Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mar. 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ECD and ECD Auto Design UK Ltd. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”), expressed in U.S. dollars. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of such unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. All such adjustments consisted of all normal recurring items, including the elimination of all intercompany transactions and balances. References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance U.S. GAAP” have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These operating results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the 2024 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025. |
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| Emerging Growth Company Status | Emerging Growth Company Status The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. |
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions used in revenue recognition, useful life of assets, and allowance for credit losses. |
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| Segment Information | Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is evaluated regularly by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, the Company operates and manages its business as one operating segment and one reportable segment. |
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments acquired with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value, because of the short maturity of these instruments. |
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| Credit Risk | Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Coverage limit of $250,000. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts. |
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when the Company transfers promised goods or services to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as the Company fulfills its obligations under the agreement, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. No one customer exceeded 10% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Product Revenue – Builds The Company generates revenue through the sale of rebuilt or upgraded Land Rover Defender, Range Rover Classics, Land Rover Series, Jaguar E-Types, and Mustang vehicles directly to customers. There is a single performance obligation in all of the Company’s contracts, which is the Company’s promise to transfer the Company’s product to customers based on the transfer of title or shipping terms in the arrangement. The entire transaction revenue is allocated to this performance obligation. Upon execution of the contract, the Company bills its customers the total consideration of the contract. The Company receives from 25% to 50% of the total consideration of the contract from its customers as acceptance of contract, including any upgrades, which are initially recorded in customer deposits in deferred revenue, and are recognized as net revenue when the products are shipped or titled based on terms in the arrangement. Warranty and Other Revenue The Company also generates revenue through the sale of extended warranties to customers. The customers agree to the terms and conditions at the time of purchase, which represents the customer arrangements. The period covered by the extended warranty is usually two years. The Company has elected to apply the optional exemption provided in ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) and, therefore, is not required to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period. The Company generates revenue through providing repair services to customers. The Company agrees with the customer on consideration for the service to be provided. There is a single performance obligation, which is the Company’s promise to perform the retrofit or to execute the agreed upon repair work on the vehicle. The entire transaction price is allocated to this single performance obligation. Service revenue is recognized when the repair work is completed, and the customer receives the vehicle. Product Limited Warranty Consistent with industry practice, the Company generally offers customers a limited warranty for work performed on the vehicle under the build/sales contract. The customers do not have a contractual right of return. The Company only offers a limited warranty for the work performed on the vehicle under the contract. If a customer disputes any work performed, the Company will attempt to remedy the work, however, it shall not be required to discount the transaction price. The Company considered this an assurance-type warranty and not a separate performance obligation. Warranty Reserve The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, including quality control test driving vehicles, the warranty obligation is affected by historical warranty costs per vehicle. Should actual costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to increase or decrease the estimated warranty liability may be required. Other Revenue Policies Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 606, the Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised products to the customer will be one year or less, which is the case with substantially all customers. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 606, the Company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. The Company records the related costs as part of the cost of goods good. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table summarizes the Company’s net revenues disaggregated by product category:
Customer Deposits, Deferred revenue and remaining performance obligation:
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had customer deposits in the amount of $7,721,542 and $8,130,324, respectively and deferred revenue of $2,766,821 and $3,672,501, respectively. The customer deposits and deferred revenue are typically recognized in revenue at a point in time within the next twelve months as the custom build vehicles are delivered and title has been transferred to customers. |
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| Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Accounts receivable are recorded at the original invoice amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts that management believes will be adequate to absorb estimated losses on existing balances. Management estimates the allowance based on collectability of accounts receivable and prior bad debt experience. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance upon management’s determination that such accounts are uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. Management believes that credit risks on accounts receivable will not be material to the financial position of the Company or results of operations. The Company had trade accounts receivable of $168,895 as of March 31, 2025 and a recorded allowance for credit losses of $11,701, resulting in a net trade accounts receivable balance of $157,194. The Company had trade accounts receivable of $47,428 as of December 31, 2024 and a recorded allowance for credit losses of $2,406, resulting in a net trade accounts receivable balance of $45,022. As of March 31, 2025, amounts due from 2 customer exceeded 10% of accounts receivable individually and totaled approximately 99% of accounts receivable in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2024, amounts due from one customer exceeded 10% of accounts receivable individually and totaled approximately 84% of accounts receivable in the aggregate. |
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| Inventories | Inventories Work in progress, work in progress – shipping and consumables, and work in progress – labor costs reported in inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on the basis of the direct and indirect costs that are directly attributable. The measurement of inventories is generally based on the weighted average method. Finished goods inventory is comprised of vehicles for which the build is completed but title has not been legally transferred, or in some cases, the vehicle has not been delivered. The measurement of finished goods inventories is the total cost of the materials, shipping and consumables, and labor attributed to the build of each specific completed vehicle. Overhead costs are allocated to inventory based on the rate of inventory turned for the period. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, inventory was $10,439,696 and $11,181,806, respectively. |
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| Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the asset’s estimated useful life of 5 to 15 years. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition is reflected in earnings. |
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| Long-Lived Assets | Long-Lived Assets The Company follows a “primary asset” approach to determine the cash flow estimation period for a group of assets and liabilities that represents the unit of accounting for a long-lived asset to be held and used. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of the assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. No impairments were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. |
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| Advertising and Marketing | Advertising and Marketing The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. The Company charged to operations $290,879 and $343,409 as advertising and marketing costs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. |
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| Income taxes | Income taxes Prior to the Business Combination on December 12, 2023, the Company was an S corporation. As an S corporation, the Company was not directly liable for federal income taxes. As of the date of the Business Combination, the operations of the Company ceased to be taxed as an S corporation resulting in a change in tax status for federal and state income tax purposes. The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company records deferred tax assets to the extent management believes that it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized in the future. Future realization of deferred income tax assets (meaning, items that may provide tax deductions in future periods) requires evidence that there will be sufficient taxable income in those future periods, or within any carryback periods available under tax law. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. The majority of the Company’s deferred tax assets are comprised of income tax carryforwards, including federal and state net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and non-deductible interest expense carryforwards. Some of these carryforwards are subject to annual usage limitations and expiration, while other state NOLs and a portion of federal NOLs do not expire. While the Company remains in a financial reporting loss position based on a cumulative pre-tax loss for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, the determination of the valuation allowance is based on its evaluation of the periods over which future taxable items are expected to be utilized to offset tax loss and deduction carryforward items in those future periods. That is, future forecasts of our taxable income are not considered in the evaluation of realizability of its deferred tax assets. Therefore, changes in its deferred tax asset valuation allowances will primarily be affected by changes in the estimates of the time periods over which those future taxable items will occur. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions, including its previous status as a pass-through entity for federal and state tax purposes, and has determined that the Company has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s reserve related to uncertain tax positions was zero as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions, including its previous status as a pass-through entity for federal and state tax purposes, and has determined that the Company has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the consolidated financial statements. There were unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The open tax years for the tax returns generally include 2021 through 2024 for state and federal reporting purposes. |
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| Loss Per Share | Loss Per Share The Company accounts for net loss per share in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 260, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260-”), which requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the statement of operations for all entities with complex capital structures and requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. It excludes the dilutive effects of any potentially issuable common shares. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by including any potentially dilutive share issuances in the denominator. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, all potentially dilutive securities were not included in the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. |
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| Leases | Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and short-term and long-term lease liability are included on the face of the consolidated balance sheets. ROU asset represents the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU asset and liability are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s lease does not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date over the respective lease term in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements with terms less than 12 months, the Company has elected the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption, and it recognizes such lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. |
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company calculates the fair value of its assets and liabilities which qualify as financial instruments and includes this additional information in the notes to the consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and other payables approximate their carrying amounts due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of lease liability also approximates fair value since the recognition of the instrument reflects a market rate of interest. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes. |
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| Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. |
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| Warrants | Warrants The Company determines the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity classified by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480”), then in accordance with ASC 815 (“ASC 815”), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. Under ASC 480, warrants are considered liability classified if the warrants are mandatorily redeemable, obligate the Company to settle the warrants or the underlying shares by paying cash or other assets, or warrants that must or may require settlement by issuing variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480, the Company assesses the requirements under ASC 815, which states that contracts that require or may require the issuer to settle the contract for cash are liabilities recorded at fair value, irrespective of the likelihood of the transaction occurring that triggers the net cash settlement feature. If the warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815, and in order to conclude equity classification, the Company also assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its Common Stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815 or other applicable GAAP. After all relevant assessments, the Company concludes whether the warrants are classified as liability or equity. Liability classified warrants require fair value accounting at issuance and subsequent to initial issuance with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded in the statements of operations. Equity classified warrants only require fair value accounting at issuance with no changes recognized subsequent to the issuance date. |
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| Convertible Note Payable | Convertible Note Payable When the Company issues convertible debt, it first evaluates the balance sheet classification of the convertible instrument in its entirety to determine (1) whether the instrument should be classified as a liability under ASC 480, and (2) whether the conversion feature should be accounted for separately from the host instrument. A conversion feature of a convertible debt instrument would be separated from the convertible instrument and classified as a derivative liability if the conversion feature, were it a standalone instrument, meets the definition of a “derivative” in ASC 815. When a conversion feature meets the definition of an embedded derivative, it would be separated from the host instrument and classified as a derivative liability carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with any changes in its fair value recognized currently in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 11 “Debt” for further information. |
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| Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees and non-employees including grants of stock options, to be recognized as expense in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company periodically issues common stock and common stock options to employees and consultants for various services. |
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| Redeemable Preferred Stock | Redeemable Preferred Stock Accounting for convertible or redeemable equity instruments in the Company’s own equity requires an evaluation of the hybrid security to determine if liability classification is required under ASC 480. Liability classification is required for freestanding financial instruments that are not debt in legal form and are: (1) subject to an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to redeem the instrument by transferring assets (i.e. mandatorily redeemable), (2) instruments other than equity shares that embody an obligation of the issuer to repurchase its equity shares, or (3) certain types of instruments that obligate the issuer to issue a variable number of equity shares. Securities that do not meet the scoping criteria to be classified as a liability under ASC 480 are subject to redeemable equity guidance, which prescribes securities that may be subject to redemption upon an event not solely within the control of the issuer to be classified outside permanent equity (i.e., classified in temporary equity). Securities classified in temporary equity are initially measured at the proceeds received, net of issuance costs and excluding the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives (if any). Subsequent measurement of the carrying value is not required unless the instrument is probable of becoming redeemable or is currently redeemable. When the instruments are currently redeemable or probable of becoming redeemable, the Company will recognize changes in the redemption value immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying value of the security to equal the then current maximum redemption value at the end of each reporting period. |
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| New Accounting Pronouncements | New Accounting Pronouncements Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which will add required disclosures of significant expenses for each reportable segment, as well as certain other disclosures to help investors understand how the CODM evaluates segment expenses and operating results. The new guidance requires public entities to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the amount and composition of other segment items by reportable segment, any additional measures of a segment’s profit or loss used by the CODM when assessing performance and deciding how to allocate resources, and the CODM’s title and position. Additionally, public entities will be required to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss that are currently required annually by Topic 280. This standard is effective on a retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” (“ASU 2024-03”). The standard requires additional disclosure of certain costs and expenses within the notes to the financial statements. The provisions of the standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. This accounting standards update may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements. |
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