e., bottom-up), with small lifts of six metres constructed consecutively. Equipment movement, including trucks and dozers, compacts the surface of each lift. This compaction improves the dumps' overall stability and reduces the infiltration of rainwater, mitigating erosion risks.

 

·Drainage ditches are constructed both upstream and downstream of the dumps to divert rainwater and prevent erosion. Berms on the dump faces are designed with a slight inclination toward the toe, directing runoff into these drainage ditches and minimizing sedimentation downstream.

 

·Wherever possible, waste is placed within mined-out areas of the open pit to minimize transportation distances and associated costs. This approach reduces the Mine’s overall environmental footprint and optimizes resource utilization.

 

Design Parameters for Waste Rock Storage Facilities

 

WRSF designs are guided by the geotechnical and operational parameters listed in Table 13-5:

 

Table 13-5: WRSF Design Parameters

 

Parameter Value
Dynamic Dumping Angle 37°
Lift Height 6.0 m
Berm Width 4.0 m
Average Overall Dump Angle 26°

 

These parameters are designed to ensure long-term stability and safe disposal of waste material, considering site-specific geotechnical conditions and environmental considerations.

 

Environmental considerations include:

 

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·Measures such as surface compaction, berm design, and well-placed drainage ditches help to control erosion and prevent sediment runoff during heavy rainfall.

 

·Drainage ditches upstream of the dumps divert rainwater away from the waste face, while downstream ditches collect and safely remove runoff from the dump toe.

 

·Regular inspections and geotechnical monitoring are conducted to ensure dump performance and to address any signs of instability or excessive erosion.

 

The waste management strategy at the San Andrés Mine reflects good practices in open-pit mining waste disposal, with an emphasis on operational efficiency, environmental protection, and compliance with Honduran regulatory standards.

 

13.3.4Crushing and Conveyance

 

All ore extracted is processed through a two-stage crushing circuit before being transported on conveyors to the leach pad. The process flow includes:

 

·Primary Crushing: Reduction of ore size using two jaw crushers.

 

·Conveyance: Crushed ore is transported via conveyor systems for final stacking at the heap leach facility.

 

13.3.5Mine Production Schedule

 

The mine production schedule is based on the December 31, 2024, Mineral Reserve estimate and designed pit phases. The schedule considers:

 

·Material movement requirements.

 

·Placement of waste material in designated dumps.

 

·Mitigation of interference with previously mined areas and protected zones.

 

Production rates are designed to meet the operational capacity of the crushing and leaching facilities.

 

13.3.6Required Personnel

 

Mining operations at the San Andrés Mine are conducted by a combination of Minosa’s own workforce and contractors. As of the date of this report, the total workforce consists of 809 permanent personnel, including 349 direct employees and 460 contractors.

 

Workforce Composition:

 

·Minosa employees: 349 (43%)

 

·Contractors (permanent operations): 460 (57%)

 

oMining contractor employee: 277

 

oOther areas contractor employee: 183

 

Distribution of Minosa Employees by Area:

 

·Mining Operations: 47

 

·Processing: 138

 

·Maintenance: 65

 

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·Administration (HR, Accounting, PCP, General Services): 64

 

·Community Relations: 12

 

·Health, Safety, and Environment: 23

 

The Mine operates on a rotating shift schedule, ensuring continuous coverage for mining, processing, and maintenance activities. Staffing levels are structured to support ongoing operations and the Life of Mine (LOM) plan, with adjustments made as needed to align with production requirements.

 

13.4Mine Optimization

 

The mine optimization process for the San Andrés open-pit operation is conducted using the Deswik Pseudoflow module. This software integrates geological, geotechnical, and economic parameters to identify optimal pit designs and guide the development of LOM plans. Optimization at San Andrés ensures economic viability while maintaining compliance with geotechnical and environmental constraints.

 

13.4.1Open Pit Mine Planning Block Model

 

The pit optimization at San Andrés is based on the 2024 updated Mineral Resource Block Model, described in Section 11.0. This block model incorporates the following attributes essential for mine planning and economic evaluation:

 

·In Situ Data: Gold grade (g/t), density, and lithology.

 

·Geotechnical Parameters: Rock mass rating (RMR), cohesion, friction angle, and slope geometry values.

 

·Mining-Specific Codes: Concession boundaries, depletion zones, and material classification (ore vs. waste).

 

·Resource Classification: Only Measured and Indicated Resources are considered as potential revenue-generating material, while Inferred Resources are treated as waste during optimization.

 

The block model uses dimensions of 10 m x 10 m x 6 m (X, Y, Z), representing a selective mining unit (SMU) compatible with the operational loading and hauling fleet. It is important to note that dilution and mining recovery factors are not included in the block model but are applied during Reserve estimation and mine scheduling.

 

13.4.2Optimization Methodology

 

The Deswik Pseudoflow algorithm was used to generate pit shells, evaluating the net value of each block based on revenue, mining, processing, and selling costs. The following steps were undertaken:

 

·Revenue Factor (RF) Analysis: A range of RFs (e.g., 0.75, 0.85, 1.00) was applied to assess economic sensitivity.

 

·Geotechnical Constraints: Slope geometry was integrated into the optimization process using lithology-based overall slope angles.

 

·Exclusion Criteria: Blocks within restricted areas, such as communities or cemeteries, and previously mined-out zones were excluded.

 

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The results were used to identify the optimal pit shell for detailed design, ensuring a balance between economic returns and operational constraints.

 

13.4.3Optimization Results

 

The results of the pit optimization process are summarized in Table 13-6. These include ore and waste volumes, average grades, and economic metrics for the selected pit shell at a Revenue Factor of 1.0.

 

Table 13-6: Pit Optimization Results (RF = 1.0)

 

Parameter Value
Total Material Moved 46.0 Mt
Waste Material 13.8 Mt
Ore Material 32.2 Mt
Average Grade (g/t Au) 0.48
Stripping Ratio 0.42
Undiscounted pit value 220 MUS$

 

The selected shell reflects an economically viable scenario, while maintaining compliance with geotechnical and environmental constraints. The following chart presents the resulting undiscounted pit shells at different Revenue Factors (RF).

 

Figure 13-1: Pit Shell Optimization at Different Revenue Factors

 

 

The selected pit shell was further refined to ensure a practical and operationally efficient design, incorporating the following criteria:

 

·Pushback Size: Pushbacks smaller than 46 Mt were excluded to maintain efficiency.

 

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·Dilution and Recovery: Factors for dilution and mining recovery were applied to estimate recoverable ounces and mineable reserves.

 

·Operational Adjustments: The final pit design was operationalized, incorporating a minimum mining unit (box size) and ensuring practical access ramp placement. As a result, certain mineable ore areas had to be left in place to accommodate the access ramp design.

 

The impact of these refinements is summarized in Table 13-7.

 

Table 13-7: Comparison of Pit Optimization vs. Operational Pit

 

Parameter Pit Optimization Operational Pit
Tonnes Ore (Mt) 32.2 31.6
Gold Grade (g/t Au) 0.478 0.44
Waste (Mt) 13.8 14.4
Total Material Moved (Mt) 46.0 46.0
Gold Ounces In Situ (oz) 495,359 448,966

 

These adjustments ensure a practical, safe, and efficient mining sequence, aligning with operational constraints while maximizing ore extraction within the geotechnical and environmental parameters of the San Andrés Mine.

 

13.5Life of Mine Plan

 

The LOM Plan for the San Andrés Mine outlines the anticipated operational and production strategy over the remaining mine life. The plan integrates the results of pit optimization, mine scheduling, and economic analysis to provide a comprehensive framework for mining, processing, and reclamation activities.

 

13.5.1Production Schedule

 

The LOM plan projects material movement and ore processing volumes on an annual basis, accounting for:

 

·Ore: Total tonnage delivered to the crushers, processed through the heap leach facility, and recovered as gold.

 

·Waste: Material stripped and hauled to designated WRSF or in-pit disposal areas.

 

·Stripping Ratio: The ratio of waste material to ore is optimized to balance economic returns and operational efficiency.

 

The production schedule by mining phase is summarized in Table 13-8, showing annual tonnages of ore, waste, and contained metal. Figure 13-2 presents the annual production schedule.

 

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Table 13-8: LOM Mining Schedule

 

Phase Field Total 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
1 Ore (t) 281,952 281,952        
Au (g/t) 0.59 0.59        
Waste (t) 36,253 36,253        
2 Ore (t) 3,871,021 3,871,021        
Au (g/t) 0.43 0.43        
Waste (t) 913,097 913,097        
3 Ore (t) 12,945,474 3,592,859 6,286,260 3,066,354    
Au (g/t)  0.38 0.41 0.36 0.38    
Waste (t) 3,367,888 834,845 711,056 1,821,988    
4 Ore (t) 8,079,153 91,499   3,282,492 4,705,162  
Au (g/ton)  0.39 0.42   0.41 0.37  
Waste (t) 4,799,042 200,767   1,314,658 3,283,617  
5 Ore (t) 3,274,784       1,439,811 1,834,973
Au (g/t)  0.37       0.38 0.36
Waste (t) 3,207,308       1,542,686 1,664,622
6 Ore (t) 980,535       980,535  
Au (g/t)  0.44       0.44  
Waste (t) 701,415       701,415  
ZB Ore (t) 2,156,517   993,932 966,759 195,827  
Au (g/t)  1.16   1.12 1.17 1.28  
Waste (t) 1,378,451   1,074,212 238,871 65,368  
Total Ore (t) 31,589,436 7,837,331 7,280,192 7,315,606 7,321,333 1,834,973
Au (g/t)  0.44 0.43 0.46 0.50 0.40 0.36
Waste (t) 14,403,456 1,984,962 1,785,268 3,375,516 5,593,087 1,664,622
Total Tonnes Moved 45,992,891 9,822,293 9,065,460 10,691,122 12,914,421 3,499,595
Contained Gold, in situ (oz) 448,966 107,825 107,888 117,230 95,034 20,990
Produced Gold (68% recovery) 305,297 73,321 73,364 79,716 64,623 14,273
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Figure 13-2: Annual Production

 

 

13.5.2Mining Phases and Pushbacks

 

Mining activities are executed in a series of phases (pushbacks) designed to:

 

·Optimize access to higher-grade ore in the early years of the mine life.

 

·Maintain geotechnical stability by adhering to slope design criteria described in Section 13.1.

 

·Minimize haulage distances by sequencing mining areas in alignment with crusher locations and waste disposal sites.

 

Figure 13-3 illustrates the proposed mining phases and pit configuration over the LOM. The end of period pit configuration from 2025 to 2029 are illustrated in Figure 13-4 to Figure 13-8.

 

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Figure 13-3: Mining Phases and LOM Pit Configuration

 

 

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Figure 13-4: Pit Configuration EOY 2025

 

 

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Figure 13-5: Pit Configuration EOY 2026

 

 

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Figure 13-6: Pit Configuration EOY 2027

 

 

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Figure 13-7: Pit Configuration EOY 2028

 

 

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Figure 13-8: Pit Configuration EOY 2029

 

 

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14.0Processing and Recovery Methods

 

The San Andrés Mine employs a heap leach processing method for the recovery of gold from mined ore. This method has been selected due to its proven effectiveness in treating the oxide and transition ores characteristic of the deposit. The processing infrastructure is well-developed and includes crushing circuits, agglomeration systems, HLPs, and an ADR plant for gold extraction and refining.

 

14.1Plant Throughput and Design

 

The processing plant is designed for a throughput of approximately 7 Mtpa. Key equipment and their capacities are detailed in Table 14-1.

 

Table 14-1: Plant Throughput

 

Stage Equipment Capacity
Primary Crushing Jaw Crushers 1,200 tph
Secondary Crushing Cone Crushers 1,500 tph
Agglomeration Drums Rotary Drums 800 tph each
Stacker Mobile Conveyor 1,200 tph
ADR Plant (CIC Circuit) Carbon Columns 10,000 m³/day

 

14.2Summary Process Description

 

The overall process is divided into the following unit operations:

 

1Ore Hauling and Crushing:

 

oMined ore is hauled by a fleet of trucks to two primary crushing circuits equipped with jaw crushers.

 

oThe crushed ore, with a target particle size of approximately 7 inches, is conveyed to a secondary crushing system.

 

oThe secondary crusher further reduces the particle size to 2 inches, preparing the ore for agglomeration.

 

2Agglomeration:

 

oThe crushed ore is mixed with lime and cement in agglomeration drums to form uniformly sized agglomerates.

 

oSodium cyanide solution is added during this stage to begin the leaching process and prepare the ore for heap stacking.

 

3Heap Leaching:

 

oAgglomerated ore is stacked on HLPs using mobile conveyors and a stacker.

 

oCyanide solution is irrigated over the ore, percolating through the material and dissolving gold into solution.

 

oThe leach cycle is approximately 60 days, allowing for complete extraction of gold from the ore.

 

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4Gold Recovery (ADR plant):

 

oPLS is collected and processed in the ADR plant.

 

oGold is adsorbed onto activated carbon in a Carbon-in-Column (CIC) circuit.

 

oThe gold-loaded carbon undergoes desorption, and the resulting solution is processed using electrowinning and smelting to produce doré bars.

 

14.3Process Description

 

14.3.1Summary

 

The Mine produces approximately 7 Mtpa of ROM material using conventional drilling, blasting, loading and haul truck transportation. The LOM production plan includes 7.7 Mt of material placed during 2025, 7.3 Mt in 2026, 2027 and 2028 and 1.8 Mt in 2029 for a total of 31.5 Mt. The material is mined and transported by haul truck to either the WRSFs or to the primary crushers for processing. The ore is direct dumped into the feed hoppers of two primary crushers operating in parallel. The primary crushed ore is conveyed to an intermediate stockpile. The ore is drawn from the stockpile from three draw points beneath the pile with feeders which discharge onto a conveyor that delivers the ore to secondary crushing. Lime and cement are added to the secondary crushed product on the conveyor and the material is conveyed to two drum agglomerators operating in parallel. Pre-cyanidation is practiced, dosing sodium cyanide on conveyor 8 after the agglomeration drums. The agglomerated material is conveyed to the HLP where it is placed using conveyor stackers. The placed material is leached with cyanide solution for a period of 60 days, during which time, cyanide-soluble gold is dissolved into solution. After the first leach cycle the leached panel of material is allowed to rest and the entrained solution drains out of the material. After draining, a new lift of material will be stacked over the leached material and the process will be repeated.

 

The activated carbon in columns method (CIC) is used to recover the gold and silver from solution. Gold and silver are adsorbed onto the carbon until the carbon is loaded to capacity. The loaded carbon is transferred to the ADR plant where the gold and silver are eluted from the carbon with a solution of caustic soda and sodium cyanide under conditions of high temperature and pressure. The eluate is then passed through electrowinning circuits, and the gold and silver are recovered in the stainless-steel mesh cathodes and precipitated sludge in the cells. The precious metal sludge is recovered from the cells, dried and retorted for mercury recovery and smelted in a furnace to produce doré metal ingots for sale.

 

The eluted carbon is reactivated by an acid wash with hydrochloric acid and then taken to a high temperature rotary kiln prior to recycling the carbon to the carbon columns for continued adsorption of gold.

 

14.3.2Crushing

 

14.3.2.1  Primary Crushing

 

ROM material is delivered to the feed hopper of one of two primary crushing lines.

 

Line One

 

ROM ore is direct dumped in the primary crushing feed bin. The material is withdrawn from the bin using a TeleSmith 22 ft x 10 ft vibrating grizzly feeder with 6 in. bar spacing. The grizzly feeder undersize material passes through to the primary crusher discharge conveyer bypassing

 

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the primary crusher. Grizzly feeder oversize material flows to a TeleSmith 5556 jaw crusher with a 300 hp drive. The crusher is operated at a 7 in. closed side set and operated at rate of between 1,000 and 1,200 t/h. The primary crusher discharge material and grizzly undersize material are combined on the primary crusher discharge conveyor which transports the material to the stockpile feed conveyor which conveys the material to the intermediate crushed ore stockpile. The primary crusher discharge conveyor is equipped with a weightometer to determine the material feed rate and totalized tonnage, a belt magnet to remove tramp steel from the belt and a metal detector to identify metal that was not picked up by the magnet.

 

Line Two

 

ROM ore is direct dumped in the primary crushing feed bin. The material too large for the crusher will be broken with a hydraulic rock breaker and fed to the crusher. The material is withdrawn from the bin using a Nelson Machinery Model EO-FE-001 plate feeder which feeds a Nelson Machinery VG860 vibrating screen with 6 in. openings. The screen undersize material passes through to the primary crusher discharge conveyer bypassing the primary crusher. Screen oversize material flows to a Svedala 1211HD jaw crusher with a 300 hp drive. The crusher is operated at a 7 in. closed side set and operated at rate of between 1,000 tph and 1,200 tph. The primary crusher discharge material and screen undersize material are combined on the primary crusher discharge conveyor which transports the material to a series of 42 in. conveyors that ultimately feed the intermediate crushed ore stockpile. The primary crusher discharge conveyor is equipped with a weightometer to determine the material feed rate and totalized tonnage, a belt magnet to remove tramp steel from the belt and a metal detector to identify metal that was not picked up by the magnet.

 

14.3.2.2  Intermediate Crushed Ore Stockpile

 

The crushed ore stockpile has a 75,000 short ton capacity. The ore is drawn from the stockpile from three draw points beneath the pile with belt feeders which discharge onto a conveyor that delivers the ore to a Simplicity Terex VG860 6 ft. x 12 ft. secondary vibrating grizzly feeder with 2 in. bar spacing, a 120 hp drive and a 1,200 tph capacity. Lime is added to the grizzly feed conveyor to adjust the pH and moisture content of the material prior to agglomeration.

 

14.3.2.3  Secondary Crushing

 

Secondary grizzly undersize (-2”) falls to the secondary crusher discharge conveyor. Secondary grizzly oversize material (+2”) is crushed in an open circuit 7 ft. Simons Standard cone crusher with a 500 hp drive. The secondary crusher discharge material and screen undersize material are combined on the secondary crusher discharge conveyor which transports the material to the agglomerator feed conveyor.

 

14.3.3Agglomeration

 

Cement is added at 2.0 kg/t to the agglomerator feed conveyor from three cement silos installed adjacent to the belt. The belt then delivers the crushed material to a distributor which divides the flow between two 12 ft diameter by 60 ft. long drum agglomerators operating in parallel. The agglomerators have 800 tph per drum capacity and rotate at seven revolutions per minutes (RPM)

 

14.3.3.1  Auto Sampler

 

The autosampler, installed in the agglomerator feed conveyor (conveyor 4) continuously monitors ore conditions. Its main function is to obtain representative samples of the stacked ore,

 

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thus allowing a control of the ore. The sampling system operates in designated shifts, following a schedule for complete coverage.

 

Samples are collected during shifts A-1, which runs from 6:00 am to 12:00 pm, A-2 (12:00 pm to 6:00 pm), B-1 (6:00 pm to 12:00 am) and B-2 (12:00 am to 6:00 am). allowing evaluation of leaching conditions throughout the operation cycle.

 

The collected samples are subjected to detailed analysis in the metallurgical laboratory, where the granulometry of the ore, gold content and its recovery are examined. These analyses provide the information required to make operational adjustments.

 

14.3.4Heap Leach Pad

 

14.3.4.1  Heap Leach Feed Conveyors and Stackers

 

The agglomerated material is conveyed to the HLP and stacked in 26 ft (8 m) lifts using a series of conveyors, including a combination of overland, grasshoppers, high lift, horizontal and stacker conveyors.

 

The conveyor system that is deployed from the agglomerators begins with conveyor 7, which receives the ore already agglomerated and discharges it into conveyor 8. In conveyor 8, a pre-cyanidation system is implemented, dosing sodium cyanide, ensuring an even distribution of this key reagent. The material is then transferred to conveyor 8, which also has a sodium cyanide dosing system.

 

Pre-cyanidation is important since in this way the reaction of the cyanide with the gold begins, forming complex ions that later in the yards will only need to be dragged by the irrigation solution.

 

Recently, conveyor 9 was divided to incorporate conveyor 9x, which discharges the ore in a specific area to be later stacked by dump trucks, this conveyor only comes into use when there are movements or maintenance on components following the normal conveyor 9. Normal conveyor 9 continues its journey and discharges into conveyor 10, which, in turn, discharges into conveyor 11. This pattern is repeated in successive conveyors until it reaches conveyor 13.

 

Conveyor 13 discharges into a series system of 13 grasshoppers with the same characteristics, which constitute a set of conveyors that facilitate the continuous movement of the ore. This system is discharged into a high lift, which, in turn, discharges onto a horizontal conveyor that carries the ore to the stacker. The stacker has the main function of stacking the ore in an orderly manner.

 

It should be noted that, in order to maintain the integrity of the agglomerate, the stacker must manage a controlled fall of the ore, limited within a range of 8-10 m. This is implemented to prevent compaction of the ore, as excessive height could compromise the integrity of the agglomerate (breakage), thus decreasing the efficiency of the overall process.

 

It is important to note that the grasshopper, high lift, horizontal and stacker systems are mobile, which allows greater versatility when changing the stacking areas.

 

Table 14-2 summarizes the specifications for each of the conveyors mentioned above.

 

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Table 14-2: Summary of Agglomerator Conveyors

 

Conveyor 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Width (in.) 48 48 36 36 42 48 36
Length (ft) - 380.5 735 455 370 885 688
Capacity (stpd) 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
Speed (ft/min) 351 403 509 511 575 370 575
Power (hp) 300 100 250 250 200 250 300

 

Conveyor GrassHoppers Highlight Horizontal Stacker
Width (in.) 36 36 36 36
Length (ft) 132 100 140 46.7
Capacity (stpd) 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
Speed (ft/min) 521 521 570 534
Power (hp) 60 60 60 125

 

14.3.4.2  Bypass Stockpile for Maintenance and Conveyor Moves

 

The bypass stockpile at the end of conveyor 9x, is used to stockpile heap leach pad feed material that is being conveyed to the leach pads for short periods of time, allowing time for specific situations, such as maintenance of conveyor components after conveyor 9 or movements of conveyors in the stacker system, and is characterized by its ability to receive large volumes of agglomerated ore temporarily. Its main function is to provide operational flexibility to the system, allowing the controlled accumulation of material in situations where the normal flow to the stacker is interrupted.

 

The stockpiled material will be reclaimed using dump trucks. This approach helps to minimize interruptions in production and maintain the efficiency of the overall process, ensuring effective management of the material flow in contingent situations.

 

14.3.4.3  Leach Solution Flow System

 

Figure 14-1 illustrates the leach solution flow system.

 

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Figure 14-1: Leach Solution Flow System

 

 

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Leach Panels

 

Panels are defined areas where a specified volume of ore is placed for controlled leaching. Solution is delivered to the panels using a piping grid and calibrated drip emitters to deliver the specified amount of cyanide leach solution per unit area to the pad. A perforated piping system beneath the panels just above the liner captures the leach solution, taking it to a central sump from where it is directed to the heaps or to the ADR plant.

 

Heap Leach Solution Ponds

 

In the operation's flow system, heap leach ponds play an essential role in solution management. There are a total of six high-capacity ponds, numbered from 1 to 6, and an additional pond called the "relay pond". Each of these stacks serves specific functions in the process.

 

The first three ponds, numbered from 1 to 3, are mainly intended to contain solutions with gold values from the leach pads, presenting decreasing concentrations in sequential order. Pond 1, used to hold PLS (gold-bearing leach solution), stores the gold-rich solution. Pond 2 contains solution with intermediate values (ILS [intermediate leach solution]), and Pond 3 stores the gold-poor solution from the panels or ADR plant.

 

Pond 4 is usually maintained with a limited amount of solution, reserving it for contingency situations. This stack acts as an additional, strategic resource in case of unexpected variations in the process.

 

Ponds 5 and 6 serve a dual purpose. In addition to storing water, they are used for water treatment when it is necessary to discharge into a natural tributary. This approach reflects a commitment to sustainable and responsible practices in water resource management.

 

The "relay pond" is used to make up leach solution from the barren ADR to be pumped to the leach pads for gold recovery. The low-concentration (barren) solution stored in the relay pond is mixed with a high-concentration cyanide solution to achieve an NaCN concentration of around 400 ppm (parts per million), an optimal level to start the leaching process efficiently.

 

Table 14-3 lists the capabilities of the heap leach ponds.

 

Table 14-3: Heap Leach Pond Capacities

 

Pond Capacity (m3)
1 39,351.7
2 54,687.5
3 51,929.1
4 166,277.7
5 164,467.9
6 83,278.8

 

Leachate Solution Distribution Box

 

The leach solution distribution box is connected to different leach pads, specifically to ponds 1 to 4, each intended to receive the solution based on the concentration of gold. This modular design allows for considerable operational flexibility. The piping and valve system provides operators with the control needed to adjust the distribution based on gold concentration analysis.

 

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14.3.5ADR Plant

 

Figure 14-2 presents the simplified flow diagram of the ADR plant.

 

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Figure 14-2: Simplified Flow Diagram of ADR Plant

 

 

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14.3.5.1  Carbon Column System (CIC)

 

The Carbon-in-Column (CIC) system is organized in trains and is composed of activated carbon columns designed for the selective adsorption of gold from the leachate solution.

 

The columns operate sequentially, receiving the leachate solution from the solution storage ponds, passing through a box that serves to filter and regulate the flow to the columns. In these columns, activated carbon selectively adsorbs the gold present in the solution.

 

The carbon columns are designed to process 10,000 m3/day in each train and the plant has a capacity to work with up to 6 trains, which can be exchanged between PLS and ILS trains, depending on the need of the operation.

 

14.3.5.2  Acid Washing of the Loaded Carbon

 

Acid washing of the loaded carbon is performed in a separate acid wash column after to elution. The loaded carbon is subjected hydrochloric acid washing to dissolve carbonate scale and some impurities in preparation of elution.

 

14.3.5.3  Elution Columns

 

Once a column reaches its maximum adsorption capacity, the carbon is removed and transferred to elution columns where they undergo the elution process, generating a gold-rich solution. The loaded carbon is contacted with a solution of caustic soda and ethanol, the ethanol interacts with the surface of the activated carbon, breaking the adsorption forces between the gold and the adsorbent. This process is carried out under controlled temperature and pressure conditions to optimize the efficiency of desorption. Once eluted, the gold is recovered from the eluate, while the activated carbon can undergo a regeneration cycle for reuse in future adsorption processes.

 

14.3.5.4  Rich Solution Tank

 

The rich solution tank is designed to store the gold-rich solution from the desorption process providing a surge tank for feeding the electrowinning circuit. It allows controlled and continuous flow of the rich solution into the electrowinning cells, where the electrodeposition of the gold will be carried out for recovery.

 

14.3.5.5  Lean Solution Tank

 

Analogous to the tank mentioned above, this tank is a temporary reservoir that retains the lean solution from the electrowinning system in the electrowinning cells. This residual solution with low gold values is then used again in the desorption process.

 

14.3.5.6  Thermal Carbon Regeneration

 

Eluted carbon is reactivated in a high temperature rotary kiln prior to recycling the carbon to the carbon columns for continued adsorption of gold. During the thermal regeneration process, the heat generated breaks down and removes impurities, thus revitalizing the carbon's adsorption capacity.

 

14.3.5.7  Electrowinning

 

Gold is recovered from the rich gold eluate by electrowinning resulting in the deposition of metals, including gold, in stainless steel cathodes. The gold-rich solution flows through the

 

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electrowinning cells at a controlled voltage and the ions of gold and other metals in the solution are reduced at the cathodes, forming solid deposits on the surface.

 

14.3.5.8  Cathode Washing

 

The SS cathode mesh used in the electrowinning cells is washed to extract the metal sludge deposited in them. Once the cathode mesh material is loaded with metal precipitate, they are removed from the cell and pressure washed, this procedure is performed using sweep solution, a solution that contains low cyanide, gold and other components. The resulting solution, which carries the solid concentrate, is directed to a filter press in which the sludge is recovered, and the resulting clarified solution is recycled for another process.

 

14.3.5.9  Retort Oven

 

The retort furnace operates at a temperature of 880°F (470°C) and is used for drying the gold sludge filter cake from the filter press, and volatilizing the mercury contained in the gold sludge and subsequently condensing and recovering the mercury prior to the smelting furnace.

 

14.3.6Melting Furnace

 

Following retorting the dried gold sludge is mixed with fluxes including borax, silica and potassium nitrate to form a slag to remove impurities and smelted in a furnace at a temperature of 1,200°C to produce doré ingots for sale.

 

14.4Energy, Water, and Material Requirements

 

The processing plant's operational needs are as follows:

 

·Energy:

 

oThe facility requires approximately 15 MW of electrical power, sourced from the regional grid.

 

·Water:

 

oThe process water demand is met through recirculated solution from the leach pads, supplemented by freshwater from permitted sources.

 

oTotal water usage is estimated at 60,000 m³/day of recirculating water. No external water is used.

 

·Consumption of Process Materials during 2023:

 

oSodium cyanide: 3,360 tonnes/year

 

oCement: 12,741 tonnes/year

 

oActivated carbon: 74 tonnes/year

 

oCaustic soda: 386,795 tonnes/year

 

oAlcohol: 1,010,000 tonnes/year

 

·Personnel Requirements

 

oThe processing plant operates with a team of 200 personnel, including operators, maintenance staff, and metallurgists, working in rotating shifts to maintain continuous operation.

 

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14.5Process Flow Sheet

 

A simplified flow sheet of the San Andrés processing plant is presented in Figure 14-3, illustrating the key stages from ore hauling to doré production.

 

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Figure 14-3: Process Flowsheet

 

 

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15.0Infrastructure

 

The San Andrés Mine infrastructure supports its mining, processing, and administrative operations efficiently and reliably. The facilities and systems have been developed over decades, ensuring alignment with operational needs and compliance with environmental standards.

 

15.1Heap Leach Pad

 

SLR has reviewed the information, analysis, and conclusions from the following documents for the review of the HLP:

 

·San Andrés Open Pit and Heap Leach Pad Slope Stability Assessment, SRK Consulting (U.S.), Inc., 136400.050, June 17, 2021 (SRK 2021).

 

·Reporte Mensual Monitoreo Geomecanico para el Mes de Septiembre, Gerencia de Mina / Departamento de Geomecanica (Minosa), / Realizado por: Carlos Desayes, 7/10/2024 (Minosa 2024a).

 

·PowerPoint Presentation “Pad de lixiviación – LOM”, January 2025

 

The ore is stacked on the leach pad in eight metre lifts on top of the previously leached ore that has been mined and prepared. The ore is leached for an average of 60 days before allowing the area to dry and prepare for the next uplift. The solution used for leaching comes from the ADR plant after the cyanide concentration has been replenished.

 

The HLP has been built in multiple phases.

 

·The first four phases of the HLP were designed by SRK, based out of Denver, USA.

 

·AMEC, based out of Denver, USA, designed Phase V, which was built in stages with the first stage completed in 2013.

 

·AMEC also designed Phase VI of the HLP. Phase VI was built in stages.

 

oThe first stage, Stage 1A, was completed during the period 2016–2017.

 

oStage 1B was completed during 2018–2019.

 

oStage 2 was built during 2020–2021.

 

Originally, the Phase VI HLP provided approximately 9.5 million m3 of ore storage. The current Phase VI HLP expansion (without considering the capacity update being completed by Minosa – see below) consists of a 27.5 ha pad, with stages 1A and 1B partially overlapping the existing Phases IV and V.

 

Stability of the HLP was evaluated most recently for the then-current HLP configuration, and for three options for final loading of the leach pads (SRK 2021). For each of the cases, a numerical stress-deformation model was developed along critical cross-sections. The deformations of the stacked ore and also the impacts of deformations on the base liner geomembrane system were evaluated. For all scenarios, it was concluded that the deformations were acceptable, and did not represent failure of the slope or of the liner (SRK 2021).

 

In order to validate the deformation analyses, SRK recommended the application/installation of monitoring instrumentation, including satellite InSar monitoring System, topographic monitoring stations, automatic total station, piezometers, inclinometers, and a seismograph. SLR reviewed the monthly monitoring report prepared by Minosa in October 2024 (Minosa 2024a) and offers the following conclusions:

 

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·Monthly monitoring is being completed by Minosa personnel.

 

·The recommended monitoring system was applied, with the exception of the seismograph, which was not mentioned in the report.

 

·The HLP is performing within design parameters, based on instrumentation readings.

 

·The monitoring report also includes monitoring of the operational and stormwater management ponds associated with the HLP.

 

Minosa has updated the capacity of the HLP based on internal evaluations and engineering studies conducted by Kappes, Cassiday & Associates (KCA), refining the original SRK design. As of January 1, 2025, the estimated remaining capacity of the existing heap leach facility is 21.6 Mt, which is below the projected Life of Mine (LOM) ore tonnage of approximately 30.5 Mt.

 

To address this shortfall, Minosa is advancing multiple expansion projects to ensure sufficient leaching capacity:

 

·Phase VI Expansion (green area in Figure 15-1) – Planned to add 3,418,555 tonnes.

 

·Expansion Phase VI (purple area in Figure 15-1) – A larger expansion expected to provide an additional 10,227,416 tonnes.

 

·High-Rise Expansion (blue area in Figure 15-1) – Evaluated for an estimated 5,338,526 tonnes of added capacity.

 

If all planned expansions are completed, the total HLP capacity would increase to 40,613,176 tonnes, exceeding the LOM requirement.

 

Geotechnical assessments for these expansions are being conducted by SRK, and engineering studies are ongoing with KCA. Minosa has indicated that these projects are expected to provide the required capacity for processing the declared Mineral Reserves. However, SLR has not had access to the capacity studies or stability evaluations of these expansions and therefore cannot provide an independent opinion on their feasibility at this time. A third-party validation of the estimated  HLP capacity and associated stability is recommended to support the planned expansions.

 

The water management system of the HLP is comprised of six ponds, Pond 1 (pregnant leach solution), Pond 2 (intermediate leach solution), Pond 3 (barren solution), Pond 4 (water from rainfall), Pond 5 (water from rainfall), and Pond 6 (contact water). Ponds 1 to 4 were developed for phases 1 and 2 of the HLP operations and remain active. Ponds 5 and 6 were added later in 2006 and 2011, respectively. Minosa is planning to decommission Pond 5 to expand the footprint of the HLP. As part of the expansion project, Minosa is planning to expand Pond 4 and build a new pond south of the HLP, referred to as New Pond 5 (SRK 2024). All ponds are lined with geomembrane. Water is discharged from Pond 6 to the environment. Excess water collected in the HLP water management system is conveyed to a water treatment plant before being released to the environment downstream of the confluence between the Lara River and the Casas Viejas Creek. The water treatment plant is designed to neutralize cyanide, mercury, arsenic, selenium, sulphates, and cobalt.

 

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Figure 15-1: Heap Leach Pad Remaining Capacity and Potential Expansion Areas

 

 

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15.2Water Supply

 

Water for operational use is sourced entirely from rainwater runoff, collected and stored in surge ponds. No external water sources are required for processing, reducing the Mine’s environmental footprint.

 

Potable water for employees is purchased from a qualified provider and delivered to office and camp facilities.

 

Water for office areas is supplied by water trucks, ensuring consistent availability for non-operational use.

 

15.3Purchasing and Warehousing

 

The purchasing and warehousing team is an in-house operation, equipped to handle all logistical needs.

 

Warehouse facilities are adequately designed to store chemical products, diesel, and spare parts, ensuring safe and organized inventory management.

 

The warehouse infrastructure supports continuous operations with sufficient stockpiling and streamlined procurement processes.

 

15.4Offices and Shops

 

The Mine has a main office building located on-site, housing administrative and technical staff in a centralized, open-plan workspace.

 

Additional office spaces are located near the processing plant and mine areas, supporting operational management and coordination.

 

There are two dedicated shops:

 

·One for maintaining stationary equipment and the company’s mobile equipment.

 

·One utilized by the contractor, supporting maintenance for loading and hauling equipment.

 

15.5Communications

 

The mine site is equipped with optical fiber infrastructure, providing high-speed internet access across major facilities.

 

Radio communication services ensure seamless communication between operational teams.

 

Cellular service is available throughout the site, facilitating efficient coordination and safety protocols.

 

15.6Accommodations

 

The on-site camp facility includes 45 accommodations, primarily used for visiting personnel or contractors.

 

Most employees reside in nearby communities, reducing reliance on on-site housing while supporting local development.

 

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15.7Energy Supply

 

The Mine is connected to the Honduran national power grid managed by Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica (ENEE), ensuring reliable and cost-effective energy for its operations.

 

A diesel power generation system is maintained as a backup to ensure uninterrupted operations during grid outages.

 

Table 15-1: Capacity of Diesel Powered Generators

 

  Installed Capacity, MW Available Capacity, MW
Generator 1 2 1.4
Generator 2 1.75 1.225
Generator 4 2 1.4
Generator 5 2 1.4
Total 7.75 5.43

 

15.8Transportation and Access

 

The Mine is accessible via a network of paved highways and gravel roads, facilitating efficient transport of materials, equipment, and personnel.

 

Internal roadways connect the various operational areas, designed for safe and efficient movement of heavy equipment.

 

The site includes a helipad, primarily used for the transportation of Dore production and, when required, for personnel transfers and emergency medical evacuations. Figure 15-2 provides the general site layout for the Mine.

 

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Figure 15-2: Infrastructure Layout

 

 

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16.0Market Studies

 

16.1Markets

 

The principal commodity at the San Andrés Mine is gold, which is freely traded on global markets. The sale of gold is not subject to specific contracts, and Aura does not foresee any material concerns regarding the marketability of production.

 

Gold doré produced at the Mine is refined and primarily sold through global precious metals markets, where pricing is transparent, highly liquid, and benchmarked against the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) gold price. Gold prices are influenced by supply-demand fundamentals, investor sentiment, macroeconomic conditions, geopolitical events, and central bank activities.

 

The economic analysis in this report utilizes CIBC Analysts Consensus Commodity Price forecasts, a widely recognized industry benchmark:

 

·Short-Term Pricing (2025–2029): Annual consensus forecasts provided by CIBC analysts, averaging approximately US$2,531 per ounce over the operational period.

 

·Long-Term Pricing (beyond 2029): A consensus long-term gold price of US$2,212 per ounce, based on CIBC Analysts Consensus Commodity Price forecasts.

 

The initial reserve estimation used a more conservative gold price assumption of US$2,000 per ounce, and the economic viability at this conservative price has been confirmed, providing confidence in the project’s economic robustness.

 

Market Outlook Highlights:

 

·Analysts forecast continued robust gold demand driven by macroeconomic uncertainty, inflationary pressures, geopolitical risk, and steady central bank buying.

 

·Limited near-term increases in global gold production capacity support stable to positive consensus gold price projections.

 

·The San Andrés Mine’s planned production aligns favorably with anticipated market conditions, positioning it to capitalize effectively on projected strong gold pricing environments.

 

Aura has no long-term off-take agreements, allowing flexibility to leverage favorable spot market conditions.

 

16.2Contracts

 

The San Andrés Mine operates under several key contracts that align with industry standards.

 

These include:

 

·Mining Haulage Contract: The primary mining contractor was recently awarded, via a competitive tender process, to a new Honduras-based company. This demonstrates the availability of local expertise and resources to support mining operations.

 

·Explosives Supply Contract: Explosives are procured under a long-term agreement with a qualified supplier, ensuring consistency in availability and pricing.

 

·Cyanide, Lime, and Cement Supply Contracts: These essential commodities are supplied through industry-standard contracts that ensure reliable supply chains.

 

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·Diesel and Power Supply: The mine sources fuel and power under standard commercial agreements. As noted in Section 4.4, power supply has been diversified through connection to the national grid, reducing costs significantly.

 

The terms of these contracts are consistent with those negotiated in similar operations across the mining industry and are periodically reviewed to ensure competitiveness and compliance with operational requirements.

 

The current framework of agreements and contracts supports the stable operation of the San Andrés Mine. Contracts are negotiated at arm’s length and are aligned with prevailing market conditions, ensuring cost-effectiveness and operational reliability. Aura actively manages these contracts to mitigate risks and maintain operational continuity.

 

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17.0Environmental Studies, Permitting, and Plans, Negotiations, or Agreements with Local Individuals or Groups

 

SLR based its review on a desktop review and a site visit, including interviews with key environmental, social, and mining staff from Minosa.

 

17.1Environmental and Social Setting

 

17.1.1Environmental Setting

 

The EIA (SRK 1998) provides a detailed description of the baseline environment, as summarized below. Existing infrastructure on site included open pits and cyanide heap leach facilities when the baseline studies were conducted and at the time of writing the EIA.

 

17.1.1.1  Air Quality

 

The mine site is remote with no existing pollution sources in the vicinity.

 

17.1.1.2  Geochemistry

 

Acid base accounting (ABA) and metal leaching tests were conducted on ore, including spent ore, and waste rock samples. Results showed that there is limited potential for acid generation from ore samples, and that drainage from spent ore could contain low concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, and calcium (SRK 1998).

 

17.1.1.3  Flora and Fauna

 

Baseline studies were conducted from 1995 to 1997. Three primary and two secondary vegetation communities were identified. The dominant vegetation community is mixed predominantly pine forest which comprises 75% pine mixed with broadleaf species. Ecological importance was calculated for each tree species by plant community and found that Pinus oocarpa had the highest importance at 83%. One possible threatened plant species was found but only identified to the genus level, namely Machaerium spp. Areas with this species are considered “fragile areas” according to the EIA. There were medicinal plants, weeds, and cultivated plants found such as mango, orange banana, guayabas, plums, papayas, and guava (fruit not native to the area).

 

Birds were abundant with 76 species observed during fieldwork; however, none were rare, threatened, or endangered birds. Mammals were extremely scarce, likely due to hunting. Bats were abundant and the diversity was noted to be high possibly due to abundant roosting areas in abandoned mines, the absence of most diurnal animals which reduced competition, and cessation of mining activities at night. No endangered, vulnerable, or threatened mammals were observed.

 

Reptiles were scarce and had little diversity. No dominant, endemic, or threatened species were observed. Fish were also scarce, and no threatened species were found (SRK 1998).

 

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17.1.1.4  Protected Areas

 

There are no protected areas in the vicinity of the site. The closest protected areas are Protected Area Erapuca (wildlife refuge) located 8.5 km to the southwest and National Park Montana de Celaque located 27 km southeast of Minosa.

 

17.1.1.5  Land Use

 

Exploration and mining in the area and at site occurred from the 1930s through 1976. Current surrounding land use includes coffee farming, with nearby communities as described in Section 17.1.2.

 

17.1.2Social Setting

 

The San Andrés Mine is located in the highlands of western Honduras 18 km west of the town of Santa Rosa de Copán, the capital of the Department of Copán.

 

The area of influence (AOI) or surrounding communities that may interact with the Mine and its facilities include Azacualpa, San Andrés, San Miguel, Platanares, Ceibita, and El Equin located within or near the mining concession. These communities constitute individual “aldeas” and form part of a larger tract of land called “ejido”, or public land, and are part of La Union Municipality.

 

The direct AOI is composed of approximately 949 families residing in Azacualpa (542 families), San Andrés (342 families), and San Miguel (65 families). These communities are the closest to the mine and its components and are the key focus for Minosa's engagement efforts (Aura 2024b).

 

Minosa engagement activities focus on providing these communities benefits through employment, local procurement, and social investment programs. These communities are mainly agricultural communities dedicated to coffee planting. Income is mainly from farming and mine-related activities (i.e., temporary and permanent employment and local procurement).

 

The main stakeholders are composed of communities or ejidos within the AOI, the Municipality of La Union (Copan), local and state authorities, contractors, suppliers, chambers of commerce, industry organizations, foundations (i.e., Fundacion San Andrés), media and non-governmental organizations, unions and employees.

 

A municipal cemetery used by the communities was located adjacent to the existing pit. Due to geotechnical stability concerns and the strategic position of the cemetery for the Mine, an agreement with the communities in 2012 allowed for the relocation of this cemetery. Minosa signed agreements with communities to relocate the cemetery in 2015. Few families opposed the relocation of their ancestors’ remains, which concluded with a Judicial Resolution ordering Minosa to complete the relocation. Minosa compensated all the affected families and fulfilled all the obligations per the agreements signed, and the relocation of the cemetery was completed in 2021.

 

17.1.2.1  Communities and Infrastructure

 

Access to the Mine is via paved and gravel roads approximately 210 km from San Pedro Sula or 360 km from Tegucigalpa. International airports with daily flights from North America, Europe, and Latin American countries service both cities.

 

The Mine is located approximately 18 km west of Santa Rosa de Copán, the capital of the Department of Copán. The town site and property of San Andrés is accessible via a 28 km paved highway from Santa Rosa de Copán, and then by a 22 km gravel road from the town of

 

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Cucuyagua. The gravel road is public, but Minosa has helped local authorities maintain this road.

 

Labour is sourced locally from the surrounding communities. Educational, medical, recreational, and shopping facilities are available in the Mine area. Management and specialized staff are sourced locally or internationally as required and available.

 

The Mine has a well-developed infrastructure, which includes power and water supply, warehouses, maintenance facilities, testing laboratory, and on-site camp facilities for management, staff, and contractors. On-site communication includes radio, telephone, internet, and satellite television services (Aura 2014).

 

17.2Environmental and Social Impacts and Risks

 

17.2.1Environmental

 

Mitigation measures were specified by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to manage environmental impacts. These mitigation measures, incorporated as requirements of the various secondary environmental licences (Section 17.3), included measures on soil management, ecosystem restoration, fauna and flora management, air quality, water and effluent management, as well as contingency planning with regard to mine worker health and nearby community health. SLR therefore understands that the key environmental risks and impacts lie in these environmental components.

 

Aura compiled a Mitigation Measures Report in 2023 which states that the Mine must reforest an area equivalent to the expansion areas, and also develop a reforestation program aimed at improving the Lara River Basin, and through a cooperation agreement carry our protection activities in the Erapuca Wildlife Refuge (Aura 2023b). The report summarizes resourcing and implementation of measures around environmental restoration and compensation, wildlife protection, forest species harvesting and protection, and seed back management. The report is brief and does not provide significant detail, but it does indicate continued implementation of Environmental Management Plans around water and air quality, soil remediation, forest fire fighting, plant production, fauna and flora management activities, and ecosystem compensation.

 

Aura has several operating procedures in place:

 

·Effluent control (last revised 23/03/2014)

 

·Protection and monitoring of flora (last revised 27/05/2022)

 

·Protection and monitoring of fauna (last revised 27/05/2022)

 

·Management of contaminated soils (last revised 27/05/2022)

 

·Reclamation, Restoration, Abandonment and Surrender of Area of Mining Operations (last reviewed 14/05/2024).

 

These procedures include an objective, responsibilities, and procedures and should be reviewed and updated regularly.

 

17.2.2Social

 

According to Aura Minerals Sustainability Report from 2023, community relations are key in the company’s strategy and vital for the success of its operations.

 

The Mine has signed collaboration agreements with the direct AOI’s communities. It executed agreements with Azacualpa (2012), San Andrés (2012), and San Miguel (2021). These

 

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collaboration agreements seek to provide financial support to direct AOI communities through social investments in areas related to education, health, housing, and employment.

 

Minosa engages communities through their elected representatives, the Patronatos. Minosa has engaged the Patronatos since 2012 to identify communities’ needs and priorities (Aura 2024b), and currently, they meet monthly.

 

As indicated above, community investment initiatives started with the signing of the collaboration agreements with the direct AOI’s communities and included the construction of new houses and road maintenance and improvements, among others. In 2023, Minosa invested approximately $1.3 million in local community investment initiatives related to local services and infrastructure.

 

In 2024, Minosa expanded its community development initiatives by implementing health and social projects to benefit the AOI’s communities. These initiatives are carried out by the San Andrés Foundation, a social arm created by Minosa in 2022 to fund community investment initiatives and promote local development in the Mine’s AOI (Aura 2022). In addition to the community investment initiatives, Minosa strives to maximize local benefits through local employment and procurement with the AOI’s communities. The company hires a local workforce to fill vacancies and retains services from contractors that employ the local workforce. In 2023, 90% of the employees were from the local communities, and approximately 466 temporary positions have been created annually.

 

Managing high expectations from surrounding communities is one of the key social risks for Minosa. Communities have expressed concerns about pollution, noise, changes in land use, biodiversity loss and social conflicts, including blockades (Aura 2023a). SLR understands that to manage these risks in Honduras, Aura has established dialogue tables with representatives from the central government, municipalities, local government, local companies, and Minosa to discuss topics related to the management of environmental impacts. Minosa also meets biweekly with the representatives of the AOI’s communities to monitor Mine-related effects and commitment implementation (Aura 2022).

 

Minosa has a grievance procedure for the communities to provide feedback or file concerns regarding the mine operations. In effect since 2023, it establishes that grievances must be resolved within 60 days of filing.

 

To minimize the risk related to some houses located in close proximity to the HLP, Minosa proceeded to obtain this land. In return, Minosa donated land for the exclusive use of San Miguel community.

 

Aura achieved the Socially Responsible Company Seal from the Honduran Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility (FUNDAHRSE), awarded to companies that achieve a minimum score of 80% in the analysis of seven ESG topics (i.e., governance, human rights, labour practices, fair operational practices, environment, consumer-related issues, and active community participation). Aura reached 94% in its first year of evaluation.

 

Indigenous Peoples

 

SLR understands that no Indigenous Peoples are identified within the AOI of Minosa (Aura 2023). An external study undertaken by the Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia (IHAH) found that the population of the three communities of the direct AOI does not self-identify or affiliate or is related with any Indigenous Peoples (Aura 2024b).

 

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17.3Project Permitting

 

The Mine obtained the mining concession in 1983 issued by Instituto Hondureño de Geologia y Minas (INHGEOMIN) for San Andres I (355 ha). Aura understands this permit is valid.

 

The General Law of the Environment (Decree 104-93) established the requirement that any project, industrial facility, or activity that has the potential to impact/pollute or degrade the environment must complete an EIA. The General Law requested the Secretariat of Natural Resources and the Environment (SERNA, now MIAmbiente) to create and manage a National Environmental Impact Assessment Evaluation System (SINEIA) which will oversee the implementation of prescribed measures for protecting the environment. In 2015, the SINEA was updated to, in theory, streamline the environmental licensing process, facilitate the tracking of compliance, achieve transparency, and strengthen coordination between all relevant stakeholders. The updated system is called System for Simplified Environmental Licensing (Sistema de Licenciamiento Ambiental Simplificado [SLAS in Spanish]), which includes among others, the need for an Operational Environmental Licence, a signed mitigation measures contract, and a Functional Environmental Licence.

 

The Operational Environmental Licence (Licencia Ambiental de Operación) is to be granted by MIAmbiente and is intended to certify that the proponent has complied satisfactorily with all the technical and legal requirements of the environmental licence application process. An Operational Environmental Licence is void once the proponent has obtained the Functional Environmental Licence (Licencia Ambiental de Funcionamiento), which is to be used for the actual implementation of the project. MIAmbiente grants the Functional Environmental Licence and certifies that the proponent has complied with all the steps and obligations required by Law to commence operating the project, work, or activity. A Functional Environmental Licence is valid for five years.

 

The mine's first EIA was completed in 1998. An initial environmental permit was issued in 2001 for the total project area (355 ha polygon), which covers the same area considered under San Andres I mining concession issued by INHGEOMIN. In addition, Aura obtained through time, secondary environmental licences (most of them, Operational Environmental Licences) for various/small polygons within the original permitted polygon (see Table 17-1, Figure 17-1).

 

At the beginning of the current Honduran government (2022-2026), an official statement indicated that the approval of mining exploitation permits has been cancelled[1] . However, the situation seems to be evolving as the government (working in conjunction with INHGEOMIN) has developed the first National Policy for a Fair and Responsible Mining Business[2]. This Policy is currently being socialized in various locations within the country where mining claims are located.

 

Aura understands that this initial environmental permit (issued for the 355 ha polygon) is considered to be the overall lifetime environmental licence for the site (Aguilar Castillo Love 2024), and covers the entire polygon area, including both the secondary environmental licences and the Buffa Zone. Aura submitted a request to the environmental authority to confirm if that is the case. SLR understands that Aura is still waiting for the outcome of this administrative process. In the meantime, Aura obtained in January 2025 authorization to cut the trees in Buffa Zone through Resolution DE-PS-002-2025 issued by Instituto Nacional de Conservacion

 

 

 

1 https://www.dw.com/es/honduras-se-declara-pa%C3%ADs-libre-de-miner%C3%ADa-a-cielo-abierto/a-60954221#:~:
text=Honduras%20se%20declara%20%22pa%C3%ADs%20libre,DW%20%E2%80%93%2001/03/2022

 

2 https://inhgeomin.gob.hn/politica-minera/

 

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Forestal, ICF, which supports Aura’s understanding related to the environmental lifetime licence. Furthermore, Aura's legal counsel indicates that in Honduras there is a positive administrative silence for environmental matters (as per the Administrative Procedure Law – Decree 152-87, Article 50). This means that if the environmental authority does not approve/deny the request for the renewal of an environmental permit within the legal timeframe established as per the regulation, the principle of positive administrative silence applies, and the public administration is obliged to recognize the favourable legal effects of the submitted application. Based on that, Aura understands that the existing secondary environmental licences are still valid. This is also the case for the water-taking permit from Río Lara (218 M 98), which renewal was requested in 2019.

 

For exploration, Aura has mining and environmental permits for the areas identified as San Andrés III and San Andrés IV. Furthermore, Aura understands that exploration for San Andres I (covering the 355 ha polygon) is also allowed.

 

It appears that Minosa does not have enough capacity in the HLP area to manage the LOM projected material (Section 15.1). Therefore, additional permitting planning should be required.

 

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Table 17-1: Minosa - Environmental Permits

 

No Responsible Agency Number Description Permit Type Approval
Date
Expiration
Date
Renewal Request Date Comments
1 INHGEOMIN San Andrés I-45 Mining Permit Exploration and Exploitation for a 355 ha polygon 1/27/1983 1/27/2023 9/29/2022 Renewal was requested by Aura. Aura assumes positive administrative silence.
2 INHGEOMIN San Andrés III - 143 Mining Permit Exploration and Exploitation 12/21/2021 12/21/2031    
3 INHGEOMIN San Andrés IV - 142 Mining Permit Exploration and Exploitation 12/21/2021 12/21/2031    
4 SERNA 187-2001 Environmental Permit Main Environmental licence for a 355 ha polygon (including Water Tank Hill) 11/19/2001 N.A.   Aura is assuming this is a lifetime environmental license covering all the areas
5 SERNA 071-2012 Twin Hills Environmental licence for 48.02 ha 3/16/2012 3/16/2014 4/5/2014  
6 SERNA 146-2010 Twin Hills Expansion Environmental Licence for 42.65 ha 11/26/2010 11/26/2012 10/27/2012 Aura assumes positive administrative silence, and these permits covered under the lifetime environmental licence.
7 SERNA 064-2015

Botadero Twin Hills Norte

 

Polígono de botadero de 11.93 ha 8/6/2015 8/6/2020 4/8/2020
8 SERNA 106-2003 East Expansion - Water Tank Hill Open Pit Environmental Licence for 8.6 ha 5/19/2003      
9 SERNA

 

001-2018

 

East Ledge Expansion Environmental Licence for 19.32 ha 1/8/2018 1/8/2023 9/10/2022  Aura assumes positive administrative silence and permit covered under the lifetime environmental licence.
10 SERNA 076-2021 Botadero Sur Environmental Licence for 21.34 ha 7/2/2021 7/2/2026 N.A.  

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No Responsible Agency Number Description Permit Type Approval
Date
Expiration
Date
Renewal Request Date Comments
11 SERNA SLAS - 0112 – 2020 Stock Intermedia Environmental Licence for 4.37 ha 9/2/2020      
12 SERNA SLAS - 0295 - 2018 A Fault (Operation licence) Licence for 19.32 ha 10/22/2018 N.A.    
13 SERNA SLAS - 0119 - 2021 Banana Ridge (Operation licence) Licence for 3.07 ha 1/18/2022 N.A.    
14 SERNA   La Buffa         Aura is confirming if this area is covered under the lifetime environmental license. Outcome of the process is still to be determined.
15 SERNA 052-2014 Expansion Heap Leach Pad. Phases III y IV Environmental Licence for 37.24 ha 04/20/2014 04/20/2019 12/21/2018

Aura assumes positive administrative silence and permits covered under the lifetime environmental licence.

 

16 SERNA –003-2012 Expansion Heap Leach Pad. Phase V Environmental Licence for 19.10 ha 10/15/2012 10/15/2017 6/7/2017
17 SERNA –101-2016 Expansion Heap Leach Pad. Phase VI Environmental License for 26.54 ha 10/20/2016 10/20/2021 6/22/2021
18 SERNA SLAS - 0467 - 202 Exploration - Concesión San Andrés III Environmental Permit 10/14/2021      
19 SERNA SLAS - 0469 - 2021 Exploration - Concesión San Andrés IV Environmental Permit 10/14/2021      
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No Responsible Agency Number Description Permit Type Approval
Date
Expiration
Date
Renewal Request Date Comments
20 SERNA SLAS - 0061 - 2023 Transmisión Eléctrica MINOSA - Geoplatanares Environmental Permit for electrical connection to Geoplatanales 3/23/2023 N.A.    

 

Note: INHGEOMIN: Instituto Hondureño de Geologia y Mina, SERNA: Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente
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Figure 17-1: Minosa Lifetime Environmental Permit, Secondary Environmental Licenses and la Buffa Area

 

 

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Minosa has five wastewater discharges to the environment. They are identified as Represa Sedimentación (RSSW), Quebrada Murcielago abajo Twin Hills (QMATH), Quebrada Calzontillos abajo Twin Hills (QCATH), and Salida Filtro Frances Botadero Sur (SFFBS), and Tuberia Descarga Poza 6 (TDP6). For effluent discharge, The Executive Agreement 003-2020 establishes conditions for the wastewater discharges into waterbodies. The Agreement requires the wastewater discharge registration, and associated discharge authorization

 

The Mine requested the wastewater discharge registration for effluent discharge TDP6 (effluent from the HLP area) in March 2022. On September 15, 2022, Minosa, and SINEIA signed the updated Provisional Protocol for Wastewater Discharge for this effluent discharge. According to this updated Protocol, Minosa should take some composite water quality samples from Pond 6, pipeline after Pond 6, samples upstream (Lara River and Quebrada Casas Viejas) of the effluent discharge and downstream of this effluent discharge (Lara River, 1000 downstream). The samples are to be sent to an external laboratory. In addition, there is a need to measure flows to ensure the effluent discharge is up to 10% of the waterbody flow at the time of the discharge. Once the samples show that there are no exceedances, the wastewater can be released, and composite samples should be taken daily during the discharge to ensure water quality meets the criteria. If an issue is detected, the discharge should be stopped, and water treatment adjusted accordingly. Minosa understands based on the discussion with the regulators that this Protocol is the discharge authorization for this effluent discharge.

 

17.4Project Compliance Reports

 

The Environmental Control Measures Compliance Reports (Informe de Cumplimiento de Medidas Ambientales, or ICMA) are required for projects with environmental licences. The reports are required throughout the life of the project, including its construction, operation, and closure stages. The ICMA is the report where the proponent can document compliance, and the associated potential mitigation measures established in the EIA. Reports are provided for each of the secondary environmental licences.

 

Aura provided examples of ICMAs submitted to the environmental authorities. These reports describe how the Mine is meeting the requirements of the Environmental Management Program, and summarize the environmental mitigation measures implemented, providing the key environmental activities completed during the reported period. The report indicates which government organizations conducted site visits and inspections, and the number of non-conformances identified.

 

17.5Waste Disposal, Site Monitoring and Water Management

 

17.5.1Waste Rock Storage Facilities

 

The Project has several Waste Rock Storage Facilities. Some of them have been rehabilitated or already partially rehabilitated (North, and Twin Hills Phase I). Currently, waste rock material is used for backfilling at Twin Hills pit or it is deposited in the Twin Hills (Calzontillos Phase) WRSF/Cerro Cortes WRSF (Figure 17-2). The WRSFs do not show significant movements (TerrasarX radar), there are no relevant observations related to topographic monitoring (prisms), and the inclinometers were reported as damaged (Aura 2024a).

 

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Figure 17-2: Waste Rock Storage Facilities

 

 

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17.5.2Site Monitoring

 

The Mine completes site monitoring regularly. As part of the monitoring, water quality (Section 17.5.3), air quality monitoring, noise monitoring, and terrestrial ecology monitoring are completed. The results are reported as part of the ICMAs.

 

17.5.3Water Management

 

Water management at the Mine includes the water management system of the HLP for industrial water (Section 15.1) and treatment of domestic wastewater.

 

Water management for the HLP is carried out following operational procedures POP-01-01-3.5-026 for reutilization and discharge of treated industrial wastewater, and PO-MI-G&A-MA-029-ES for effluent control, both developed by Minosa. Water quality evaluation is conducted based on the Technical Norms for Water Discharge to Receiving Waterbodies from the government of Honduras (Agreement No. 058 from April 9, 1996). Excess water collected in the HLP water management system is conveyed to a water treatment plant before being released to the environment downstream of the confluence between the Lara River and the Casas Viejas Creek. The water treatment plant is designed to neutralize cyanide, mercury, arsenic, selenium, sulphates, and cobalt.

 

Minosa has undertaken a review of the water management system for the HLP, mostly focused on the capacity of the six ponds. An external consultant was retained to carry out a desktop review of pond design and capacity, which is in the process of being completed. The first draft version of this report was issued recently, in November 2024 (SRK 2024). Opportunities for improvement of the water management systems were identified by the consultant. The main findings and recommendations are as follows:

 

·The current strategy of pond operation allows for water levels that reduce the freeboard established in the pond design criteria. It is recommended that operational practices be amended to always maintain the design freeboard.

 

·The current system has insufficient capacity to store the runoff resulting from the 1 in 100 years, 24-hour duration rainfall storm event. Providing storage capacity for this rainfall event is recommended to reduce the risk of discharge of untreated excess water to the environment. The minimum pond volume recommended to replace Pond 5 is 400,000 m3.

 

·Given that approximately 20% to 30% of the HLP surface area cannot be expanded, it is recommended that progressive closure of that area be initiated to reduce the volume of excess water to be treated and discharged.

 

·Implementation of other measures to reduce the volume of water to be managed is recommended, such as installation of raincoats in certain areas of the HLP and mechanical water evaporation.

 

SLR understands that this report is ongoing, and the final conclusions, and associated action plan are still to be determined. A hydrologic assessment conducted by an external consultant in 2020 (Aquagea Consultores 2020) proposed the development and implementation of a water management plan for integrated management of surface runoff. Recommendations of the assessment included implementation of water management infrastructure (channels and culverts), measures to improve erosion control, and actions to improve monitoring of weather parameters and streamflow. Based on the review completed, Aura has established an ongoing

 

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action plan, and constructed to date 10,500 m of channels, 30 culverts, and a lining of 3,300 m of channels.

 

Surface water quality and groundwater quality monitoring is undertaken following operating procedure PO-MI-G&A-MA-001-ES developed by Minosa. According to this procedure, there are 18 surface water quality monitoring locations at sedimentation ponds, natural watercourses (Calzontillos Creek, Murciélagos Creek, San Andrés Creek, Casas Viejas Creek, and Lara River) and points established for monitoring of acid rock drainage. The procedure lists a total of 33 groundwater quality monitoring locations encompassing piezometers and French drains outlets from WRSFs. Groundwater monitoring is also conducted at wells of the leakage detection system of the HLPs. Monthly monitoring is conducted at all locations. Weekly monitoring is conducted at selected locations identified in the water quality monitoring procedure.

 

In addition, monitoring is conducted at eight surface water quality locations associated with the discharge of treated industrial wastewater. There is no specific frequency defined for these locations. It occurs occasionally, dictated by discharge events of excess water to the environment.

 

Water quality analysis results for 2023 and 2024 prepared by ALS Canada laboratory were included in the information provided by Aura for this review. However, SLR did not find evidence of records kept by Minosa comparing measured concentrations against applicable maximum permissible limits nor historical records to evaluate potential changes and trends. According to ICMA reports prepared by Aura, exceedances have been identified from time to time through the water quality monitoring program. SLR is not aware of any non-compliance expressed by the environmental authorities regarding water quality.

 

The SLR QP recommends developing electronic spreadsheets to tabulate, compile, process, and document water quality data results, and track compliance with the applicable regulations. The analysis will allow Minosa to make use of the existing water quality database to identify and manage any issues as they arise implementing timely corrective actions.

 

17.6Mine Closure Requirements

 

In Honduras, there is an Executive Agreement 011 of 2017, which approves the regulation related to mine closure. This Agreement establishes the need for proponents to complete a Closure Plan. The Agreement also establishes the need to submit the Exploitation Closure Plan for INHGEOMIN approval.

 

17.6.1Mine Closure Plan (MCP)

 

Aura has a 2024 Closure Plan (the MCP), compiled by Consultoría e Ingeniería Félix (CIFE), that was submitted to the regulator but has not yet been approved. Progressive closure is incorporated into the mine plan, with two years of active closure after mining and processing cessation and three years of post-closure monitoring planned. Closure objectives include (CIFE 2024):

 

·Long-term physical stability.

 

·Long-term chemical stability.

 

·Rehabilitation of areas affected by mining activities.

 

·Allowing an alternative use of areas or facilities.

 

·Determination of the conditions of the possible future use of these areas or facilities.

 

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The MCP does not provide a detailed description of closure activities and post-closure monitoring.

 

As previously mentioned, Aura has an operational procedure regarding closure planning which was last reviewed in May 2024. It includes requirements to conduct a risk assessment in the areas of progressive closure, temporary closure, final closure, post-closure, and control measures and to ensure that current mining operations and planned operations integrate closure in the short-, medium-, and long-term planning. The procedure requires that the Closure Plan be updated three years after initial approval and every five years thereafter.

 

17.6.2Closure Cost Estimate

 

CIFE compiled a closure cost estimate in 2024. The Executive Summary states that it includes direct and indirect costs for physical closure and the treatment, monitoring and maintenance of water, as established by the regulatory authorities and by the Mine Closure Regulations. The amount was calculated to be $31,371,695. The SLR QP makes no conclusions as to the adequacy of the closure cost estimate.

 

There are currently requirements under Honduras legislation for closure financial provisions (General Mining Law, Section 30, and Closure Planning Regulation, section 44-45). However, it is SLR's understanding that the closure financial provision has to be established once the closure plan is approved, which has not happened.

 

17.7Qualified Person’s Opinion

 

In the SLR QP’s opinion, the environmental and social risks at Minosa are manageable, and Aura has in place plans and systems to manage these risks.

 

The SLR QP notes that management systems for the environmental and social aspects of the Project are evolving and recommends that these systems be further formalized and implemented to incorporate a full “Plan-Do-Check-Act” cycle common to international management system standards.

 

The SLR QP notes that Aura understands that the environmental permit (issued for the 355 ha polygon) is considered to be the overall lifetime environmental licence for the site, which is aligned with the original mining concession for San Andres I area issued by INHGEOMIN. The 355 ha covers both the secondary environmental licence polygons and the Buffa Zone. Furthermore, Aura's legal counsel indicates that there is a positive administrative silence for environmental matters in Honduras. This means that even if the environmental authority does not approve/deny the request for the renewal of an environmental permit, the permit(s) have been granted.

 

The SLR QP recommends that the Company continue active community engagement to address any concerns that arise due to the close proximity of the Mine to the adjacent communities.

 

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18.0Capital and Operating Costs

 

This section provides an overview of the capital and operating cost estimates associated with the ongoing operations of the San Andrés Mine. Unlike a Preliminary Feasibility Study (PFS) or Feasibility Study (FS), this report reflects an established and active mining operation. As such, the cost estimates are based on actual operational data and recent budgetary forecasts rather than conceptual or pre-construction projections.

 

The estimates presented in this section include:

 

·Capital Costs (Section 18.1): The costs associated with sustaining capital, equipment replacements, and any planned expansions required to maintain or improve current operations.

 

·Operating Costs (Section 18.2): The costs incurred during regular mining and processing activities, including labor, equipment, power, and consumables.

 

The information provided is derived from the latest operating budgets, historical cost records, and current market conditions. These cost estimates adhere to the guidelines set forth by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Subpart 229.1300 of Regulation S-K (S-K 1300). The QP responsible for this section has assessed the accuracy of the estimates and considered relevant risks and contingencies.

 

Accuracy levels and contingency budgets are specified for each category in accordance with established industry standards and are consistent with actual cost performance in prior operating periods. This approach ensures that the estimates reflect realistic financial and operational expectations for the San Andrés Mine.

 

18.1Capital Costs

 

The capital cost estimates for the San Andrés Mine encompass expenditures necessary to sustain ongoing operations and development expenditures aimed at expanding operational capacity or improving efficiencies. However, for the purposes of the cash flow analysis presented in this report, only sustaining capital investments required to maintain production of the reported Mineral Reserves were considered. Development capital, which is part of Minosa’s efforts to unlock additional reserves and increase processing capacity, was excluded from the financial evaluation.

 

The following table summarizes the capital costs forecasted for the Life of Mine (LOM) period from 2025 to 2029, expressed in US dollars:

 

Table 18-1: Capital Costs 2025 to 2029

 

Year Sustaining Capital (US$) Development Capital (US$) Total Capital
(US$)
2025 2,719,060 8,689,001 11,408,061
2026 2,569,060 4,446,127 7,015,187
2027 1,409,060 1,900,740 3,309,800
2028 466,667 289,064 705,731
2029 100,000 - -
Total 7,263,847 15,324,932 22,588,779
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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Sustaining capital accounts for approximately 31.7% of the total capital costs, while development capital represents 68.3%.

 

Key Capital Projects are listed:

 

·Mine Development:

 

oOngoing mine development initiatives to ensure continued access to ore zones, with a total development capital allocation of $15,324,932 over the LOM.

 

·Process Plant Improvements:

 

oCompletion of Phase VI, Stage II expansion ($1,500,000 over 2025 and 2026).

 

oConstruction of new containment systems and infrastructure improvements, including sedimentation and acid wash systems ($800,000 in 2025).

 

oUpgrades to heat exchangers and ADR facilities ($666,667 over 2025–2028).

 

·Maintenance Investments:

 

oAlternate energy line installations and compressor repairs, totalling $1,000,000 over the LOM.

 

oEquipment replacement and refurbishment projects, including sustaining maintenance investments of $3,209,060.

 

·Community and Safety, Social, and Environmental Management (Seguridad, Social y Medio Ambiente; SSMA) Commitments:

 

oSignificant investments in community projects, totalling $5,174,932 over the LOM. This includes infrastructure and social initiatives such as the Nueva Azacualpa program and local school improvements.

 

oEnvironmental management projects, including laboratory upgrades and meteorological monitoring station, totalling $150,000 over the first three years.

 

The capital cost estimates have been classified according to the American Association of Cost Engineers (AACE) standards and represent Class 2 estimates with an expected accuracy of ±25%. These estimates are derived from a combination of historical cost data, current market conditions, and budget forecasts provided by Minosa.

 

Contingencies have been included in alignment with industry standards to account for unforeseen cost variations. Sustaining capital expenditures include contingencies of up to 15%, while development capital expenditures incorporate a maximum of 10%, reflecting the advanced nature of these projects within an active operation.

 

18.2Operating Costs

 

The operating costs for the San Andrés Mine are derived from historical operational data and budgetary forecasts prepared during 2024. These costs encompass mining, processing, and general and administrative (G&A) expenses, which are expressed in both unitary terms (cost per tonne) and total cost per annum. The following subsections detail the breakdown of these costs.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 18-2: Unit Operating Costs

 

Cost Component Unit Cost
(US$/t moved)
Unit Cost
(US$/t processed)
Mining (Open Pit) 2.44 3.67
Processing   6.27
G&A   1.88
Total   11.82

 

Table 18-3: Annual Operating Costs

 

Year Mining
(US$ 000)
Processing
(US$ 000)
G&A
(US$ 000)
Total Operating Cost (US$ 000)
2025  23,966 47,886 14,358 86,211
2026 22,120 45,647 13,687 81,453
2027 26,086 45,869 13,753 85,709
2028 31,511 42,475 12,736 86,722
2029 8,539 10,331 3,098 21,968
Total 112,223 192,208 57,632 362,063

 

Note: numbers may not add up due to rounding

 

Mining costs represent a significant portion of the overall operating expenses, with a unit cost of US$2.44 per tonne moved. Key activities include drilling, blasting, loading, and hauling, which are reflected an average cost breakdown:

 

·Drilling: $1.25 million.

 

·Blasting: $6.36 million.

 

·Loading and hauling: $20.41 million.

 

·Geology, technical services, and geotechnical support contribute an additional $2.0 million.

 

Processing operations are the largest cost component, averaging US$6.27 per tonne processed. The breakdown average processing costs includes:

 

·Crushing (primary and secondary): $2.69 million.

 

·Agglomeration and stacking: $8.7 million.

 

·Leaching and ADR operations: $20.18 million.

 

·Refining, metallurgical testing, and laboratory services: $6.52 million.

 

Maintenance costs account for approximately $10.02 million in average, covering:

 

·Regular equipment maintenance: $3.57 million.

 

·Process plant-specific maintenance: $6.13 million.

 

G&A costs include administrative salaries, logistics, community relations, and environmental and safety management. The average breakdown includes:

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

·Administration and IT: $4.68 million.

 

·Human resources and legal services: $3.22 million.

 

·Safety, health, and environmental management: $2.15 million.

 

·Corporate and community relations: $1.96 million.

 

The operating cost estimates are derived from historical 2023 and 2024 performance data, adjusted for inflation and operational scaling for 2025 and beyond.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

19.0Economic Analysis

 

This section presents the economic analysis for the San Andrés Mine, focusing on key assumptions, parameters, and results derived from the Mine’s financial model. The analysis evaluates the Mine’s economic viability using a discounted cash flow (DCF) approach, incorporating the production schedule, operating costs, and revenue assumptions outlined in prior sections.

 

The results of the analysis demonstrate the profitability of the project providing key economic metrics, including Net Present Value (NPV), and cumulative cash flows. Additionally, sensitivity analyses are included to evaluate the potential impact of variations in commodity prices, operating costs, and capital expenditures.

 

The following key assumptions underpin the economic analysis:

 

·Gold Price: The economic analysis incorporates annual consensus gold price forecasts (CIBC Analysts Consensus Commodity Price) for each year of the operational period (2025–2029):

 

·2025: US$2,668 per ounce

 

·2026: US$2,621 per ounce

 

·2027: US$2,490 per ounce

 

·2028: US$2,363 per ounce

 

·2029: US$2,212 per ounce

 

The weighted average gold price during this period is approximately US$2,531 per ounce. Beyond 2029, a consensus long-term price of US$2,212 per ounce is assumed for strategic planning. Mineral reserves were estimated using a conservative gold price of US$2,000 per ounce, and economic viability at this conservative scenario has been validated.

 

·Payable Metal: 99% of the gold produced is assumed payable.

 

·Sales tax: A 5% Net Smelter Return (NSR) tax was applied to revenues.

 

·Discount Rate: Economic metrics are calculated using discount rates of 4%, 5%, and 7.5%.

 

·Taxation: A tax rate of 25% applied to after-tax cash flow calculations.

 

·Life of Mine (LOM): The economic analysis covers a period of approximately 4.2 years from 2025 to 2029, reflecting the current Mineral Reserve estimates and operational schedule.

 

The analysis incorporates the following outputs:

 

·Pre-Tax Metrics: The cumulative pre-tax cash flow over the LOM is estimated at US$303,265 million.

 

·After-Tax Metrics: The cumulative after-tax cash flow is US$225,990 million.

 

·Net Present Value (NPV):

 

oNPV at 5% discount rate: US$203.5 million (after-tax).

 

oNPV at 8% discount rate: US$191.7 million (after-tax).

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

oNPV at 12% discount rate: US$126.5 million (after-tax).

 

The following subsections provide a detailed breakdown of the economic criteria, cash flow projections, and sensitivity analysis.

 

19.1Economic Criteria

 

19.1.1Revenue

 

The revenue projections for the San Andrés Mine are based on the forecasted production schedule and consensus market conditions. Key assumptions include:

 

oGold Price: Annual consensus gold prices are forecasted for each year from 2025 to 2029, averaging US2,531 per ounce over the Life of Mine.

 

oProduction Schedule:

 

·Total gold forecasted to be recovered over the LOM: 291,847 ounces.

 

·Annual gold production ranges from approximately 79,716 ounces in Year 3 (2027) to 55.288 ounces in Year 4 (2028). In Year 5 (2029), production totals 11,863 ounces, based on 82 days of operations during that year.

 

oPayable Metal: Assumed at 99% of the gold produced, adjusting gross revenue for transport and refining charges.

 

oTotal gross revenue over the LOM is estimated at US$731.39 million.

 

oNet Smelter Return (NSR):

 

·Refining and transport charges total approximately US$1.96 million.

 

·Resulting NSR is US$729.43 million.

 

·A 5% NSR royalty (sales tax) totaling US$36.47 million is applied, leading to total net revenue of US$692.96 million.

 

oThe unit NSR averages approximately US$22.61 per tonne milled, varying annually based on production grades and recovery rates.

 

19.1.2Costs

 

The cost structure for the San Andrés Mine includes capital, operating, and sustaining expenditures, categorized into mining, processing, and general and administrative (G&A) activities. These costs are based on historical data and adjusted according to projected production schedules and market conditions.

 

·Mining Costs:

 

oUnit Cost: US$2.44 per tonne moved, which includes drilling, blasting, loading, hauling activities, geotechnical support, and technical services.

 

oTotal Mining Costs: Estimated at US$112.22 million over the LOM, with annual costs peaking in Year 4 due to increased stripping activities and waste removal.

 

·Processing Costs:

 

oUnit Cost: US$6.27 per tonne milled, which includes crushing, agglomeration, leaching, and ADR operations, as well metallurgical testing, and laboratory services.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

oTotal Costs: Processing costs total US$192.21 million over the LOM, with consistent annual expenditures reflecting stable throughput rates.

 

·General and Administrative Costs (G&A):

 

oUnit Cost: US$1.88 per tonne milled, covering administrative salaries and operational logistics, community relations, safety, and environmental management.

 

oTotal Costs: G&A expenses are forecasted at US$57.63 million, showing proportional scaling with production.

 

·Sales, Transport, and Refining Charges:

 

oTotal charges for refining, and transportation over the LOM are estimated at approximately US$1.96 million.

 

·Sales Tax (NSR Royalty):

 

oA sales tax (NSR royalty) of 5% is applied to gross revenue, totaling approximately US$36.47 million over the LOM.

 

·All-In Sustaining Cost (AISC):

 

oThe AISC, including sustaining capital, averages US$1,379 per ounce of gold over the LOM, reflecting comprehensive operational costs and investments required for production continuity and regulatory compliance.

 

o

 

·Key Highlights:

 

oThe cost structure aligns with historical performance.

 

oMining costs demonstrate variability linked to stripping ratio and waste removal.

 

oProcessing costs remain steady, supported by established operational infrastructure and economies of scale.

 

oSustaining capital investments contribute to maintaining cost efficiencies and production continuity.

 

19.1.3Taxation and Royalties

 

The economic analysis incorporates the taxation and royalty obligations applicable to the San Andrés Mine, which significantly influence the Mine's financial metrics. Key considerations include:

 

·Sales Tax:

 

oA 5% NSR tax is applied to gold revenues, resulting in an estimated total royalty payment of US$36.5 million over the LOM.

 

oThe tax is deducted directly from the Net Smelter Return to calculate the net revenue.

 

·Income Taxes:

 

oThe Mine applies a statutory income tax rate of 25% to taxable income, as mandated by the regulatory framework in the jurisdiction.

 

oTaxes are calculated based on the net pre-tax cash flow, adjusted for allowable deductions and depreciation.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

·Other Taxes and Levies:

 

oNo additional mineral-specific taxes or levies beyond the standard corporate tax and NSR royalty have been identified in Honduras.

 

·Implications for Cash Flow:

 

oThe total tax burden, including royalties and income taxes, reduces the cumulative pre-tax cash flow of US$288.1 million to an after-tax cash flow of US$219.5 million.

 

19.2Cash Flow Analysis

 

The cash flow analysis for the San Andrés Mine evaluates the Mine’s financial performance on a stand-alone basis, incorporating forecasted revenues, operating costs, capital expenditures, taxation, and royalties. This analysis provides key indicators of economic viability, including pre-tax and after-tax cash flow, and Net Present Value (NPV).

 

·The cumulative pre-tax cash flow over the LOM is estimated at US$288.1 million.

 

·After accounting for a 25% statutory tax rate, the cumulative after-tax cash flow is projected to be US$219.5 million.

 

·Key financial metrics:

 

oAfter-Tax Net Present Value (NPV):

 

·At a 5% discount rate: US$203.5 million.

 

·At an 8% discount rate: US$191.7 million.

 

·At a 12% discount rate: US$126.5 million.

 

oInternal Rate of Return (IRR): Not applicable due to the absence of upfront capital investment.

 

oAs this Mine is already in operation, the concept of a payback period typically applied to new projects is not applicable. Instead, the financial evaluation focuses on ensuring sustained profitability and maximizing returns under current and forecasted market conditions.

 

oThe World Gold Council Adjusted Operating Cost (AOC) is US$1,247/oz Au. The mine life sustaining capital cost is US$132/oz Au , for an AISC of US$1,379/oz Au .  Mine average annual gold production during the LOM is approximately 68,228 oz per year between 2025 and 2029.

 

Although Minosa has historically recovered silver as a byproduct of gold production, as shown in Table 5-1 in Section 5.2 (Past Production), silver revenue is not considered in the pit optimization or the economic analysis presented in this report. The contribution of silver to total revenue is minimal, and it does not impact the estimation of Mineral Resources, Mineral Reserves, or cash flow projections.

 

Table 19-1 summarizes the annual cash flow projections.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 19-1: After-Tax Cash Flow Summary

 

 

Note:  Gross revenue considers only gold revenues; silver revenues are excluded.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

19.3Sensitivity Analysis

 

Project risks can be identified in both economic and non-economic terms. Key economic risks were examined by running cash flow sensitivities:

 

·Gold price

 

·Head grade

 

·Recovery

 

·Operating costs

 

·Sustaining capital costs

 

Pre-tax NPV sensitivity over the base case has been calculated for variations as presented in Table 19-2 and illustrated in Figure 19-1.

 

The sensitivity analysis highlights that the gold price, recovery and head grade are the most influential factors affecting project economics, as even moderate changes significantly impact the NPV.

 

Variations in operating costs show a less influence but still strong correlation with project value, reinforcing the importance of maintaining cost efficiency and optimizing metallurgical performance. Sustaining Capital costs, while important, have a relatively lower impact on NPV compared to other variables.

 

This analysis highlights the importance of maintaining operational efficiency, ensuring metallurgical recoveries remain within expected ranges, and monitoring market conditions for potential gold price fluctuations.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Table 19-2: Pre-Tax Sensitivity Analyses

 

Variance Head Grade
(g/t Au)
NPV at 5%
(US$000)
75% 0.33 $113,154
88% 0.38 $185,059
100% 0.44 $256,964
113% 0.49 $328,869
115% 0.50 $343,249
Variance Recovery
(% Au)
NPV at 5%
(US$000)
90% 61% $199,440
95% 65% $228,202
100% 68% $256,964
105% 71% $285,726
110% 75% $314,488
Variance Metal Prices
(US$/oz Au)
NPV at 5%
(US$000)
90% $2,025 $141,609
95% $2,278 $199,286
100% $2,531 $256,964
108% $2,785 $314,641
115% $3,038 $372,318
Variance Operating Costs
(US$/t)
NPV at 5%
(US$000)
85% $325,856 $286,603
93% $343,960 $271,783
100% $362,063 $256,964
118% $389,217 $234,734
125% $416,372 $212,505
Variance Sustaining Costs
(US$000)
NPV at 5%
(US$000)
90% $24,218 $259,715
95% $25,909 $258,355
100% $27,635 $256,964
108% $30,294 $254,819
115% $33,034 $252,603
 19-7

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Figure 19-1: Pre-Tax Sensitivity Analysis

 

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

20.0Adjacent Properties

 

The La Fuente concession is located adjacent to the San Andrés concessions, to the south and east of the San Andrés Mine. The concession is held by Minera Energética Centro Americana (MECA) and has been under its control since 1995. Minosa entered into an exploration agreement with MECA in 2002, granting exclusive exploration rights over the area.

 

Regulatory challenges have affected the status of the La Fuente concession. Under Honduran mining law, concessions are required to meet a minimum production level of US$500/ha after eight years of ownership. MECA attempted to comply with this requirement by seeking to subdivide the concession into three smaller areas; however, due to a freeze on new concession applications, the subdivision remains unresolved. As a result, exploration activities in the La Fuente concession have been halted. Should the subdivision be granted, Minosa would need to renegotiate agreements with MECA to continue exploration.

 

Additionally, Minosa holds exploration concessions for San Andrés III, San Andrés IV, and San Andrés X, which are contiguous to the San Andrés Mine. San Andrés III and IV were granted as exploration concessions in 2021 for a term of 10 years, while exploration activities in San Andrés X were discontinued following an internal re-evaluation.

 

Figure 20-1 illustrates the location of the mineral concessions, including the adjacent La Fuente concession.

 

The SLR QP has not independently verified this information, and its inclusion in this report is not necessarily indicative of the mineralization potential at the La Fuente property.

 

 20-1

Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

Figure 20-1: Adjacent Properties

 

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

21.0Other Relevant Data and Information

 

No additional information or explanation is necessary to make this TRS understandable and not misleading.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

22.0Interpretation and Conclusions

 

The SLR QPs offer the following conclusions by area.

 

22.1Geology and Mineral Resources

 

·The SLR QP has reviewed data collection, sampling, sampling preparation, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), data verification, modeling, grade estimation methods, and classification definitions for the San Andrés Mine and has found no material issues.

 

·During the 2024 site visit, the SLR QP inspected the core storage facilities and confirmed they were well-maintained, appropriately managed, and in good condition.

 

·The geological models and gold resource estimations were completed using Leapfrog Edge.

 

·The Minosa Geological team updated the Mineral Resource estimate following standard industry practices. The updated estimate includes new 2023 and 2024 drilling with assays (309 drill holes with 23,721 m). The drill hole database contains 2,494 drill holes totalling 245,035 m.

 

·The Mineral Resource estimation was developed in seven areas, or domains, using ordinary kriging (OK). The SLR QP validated the block grade estimates with visual inspection of cross sections and plan views, general statistics, swath plots, and reconciliation with production data to verify that the estimation results are unbiased and found no material issues.

 

·Resource classification of San Andrés was defined based on drill hole spacing (DHS) criteria and proximity with recent production areas. Classification criteria are supported by variography. The SLR QP considers the classification criteria appropriate.

 

·The definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Resources.

 

·Exclusive of Mineral Reserves, the San Andrés Mineral Resources are estimated to be 1.46 million tonnes (Mt) of Measured Mineral Resources at 0.34 Au g/t containing 16 thousand ounces (koz), 24.22 Mt of Indicated Mineral Resources at 0.40 Au g/t containing 310 koz, and 8.55 Mt of Inferred Mineral Resources at 0.45 g/t Au containing 123 koz, using a long term US$2,200 gold price reported at a cut-off grade of 0.187 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.291 g/t Au for mixed material. The effective date of the Mineral Resource estimate is December 31, 2024.

 

·The Mineral Resource estimate does not include any sulphide material.

 

·A comparison of production blast hole (BH) data and reverse circulation (RC) data suggests a potential 15% positive bias in gold grades. However, the review confirms the reliability of blast hole samples.

 

22.2Mining and Mineral Reserves

 

·The San Andrés Mine employs conventional open-pit mining methods executed by a mining contractor, with a strategic focus on selective ore extraction and waste management.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

·The remaining mine life is 4.2 years, based on the current Mineral Reserves. This mine-life estimate reflects constraints imposed by deposit geometry, mining rates, and the transition to uneconomic low-grade sulphide mineralization at depth.

 

·As of December 31, 2024, the estimated Mineral Reserves total 30.66 Mt at an average grade of 0.44 g/t Au, containing 429,187 ounces (oz) of gold.

 

·Mineral Reserves were estimated using the Pseudoflow optimization methodology, incorporating detailed block models.

 

·The definitions for Mineral Reserves in S-K 1300 were followed for Mineral Reserves.

 

·A gold price of US$2,000/oz was used in estimating Mineral Reserves. The calculated cut-off grades were 0.214 g/t Au for oxide material and 0.334 g/t Au for mixed material. Appropriate modifying factors were applied, including 5% dilution based on historical reconciliation data and 95% mining recovery based on operational efficiency and geotechnical considerations.

 

·Historical data shows consistent performance in grade control and recovery, supported by reconciliation practices.

 

·The Mineral Reserves are constrained by pit geometry, taking into account geotechnical parameters, property boundaries, and the proximity of the river. At depth, Mineral Reserves are limited by the transition to sulphide mineralization, which is uneconomic under current processing methods due to 0% recovery.

 

·The SLR QP is of the opinion that the Mineral Reserves have been estimated in accordance with S-K 1300 and adhere to industry standards.

 

22.3Mineral Processing

 

·The mined material in the ore deposit is subjected to metallurgical testing to determine what material is suitable for heap leach gold extraction, including ore characterization tests, mineralogy, fire and chemical assaying, bottle roll leach testing and column leach testing. The leach tests determine the optimum operating parameters to be used for metal extraction and recovery.

 

·Column leach testing was performed on samples taken from the pit during operation. Dispatch software was used to track the location from which the sample was taken during mining. The data could then be used to build a geometallurgical model.

 

·Two tests were performed for each sample, one at 80% passing (P80) 2” and the other at the specified P80 to determine the effect of particle size on extraction. The results indicate that gold extraction is affected by degree of oxidation, degree of silicification and particle size. The material requires crushing. Heap leaching is applicable for the oxide and some of the mixed oxide/sulphide material. The silicified and unoxidized sulphide materials will require alternate extraction methods including fine grinding and sulphide oxidation.

 

·The tested samples represent various levels of oxidation and silicification. The samples with high recoveries are oxidized, and the samples with low recoveries are unoxidized, (fresh), silicified, or both. Examples include:

 

oSample MT-24-0010 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as a quartz matrix with sulphide minerals. The material was crushed to P80 1.67 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery was 14.6%.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

oSample MT-24-0011 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as mixed ore with oxidation in the veins and containing both oxidized and unoxidized sulphide minerals, primarily pyrite. The material was crushed to P80 1.67 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery was 86.9%.

 

oSample MT-24-0012 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as silicified material with sulphides. The material is crushed to P80 1.76 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery is 49.6%.

 

oSample MT-24-0013 is a sample of Esperanza Bajo described as fragmented quartz with strong silicification plus sulphide minerals. The material was crushed to P80 1.8 in., and the resulting heap leach gold recovery was 24.1%.

 

·The San Andrés Mine employs heap leaching for the recovery of gold from mined material. The processing facilities include two stages of crushing and screening, drum agglomeration, heap leach pads (HLPs), an adsorption, desorption, and refining (ADR) plant for recovering the gold from solution, and gold-silver doré casting.

 

·The Mine produces approximately seven million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) of run-of-mine (ROM) material using conventional drilling, blasting, loading and haul truck transportation. The material is mined and transported by haul truck to either the waste rock storage facilities (WRSFs) or to the primary crushers for processing. The LOM production plan includes 7.7 Mt of material placed during 2025, 7.3 Mt in each of 2026, 2027 and 2028, and 1.8 Mt in 2029, for a total of 31.5 Mt.

 

·The mineralized material is directly dumped into the feed hoppers of two primary crushers operating in parallel. The primary crushed ore is conveyed to an intermediate stockpile. The ore is drawn from the stockpile with feeders and conveyed to secondary crushing. Lime and cement are added to the secondary crusher product on the conveyor feeding two drum agglomerators operating in parallel.

 

·Sodium cyanide solution is added to the agglomerated material on conveyor 8 following agglomeration. The agglomerated material is conveyed to the HLP where it is placed using conveyor stackers. The placed material is leached with cyanide solution for a period of 60 days. The cyanide leach solution is maintained at 400 ppm sodium cyanide (NaCN). Leach solution flows by gravity through the heaps and discharges into the Pregnant Leaching Solution (PLS) pond. PLS solution is pumped from the PLS pond to the ADR plant for gold and silver recovery.

 

·PLS flows through the Carbon-in-Column (CIC) adsorption system, which comprises activated carbon columns operating in series, organized in trains, and designed for the selective adsorption of gold and silver from the gold-bearing leach solution.

 

·The carbon columns are designed to process 10,000 m3/day in each train and the plant has a capacity to work with up to 6 trains, which can be exchanged between PLS and intermediate leach solution (ILS) trains, depending on the need of the operation.

 

·The loaded carbon is eluted with a solution of caustic soda and ethanol under controlled temperature and pressure. Gold is recovered from the rich gold eluate by electrowinning resulting in the deposition of metals, including gold, in stainless steel cathodes. The resulting gold mud is dried in a mercury retort and then melted into gold-silver doré for sale.

 

·Eluted carbon is reactivated by an acid wash with hydrochloric acid and then taken to a high temperature rotary kiln prior to recycling the carbon to the carbon columns for continued adsorption of gold.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

22.4Infrastructure

 

·The San Andrés Mine has been in operation since 1983 and has developed the necessary infrastructure to support current and planned mining activities. Key components include power supply, water management systems, waste handling facilities, operational support buildings, and access roads.

 

·The Mine is connected to the Honduran national power grid, which supplies most of the site's energy needs. A diesel-powered backup generator system is maintained to ensure operational continuity during grid outages. The Platanares Geothermal Power Plant, located in La Unión, Copán, presents potential opportunities for future renewable energy integration.

 

·Process water is sourced from rainwater runoff collected in a surge pond and direct pumping from the Río Lara, which provides a reliable flow even during the driest months.

 

·Potable water is available at the site via a 72,000-gallon storage tank that is fed by a 17 km pipeline from the Río Lara. Additional purified water is sourced locally.

 

·WRSFs are designed with runoff control and erosion prevention measures.

 

·The HLP system has been expanded over time to accommodate increased processing demands. The most recent stability assessment by an independent third party was conducted in 2021. Additionally, an ongoing geotechnical study is being carried out by SRK Consulting (U.S.), Inc. (SRK) to evaluate long-term stability and potential future expansion.

 

·Monthly monitoring of parameters related to HLP is being done, and data reported in the September 2024 report indicate that the HLP structure is performing within design parameters (Minosa 2024a). Minosa has updated the HLP capacity estimate and determined that the currently available storage is lower than the total required for the Life of Mine (LOM). To address this, Minosa is advancing multiple expansion projects in collaboration with Kappes, Cassiday & Associates (KCA) for design and SRK for geotechnical evaluation. While the ongoing expansions are expected to provide sufficient capacity for the LOM plan, SLR has not reviewed the details of these projects and therefore does not provide an opinion on the final HLP capacity.

 

·Support facilities include warehouses, maintenance workshops, an assay laboratory, and administrative offices.

 

·On-site housing for essential personnel and contractors is available.

 

·The site is accessible via a combination of paved highways and gravel roads, ensuring year-round access for materials, equipment, and personnel.

 

·The Mine includes a helipad, primarily used for gold doré transport and available for personnel transfers or emergency medical evacuations when required.

 

·The Mine maintains radio, telephone, internet, and satellite television services, ensuring effective coordination across operational areas.

 

·The Mine’s infrastructure has been progressively maintained and adapted to meet operational requirements while ensuring compliance with environmental and regulatory standards.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

22.5Environment

 

·Minosa has signed collaboration agreements with the communities within the direct area of interest (AOI). These collaboration agreements seek to provide financial support to direct AOI communities through social investments in areas related to education, health, housing, and employment.

 

·Minosa has started completing social transitioning/economic diversification, including the implementation of the Seeds of Hope Project and the partnership approach used by the San Andrés Foundation to fund initiatives as a mechanism to ensure the sustainability of these initiatives beyond the Mine's life.

 

·The Mine obtained the San Andres I mining concession, covering 355 hectares, in 1983 issued by Instituto Hondureño de Geologia y Minas (INHGEOMIN). Minosa understands that a lifetime environmental permit has been granted for the site covering the same area as the mining concession (355 ha), and that permit can be used to develop the Buffa Zone. SLR understands that Minosa requested that the environmental authority confirm this approach. The outcome/response from the environmental authority is unknown. In the meantime, Aura obtained in January 2025 authorization to cut the trees in the Buffa Zone through Resolution DE-PS-002-2025 issued by Instituto Nacional de Conservacion Forestal (ICF), which supports Aura’s understanding related to the area covered by the initial environmental permit.

 

·Minosa submits periodic Environmental Control Measures Compliance Reports (Informe de Cumplimiento de Medidas Ambientales, or ICMA) to the environmental authority. The environmental authority rarely provides any comments/questions to Aura.

 

·Aura completed a Mine Closure Plan (MCP) and submitted it to the regulator for review and approval. The MCP has not yet been approved.

 

22.6Capital and Operating Costs

 

·Capital Costs:

 

oCapital expenditure for the San Andrés Mine primarily focuses on sustaining capital investments, including HLP expansions, equipment maintenance, and tailings management.

 

oPlanned expenditures for 2025 through 2028 include upgrades to processing facilities and ongoing infrastructure improvements to support operational efficiency.

 

oNo major greenfield or expansionary capital expenditures are expected, aligning with the remaining LOM.

 

·Operating Costs:

 

oThe Mine operates at an average total operating cost US$11.81/t processed.

 

oKey components of operating costs include:

 

·Mining: Diesel fuel, haulage, and explosives costs dominate mining expenses, with optimized fleet operations to reduce unit costs. The average LOM mining cost is US$2.44/t moved.

 

·Processing: Costs related to heap leach operations include reagents (e.g., cyanide, lime), power consumption, and water management. The average LOM processing costs is US$6.27/t processed.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

·General and Administrative (G&A): Expenses include labor, security, and community engagement programs. The average LOM G&A cost is US$1.88/t processed.

 

·Cost Control Initiatives:

 

oThe transition to national grid power in year 2015 has reduced energy costs by approximately 31%, providing significant savings in operational expenses.

 

oOptimization of consumables (e.g., explosives and reagents) through long-term supplier contracts ensures cost stability.

 

oContinuous monitoring of mine-to-mill performance helps identify inefficiencies and implement corrective measures.

 

·Total site costs average US$1,247/oz gold produced, covering mining, processing, general and administrative (G&A) expenses, and sales costs.

 

oSustaining capital expenditures add US$132 per ounce, which is consistent with industry benchmarks for mature operations.

 

·The All-In Sustaining Cost (AISC) is estimated at US$1,380 per ounce produced.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

23.0Recommendations

 

The SLR QPs offer the following recommendations by area:

 

23.1Geology and Mineral Resources

 

1Complete further exploration testing of oxide and mixed (i.e., mixed oxide/sulphide material) mineralization to further optimize the boundary with the sulphides and test the extension of mineralization at depth.

 

2Continue the geological characterization for the different material types (i.e., oxide, mixed, and sulphide) and incorporate those characterizations in the geological interpretation.

 

3Maintain cyanide-soluble gold assays for blast hole sampling and plant metallurgical control, incorporating results into the resource model.

 

4Investigate process options for sulphide material to assess its potential inclusion in Mineral Resources.

 

5Advance drilling in the Buffa Zone to delimit the lateral and vertical extension.

 

6Continue the RC infill drilling to better evaluate gold grade representativity.

 

7Conduct detailed sampling and reconciliation studies to assess the potential 15% positive bias in BH data relative to RC data.

 

8Prioritize exploration in the San Andrés III and IV concessions, leveraging newly granted exploration rights to identify economically viable material.

 

23.2Mining and Mineral Reserves

 

1Conduct periodic updates to the Pseudoflow optimization models to account for changing economic parameters, including gold price fluctuations and operating costs.

 

2Refine cut-off grade calculations to ensure Mineral Reserve estimates remain aligned with the most current cost and recovery data.

 

3Implement advanced grade control measures, such as additional real-time sampling or enhanced ore-waste boundary delineation, to minimize dilution beyond the current 5%.

 

4Maintain or improve mining recovery rates by continuing to focus on operational efficiencies, such as precise excavation techniques and equipment optimization.

 

5Conduct ongoing geotechnical monitoring to evaluate pit wall stability, particularly as mining progresses into deeper areas with steeper slopes.

 

6Conduct additional geotechnical studies to evaluate opportunities to steepen pit slope angles to potentially include additional Mineral Reserves.

 

7Evaluate the potential for near-pit exploration drilling to convert Resources into Reserves and extend the mine life.

 

8Continue enhancing reconciliation processes to validate Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates against actual production data.

 

9Develop predictive models to identify deviations between planned and actual performance, ensuring future Mineral Reserve estimates are accurate and reliable.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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10Integrate environmental and community considerations into Mineral Reserve planning to align with Aura’s broader sustainability goals.

 

23.3Mineral Processing

 

1Continue column leach testing of ore samples during mining to build the geometallurgy database. The samples should be selected to represent the various zones and lithologies, degrees of oxidation, and degrees of silicification within the zones, as gold recovery is highly dependent on material characteristics.

 

23.4Infrastructure

 

The infrastructure at the Mine is adequate for current and planned mining activities, however, the following recommendations are made regarding the HLP:

 

1Review and validate the expansion of the HLP capacity in comparison to the options considered in the SRK 2021 analyses. A third-party validation of the remaining HLP capacity is recommended, considering the ongoing technical review by Kappes, Cassiday & Associates (KCA) and geotechnical assessment by SRK. Depending on the outcomes of these studies, assess whether additional permitting requirements may be necessary for further expansion. Based on Aura’s internal review, no permitting constraints are anticipated at this time.

 

2Update the 2021 HLP stability analysis to correspond to current and planned configurations, incorporating calibration based on monitoring data. The ongoing geotechnical assessment by SRK should be integrated into this update to ensure alignment with current operational and design parameters.

 

23.5Environment

 

1Review and update Minosa’s existing environmental operational procedures.

 

2Continue engaging with the environmental authority in regard to the discharge authorization for effluent discharge identified as Tuberia Descarga Poza 6 (TDP6). In addition, it is recommended that Minosa confirm the need for other discharge authorizations (to initiate the permitting process as required).

 

3Continue engaging with Secretariat of Energy, Natural Resources, Environment and Mines (MIAmbiente) and other environmental agencies to obtain clarification related to the Buffa Zone, to renew the applicable permits/licences, and to obtain approval of the Closure Plan.

 

4Review and standardize the ICMAs, highlighting the activities completed during the reported period. This will allow consistency for both Aura and the regulators and will prevent unnecessary risks to the operation.

 

5Tabulate and process water quality information to understand water quality trends and compliance with applicable regulations. The analysis will allow Minosa to use the existing water quality database and identify and manage any issues as they arise.

 

6As the Mine approaches its mine closure stage, continue developing and implementing the closure social transitioning activities, including communication and economic diversification. Communities in the AOI are currently highly dependent on the Mine's social investment, employment, and local contracting opportunities. The social transitioning activities require several years to plan, implement, and materialize.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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7Consider expanding Minosa’s engagement activities to include communities directly and through the Patronatos, Minosa’s elected representatives. More frequent exposure to communities could help avoid miscommunication and understand first-hand community issues and concerns.

 

8Review the Mine Closure Plan to ensure that a comprehensive review and supporting information (i.e. geochemistry and hydrogeology) are carried out by a third party with relevant experience in mine closure. This will allow Aura to determine the best cost-effective alternatives for closure.

 

23.6Capital and Operating Costs

 

1.Align sustaining capital investments with operational priorities, focusing on HLP expansion, equipment replacements, and essential infrastructure maintenance to support efficient mine closure and maximize remaining asset value.

 

2.Optimize operating costs through efficiency improvements in energy consumption, procurement, and contractor services, leveraging reduced power costs from the national grid and renegotiating key supply contracts.

 

3.Enhance cost tracking and financial planning by implementing real-time expenditure monitoring, conducting periodic cost benchmarking against peer operations, and updating sensitivity analyses for gold price scenarios to ensure economic resilience.

 

4.Ensure capital and operating expenditures remain proportional to the mine’s remaining life, avoiding overcapitalization while maintaining operational reliability and long-term value.

 

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Aura Minerals Inc. | San Andrés Mine

S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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24.0References

 

Aguaquea Consultores, 2020. Integral Management of Surface and Sub-surface Runoff in San Andres Mine, Copan, Honduras. November 27, 2020.

 

Aguilar Castillo Love. 2024. Dictamen Legal. Legal Opinion related to Environmental licensing. January 19, 2024

 

Aura (Aura Minerals Inc.), 2012. NI 43-101 Technical Report on the San Andrés Mine, Copán, Honduras. Effective Date: December 31, 2011. Dated March 28, 2012.

 

Aura. 2014. NI-43-101 Technical Report, Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates on the San Andrés Mine in the Municipality of La Unión, in the Department of Copán, Honduras. Effective Date December 31, 2013. Dated July 2, 2014

 

Aura. 2022. Planificacion Estratégica de la Fundacion San Andrés

 

Aura. 2023a. Sustainability Report 2023. Available at https://www.auraminerals.com/relatorio-sustentabilidade-2023/. Accessed January 16, 2025.

 

Aura. 2023b. Mitigation Measures Report 2023, San Andrés, La Union Copan 2023.

 

Aura. 2023c. Executive Report Environmental Management Program 2023.

 

Aura. 2024a. Management’s Discussion and Analysis. PowerPoint Presentation, Q1 2024

 

Aura. 2024b. Social Management. PowerPoint Presentation. 2024

 

Aura. 2024c. Annual Information Form (Revised), For the year ended December 31, 2023. Dated as of April 1, 2024. Refiled on SEDAR May 2, 2024.

 

Aura. 2025. NI 43-101 Technical Report, San Andrés Mine, Department of Copán, Honduras; prepared by SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd., Effective date: December 31, 2024, Release date: March 28, 2025 .

 

CAM (Chlumsky, Armbrust and Meyer, LLC). 2005. Technical Report, San Andrés Project, Honduras. NI43-101 Technical Report prepared by Armbrust, G.A., Sandefur, R.L. and Meyer, K.L. for RNC Gold, Inc., dated October 21, 2005.

 

CIFE (Consultoria e Ingeniera Felix). 2024. Closure Plan - San Andrés Mine Project. September 2024.

 

CIM. 2014. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council on May 10, 2014.

 

CIM. 2019. CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources & Mineral Reserves Best Practice Guidelines, adopted by the CIM Council on November 29, 2019.

 

Corbett, G. 2002. Epithermal Gold for Explorationists, AIG Journal, Paper 2002-01. April 2002.

 

Gordon, M.B. 1997, Strike-slip faulting and basin formation at the Guayape fault – Valle de Catacamas intersection, Honduras, Central America. Honduras Geology, November 1997.

 

Malouf, S.E. 1985: Summary Report on Compañía Minosa de Copán SA de CV, Honduras, S.E. Malouf Consulting Geologists Ltd., In-House Private Report.

 

Minosa. 2023. San Andrés Water Management Plan, 2023. Internal report on hydrogeological and dewatering strategies.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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Minosa. 2024a. Monthly Report. Geomechanical Monitoring. September 2024. October 7, 2024.

 

Minosa. 2024b. Excel Spreadsheet ‘Plan_apilamiento_Pad_LOM.xlsx

 

Minosa. 2025. Legal Opinion on Land Tenure, Mining Concessions, and Regulatory Compliance for the San Andrés Mine. Issued by Legal Counsel of Minerales de Occidente S.A. de C.V. (Minosa) to Aura Technical Services Inc., dated February 24, 2025, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 11 pp.

 

NFC. 2020. Proyecto Mina de San Andrés. Informe Plan de Cierre, October 2020.

 

Pflaker, G. 1976, Tectonic aspects of the Guatemalan earthquakes of 4 February 1976: Science, v. 193, pp. 1201-1208.

 

Rojas-Agramonte, Y., Neubauer, F., Handler, R., Garcia-Delgrado, D.E., Friedl, G. and Delgado-Damas, R. 2003. Neogene-Quaternary tectonics along the North Caribbean transform faults, Cuba. EGS – EUG joint Assemble, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, April 2003.

 

GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Geol. J. 44: 167–190, 2009, Deformation history of the eclogite- and jadeitite-bearing me´lange from North Motagua Fault Zone, Guatemala: insights in the processes of a fossil subduction channel,

 

Scott Wilson RPA. 2007. Technical Report on the San Andrés Gold Project, Honduras – Prepared for Yamana Gold Inc. by Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates. January 2007.

 

SRK (SRK Consulting (U.S), Inc.). 1998. Greenstone Minera de Honduras S.A. Environmental Impact Assessment. Volume I and II. April 1998.

 

SRK (SRK Consulting (U.S), Inc.). 2021. San Andrés Open Pit and Heap Leach Pad Slope Stability Assessment. 136400.050, June 17, 2021.

 

SRK (SRK Consulting Colombia S.A.S). 2024. Ponds Design’s Review – HLP San Andres. Project G2401 and G2402. Draft Technical Memorandum. Rev. A. November 19, 2024.

 

Ten Brink, U.S., Coleman, D.F. and Dillon, W.P. 2002, the nature of the crust under the Cayman Trough from gravity. Marine and Petroleum Geology 19, pp 971-987.

 

US Securities and Exchange Commission. 2018. Regulation S-K, Subpart 229.1300, Item 1300 Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations and Item 601 (b)(96) Technical Report Summary.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

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SLR Project No.: 233.065242.00001

25.0Reliance on Information Provided by the Registrant

 

This TRS has been prepared by SLR for Aura. The information, conclusions, opinions, and estimates contained herein are based on:

 

·Information available to SLR at the time of preparation of this TRS.

 

·Assumptions, conditions, and qualifications as set forth in this TRS.

 

As part of the preparation of this Technical Report Summary (TRS) for the San Andrés Mine, SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. (SLR) has relied on information provided by Aura Minerals Inc. (Aura) and its subsidiary, Minerales de Occidente S.A. de C.V. (Minosa), concerning legal matters, including land tenure, mineral rights, surface rights, environmental permitting, and regulatory compliance in Honduras.

 

SLR has reviewed and relied upon a legal opinion dated February 24, 2025, prepared by Minosa’s legal counsel and addressed to Rodrigo Velázquez, Head of Legal (North America) and Head of Compliance, Aura Technical Services Inc.

 

The information provided in the legal opinion has been relied upon by SLR for the purposes of Sections 1.3.2 (Land Tenure), 3.2 (Land Tenure), 3.3 (Encumbrances and Permits), and 17.3 (Project Permitting), and no independent legal verification was performed by SLR.

 

SLR has relied on Aura for guidance on applicable taxes, royalties, and other government levies or interests, applicable to revenue or income from the San Andrés Mine in the Executive Summary and Section 19. As the San Andrés Mine has been in operation for over ten years, Aura has considerable experience in this area.

 

The Qualified Persons have taken all appropriate steps, in their professional opinion, to ensure that the above information from Aura is sound.

 

Except as provided by applicable laws, any use of this TRS by any third party is at that party’s sole risk.

 

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S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary

March 28, 2025

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26.0Date and Signature Page

 

This report titled “S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary, San Andrés Mine, Department of Copán, Honduras” with an effective date of December 31, 2024 was prepared and signed by:

 

  /s/ SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd.
   
Dated at Toronto, ON  
March 28, 2025 SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd.

 

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